184 lines
17 KiB
XML
184 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" ID-GBIF-Dataset="31bce27d-7094-467b-95ae-009a27e00cf5" ID-PMC="PMC6341056" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-816-1" ID-PubMed="30686917" ID-ZBK="51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-816-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 816" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" checkinTime="1547561011487" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Hunting, Wesley & Yang, Man-Miao" docDate="2019" docId="C472D16E5EF82DCC5946AB8F07B35285" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 816: 1-164" docOrigin="ZooKeys 816" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738" docTitle="Mochtherus tetraspilotus" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="138" masterDocId="AA26FF84157BFFAE490E7F133744FF98" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)" masterLastPageNumber="164" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="134" updateTime="1668166739332" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A taxonomic review of the pericaline ground-beetles in Taiwan, with descriptions of new species (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Hunting, Wesley</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Yang, Man-Miao</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>816</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>164</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.816.29738</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-816-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">51CEEF2E1E1040A8A6731140426ED5A7</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154125955" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:C472D16E5EF82DCC5946AB8F07B35285" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/C472D16E5EF82DCC5946AB8F07B35285" lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="133" pageNumber="134" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="133" pageNumber="134">
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="MacLeay" class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus tetraspilotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="134" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="133" pageNumber="134" start="start">Mochtherus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
tetraspilotus (MacLeay)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Figs 100, 101
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
, 102C, 103
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Dromius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Dromius tetraspilotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="134" pageNumber="135" start="start">Dromius</pageBreakToken>
|
||
tetraspilotus
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
MacLeay, 1825: 25.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Thyreopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Thyreopterus tetrasemus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetrasemus">Thyreopterus tetrasemus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Dejan, 1831: 448.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus angulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="angulatus">Mochtherus angulatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt-Goebel, 1846: 76;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Schaum 1860</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:187;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Redtenbacher 1868</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 7;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="319 - 382" title="Catalogue of the Carabidae of Sumatra." volume="76" year="1933">Andrewes 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 461.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Panagaeus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Panagaeus retractus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="retractus">Panagaeus retractus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Walker, 1858: 203.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Cyrtopterus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyrtopterus quadrinolatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="quadrinolatus">Cyrtopterus quadrinolatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Motschulsky, 1861: 106.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus tetraspilotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">Mochtherus tetraspilotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
MacLeay: Chaudoir, 1869;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bates, HW" journalOrPublisher="Annals and Magazine of Natural History" pageId="149" pageNumber="150" pagination="199 - 212" title="On the Geodephagous Coleoptera collected by Mr. George Lewis in Ceylon." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222938609460134" volume="5" year="1886">Bates 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 203;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">1892</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 412;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1919.tb00006.x" year="1919">Andrewes 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 163; 164, 189;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Andrewes 1923</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 45;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="BMNH, London" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="1 - 346" title="Insects of Samoa and other Samoan terrestrial Arthropoda. Coleoptera Fasc. 1. Carabidae." volume="3" year="1927">Andrewes 1927</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 12;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="303 - 340" title="Fauna Sumatrensis. (Beitrag Nr. 64). Carabidae (Col.)." volume="72" year="1929">Andrewes 1929</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 313;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Andrewes 1930</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; 336;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Andrewes, HE" journalOrPublisher="Tijdschrift voor Entomologie" pageId="148" pageNumber="149" pagination="319 - 382" title="Catalogue of the Carabidae of Sumatra." volume="76" year="1933">Andrewes 1933</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 2; Heller 1919: 273;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Csiki 1932</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 1382; Shibata 1962: 18;
|
||
<bibRefCitation pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Jedlička">Jedlicka</normalizedToken>
|
||
1963
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 353; Kisrchenhofer 1994: 1048;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lorenz, W" journalOrPublisher="Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second ed. Germany" pageId="152" pageNumber="153" title="Systematic List of Extant Ground Beetles of the World. (Insecta, Coleoptera, Adephaga: Trachypachidae & Carabidae incl." year="2005">Lorenz 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 460.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="type material">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Types and other material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
62 specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tetraspilotus" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">M. tetraspilotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
: 28 males and 34 females. For further details see EH Strickland Virtual Entomology Museum Database.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="type locality">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Type locality.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Java.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Specimens of this species are easily distinguished from other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Mochtherus</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the smaller size (less than 7.5 mm) and baso-medial half of elytra with setae and associated punctures not distinctively differing from remainder of disc.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="136" lastPageNumber="137" pageId="134" pageNumber="135" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Redescription.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">OBL 6.17 - 7.00 mm. Length (n = ten males, ten females): head 0.72 - 0.76, pronotum 1.08 - 1.20, elytra 3.67 - 4.17, metepisternum 0.84 - 0.96 mm; width: head 1.36 - 1.52, pronotum 1.60 - 1.88, elytra 2.67 - 3.17, metepisternum 0.52 - 0.56 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Body proportions. HW/HL 1.89 - 2.11; PWM/PL 1.41 - 1.63; EL/EW 1.25 - 1.44; ML/MW 1.40 - 171 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="134" pageNumber="135">Color. Fig. 100. Dorsum of head rufo-brunneous to piceous, clypeus rufo-brunneous to brunneo-piceous, lighter than head, labrum brunneous, brunneo-piceous to piceous centrally; palpi and antennae brunneo-testaceous to brunneous; pronotum brunneous to brunneo-piceous, margins somewhat lighter; elytral disc brunneo-piceous to piceous, suture and margins brunneous to brunneo-piceous, somewhat lighter than disc, with four testaceous to rufo-testaceous maculae, two anterior and two posterior, anterior macula ovoid, from stria 4 (sometimes diffusely into interval 4) to interval 8, nearest to base at interval 7, closest to apex in interval 5 or 6, posterior macula circular to ovoid, from stria 1 to stria 5 (sometimes stria 4), closest to base in interval 4, nearest to apex in interval 3-4; ventral surface of head, pronotum and thoracic sclerites brunneous, abdominal sclerites testaceous to brunneo-testaceous; legs testaceous to brunneous.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="135" lastPageNumber="136" pageId="134" pageNumber="135">
|
||
Microsculpture. Dorsum of head with mesh pattern somewhat granulated, isodiametric, labrum with sculpticells shallow, stretched longitudinally; pronotum with microsculpture transverse; elytra with sculpticells slightly wider than long, almost isodia
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="135" pageNumber="136" start="start">metric</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; metepisternum with microsculpture almost isodiametric to isodiametric; other ventral surfaces with microsculpture transverse.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">
|
||
Macrosculpture and pilosity. Dorsum of head faintly and longitudinally rugulose, with scattered setigerous punctures, setae short and fine, clypeus rugulose, with several scattered setigerous punctures, labrum relatively smooth, with several short setae in apical half; scrobe of mandible setose at base; pronotum faintly rugulose transversely, punctate and densely setose; elytra with intervals punctate and setose, setae longer and more dense medially in basal half, striae faintly punctate, setae hardly visible at 50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
; ventral surface with randomly scattered setigerous punctures, setae relatively dense and easily visible in lateral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Fixed setae. Elytra with two setae in interval 2, one seta just back from mid-length, one seta in apical 1/6.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Luster. Dorsal surface moderately dull; ventral thoracic sterna and abdominal sterna moderately glossy.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Head. Mandibles with wide base, short, mostly concealed by labrum in resting position; labrum longer than wide, rectangular; mentum with shallow tooth; eyes convex.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Pronotum. Anterior transverse impression very shallow; posterior transverse impression moderately deep; median longitudinal impression moderately deep; Disc convex, apical edge slightly emarginate, basal angles obtuse; lateral margins broadly rounded in apical portion, markedly sinuate from lateral seta to base.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="135" pageNumber="136">Elytra. Lateral margin smooth, parallel along length.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="136" pageNumber="137" start="start">Legs</pageBreakToken>
|
||
. Tarsal claws pectinate, three to four denticles per claw, apical denticles rather long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
Male genitalia. Fig. 101
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="A–D">A-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Length 0.84 - 0.92 mm. Phallus uniform width along length, apex bluntly rounded and somewhat triangular in ventral view, more constricted and pointed in lateral view; endophallus relatively short, one basal microtrichial field (mtf), microtrichia distinctively long, two distinctive endophallic lobes (el), one near base and one medially.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Female genitalia. Fig. 102C. Width 0.84 - 0.88 mm. Two lateral ensiform setae (les), rather long. One spermatheca (sp1), cylindrical, elongate and narrowing towards apex with markedly elongate apical end; ring sclerite (srs) separating spermatheca duct from spermatheca; one spermathecal accessory gland (sg), spermathecal gland duct (sgd) attachment site on right side of ring sclerite when viewed from ventral aspect.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="136" pageNumber="137">Habitat, habits, and seasonal occurrence.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="137" lastPageNumber="138" pageId="136" pageNumber="137">
|
||
The known elevational range of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="M. tetraspilotus" pageId="136" pageNumber="137" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">M. tetraspilotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Taiwan is from 480 to 1300 meters. Only one specimen is known from over 725 meters. Adults are crepuscular or nocturnal and are found in mixed primary and
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="137" pageNumber="138" start="start">secondary</pageBreakToken>
|
||
forest of montane areas, as well as disturbed areas. The vast majority of known specimens (54) were collected within a week of each other in 2013 on two nights in late November and early December. They were collected from the underside of fallen trees and deadwood. A single specimen is known from July and another from September. Known methods of collecting this species are sweep netting and hand collecting.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="137" pageNumber="138" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">Geographical distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="137" pageNumber="138">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Carabidae" genus="Mochtherus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mochtherus tetraspilotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="137" pageNumber="138" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tetraspilotus">Mochtherus tetraspilotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is widespread and known from Japan, Burma, Philippines, Laos, Borneo, Java, Ceylon, India, USA, and Taiwan. For additional Taiwan collecting localities, see Figure 103.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |