348 lines
49 KiB
XML
348 lines
49 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="1DD0BB3A8EC3C2FCC8DA5D89B81B4CB0">Spionidae (Annelida) from Lizard Island, Great Barrier Reef, Australia: the genera Aonides, Dipolydora, Polydorella, Prionospio, Pseudopolydora, Rhynchospio, and Tripolydora</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFF4AA1A6199FFF04" ID-CoL="84SNR" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,495,152,178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA1A6196BFF04" bold="true" box="[151,283,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFEFFA1A6199FFF04" author="Malmgren" box="[290,495,152,178]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFE2BA1A61A00FF04" bold="true" box="[502,624,152,178]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE2BA1A61A4BFF04" box="[502,571,152,178]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
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lato
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</emphasis>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD0FFAFFF4AA1E01B29FE8E" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF4AA1E01DE4FF43" blockId="13.[151,1428,222,245]" box="[151,1428,222,245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFF4AA1E0198EFF43" ID-CoL="84SNR" authority="Malmgren, 1867: 201" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityPageNumber="201" authorityYear="1867" box="[151,510,222,245]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA1E0197EFF43" box="[151,270,222,245]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD0FFAFFEC9A1E0198EFF43" author="Malmgren" box="[276,510,222,245]" page="201" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" year="1867">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFEC9A1E019B9FF43" author="Malmgren" box="[276,457,222,245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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: 201
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD0FFAFFDD4A1E01B4DFF43" author="Blake" box="[521,829,222,245]" page="211" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" year="1978">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFDD4A1E01B7BFF43" author="Blake" box="[521,779,222,245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake & Kudenov 1978</bibRefCitation>
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: 211
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</treatmentCitation>
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–212;
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD0FFAFFC5DA1E01C29FF43" author="Maciolek" box="[896,1113,222,245]" page="329" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" year="1985">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFC5DA1E01C54FF43" author="Maciolek" box="[896,1060,222,245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1985) A revision of the genus Prionospio Malmgren, with special emphasis on species from the Atlantic Ocean, and new records of species belonging to the genera Apoprionospio Foster and Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta, Annelida, Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 325 - 383. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1985. tb 01804. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Maciolek 1985</bibRefCitation>
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: 329
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</treatmentCitation>
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, 332;
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<treatmentCitation id="57594030FFD0FFAFFB47A1E01D28FF43" author="Wilson" box="[1178,1368,222,245]" page="245" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" year="1990">
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFB47A1E01D55FF43" author="Wilson" box="[1178,1317,222,245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Wilson, R. S. (1990) Prionospio and Paraprionospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Southern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 50, 243 - 274." type="journal article" year="1990">Wilson 1990</bibRefCitation>
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: 245
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</treatmentCitation>
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–246.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF4AA01C1B29FE8E" blockId="13.[151,857,290,312]" box="[151,857,290,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA01C1955FE8E" bold="true" box="[151,293,290,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Type-species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFEF6A01D1AB3FE8E" ID-CoL="77WDF" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[299,707,290,312]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFEF6A01D1A61FE8E" box="[299,529,291,312]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio steenstrupi</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFDC5A01C1AB3FE8E" author="Malmgren" box="[536,707,290,312]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, by monotypy.
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD0FFAFFF4AA05B1C2EF83C" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF4AA05B1C18FD28" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA05B197BFEC8" bold="true" box="[151,267,357,382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFEC9A0581A26FEC8" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[276,598,357,382]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFEC9A05819E0FECB" box="[276,400,358,381]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFE47A05B1A26FEC8" author="Malmgren" box="[410,598,357,382]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and closely related spionids constitute the most diverse and complicated group within the
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||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE80A0B719A1FE14" box="[349,465,393,418]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Spionidae</taxonomicName>
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. The group currently comprises more than one hundred species occurring worldwide from the intertidal to deep sea. Historically treated together and referred to as a generic
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<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFBA9A0901C81FE73" box="[1140,1265,430,453]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFBA9A0901C81FE73" box="[1140,1265,430,453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex, for a long time the genus was not explicitly defined and no single character or group of characters was suggested to support its monophyly. Systematic treatments of the complex were overviewed by
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFB5EA0C81D55FDB8" author="Foster" box="[1155,1317,502,526]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster (1971)</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFAEAA0CB1926FD87" author="Blake" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Blake, J. A. & Kudenov, J. D. (1978) The Spionidae (Polychaeta) from southeastern Australia and adjacent areas with a revision of the genera. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria, 39, 171 - 280." type="journal article" year="1978">Blake & Kudenov (1978)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFEBBA3271A59FD84" author="Maciolek" box="[358,553,537,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1985) A revision of the genus Prionospio Malmgren, with special emphasis on species from the Atlantic Ocean, and new records of species belonging to the genera Apoprionospio Foster and Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta, Annelida, Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 325 - 383. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1985. tb 01804. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Maciolek (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFDE4A3271A91FD87" author="Wilson" box="[569,737,537,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Wilson, R. S. (1990) Prionospio and Paraprionospio (Polychaeta: Spionidae) from Southern Australia. Memoirs of Museum Victoria, 50, 243 - 274." type="journal article" year="1990">Wilson (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFD2FA3271BFCFD84" author="Blake" box="[754,908,537,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Blake, J. A. (1996) Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. Including a review of the genera and species from California and a revision of the genus Polydora Bosc, 1802. In: Blake, J. A., Hilbig, B. & Scott, P. H. (Eds.), Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. Vol. 6. The Annelida Part 3 - Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California, pp. 81 - 223." type="book chapter" year="1996">Blake (1996)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFC0DA3271CB9FD87" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[976,1225,537,562]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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. Different generic breakdowns of the complex were suggested by various authors based on different suits of external morphological characteristics of adults and ideas about their weight for taxonomy. All those groupings were considered artificial, convenient for identification purposes rather than reflecting phylogenetic relationships.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF1AA3971883FC2F" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
Sigvaldadóttir
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFEADA39419D4FD74" box="[368,420,681,706]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (1997) and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFDE2A3971B43FD74" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[575,819,681,706]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998)</bibRefCitation>
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||
provided the first attempts to elucidate phylogenetic relationships within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE63A3F01A4AFD53" box="[446,570,718,741]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFE63A3F01A4AFD53" box="[446,570,718,741]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
complex with explicit cladistic methodology. The analyses resulted in essentially different hypotheses and, as it was concluded by
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFC9AA3CF1C03FCBC" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[839,1139,753,778]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998: 185)</bibRefCitation>
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||
herself, were based on “a too small number of characters to obtain reliable estimates”. Preliminary phylogenies of spioniform polychaetes shown by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFED6A2071AE8FCE4" author="Blake" box="[267,664,825,850]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Blake, J. A. & Arnofsky, P. L. (1999) Reproduction and larval development of the spioniform Polychaeta with application to systematics and phylogeny. Hydrobiologia, 402, 57 - 106. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1023 / A: 1003784324125" type="journal article" year="1999">Blake & Arnofsky (1999: fig. 13C)</bibRefCitation>
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||
suggested
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFCC8A2041BE1FCE7" box="[789,913,826,849]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFCC8A2041BE1FCE7" box="[789,913,826,849]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex as a monophyletic group comprising
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFF4AA2601963FCC3" box="[151,275,862,885]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA2601963FCC3" box="[151,275,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFEFCA2601A0FFCC0" authority="Caullery, 1914" authorityName="Caullery" authorityYear="1914" box="[289,639,861,886]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Paraprionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFEFCA26019A2FCC3" box="[289,466,862,885]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Paraprionospio</emphasis>
|
||
Caullery, 1914
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFD65A2631BABFCC0" authority="Webster, 1879" authorityName="Webster" authorityYear="1879" box="[696,987,861,886]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Streblospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFD65A2631B46FCC0" box="[696,822,861,886]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Streblospio</emphasis>
|
||
Webster, 1879
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but no single character was noted for its support.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF1AA29B1BB3FA00" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
The generic analysis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFE32A29B1A95FC08" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[495,741,933,958]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested monophyly of the group containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFAC2A2981923FC54" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFAC2A2981DEBFC0B" box="[1311,1435,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFF4AA2F71923FC54" author="Malmgren" box="[151,339,969,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFE81A2F4199BFC57" box="[348,491,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE81A2F419EAFC57" box="[348,410,970,993]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
|
||
stricto
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE27A2F41A8CFC54" authority="Foster, 1971" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="1971" box="[506,764,970,994]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Minuspio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFE27A2F41A14FC57" box="[506,612,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Minuspio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFDB0A2F41A8CFC54" author="Foster" box="[621,764,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFCD4A2F71C6AFC54" authority="Foster, 1971" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="1971" box="[777,1050,969,994]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Aquilaspio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFCD4A2F71BF2FC54" box="[777,898,969,994]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Aquilaspio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFC51A2F41C6AFC54" author="Foster" box="[908,1050,970,994]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFB84A2F41DE8FC54" authority="Foster, 1969" authorityName="Foster" authorityYear="1969" box="[1113,1432,969,994]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Apoprionospio" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFB84A2F41D70FC57" box="[1113,1280,970,993]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Apoprionospio</emphasis>
|
||
Foster, 1969
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More than 80 valid species of these taxa were referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFCEAA2D01C0BFBB0" authority="Malmgren, 1867" authorityName="Malmgren" authorityYear="1867" box="[823,1147,1005,1030]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFCEAA2D01BC3FBB3" box="[823,947,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFC60A2D31C0BFBB0" author="Malmgren" box="[957,1147,1005,1030]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Malmgren, A. J. (1867) Annulata polychaeta Spetsbergiae, Gronlandiae, Islandiae et Scandinaviae hactenus cognita. Ofversigt af Kongl. Vetenskaps-akademiens forhandlingar Stockholm, 24, 127 - 235." type="journal article" year="1867">Malmgren, 1867</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFB59A2D01C88FBB0" box="[1156,1272,1005,1030]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFB59A2D01CB2FBB3" box="[1156,1218,1006,1029]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sensu">sensu</taxonomicName>
|
||
lato
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
which further generic division based on branchial form was suggested to be avoided. Ultimately,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFBB6A52F1DECFB9C" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[1131,1436,1041,1066]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998: 185)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
concluded that future study of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFE22A5081A0BFBFB" box="[511,635,1078,1101]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFE22A5081A0BFBFB" box="[511,635,1078,1101]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“should endeavor to identifying natural groups rather than disputing Linnean ranking of taxa”. Being in agreement with this conclusion, I suggest that in the absence of phylogenetic analyses of broader suits of diverse characters, it is useful to revise various groups of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFB69A5401D41FB23" box="[1204,1329,1150,1173]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFB69A5401D41FB23" box="[1204,1329,1150,1173]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex based at least on their superficial similarities, not necessarily following subgeneric categories established by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFA8BA59C1891FB68" author="Foster" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and subsequently modified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFD8BA5FB1B6AFB68" author="Maciolek" box="[598,794,1221,1246]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1985) A revision of the genus Prionospio Malmgren, with special emphasis on species from the Atlantic Ocean, and new records of species belonging to the genera Apoprionospio Foster and Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta, Annelida, Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 325 - 383. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1985. tb 01804. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Maciolek (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Description of additional characters including internal anatomy and reproductive characteristics, and taxonomic revisions of certain groups of species with keys to their identification would clarify the diversity and composition of the complex in total. Good examples of those revisions are by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFE8DA40F1AA5FAFC" author="Hylleberg" box="[336,725,1329,1354]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Hylleberg, J. & Nateewathana, A. (1991) Polychaetes of Thailand. Spionidae (Part 1); Prionospio of the steenstrupi group with description of eight new species from the Andaman Sea. Phuket Marine Biological Center Research Bulletin, 55, 1 - 32." type="journal article" year="1991">Hylleberg & Nateewathana (1991)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFCF8A40C1BD1FAFF" box="[805,929,1330,1353]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFCF8A40C1BD1FAFF" box="[805,929,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with both pinnate and apinnate branchiae on chaetigers 2–5 from the Andaman Sea,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFD8BA46B1B39FAD8" author="Dagli" box="[598,841,1365,1390]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Dagli, E. & Cinar, M. E. (2011) Species of the subgenus Minuspio (Polychaeta: Spionidae: Prionospio) from the southern coast of Turkey (Levantine Sea, eastern Mediterranean), with the description of two new species. Zootaxa, 3043, 35 - 53." type="journal article" year="2011">Dagli & Çinar (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFC47A4681C66FADB" box="[922,1046,1366,1389]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFC47A4681C66FADB" box="[922,1046,1366,1389]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with only apinnate branchiae, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFF4AA447190DFA24" author="Delgado-Blas" box="[151,381,1401,1426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Delgado-Blas, V. H. (2014) Redescriptions and reestablishments of some species belonging to the genus Prionospio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) and descriptions of three new species. Helgoland Marine Research, 68, 113 - 132. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 10152 - 013 - 0372 - 1" type="journal article" year="2014">Delgado-Blas (2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFE57A44719B4FA24" author="Delgado-Blas" box="[394,452,1401,1426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Delgado-Blas, V. H. (2015) Prionospio (Polychaeta, Spionidae) from the Grand Caribbean Region, with the descriptions of five new species and a key to species recorded in the area. Zootaxa, 3905 (1), 69 - 90. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3905.1.4" type="journal article" year="2015">2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFDC2A4441AEBFA27" box="[543,667,1402,1425]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFDC2A4441AEBFA27" box="[543,667,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with five pairs of branchiae, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFBC2A4441CEBFA27" box="[1055,1179,1402,1425]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFBC2A4441CEBFA27" box="[1055,1179,1402,1425]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with both pinnate and apinnate branchiae on chaetigers 2–5 from the Grand Caribbean Region.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF1AA4FF1CACF9F3" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
The two characters in support of
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFDB6A4FC1B00FA6C" box="[619,880,1473,1498]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFDB6A4FC1B45FA6F" box="[619,821,1474,1497]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Prionospio
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD0FFAFFD2AA4FC1B45FA6F" box="[759,821,1474,1497]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lato
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in the analysis by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFBB6A4FF1D15FA6C" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[1131,1381,1473,1498]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. (1998) Cladistic analysis and classification of Prionospio and related genera (Polychaeta, Spionidae). Zoologica Scripta, 27, 175 - 187. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1998. tb 00435. x" type="journal article" year="1998">Sigvaldadóttir (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the neuropodial lamellae of segment 2 pointed ventrally, and neuropodial hooks starting at segments 14–19, appear rather ambiguous. Nevertheless, this grouping is used in the present study, the subgenera are dispensed, and corresponding species from around the Lizard
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD0FFAFFD7CA7131A95F9F0" box="[673,741,1581,1606]" name="Iceland" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Group are referred to
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFC3CA7101CA4F9F0" box="[993,1236,1581,1606]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFC3CA7101CD2F9F3" box="[993,1186,1582,1605]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="sensu">
|
||
Prionospio
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD0FFAFFBB9A7101CD2F9F3" box="[1124,1186,1582,1605]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" sensu="lato">sensu</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lato
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF1AA76C1AB9F960" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFF1AA76C192FF9DC" author="Foster" box="[199,351,1618,1642]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Foster, N. M. (1971) Spionidae (Polychaeta) of the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands, 36, 1 - 183." type="journal article" year="1971">Foster (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clarified the terms “dorsal crest” and “dorsal fold” with regard to structures between notopodial postchaetal lamellae on the dorsal side of segments, and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFCEBA74B1B85F938" author="Maciolek" box="[822,1013,1653,1678]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Maciolek, N. J. (1985) A revision of the genus Prionospio Malmgren, with special emphasis on species from the Atlantic Ocean, and new records of species belonging to the genera Apoprionospio Foster and Paraprionospio Caullery (Polychaeta, Annelida, Spionidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 84, 325 - 383. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1985. tb 01804. x" type="journal article" year="1985">Maciolek (1985)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
clarified the terms used to describe branchial appearance (pinnate vs. apinnate) and shape of the pinnae (pinnules; digitiform vs. plate-like) on their surface. These terms are used in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD0FFAFFF1AA7DF1C2EF83C" blockId="13.[151,1437,357,1930]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B2691BD0FFD0FFAFFF1AA7DF1A39F94C" author="Sigvaldadottir" box="[199,585,1761,1786]" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" refString="Sigvaldadottir, E. & Mackie, A. S. Y. (1993) Prionospio steenstrupi, P. fallax and P. dubia (Polychaeta, Spionidae): reevaluation of identity and status. Sarsia, 78, 203 - 219." type="journal article" year="1993">Sigvaldadóttir & Mackie (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
highlighted the importance of investigating size-related variability of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD0FFAFFF4AA6381963F8AB" box="[151,275,1798,1821]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="13" pageNumber="648" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD0FFAFFF4AA6381963F8AB" box="[151,275,1798,1821]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="648">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
worms, and this importance is stressed again in the present study. Many crucial taxonomic characters, such as dentition of hooks, arrangement of hooks, sabre chaetae and branchiae, and the presence of pinnae on branchiae, are shown to modify during individual ontogenesis. Correct identification of certain stages is therefore problematic or even impossible without knowledge of the entire transformation series.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9EE235AAFFD3FFACFF4AA1A51DECFA8E" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" type="key">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD3FFACFF4AA1A519EDFCF5" blockId="14.[151,814,151,181]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,225,1336]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFF4AA1A51B5EFF13" bold="true" box="[151,814,151,181]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">
|
||
Key to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFF2DA1A51904FF03" ID-CoL="84SNR" box="[240,372,155,181]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFF2DA1A51904FF03" bold="true" box="[240,372,155,181]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">Prionospio</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from around Lizard
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AEEF26B1FFD3FFACFDA3A1A51ABCFF03" box="[638,716,155,181]" name="Iceland" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">Island</collectingCountry>
|
||
Group1
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1. Prostomium with two long pointed fronto-lateral horns. Median eyes small. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 1 with lower part elongated and directed ventrally. Branchiae smooth on chaetigers 2–4, pinnate on chaetiger 5. Hooded hooks in notopodia from chaetigers 12–30, in neuropodia from chaetigers 10–15. Ventral inferior chaetae capillaries throughout body; sabre chaetae absent. Dorsal crests absent....................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFB27A0071D12FEF8" ID-CoL="4MG9R" box="[1274,1378,313,334]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cerastae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFB27A0071D12FEF8" box="[1274,1378,313,334]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. cerastae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD3FFACFAB5A0071DECFEF8" box="[1384,1436,313,334]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
– Prostomium anteriorly rounded, without horns. Neuropodial postchaetal lamellae of chaetiger 1 small, not elongated ventrally. Sabre chaetae present in neuropodia (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFCD4A04A1B15FE3F" ID-CoL="4MG9F" box="[777,869,372,393]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="anneae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFCD4A04A1B15FE3F" box="[777,869,372,393]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. anneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD3FFACFCB1A04A1BD0FE3F" box="[876,928,372,393]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
)........................................ 2 2. (1) Three to four pairs of branchiae from chaetiger 2, at least one pair pinnate..................................... 3 – Up to 8 pairs of branchiae from chaetiger 2, all apinnate...........................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAF7A0901DECFE75" ID-CoL="4MGCF" box="[1322,1436,430,451]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tatura">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAF7A0901D4DFE75" box="[1322,1341,430,451]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFABCA0901DECFE75" box="[1377,1436,430,451]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">tatura</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
3. (2) Three to four pairs of branchiae, all pinnate.............................................................. 4 – Four pairs of pinnate and apinnate branchiae............................................................. 5 4. (3) Three pairs of pinnate branchiae on chaetigers 2–4 2. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 1. Median eyes small. Chaetiger 1 without notochaetae. Dorsal crests absent. Hooks in notopodia from chaetigers 25–38, in neuropodia from chaetigers 16–21. Sabre chaetae from chaetiger 10............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAD3A37D1DEBFDEE" ID-CoL="4MG9H" box="[1294,1435,579,600]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aucklandica">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAD3A37D1DEBFDEE" box="[1294,1435,579,600]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. aucklandica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Four pairs of pinnate branchiae on chaetigers 2–5. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 3. Median eyes large. Chaetiger 1 with notochaetae. Dorsal crests present from chaetiger 6 at least on ten succeeding chaetigers. Sabre chaetae after chaetiger 10.....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAD1A3A21DECFD07" ID-CoL="4MGCH" box="[1292,1436,668,689]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tetelensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAD1A3A21D6FFD07" box="[1292,1311,668,689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFA9EA3A21DECFD07" box="[1347,1436,668,689]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">tetelensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
5. (3) Branchiae with pinnae on chaetigers 2 and 5, apinnate on chaetigers 3 and 4............
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFBADA3871D3AFD78" ID-CoL="77WDF" box="[1136,1354,697,718]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="steenstrupi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFBADA3871D3AFD78" box="[1136,1354,697,718]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">Prionospio steenstrupi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group-7 – Pinnate and apinnate branchiae arranged otherwise........................................................ 6 6. (5) Sabre chaetae in neuropodia from chaetiger 11. Median eyes small. Branchiae apinnate on chaetigers 2–4, with many pinnae on chaetiger 5. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 1. Dorsal crest on chaetiger 7. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 19–
|
||
<specimenCount id="C0FEADA8FFD3FFACFA5EA22F1DECFC90" box="[1411,1436,785,806]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" type="generic">20</specimenCount>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFED5A21019EDFCF5" ID-CoL="4MGCM" box="[264,413,814,835]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="tridentata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFED5A2101968FCF5" box="[264,280,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFEE3A21019EDFCF5" box="[318,413,814,835]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">tridentata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D6476621FFD3FFACFF4AA2701DECFA8E" blockId="14.[151,1437,225,1336]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">
|
||
– Sabre chaetae in neuropodia from chaetiger 10. Median eyes large. Branchiae with few pinnae on chaetigers 2–4 3, apinnate on chaetiger 5. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 4. Prominent semicircular dorsal crest on chaetiger 7; low crests from chaetiger 8 to chaetigers 16–31. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 10–14........................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFB09A2B61DECFC2B" ID-CoL="4MGBL" box="[1236,1436,904,925]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="paucipinnulata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFB09A2B61C97FC2B" box="[1236,1255,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P.</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAD6A2B61DECFC2B" box="[1291,1436,904,925]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">paucipinnulata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
7. (5) Sabre chaetae absent in neuropodia. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 8–9. Moderate dorsal crest present on chaetiger 6...................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAD8A2FD1D11FC6E" ID-CoL="4MG9F" box="[1285,1377,963,984]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="anneae" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAD8A2FD1D11FC6E" box="[1285,1377,963,984]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. anneae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD3FFACFAB5A2FD1DECFC6E" box="[1384,1436,963,984]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
– Sabre chaetae in neuropodia from chaetiger 10. Hooks in neuropodia after chaetiger 9. Dorsal crest absent on chaetiger 68 8. (7) Caruncle to end of chaetiger 1. Median eyes large. Dorsal crest on chaetiger 7, no on succeeding chaetigers. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 11–12...............................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAFDA5251D12FB86" ID-CoL="6W8DC" box="[1312,1378,1051,1072]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="lylei" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAFDA5251D12FB86" box="[1312,1378,1051,1072]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. lylei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD3FFACFAB5A5251DECFB86" box="[1384,1436,1051,1072]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
– Caruncle extending beyond chaetiger 1. Median eyes small or large. Dorsal crests from chaetiger 7 on a series of succeeding chaetigers..................................................................................... 9 9. (8) Median eyes small. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 4. Low dorsal crests from chaetiger 7 on a series of succeeding chaetigers. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 12–14...................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFACAA5AE1D12FB13" ID-CoL="4MG9V" box="[1303,1378,1168,1189]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cooki" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFACAA5AE1D12FB13" box="[1303,1378,1168,1189]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. cooki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FFBF0748FFD3FFACFAB5A5AE1DECFB13" box="[1384,1436,1168,1189]" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
– Median eyes very large. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 2 or 3. Moderate dorsal crest on chaetiger 7 and low crests from chaetiger 8 on a series of succeeding chaetigers. Hooks in neuropodia from chaetigers 11–18......................... 10 10. (9) Eyes red in living and fixed specimens. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 2. Dorsal crests on chaetigers 7–24........
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFA89A5D61DECFB4B" ID-CoL="6VWDD" box="[1364,1436,1256,1277]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="kulin">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFA89A5D61DECFB4B" box="[1364,1436,1256,1277]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. kulin</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
– Eyes red in living but black in formalin-fixed specimens. Caruncle to end of chaetiger 3. Dorsal crests on chaetigers 7–30.....................................................................................
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11F81DA2FFD3FFACFAD4A41D1DECFA8E" ID-CoL="4MGB7" box="[1289,1436,1315,1336]" class="Polychaeta" family="Spionidae" genus="Prionospio" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spionida" pageId="14" pageNumber="649" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="multicristata">
|
||
<emphasis id="E48CBA33FFD3FFACFAD4A41D1DECFA8E" box="[1289,1436,1315,1336]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="649">P. multicristata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |