291 lines
22 KiB
XML
291 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974" ID-GBIF-Dataset="125e0951-eb52-4464-8449-200edf801a02" ID-PMC="PMC5993860" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-34-63" ID-PubMed="29892206" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-4049-34-63" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 34" ModsDocTitle="New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa" checkinTime="1527871342263" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Swart, Wijnand J. & Crous, Pedro W." docDate="2018" docId="C9CE9557689A46045AB869591B5DF4E1" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 34: 63-92" docOrigin="MycoKeys 34" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974" docTitle="Fusarium transvaalense Sandoval-Denis, Crous & W. J. Swart, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="BF0FFFF3FFD9384BFFCBFFF7FFC7FFCB" masterDocTitle="New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa" masterLastPageNumber="92" masterPageNumber="63" pageNumber="63" updateTime="1668135997706" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New Fusarium species from the Kruger National Park, South Africa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Swart, Wijnand J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crous, Pedro W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>34</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>63</mods:start>
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<mods:end>92</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.34.25974</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-34-63</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144212021" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C9CE9557689A46045AB869591B5DF4E1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C9CE9557689A46045AB869591B5DF4E1" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MB825104" authority="Sandoval-Denis, Crous & W. J. Swart" class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Fusarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fusarium transvaalense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="transvaalense">Fusarium transvaalense Sandoval-Denis, Crous & W.J. Swart</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="63">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Fig. 7
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Different from most species in FSAMSC by its slender sporodochial conidia with tapered and somewhat rounded apex; its smooth- to tuberculate, often pigmented chlamydospores and the formation of large mycelial tufts on OA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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South Africa, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, Granite Supersite,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.112638">25°06'45.5"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.57639">31°34'35.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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, from rhizosphere soil of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sida cordifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">Sida cordifolia</taxonomicName>
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, 23 Mar 2015, W.J. Swart, holotype CBS H-23497, dried culture on SNA, culture ex-holotype CBS 144211 = CPC 30923.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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Colonies on PDA growing in the dark with an average radial growth rate of 8.5-9.3 mm/d, reaching 34-37 mm diam. in 7 d at 24 °C, filling an entire 9 cm Petri dish in 7 d at 27-33 °C. Minimum temperature for growth 12 °C, maximum 36 °C, optimal 27-30 °C. Colony surface at first white, turning coral to dark vinaceous with white periphery and abundant yellow hyphae at the centre; flat, velvety to woolly, with abundant aerial mycelium and erect hyphal strings reaching several mm tall; colony margins regular and filiform. Reverse with yellow, coral or dark vinaceous patches, coral diffusible pigments strongly produced between 15-30 °C, turning scarlet to orange at 33-36 °C. Colonies on CMA and OA incubated at 24 °C in the dark occupying an entire 9 cm Petri dish in 7 d. Colony surface coral, rust to chestnut coloured in irregular patches, flat, felty to woolly, aerial mycelium scarce on CMA, mostly as radially dispersed white patches, on OA aerial mycelium abundant, especially on the periphery of the colony, forming dense, pustule-like, white mycelial tufts, formed by abundant intermingled hyphae and chlamydospores, 1-1.5 cm tall, with flesh to coral coloured stipes; margins on CMA and OA regular. Reverse pale luteous with red to coral periphery. Sporulation abundant from conidiophores formed on the aerial mycelium, at the agar level and from sporodochia.
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<taxonomicName genus="Conidiophores" lsidName="Conidiophores" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Conidiophores</taxonomicName>
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on the aerial mycelium straight or flexuous, septate, smooth- and thin-walled, up to 150
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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tall, sometimes emerging from irregular, swollen, pigmented and rough-walled cells on the hyphae; simple or sparingly and irregularly branched, branches bearing terminal, rarely lateral monophialides or reduced to conidiogenous cells borne laterally on hyphae; phialides on the aerial conidiophores short ampulliform, subulate to subcylindrical, smooth- and thin-walled, (7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)9–14(–">-)9-14(-</normalizedToken>
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15)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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long, (3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)4–">-)4-</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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at the widest point, without periclinal thickening and with a minute, inconspicuous collarette; conidia formed on aerial conidiophores of two types: a) hyaline, obovoid, ellipsoidal to clavate, smooth- and thin-walled, 0-1-septate, 2-14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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2-4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; b) lunate to short falcate with a pointed apex and a somewhat flattened base, smooth- and thin-walled, 3-5-septate. Three-septate conidia: (16
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)18–27(–">-)18-27(-</normalizedToken>
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29)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; four-septate conidia: 21
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–24(–">-24(-</normalizedToken>
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25)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; five-septate conidia: (25
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)27–">-)27-</normalizedToken>
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33
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-6
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName genus="Sporodochia" lsidName="Sporodochia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Sporodochia</taxonomicName>
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cream to orange coloured, formed abundantly on the surface of carnation leaves and rarely on the agar surface, at first very small and sparse later becoming aggregated.
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<taxonomicName genus="Conidiophores" lsidName="Conidiophores" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Conidiophores</taxonomicName>
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in sporodochia 22-31
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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tall, irregularly branched, bearing clusters of 3-6 monophialides; sporodochial phialides doliiform to ampulliform, (5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)9–14(–">-)9-14(-</normalizedToken>
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18)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)4–">-)4-</normalizedToken>
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5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, smooth- and thin-walled, with periclinal thickening and a short apical collarette. Sporodochial conidia falcate, wedge-shaped, tapering towards both ends, markedly curved and robust; apical cell longer than the adjacent cell, pointed; basal cell distinctly notched, sometimes somewhat extended (1
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)3–5(–">-)3-5(-</normalizedToken>
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6)-septate, hyaline, smooth- and thick-walled. One-septate conidia: 19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; three-septate conidia: 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–27(–">-27(-</normalizedToken>
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28)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; four-septate conidia: (29
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)30–">-)30-</normalizedToken>
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32
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; five-septate conidia: (26
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)29–41(–">-)29-41(-</normalizedToken>
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53)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–5(–">-5(-</normalizedToken>
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6)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; six-septate conidia: 36
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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; overall (19
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)25.9–40(–">-)25.9-40(-</normalizedToken>
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53)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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(3.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="–)4–6(–">-)4-6(-</normalizedToken>
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7)
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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.
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<taxonomicName genus="Chlamydospores" lsidName="Chlamydospores" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Chlamydospores</taxonomicName>
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abundant, hyaline or pigmented, smooth- to rough-walled or tuberculate, 7-8
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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diam., terminal or intercalary, solitary, in chains or in clusters.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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Figure 7.
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Fusarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fusarium transvaalense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="transvaalense">Fusarium transvaalense</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
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Colonies on PDA, SNA, OA and CMA, respectively, after 7 d at 24 °C in the dark E Pustule-like growth on OA F, G
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<taxonomicName genus="Sporodochia" lsidName="Sporodochia" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Sporodochia</taxonomicName>
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formed on the surface of carnation leaves
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<normalizedToken originalValue="H–L">H-L</normalizedToken>
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Aerial conidiophores phialides and conidia M Aerial conidia N, O
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<taxonomicName genus="Chlamydospores" lsidName="Chlamydospores" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="genus">Chlamydospores</taxonomicName>
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P Sporodochial conidiophores and phialides Q Sporodochial conidia. Scale bars: 2 mm (E); 20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="F–J">F-J</normalizedToken>
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); 5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(K); 10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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(
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<normalizedToken originalValue="L–Q">L-Q</normalizedToken>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Australia and South Africa</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">After Transvaal, the name of a former colony and Republic located between the Limpopo and Vaal rivers, currently a province of South Africa and where this species was found. From Latin trans meaning "on the other side of" and Vaal a South African river.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="additional isolates examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Additional isolates examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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South Africa, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, Granite Supersite,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.1135">25°06'48.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.576807">31°34'36.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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, from rhizosphere soil of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Melhania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Melhania acuminata" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="acuminata">Melhania acuminata</taxonomicName>
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, 23 Mar 2015, W.J. Swart, CBS 144224 = CPC 30928, CBS 144212 = CPC 30929);
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.112667">25°06'45.6"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.577139">31°34'37.7"E</geoCoordinate>
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, CBS 144496 = CPC 33750, CBS 144213 = CPC 33751;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.113556">25°06'48.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.576834">031°34'36.6"E</geoCoordinate>
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, from rhizosphere soil of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Sida" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Sida cordifolia" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cordifolia">Sida cordifolia</taxonomicName>
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, 23 Mar 2015, W.J. Swart, CBS 144214 = CPC 30946;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.112696">25°06'45.7"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.576418">31°34'35.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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, CBS 144215 = CPC 33723;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.112638">25°06'45.5"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.57639">31°34'35.0"E</geoCoordinate>
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, CBS 144216 = CPC 30918, CBS 144217 = CPC 30919, CBS 144218 = CPC 30922,, CBS 144219 = CPC 30926, CBS 144220 = CPC 30927);
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.114279">25°06'51.4"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.577084">31°34'37.5"E</geoCoordinate>
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, from rhizosphere soil of
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Amaranthaceae" genus="Kyphocarpa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Kyphocarpa angustifolia" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="angustifolia">Kyphocarpa angustifolia</taxonomicName>
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, 23 Mar 2015, W.J. Swart, CBS 144221 = CPC 33740;
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-25.11439">25°06'51.8"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="31.577251">31°34'38.1"E</geoCoordinate>
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, CBS 144222 = CPC 30939, CBS 144223 = CPC 30941.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="63" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Fusarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fusarium transvaalense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="transvaalense">Fusarium transvaalense</taxonomicName>
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exhibits a sporodochial conidial morphology typical of members of FSAMSC with marked dorsiventral curvature and tapered ends. Several species in FSAMSC form comparable conidia in culture i.e.
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. crookwellense" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="crookwellense">F. crookwellense</taxonomicName>
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L.W. Burgess, P.E. Nelson & Toussoun,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sambucinum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="sambucinum">F. sambucinum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sporotrichioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="sporotrichioides">F. sporotrichioides</taxonomicName>
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Sherb.,
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. venenatum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="venenatum">F. venenatum</taxonomicName>
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Nirenberg and
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. culmorum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="culmorum">F. culmorum</taxonomicName>
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(Wm.G. Sm.) Sacc. However, with the exception of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sporotrichioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="sporotrichioides">F. sporotrichioides</taxonomicName>
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, the conidia of most species above-mentioned, differ by being more robust and often more pointed apically.
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<taxonomicName class="Sordariomycetes" family="Nectriaceae" genus="Fusarium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Fusarium transvaalense" order="Hypocreales" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="transvaalense">Fusarium transvaalense</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. sporotrichioides" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="sporotrichioides">F. sporotrichioides</taxonomicName>
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by the absence of pyriform aerial conidia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="63">
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Two strains NRRL 13829 and NRRL 31008, previously identified as
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<taxonomicName lsidName="F. brachygibbosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brachygibbosum">F. brachygibbosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
Padwick showed different degrees of genetic similitude with the new species. While NRRL 31008 clustered within
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. transvaalense" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="transvaalense">F. transvaalense</taxonomicName>
|
||
, NRRL 13829 formed a clearly delimited sister linage. Morphologically,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. transvaalense" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="transvaalense">F. transvaalense</taxonomicName>
|
||
exhibits significant differences allowing its separation from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. brachygibbosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brachygibbosum">F. brachygibbosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Both species produce sporodochial conidia with similar septation and sizes; however,
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. brachygibbosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brachygibbosum">F. brachygibbosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
commonly exhibits a bulge in the middle portion of the conidia (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Padwick, GW" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 15" title="Notes on Indian fungi III." volume="12" year="1945">Padwick 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), a feature not present in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. transvaalense" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="transvaalense">F. transvaalense</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In addition, the latter species produces comparatively larger sporodochial conidia, when elements with the same degree of septation are compared; its chlamydospores are smaller, smooth-walled to markedly tuberculate and pigmented (7-8
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
vs. 10.7-15.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, smooth-walled and hyaline in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. brachygibbosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brachygibbosum">F. brachygibbosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and has a distinctive colonial growth on OA, forming large, pustule-like hyphal tufts, a feature not reported for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="F. brachygibbosum" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" rank="species" species="brachygibbosum">F. brachygibbosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Padwick, GW" journalOrPublisher="Mycological Papers" pageId="0" pageNumber="63" pagination="1 - 15" title="Notes on Indian fungi III." volume="12" year="1945">Padwick 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |