168 lines
22 KiB
XML
168 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="E6FC04AF6B6C565B22F535392B56186E" ID-CLB-Dataset="4913" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4984.1.19" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8683b51f-249f-40f8-80dd-5aa6f539b7c4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4927122" ID-ZooBank="2DF2C3C7-4966-482A-AE23-0CB5FAC3F6D3" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623428333374" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Xin, Yafei, Jiang, Tongyao, Yao, Zhiyuan & Li, Shuqiang" docDate="2021" docId="AA703D03FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FE59F88E" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4984.1.19.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4984 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Furcembolus Wunderlich 2008" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="259" masterDocId="5649457BFF81FFD6BC2D3F36FFC3FF8E" masterDocTitle="Three new species of the extinct spider genus Furcembolus (Araneae: Pacullidae) from Late Cretaceous Burmese amber" masterLastPageNumber="273" masterPageNumber="258" pageNumber="259" updateTime="1699010405508" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="7A84153C960CB3A41E32F4A8E0864F94">Three new species of the extinct spider genus Furcembolus (Araneae: Pacullidae) from Late Cretaceous Burmese amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D1B02882138E0EF008A4AFFB0D5915B7" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D62F50AE36B531D661724DAB6280B94">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8ECF5A4DE8B21D9DB5C2EB0259DDBCC5">Xin, Yafei</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="15EAC7C1DA03B4A9F84FA307F1FE58BF">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China. & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar. & yafeixin @ outlook. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 4512 - 0669</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="C7116F5A536CD555AC541698044C60BA" type="email">yafeixin@outlook.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="AA3E8730891CB29DE62872AE18937274">Jiang, Tongyao</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="48F7DD9E5173C711DD208179D8EAE38E" type="ORCID">0000-0002-6148-1157</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="28434F25624BD1E792A4065B5BA74F4C">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. & jiangtongyao @ ioz. ac. cn; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6148 - 1157</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="50C566A263FAFF0A437F995A77DD981C" type="email">jiangtongyao@ioz.ac.cn</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="4ECEFEAABA245FB7B953080E7DBEB925">Yao, Zhiyuan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A8B1759508BEE2C232A73EA2C832D55">College of Life Science, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, Liaoning, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="51D6CA83F7B3ABF4FDA5AB0F10EDE957">Li, Shuqiang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="15843CDDD82FB29354DCA1F2213AB3ED">Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. & Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D7770D789F4FAFEF9526E143E28AADCA">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="76E5563D7A92C264CC271895247F59C3">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3B9DE8FFD510AB4C19712F21C7275A9A">2021-06-10</mods:number>
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<treatment id="AA703D03FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FE59F88E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5226924" ID-GBIF-Taxon="184611967" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5226924" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:AA703D03FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FE59F88E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/AA703D03FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FE59F88E" lastPageNumber="259" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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<subSubSection id="6AC3DF9EFF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FD47FB66" box="[151,644,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="22668C15FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FD47FB66" blockId="1.[151,644,1230,1257]" box="[151,644,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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<heading id="792E3B79FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FD47FB66" bold="true" box="[151,644,1230,1257]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BCBA3BF8FD47FB66" bold="true" box="[151,644,1230,1257]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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Genus †
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BCD03BF8FD47FB66" authority="Wunderlich, 2008" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[253,644,1230,1257]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BCD03BF8FE5DFB67" bold="true" box="[253,414,1230,1257]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BD883BF8FD47FB66" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[421,644,1230,1256]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="524 - 675" refId="ref5915" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2008) The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogyne in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 5, pp. 524 - 675." type="journal article" year="2008">Wunderlich, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6AC3DF9EFF80FFD7BCBA3A22FD10FAA5" box="[151,723,1299,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph id="22668C15FF80FFD7BCBA3A22FD10FAA5" blockId="1.[151,723,1299,1324]" box="[151,723,1299,1324]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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Type species:
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BD0B3A25FD10FAA5" authority="Wunderlich, 2008" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[294,723,1299,1323]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="andersoni">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BD0B3A25FDD5FAA5" box="[294,534,1299,1323]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus andersoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BE303A25FD10FAA5" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[541,723,1299,1323]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="524 - 675" refId="ref5915" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2008) The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogyne in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 5, pp. 524 - 675." type="journal article" year="2008">Wunderlich, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="6AC3DF9EFF80FFD7BCBA3A6FFF23FA51" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="22668C15FF80FFD7BCBA3A6FFF23FA51" blockId="1.[151,1437,1369,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BCBA3A6FFED1FAFD" bold="true" box="[151,274,1369,1395]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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The genus is characterized by the presence of a small bulb; embolus with or without an obvious bifurcation in the middle. Carapace of males with obvious wrinkles, no apophysis in known species, cephalic part of carapace clearly the highest. Metatarsi are ca. 2–3 times longer than tarsi (modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7B8A13A97FA92FA35" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[1164,1361,1441,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="524 - 675" refId="ref5915" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2008) The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogyne in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 5, pp. 524 - 675." type="journal article" year="2008">Wunderlich 2008</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7B9703A97FA5BFA32" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[1373,1432,1441,1468]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="21 - 408" refId="ref5984" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2015) On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 9, pp. 21 - 408." type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BCBA3AF3FF17FA51" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[151,212,1477,1503]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="72 - 279" refId="ref6048" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2017) New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 10, pp. 72 - 279." type="journal article" year="2017">2017</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6AC3DF9EFF80FFD7BCEA3ADFFE59F88E" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="22668C15FF80FFD7BCEA3ADFFE59F88E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1369,1792]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BCEA3ADFFEF8F98D" bold="true" box="[199,315,1513,1539]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Remarks.</emphasis>
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†
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BD7D3ADFFE20F98D" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[336,483,1513,1539]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BD7D3ADFFE20F98D" box="[336,483,1513,1539]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was established by Wunderlich in 2008, placed in the fossil family †
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7B8C83ADFFEA5F9A9" authority="Wunderlich, 2008" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Eopsilodercidae
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BCBA393BFEA5F9A9" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[151,358,1549,1575]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="524 - 675" refId="ref5915" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2008) The dominance of ancient spider families of the Araneae: Haplogyne in the Cretaceous, and the late diversification of advanced ecribellate spiders of the Entelegynae after the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary extinction events, with descriptions of new families. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 5, pp. 524 - 675." type="journal article" year="2008">Wunderlich, 2008</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, but Wunderlich wasn’t sure about their relationships. †
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BFC4393BFB50F9A9" box="[1001,1171,1549,1575]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Praeterpaculla</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7B8B1393BFAA4F9A6" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[1180,1383,1549,1576]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="21 - 408" refId="ref5984" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2015) On the evolution and the classification of spiders, the Mesozoic spider faunas, and descriptions of new Cretaceous taxa mainly in amber from Myanmar (Burma) (Arachnida: Araneae). In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 9, pp. 21 - 408." type="journal article" year="2015">Wunderlich, 2015</bibRefCitation>
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was erected by Wunderlich under the family
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BE4C3907FCD4F9C5" authorityName="Pickard-Cambridge" authorityYear="1873" box="[609,791,1585,1611]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tetrablemmidae</taxonomicName>
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with five new species. After studying further specimens, the genus †
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BD363963FE06F9E1" box="[283,453,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Praeterpaculla</emphasis>
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was regarded as a junior synonym of †
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BFA13963FBDCF9E1" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[908,1055,1621,1647]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BFA13963FBDCF9E1" box="[908,1055,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and †
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7B8433963FAC2F9E1" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[1134,1281,1621,1647]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7B8433963FAC2F9E1" box="[1134,1281,1621,1647]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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turned out to be a taxon of Pacullinae,
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BD96394FFC90F91D" authority="(Wunderlich 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Wunderlich" baseAuthorityYear="2017" box="[443,851,1657,1683]" class="Arachnida" family="Tetrablemmidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Tetrablemmidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BEAD394FFC88F91D" author="Wunderlich, J." box="[640,843,1657,1683]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="72 - 279" refId="ref6048" refString="Wunderlich, J. (2017) New and rare fossil spiders (Araneae) in mid Cretaceous amber from Myanmar (Burma), including the description of new extinct families of the suborders Mesothelae and Opisthothelae as well as notes on the taxonomy, the evolution and the biogeography of the Mesothelae. In: Wunderlich, J. (Ed.), Beitrage zur Araneologie, 10, pp. 72 - 279." type="journal article" year="2017">Wunderlich 2017</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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. After the restoration of family status of
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<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7B905394FFE4EF939" authority="(Wheeler et al. 2017)" baseAuthorityName="Wheeler" baseAuthorityYear="2017" class="Arachnida" family="Pacullidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">
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Pacullidae (
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<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BCB239ABFE46F939" author="Wheeler, W. C. & Coddington, J. A. & Crowley, L. M. & Dimitrov, D. & Goloboff, P. A. & Griswold, C. E. & Hormiga, G. & Prendini, L & Ramirez, M. J. & Sierwald, P. & Almeida-Silva, L. M. & Alvarez-Padilla, F. & Arnedo, M. A. & Benavides, L. R. & Benjamin, S. P. & Bond, J. E. & Grismado, C. J. & Hasan, E. & Hedin, M. & Izquierdo, M. A. & Labarque, F. M. & Ledford, J. & Lopardo, L. & Maddison, W. P. & Miller, J. A. & Piacentini, L. N. & Platnick, N. I. & Polotow, D. & Silva-Davila, D. & Scharff, N. & Szuts, T. & Ubick, D. & Vink, C. & Wood, H. M. & Zhang, J. X." box="[159,389,1693,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="576 - 616" refId="ref5613" refString="Wheeler, W. C., Coddington, J. A., Crowley, L. M., Dimitrov, D., Goloboff, P. A., Griswold, C. E., Hormiga, G., Prendini, L, Ramirez, M. J., Sierwald, P., Almeida-Silva, L. M., Alvarez-Padilla, F., Arnedo, M. A., Benavides, L. R., Benjamin, S. P., Bond, J. E., Grismado, C. J., Hasan, E., Hedin, M., Izquierdo, M. A., Labarque, F. M., Ledford, J., Lopardo, L., Maddison, W. P., Miller, J. A., Piacentini, L. N., Platnick, N. I., Polotow, D., Silva-Davila, D., Scharff, N., Szuts, T., Ubick, D., Vink, C., Wood, H. M. & Zhang, J. X. (2017) The spider tree of life: phylogeny of Araneae based on target-gene analyses from an extensive taxon sampling. Cladistics, 33 (6), 576 - 616. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / cla. 12182" type="journal article" year="2017">
|
||
Wheeler
|
||
<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BD2539A8FE82F939" box="[264,321,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2017
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4648F1E4FF80FFD7BDB739ABFD6BF939" author="Magalhaes, I. L. F. & Azevedo, G. H. F. & Michalik, P. & Ramirez, M. J." box="[410,680,1693,1719]" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" pagination="184 - 217" refId="ref4843" refString="Magalhaes, I. L. F., Azevedo, G. H. F., Michalik, P. & Ramirez, M. J. (2020) The fossil record of spiders revisited: implications for calibrating trees and evidence for a major faunal turnover since the Mesozoic. Biological Reviews, 95 (1), 184 - 217. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / brv. 12559" type="journal article" year="2020">
|
||
Magalhaes
|
||
<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BE3139A8FD96F939" box="[540,597,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2020)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
proposed that †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BF4D39ABFC30F939" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[864,1011,1693,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BF4D39ABFC30F939" box="[864,1011,1693,1719]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be listed under
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7B8D339ABFAB5F939" box="[1278,1398,1693,1719]" class="Arachnida" family="Pacullidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pacullidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
. At present, †
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BD2939F7FE54F955" authorityName="Wunderlich" authorityYear="2008" box="[260,407,1729,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Eopsilodercidae" genus="Furcembolus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="10AD5007FF80FFD7BD2939F7FE54F955" box="[260,407,1729,1755]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="259">Furcembolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the only genus of extinct
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E5D9F796FF80FFD7BEFF39F7FC89F955" box="[722,842,1729,1755]" class="Arachnida" family="Pacullidae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Araneae" pageId="1" pageNumber="259" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pacullidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including nine known species and three new species described in this paper.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |