257 lines
18 KiB
XML
257 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5408" ID-GBIF-Dataset="24d5415a-77c5-4b27-a8fc-3508a0a8aa28" ID-PMC="PMC3698554" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-311-1" ID-PubMed="23825440" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2013" ModsDocID="1313-2970-311-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 311" ModsDocTitle="On the Monacha species of Lebanon (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae)" checkinTime="1451247198070" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Neubert, Eike & Bariche, Michel" docDate="2013" docId="C4DD2B66FB5D45C2D14476004A18A9E2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 311: 1-18" docOrigin="ZooKeys 311" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5408" docTitle="Monacha (Monacha) syriaca Ehrenberg 1831" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="FFDCFF8EEC3E5769BF5B283CFF86FF88" masterDocTitle="On the Monacha species of Lebanon (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae)" masterLastPageNumber="18" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1668155992279" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>On the Monacha species of Lebanon (Gastropoda, Hygromiidae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Neubert, Eike</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bariche, Michel</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2013</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>311</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>18</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5408</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.311.5408</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-311-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152045440" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C4DD2B66FB5D45C2D14476004A18A9E2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C4DD2B66FB5D45C2D14476004A18A9E2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Monacha_syriaca" authority="Ehrenberg, 1831" authorityName="Ehrenberg" authorityYear="1831" class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha (Monacha) syriaca" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="syriaca" subGenus="Monacha">Monacha (Monacha) syriaca (Ehrenberg, 1831)</taxonomicName>
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Figs 1-3
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Helicidae" genus="Helix" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Helix syriaca" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="syriaca">Helix syriaca</taxonomicName>
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Ehrenberg, Symbolae Physicae: 7 [Berytum]. 1831
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Specimens examined:</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
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NMBE 506363/1, Hlaliye,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.8393">33.8393°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.636">35.636°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 475 m alt., 28.10.2011; NMBE 506362/2, Ajhbe,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0087">34.0087°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.7108">35.7108°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1164 m alt., 27.10.2011; NMBE 506361/5, Aaramoun,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0153">34.0153°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6973">35.6973°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 760 m alt., 27.10.2011; NMBE 506360/7, above Kfour,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0317">34.0317°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6988">35.6988°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 895 m alt., 27.10.2011; NMBE 506359/3, Kfour,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0348">34.0348°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6952">35.6952°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 817 m alt., 27.10.2011; NMBE 506358/2, Adma,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0166">34.0166°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6489">35.6489°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 85 m alt., 27.10.2011; NMBE 505184/1, above Kfour,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0317">34.0317°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6988">35.6988°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 895 m alt., 27.10.2011 (preserved); NMBE 25914/3, Trablous (= Tripoli),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="34.43">34.43°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.85">35.85°E</geoCoordinate>
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, coll. Shuttleworth ex Verreaux; NMBE 508014/20, road between Ain Et Tine and Machgara,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.516">33.516°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.644">35.644°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1080 m alt., 21.08.2008; NMBE 508013/2, Jezzine, Mazrad el
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Mathané">Mathane</normalizedToken>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.576">33.576°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.519">35.519°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m alt., 21.08.2008; NMBE 508012/2, Nahr Bisri,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.58">33.58°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.535">35.535°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 400 m alt., 21.08.2008;
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">NMBE</pageBreakToken>
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508011/64, Jezzine, W of village, steep slope,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.546">33.546°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.575">35.575°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 940 m alt., 21.08.2008; NMBE 508010/15, Nahr Ibrahim, Chouene, trail
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Chouene–Chouwan">Chouene-Chouwan</normalizedToken>
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Lake,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.081">34.081°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.785">35.785°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 450 m alt., 20.08.2008; NMBE 508009/6, Nahr Ibrahim, close to the estuary,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.065">34.065°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.643">35.643°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 20.08.2008; NMBE 508008/1, Qanater al Zbeideh, Nahr Beirut,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.85">33.85°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.556">35.556°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 80 m alt., 19.08.2008; NMBE 508007/10, Byblos,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.122">34.122°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.652">35.652°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 20 m alt., 19.08.2008; NMBE 508006/72, Nahr Abu Ali close to Seraad,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.382">34.382°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.93">35.93°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 630 m alt., 19.08.2008; NMBE 508005/3, Tourza,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="34.281">34.281°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.89">35.89°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 870 m alt., 19.08.2008; NMBE 508004/32, Jazire, Nahr al Qasimiyah (part of the Litani),
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="555" value="33.32">33.32°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.288">35.288°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 15 m alt., 18.08.2008; NMBE 508003/2, Nahr al Damour,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.704">33.704°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.452">35.452°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 20 m alt., 18.08.2008; NMBE 508002/1, Nahr Kfar Matta at Jisr el Kadi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.721">33.721°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.558">35.558°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 260 m alt., 17.08.2008; NMBE 508001/75, Ain al Jdeidi,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.809">33.809°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="555" value="35.63">35.63°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 918 m alt., 17.08.2008; NMBE 508000/1, Nahr el Kalb, upper reach of Nahr al-Kalb near Daraya,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.955">33.955°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.706">35.706°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 700 m alt., 16.08.2008; NMBE 507999/7, Nahr el Kalb, Jeita Grotto, cave entrance,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.944">33.944°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.641">35.641°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 90 m alt., 16.08.2008; NMBE 507998/2, Nahr el Kelb, road to Jeita Grotto, limestone slope,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="33.947">33.947°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.637">35.637°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 115 m alt., 16.08.2008; AUBM-MOLL0470/5, Ghazir,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.0302">34.0302°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6701">35.6701°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 326 m alt., 25.10.2009; AUBM-MOLL0473/13, Habboub,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.1284">34.1284°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="35.686">35.686°E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">420</pageBreakToken>
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m alt., 11.10.2009; AUBM-MOLL0476/7, Jeita,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9448">33.9448°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6387">35.6387°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 88 m alt., 26.09.2009; AUBM-MOLL0478/1, Nahr el Kelb,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9547">33.9547°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.5975">35.5975°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 m alt., 26.09.2009; AUBM-MOLL0481/1, Hamat,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.2967">34.2967°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6768">35.6768°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 100 m alt., 16.01.2010; AUBM-MOLL0482/4, Kfar Kouass,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.1222">34.1222°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6969">35.6969°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 630 m alt., 11.10.2009; AUBM-MOLL0485/3, Moultaa el Nahreyn,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.7029">33.7029°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.4673">35.4673°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 110 m alt., 04.10.2009; AUBM-MOLL0487/5, Bteghrine,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.9253">33.9253°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.7745">35.7745°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1000 m alt., 07.10.2009; AUBM-MOLL0329/16, Jounieh,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.3896">33.3896°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.6323">35.6323°E</geoCoordinate>
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, coll. Pallary; AUBM-MOLL0335/38, Tartous,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.8905">34.8905°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.8707">35.8707°E</geoCoordinate>
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, coll. Pallary; AUBM-MOLL0337/40, Beirut,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="33.8526">33.8526°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.4296">35.4296°E</geoCoordinate>
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, coll. Pallary; AUBM-MOLL0338/25, Tripoli,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="34.4314">34.4314°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="35.8184">35.8184°E</geoCoordinate>
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, coll. Pallary.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Diagnosis</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">shell depressed, with two white spiral bands, malleate teleoconch sculpture, aperture reinforced by a strong white lip, apertural rim deep red, umbilicus closed by columellar callus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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shell depressed, with an elevated broad conical spire, basic shell colour deep brown to yellowish brown, usually with a white subsutural band and a second white band at the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="shell’s">shell's</normalizedToken>
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periphery; two protoconch whorls, smooth; teleoconch with a malleate sculpture (i.e. looks like markings of a small hammer) and very fine radial growth lines, surface with a glossy shine; last whorl rounded to slightly compressed forming a blunt shoulder; last whorl abruptly bent towards the aperture; aperture oval and depressed, reinforced by a strong white lip; apertural rim sharply bounded, usually deep red to brownish; umbilicus always closed by a small columellar callus.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Measurements (figured specimens). Fig. 1: H = 6.26; D = 10.12; PH = 3.17; PD = 5.38. Fig. 2: H = 6.18; D = 11.12; PH = 3.59; PD = 6.11.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figures 1-2.
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha (Monacha) syriaca" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="syriaca" subGenus="Monacha">Monacha (Monacha) syriaca</taxonomicName>
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. 1 NMBE 508006, Nahr Abu Ali close to Seraad, D = 10.12 mm. 2 NMBE 508001, Ain al Jdeidi, D = 11.12 mm. -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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4, phot. E. Bochud.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Figure 3. Distribution of
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Hygromiidae" genus="Monacha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monacha (Monacha) syriaca" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="syriaca" subGenus="Monacha">Monacha (Monacha) syriaca</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">This species is found widespread along the coastal areas in Lebanon. It usually lives at lower altitudes, but can occasionally be found up to 1000 m in more sheltered areas such as in the bottom of deep valleys.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">This species cannot be mistaken for any other species in the area due to its characteristic colour pattern, teleoconch sculpture, and closed umbilicus.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |