140 lines
16 KiB
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140 lines
16 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="7BDCF92FD58BCE204A3998FEAD1CD071">A phylogenetic analysis of the southern African gecko genus Afroedura Loveridge (Squamata: Gekkonidae), with the description of nine new species from Limpopo and Mpumalanga provinces of South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="79296CD6481C0EAE50EAF054700890A1">Jacobsen, Niels H. G.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4695715B4226BC6EF5BA35367711DE7C">Kuhn, Arianna L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6C1EE3E04E907EC9750D2743B92FD069">Jackman, Todd R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EDFA70F691A3C3692B5DE23CA0F5037E">Bauer, Aaron M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="39AFE4A90CAF499AF9EFDD32A0E03B03">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="8967AAC10A2D307540ABAB7112B88E68">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A82EEB97FEB806AF90946ABAB49EE8F2">3846</mods:number>
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<treatment id="744387D5B118A138EBADFE9DE365FCB2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5620551" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119514212" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5620551" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:744387D5B118A138EBADFE9DE365FCB2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/744387D5B118A138EBADFE9DE365FCB2" lastPageNumber="471" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<subSubSection id="B4F06548B118A138EBADFE9DE1C3FEE3" box="[151,425,332,358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC5536C3B118A138EBADFE9DE1C3FEE3" blockId="20.[151,425,332,358]" box="[151,425,332,358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<heading id="A71D81AFB118A138EBADFE9DE1C3FEE3" bold="true" box="[151,425,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138EBADFE9DE1C3FEE3" authority="Hewitt, 1935" authorityName="Hewitt" authorityYear="1935" box="[151,425,332,358]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="halli">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EBADFE9DE1C3FEE3" bold="true" box="[151,425,332,358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EBADFE9DE09AFEE3" bold="true" box="[151,240,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. halli</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EA3AFE9DE1CBFEE3" author="Hewitt" box="[256,417,332,358]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Hewitt, J. (1935) Some new forms of batrachians and reptiles from South Africa. Records of the Albany Museum, 4, 283 - 357." type="journal article" year="1935">Hewitt, 1935</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4F06548B118A138EBADFE43E196FE4A" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="FC5536C3B118A138EBADFE43E196FE4A" blockId="20.[151,1436,402,823]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EBADFE43E15AFE2E" bold="true" box="[151,304,402,427]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Western
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<collectingCountry id="84FD7653B118A138EA9AFE43E190FE2E" box="[416,506,402,427]" name="Lesotho" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Lesotho</collectingCountry>
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and adjacent southeastern Free State and Eastern Cape provinces,
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<collectingCountry id="84FD7653B118A138EE33FE43E5F6FE2E" box="[1289,1436,402,427]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EBA4FE66E1F8FE4A" author="Bates" box="[158,402,439,463]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Bates, M. F. & Bauer, A. M. (2014 a) Afroedura halli (Hewitt, 1935). In: Bates, M. F., Branch, W. R., Bauer, A. M., Burger, M., Marais, J., Alexander, G. J. & de Villiers, M. (Eds.), Atlas and Red List of the Reptiles of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Suricata, 1. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria, pp. 91 - 92." type="journal article" year="2014" yearSuffix="a">Bates & Bauer 2014a</bibRefCitation>
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) (
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<figureCitation id="64D12A46B118A138EA93FE67E184FE4A" box="[425,494,438,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1165,1187]" captionTargetBox="[181,1379,205,1164]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[172,1393,177,1165]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of southern Africa showing the approximate distributional ranges of previously described species of Afroedura. Red dots represent localities sampled for the genetic portion of the study. Ranges based on Branch (1998) and Bates et al. (2014) as well as unpublished data. Taxon names follow the conclusions of this paper. Area demarcated by a dashed line is presented in more detail in Figure 6." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250499/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4F06548B118A138EBFDFE0BE365FCB2" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="FC5536C3B118A138EBFDFE0BE365FCB2" blockId="20.[151,1436,402,823]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EBFDFE0BE151FE76" bold="true" box="[199,315,474,499]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Remarks.</emphasis>
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This species was previously considered a subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138E88AFE0AE444FE76" box="[944,1070,474,499]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karroica">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138E88AFE0AE444FE76" box="[944,1070,474,499]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. karroica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EF4EFE0BE540FE76" author="Loveridge" box="[1140,1322,474,499]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Loveridge, A. (1947) Revision of the African lizards of the Family Gekkonidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 98, 1 - 469, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Loveridge 1947</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EE0FFE0BE0B8FD92" author="Wermuth" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Wermuth, H. (1965) Liste der rezenten Amphibien und Reptilien, Gekkonidae, Pygopodidae, Xantusiidae. Das Tierreich, 80, xxii + 246 pp." type="book" year="1965">Wermuth 1965</bibRefCitation>
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; Branch
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EA0CFE2EE10DFD92" box="[310,359,510,535]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">et al</emphasis>
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. 1988;
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EA86FE2FE228FD92" author="Kluge" box="[444,578,510,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1991) Checklist of Gekkonid lizards. Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 85, 1 - 35. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 23317515.85.1" type="journal article" year="1991">Kluge 1991</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138E974FE2EE2EDFD92" author="Kluge" box="[590,647,511,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Kluge, A. G. (1993) Checklist of Gekkonid Lizards. International Gecko Society, San Diego, 245 pp." type="book" year="1993">1993</bibRefCitation>
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) but was elevated to specific status by
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EF05FE2EE4BBFD92" author="Bates" box="[1087,1233,510,535]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Bates, M. F. (1996) In search of the elusive flat geckos of the eastern Free State. Culna 51, 13 - 15." type="journal article" year="1996">Bates (1996)</bibRefCitation>
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, although without substantial discussion, and some later authors, especially outside of
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<collectingCountry id="84FD7653B118A138E88BFDF3E42DFDBE" box="[945,1095,546,571]" name="South Africa" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">South Africa</collectingCountry>
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, have continued to include it within
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138EBD0FD96E104FDDA" box="[234,366,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karroica">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138EBD0FD96E104FDDA" box="[234,366,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. karroica</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EA85FD97E221FDDA" author="Kluge" box="[447,587,582,607]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Kluge, A. G. (2001) Gekkotan lizard taxonomy. Hamadryad, 26, 1 - 209." type="journal article" year="2001">Kluge 2001</bibRefCitation>
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). One subspecies,
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138E813FD96E3AAFDDA" box="[809,960,582,607]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="karroica" subSpecies="wilmoti">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138E813FD96E3AAFDDA" box="[809,960,582,607]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. k. wilmoti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, has been variously recognized as valid (
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EBA4FDBBE10BFD06" author="FitzSimons" box="[158,353,618,643]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="FitzSimons, V. F. (1943) The lizards of South Africa. Memoirs of the Transvaal Museum, 1, i - xv + 1 - 528, + 24 pls + map." type="journal article" year="1943">FitzSimons 1943</bibRefCitation>
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) or not (
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EAFFFDBBE217FD06" author="Loveridge" box="[453,637,618,643]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Loveridge, A. (1947) Revision of the African lizards of the Family Gekkonidae. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 98, 1 - 469, pls. 1 - 7." type="journal article" year="1947">Loveridge 1947</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138E9B1FDBBE34AFD06" author="Branch" box="[651,800,618,643]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Branch, W. R. (1981) An annotated checklist of the lizards of the Cape Province, South Africa. Annals of the Cape Provincial Museums (Natural History), 13, 141 - 167." type="journal article" year="1981">Branch 1981</bibRefCitation>
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). Its status is under review (
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EF5AFDBAE536FD06" author="Bates" box="[1120,1372,618,643]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Bates, M. F. & Branch, W. R. (1998) Taxonomy and distribution of the Afroedura nivaria and A. karroica complexes (Sauria: Gekkonidae). Herpetological Association of Africa, Fifth Symposium, University of Stellenbosch, 14 - 16 September 1998, Programme and Abstracts. [2 unnumbered pages]" type="book chapter" year="1998">Bates & Branch 1998</bibRefCitation>
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). Our sampling included a single specimen resembling
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138E984FD5EE37AFD22" box="[702,784,654,679]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="halli">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138E984FD5EE37AFD22" box="[702,784,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. halli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that was deeply divergent from all other samples (
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<figureCitation id="64D12A46B118A138EE73FD5FE5E0FD22" box="[1353,1418,654,679]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="14.[151,250,1708,1730]" captionTargetBox="[161,1431,490,1674]" captionTargetId="figure@14.[147,1432,481,1677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 1. Maximum likelihood phylogram of Afroedura relationships derived from two genes (ND 2, RAG 1). Support values are presented as maximum likelihood bootstraps (MLBS) / Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP) / parsimony bootstraps (PBS). Only most closely related outgroup taxa are shown. Images (top to bottom) of representative Afroedura species groups: A. hawequensis, A. pondolia, A. karroica, A. loveridgei, A. haackei, A. marleyi, A. granitica sp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/250496/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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), supporting the findings of
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<bibRefCitation id="987B4B32B118A138EAF8FD63E2EBFD4E" author="Makhubo" box="[450,641,690,715]" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" refString="Makhubo, B. G. (2013) Phylogenetic and Morphological Analysis of the Afroedura nivaria (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) Species Complex in South Africa. Unpublished M. Sc. Thesis, University of Stellenbosch, xiii + 106 pp." type="book" year="2013">Makhubo (2013)</bibRefCitation>
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, who found multiple divergent clades within the species. Although the distinctiveness of this specimen in our two-gene analysis may be artificially high due to the absence of RAG1 sequence (Table 2), the>20% ND2 divergence from typical
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<taxonomicName id="3BEA4D40B118A138E80EFD2AE3ECFC96" box="[820,902,762,787]" class="Reptilia" family="Gekkonidae" genus="Afroedura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="20" pageNumber="471" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="halli">
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<emphasis id="CE9EEAD1B118A138E80EFD2AE3ECFC96" box="[820,902,762,787]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="471">A. halli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, which vary among themselves by 0.20–3.02%, supports the view that this represents a different species.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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