305 lines
39 KiB
XML
305 lines
39 KiB
XML
<document id="B26EA1BCA14B31C7FAD273134493946E" ID-CLB-Dataset="32618" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4299.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="043cd50d-f1b9-400f-8c6b-8ba62b24a72c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="835103" ID-ZooBank="38508C24-1594-43DF-84FA-EB7DB779C371" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1501087938908" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Kraus, Fred" docDate="2017" docId="9009D40C1277FFFEFF02FEE68C07FB8F" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4299.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4299 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Gerrhopilus lestes Kraus 2017, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="9A466494-5CC8-4F0C-A73D-84E2DD99E75C" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="6C30AC741279FFF1FF95FFAA8F23FFD7" masterDocTitle="New Species of Blindsnakes (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) from the offshore islands of Papua New Guinea" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="75" pageNumber="89" updateTime="1698465934296" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9D9FA8824D6C872C3D62B8A535B913A0">New Species of Blindsnakes (Squamata: Gerrhopilidae) from the offshore islands of Papua New Guinea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D6DB3F5B1645AB7CF393E51797CDD63B" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E0A2834DDA307C2E034347BA00219307">Kraus, Fred</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6E9BDB3FE156772D79E6112FA2A0C754">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="A05C835AB8E10464954C8A8E76E84596">
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<mods:date id="7C51A89AF42896D8365A970DD31A7316">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="F524F953920E29C6D69C7D5EC868C312">4299</mods:number>
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<mods:end id="67C59A403B2EAF573EEC497C630D7070">94</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="0A646F7698CEED20009E20BC09DA81DB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="5D285F135298A687C5A4F83295CE1D24" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4299.1.3</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="9009D40C1277FFFEFF02FEE68C07FB8F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6023904" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132583254" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6023904" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9A466494-5CC8-4F0C-A73D-84E2DD99E75C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/9009D40C1277FFFEFF02FEE68C07FB8F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<subSubSection id="50BA36911277FFFFFF02FEE68E3BFE51" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFFFF02FEE68EF4FEB1" blockId="14.[151,471,332,391]" box="[151,471,332,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<heading id="4357D2761277FFFFFF02FEE68EF4FEB1" bold="true" box="[151,471,332,358]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF02FEE68EF4FEB1" bold="true" box="[151,471,332,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFF02FEE68E51FEB1" authority="Kraus, 2017" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[151,370,332,358]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lestes" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF02FEE68E51FEB1" bold="true" box="[151,370,332,358]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus lestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="31E704731277FFFFFEECFEE68EF4FEB1" box="[377,471,332,358]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFFFF02FEC48E3BFE51" blockId="14.[151,471,332,391]" box="[151,280,366,391]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<figureCitation id="809B799F1277FFFFFF02FEC48FC0FE50" box="[151,227,366,391]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,228,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus persephone holotype (UMMZ 242536); dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus lestes holotype (BPBM 11904) showing the collar of dark color across the head. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835109/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
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C, D
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="50BA36911277FFFFFF02FE1C8C7CFDC0" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFFFF02FE1C8C7CFDC0" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<materialsCitation id="A8C86F471277FFFFFF02FE1C8C7CFDC0" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1580520919" collectingDate="1994-01-18" collectionCode="BPBM" collectorName="Sex & A. Allison" country="Papua New Guinea" elevation="240" latitude="-4.5035" location="Weitin River Valley" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="152.9374" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" specimenCode="BPBM 11904" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="New Ireland" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
<typeStatus id="C71BDBB81277FFFFFF02FE1C8E27FE18" box="[151,260,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">
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||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF02FE1C8E27FE18" bold="true" box="[151,260,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Holotype</emphasis>
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||
</typeStatus>
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||
.
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<collectorName id="B55500CC1277FFFFFE86FE1D8E1EFE18" box="[275,317,439,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Sex</collectorName>
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||
unknown (specimen undissected),
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||
<specimenCode id="4806CD611277FFFFFD5FFE1D8C46FE18" box="[714,869,439,463]" collectionCode="BPBM" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<collectionCode id="7EB1FDDF1277FFFFFD5FFE1D8C3BFE19" box="[714,792,439,462]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">BPBM</collectionCode>
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11904
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</specimenCode>
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(field number AA14090), collected by
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<collectorName id="B55500CC1277FFFFFAB2FE1D8ABEFE18" box="[1319,1437,438,463]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">A. Allison</collectorName>
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on
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<collectingDate id="7C5ABA321277FFFFFF2EFE718E55FE24" box="[187,374,475,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" value="1994-01-18">
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<date id="6C1E43DA1277FFFFFF2EFE718E55FE24" box="[187,374,475,499]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" value="1994-01-18">
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18 January
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<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFEABFE718E55FE24" box="[318,374,475,499]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.06476" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="1994.0">1994</quantity>
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||
</date>
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</collectingDate>
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in
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<location id="1D7F33C11277FFFFFE09FE708D5EFE24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:9009D40C1277FFFEFF02FEE68C07FB8F:1D7F33C11277FFFFFE09FE708D5EFE24" box="[412,637,474,499]" country="Papua New Guinea" latitude="-4.5035" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="152.9374" name="Weitin River Valley" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" stateProvince="New Ireland">Weitin River Valley</location>
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,
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<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFD1CFE718DF2FE24" box="[649,721,474,499]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="km" value="13.0">13 km</quantity>
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N,
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<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFD69FE708C7AFE24" box="[764,857,474,499]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="km" value="10.5">10.5 km</quantity>
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W of river mouth (
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<geoCoordinate id="7D9403DD1277FFFFFBA2FE708B89FE24" box="[1079,1194,474,499]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" precision="5" value="-4.5035">4.5035° S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="7D9403DD1277FFFFFB2DFE708A64FE25" box="[1208,1351,474,499]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" precision="5" value="152.9374">152.9374° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<elevation id="938D82291277FFFFFAC1FE718FE8FDC0" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="240.0">
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<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFAC1FE718ABFFE25" box="[1364,1436,475,499]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="240.0">240 m</quantity>
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a.s.l.
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</elevation>
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),
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<collectingRegion id="DA64ABF81277FFFFFF77FE558E53FDC0" box="[226,368,510,535]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="DA64ABF81277FFFFFEEEFE558D56FDC0" box="[379,629,510,535]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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||
<collectingRegion id="DA64ABF81277FFFFFEEEFE558D25FDC0" box="[379,518,510,535]" inferredBySuffix="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">New Ireland</collectingRegion>
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Province
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</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="60B7258A1277FFFFFDEAFE558C78FDC0" box="[639,859,510,535]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
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||
.
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</materialsCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="50BA36911277FFFFFF52FD888C1BFAA0" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFFFF52FD888BB3FCA8" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF52FD888E62FDEC" bold="true" box="[199,321,546,571]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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This species belongs to
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFDF6FD888DCFFDEC" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[611,748,546,571]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFDF6FD888DCFFDEC" box="[611,748,546,571]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on the presence of head glands in the centers of the anterior head shields in addition to their anterior margins (
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<bibRefCitation id="7C3118EB1277FFFFFC8BFDEC8CFAFD88" author="McDowell" box="[798,985,582,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" refString="McDowell, S. B. (1974) A catalogue of the snakes of New Guinea and the Solomons, with special reference to those in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Part I. Scolecophidia. Journal of Herpetology, 8, 1 - 57." type="journal article" year="1974">McDowell 1974</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="7C3118EB1277FFFFFC71FDEC8BB3FD88" author="Wallach" box="[996,1168,582,607]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" refString="Wallach, V. (1996 b) Two new blind snakes of the Typhlops ater species group from Papua New Guinea (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 3, 107 - 118." type="journal article" year="1996" yearSuffix="b">Wallach 1996b</bibRefCitation>
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). A relatively robust (L/ M = 76) species of
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFE1FFDC08D31FD54" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[394,530,618,643]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFE1FFDC08D31FD54" box="[394,530,618,643]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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having the unique combination of head glands dispersed among the rostral, superior nasal, preocular, ocular, and supraocular scales but absent from the frontal, prefrontal, and all supralabials, a rostrate snout with a transverse keel on the ventral margin of the rostral that lies dorsal to the rictus, angle of preoral snout in lateral aspect inclined at an approximately 10° angle from the horizontal, distinct pupil in the eye, longitudinal scale rows 26/24/20, transverse scale rows posterior to the rostral 722, supralabial imbrication pattern T-V, subocular scale one, presubocular scale absent, subcaudal scales 25, L/W ratio 55, and an unpigmented rostral followed sequentially by dark-brown head scales and then paler-brown body scales, giving the face a masked appearance. Refer to
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<tableCitation id="552250A11277FFFFFE10FCCC8EF4FCA8" box="[389,471,870,895]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="8.[119,197,488,507]" captionText="TABLE 1. Variation in qualitative anđ quantitative attributes among specimens of Gerrhopilus treateđ in this paper. Length measurements are given in millimeters. SVA = supraocular when vieweđ from above." pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Table 1</tableCitation>
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for additional diagnostic qualitative and quantitative features.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFFFF52FC208C1BFAA0" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF52FC208D71FC74" bold="true" box="[199,594,906,931]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Comparisons with other species.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFDC9FC208C0EFC74" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[604,813,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lestes">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFDC9FC208C0EFC74" box="[604,813,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus lestes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may be distinguished from all other members of this genus except
|
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFEBBFC058E8EFC10" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[302,429,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="addisoni">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFEBBFC058E8EFC10" box="[302,429,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. addisoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFE2FFC058D45FC10" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[442,614,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressiceps">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFE2FFC058D45FC10" box="[442,614,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. depressiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFDE1FC058DD1FC10" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[628,754,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurydice">
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||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFDE1FC058DD1FC10" box="[628,754,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. eurydice</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFC95FC058CB2FC10" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[768,913,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdowelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFC95FC058CB2FC10" box="[768,913,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. mcdowelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFC58FC058B4EFC10" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[973,1133,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFC58FC058B4EFC10" box="[973,1133,942,967]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in having a transverse keel on the ventral margin of the rostral, which gives the snout a beaked appearance in lateral aspect, and in having a posterior reduction of longitudinal scale rows from head to vent. It may be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFB65FC5D8A51FBD8" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[1264,1394,1014,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="addisoni">
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<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFB65FC5D8A51FBD8" box="[1264,1394,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. addisoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
,
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||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFA11FC5D8E06FBE4" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressiceps">
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||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFA11FC5D8E06FBE4" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. depressiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFEFCFBB18ECBFBE4" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[361,488,1050,1075]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurydice">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFEFCFBB18ECBFBE4" box="[361,488,1050,1075]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. eurydice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having 26 scale rows around the body just posterior to the head (vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFAABFBB18A59FBE4" box="[1342,1402,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="24.0">24 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFA11FBB18FD4FB80" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="addisoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFA11FBB18FD4FB80" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. addisoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFE9DFB958E9BFB80" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[264,440,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="depressiceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFE9DFB958E9BFB80" box="[264,440,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. depressiceps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFE6EFB958D59FB80" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[507,634,1086,1111]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eurydice">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFE6EFB958D59FB80" box="[507,634,1086,1111]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. eurydice</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and having the snout angled at a ca. 10° angle from the horizontal, leaving the ventral keel of the rostral superior to the rictus.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFCBCFBC88CD5FBAC" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[809,1014,1122,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lestes">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFCBCFBC88CD5FBAC" box="[809,1014,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus lestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFB1CFBC98A39FBAC" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[1161,1306,1122,1147]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdowelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFB1CFBC98A39FBAC" box="[1161,1306,1122,1147]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. mcdowelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in having a much greater number of mid-dorsal scale rows (722 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFCB6FB2C8C86FB48" box="[803,933,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.13665" metricValueMax="1.1785599999999998" metricValueMin="1.09474" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="447.5" valueMax="464.0" valueMin="431.0">431–464 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFC3BFB2D8B60FB48" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[942,1091,1158,1183]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdowelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFC3BFB2D8B60FB48" box="[942,1091,1158,1183]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. mcdowelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the rostral keel pointing directly downward (vs. pointing anteroventrally in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFD46FB018C47FB14" authorityName="Wallach" authorityYear="1996" box="[723,868,1194,1219]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mcdowelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFD46FB018C47FB14" box="[723,868,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. mcdowelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
); and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFC7CFB018BAAFB14" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[1001,1161,1194,1219]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFC7CFB018BAAFB14" box="[1001,1161,1194,1219]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its stouter habitus (L/ W = 55 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFE88FB658E74FB30" box="[285,343,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0827999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="82.0">82 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFECBFB658EDCFB30" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[350,511,1230,1255]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFECBFB658EDCFB30" box="[350,511,1230,1255]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), lesser inclination of the pre-oral snout from the horizontal (ca. 10° angle vs. ca. 25° angle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFEB0FB598EE6FADC" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[293,453,1266,1291]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFEB0FB598EE6FADC" box="[293,453,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), relatively smaller eye (L/E = 745 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFCE9FB588CE0FADC" box="[892,963,1266,1291]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.43256" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="564.0">564 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFC5FFB598B4AFADC" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[970,1129,1266,1291]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFC5FFB598B4AFADC" box="[970,1129,1266,1291]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and relatively longer preoral snout (PSN/SNW = 0.68 vs.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFD88FABD8D4DFAF8" box="[541,622,1302,1327]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1176" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="in" value="0.44">0.44 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFDEDFABD8C38FAF8" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[632,795,1302,1327]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="persephone">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFDEDFABD8C38FAF8" box="[632,795,1302,1327]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. persephone</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The color pattern of an unpigmented rostral followed sequentially by dark-brown head scales and then paler-brown body scales immediately distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFA97FA918A7DFA84" authorityName="Kraus" authorityYear="2017" box="[1282,1374,1338,1363]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lestes">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFA97FA918A7DFA84" box="[1282,1374,1338,1363]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">G. lestes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DFA01E991277FFFFFF6FFAF48EA1FAA0" authorityName="Fitzinger" authorityYear="1843" box="[250,386,1374,1399]" class="Reptilia" family="Gerrhopilidae" genus="Gerrhopilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF6FFAF48EA1FAA0" box="[250,386,1374,1399]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Gerrhopilus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species with a ventrally keeled rostral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50BA36911277FFFEFF52FA288B54FC1F" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1277FFFEFF52FA288EC3FEB2" blockId="14.[151,1437,438,2011]" lastBlockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081277FFFFFF52FA288D33FA4D" bold="true" box="[199,528,1410,1435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C71BDBB81277FFFFFE37FA288D2AFA4C" box="[418,521,1410,1435]" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Sex unknown; specimen undissected. L =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFC7BFA298B6EFA4D" box="[1006,1101,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.98" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="298.0">298 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SVL =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFB3EFA298A29FA4D" box="[1195,1290,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8899999999999997" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="289.0">289 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TL =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFAC0FA298ABBFA4D" box="[1365,1432,1411,1435]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, HW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFF76FA0C8E18FA69" box="[227,315,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.6">3.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
, NW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFE07FA0D8EC9FA69" box="[402,490,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SN =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFDA3FA0D8DADFA69" box="[566,654,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, SW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFD75FA0D8C1BFA69" box="[736,824,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.9">1.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
, PSN =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFC01FA0D8CCFFA69" box="[916,1004,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, RW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFBD5FA0C8B85FA69" box="[1088,1190,1446,1471]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.60 mm</quantity>
|
||
, EW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFB6FFA0D8A43FA69" box="[1274,1376,1447,1471]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="0.4">0.40 mm</quantity>
|
||
, W =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFF02FA608FCCFA35" box="[151,239,1482,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="5.4">5.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, VW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFED3FA618EBDFA35" box="[326,414,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="4.1">4.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
, TW =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFE66FA618D68FA35" box="[499,587,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, L/W 55, M =
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1277FFFFFD64FA618C0AFA34" box="[753,809,1483,1507]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="kg" metricValue="3.9" pageId="14" pageNumber="89" unit="g" value="3.9">3.9 g</quantity>
|
||
(in preservative). Snout acutely rounded in dorsal view, rounded but with ventrally directed transverse keel in lateral view, giving rostral a beaked appearance; keel deepest medially, keratinized. Pre-oral snout inclined at 10° angle from horizontal; keel lying dorsal to rictus. Rostral large (0.44 head width), oval in shape but with dorsal sides largely parallel, posterior border extending two-thirds of distance between eye and naris, posterior margin convex; ventral surface papillose, with parallel sides, slightly concave behind keel. Nasals separated dorsally by prefrontal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="809B799F1277FFFFFCC3F9D48CBAF940" box="[854,921,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,228,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus persephone holotype (UMMZ 242536); dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus lestes holotype (BPBM 11904) showing the collar of dark color across the head. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835109/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C); superior nasal large, with slightly sinuous posterior margin, crescentic dorsally, acutely rounded ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="809B799F1277FFFFFCFEF9088C8EF96C" box="[875,941,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,228,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus persephone holotype (UMMZ 242536); dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus lestes holotype (BPBM 11904) showing the collar of dark color across the head. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835109/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="89">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
D). External naris compressed, oval shaped, oriented obliquely, close to rostral; superior nasal suture complete, extending horizontally from naris to rostral; inferior nasal suture complete, contacting second supralabial posterior to latter’s contact with first supralabial. Prefrontal, frontal, and interparietal all subequal in size, smaller than supraoculars and parietals, which are subequal in size; intercalary scale present between interparietal and left parietal. Preocular large, triangular; larger than ocular but smaller than superior nasal. Ocular large, smaller than preocular, extending dorsally above preocular, extending ventrally to ca. 2/3 depth of preocular, bordered posteroventrally by a subocular of less than half its size. Eye with distinct round pupil and iris, situated at widest point of ocular and approximately midway along its height, anterior 30–40% covered by preocular plate in lateral view. Supraocular barely touches eye when viewed from above. Three postoculars bordering ocular and subocular between parietal and fourth supralabial. Four supralabials, third the largest, all except first with long axis oblique to long axis of body, first an irregular tetrahedron. Supralabial imbrication pattern T-V, posterior border of second supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of preocular, that of third supralabial overlaps anteroventral margin of subocular. Mental hexagonal, wider than long, projecting slightly beyond curve of lower jaw and fitting into notch on upper lip when mouth is closed. Infralabials two on each side.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1276FFFEFF52FEC58D40FE22" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
Longitudinal scale rows 26 anteriorly, reducing to 24 by loss of two rows ca
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1276FFFEFBBBFEDA8B5EFE50" box="[1070,1149,368,392]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="40.0">40 mm</quantity>
|
||
behind tip of rostral, and reducing to 20 ca.
|
||
<quantity id="DF58C8FF1276FFFEFEF9FE3E8E9FFE7B" box="[364,444,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
|
||
anterior to vent; mid-dorsal scale rows between rostral and tail tip 722; subcaudals 25; dorsocaudals 24; apical region with transverse spine directed ventrally at 90° to axis of anteroventral surface of that terminal scale (and, hence, to body axis).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1276FFFEFF52FE558D1BFD38" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Rostral, superior nasals, preoculars, oculars, and supraoculars with head glands; central glands in these shields restricted to one on each supraocular, one (left) or three (right) glands on oculars posteroventral to eyes, but otherwise arrayed along both anterior margins and throughout centers of the other scales. Glands evident only on posterior half of superior nasals because the anterior portion of those scales is unpigmented, and the glands cannot be discerned; ca. 60 glands evident on right superior nasal, ca. 50 on left. Preoculars with ca. 40 (right) and ca. 35 (left) glands in their centers. Glands elsewhere on these various scales uncountable because of fusion or blending with surrounding unpigmented areas.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1276FFFEFF52FD578B54FC1F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
In preservative, dorsum pale brown, slightly darker than ventral surfaces but no sharp demarcation between these due to gradual loss of melanin ventrally; each scale darker anteriorly. Head glands, rostral, supralabials, and lower jaw and chin unpigmented (appearing pale straw yellow under magnification). Head scales between rostral and body scales (i.e., from prefrontal to occipitals) darker brown than remainder of body, imparting to the naked eye the appearance of a mask around the eyes extending between the pale-whitish rostral and the pale-brown body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="809B799F1276FFFEFF0AFC058FC1FC1F" box="[159,226,943,968]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="10.[151,249,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[177,1412,228,1884]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus persephone holotype (UMMZ 242536); dorsal (C) and lateral (D) views of the head of the holotype of Gerrhopilus lestes holotype (BPBM 11904) showing the collar of dark color across the head. Scale bars = 2 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835109/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C, D). Ventral keel of rostral and tail spine dark brown. Iris black, pupil pale gray.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50BA36911276FFFEFF52FC7E8D77FBC7" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1276FFFEFF52FC7E8D77FBC7" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081276FFFEFF52FC7E8E6DFC3A" bold="true" box="[199,334,980,1005]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The trivial epithet is a masculine Greek noun in apposition meaning “thief,” an allusion to the mask-like color pattern across the head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="50BA36911276FFFEFF52FBB68C07FB8F" pageId="15" pageNumber="90" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="181F651A1276FFFEFF52FBB68C07FB8F" blockId="15.[151,1437,151,1112]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="2AD4B9081276FFFEFF52FBB68E43FBE2" bold="true" box="[199,352,1052,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Known only from the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C71BDBB81276FFFEFDF1FBB78DB7FBE2" box="[612,660,1053,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<figureCitation id="809B799F1276FFFEFC95FBB68C65FBE3" box="[768,838,1052,1077]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,249,1021,1043]" captionTargetBox="[229,1360,193,999]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[227,1360,193,999]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Map of Papua New Guinea, showing the two known localities for Gerrhopilus depressiceps (circles) and type localities for Gerrhopilus addisoni (triangle), Gerrhopilus eurydice (square), Gerrhopilus persephone (star), and Gerrhopilus lestes (diamond). The demarcated northern portion of Papua New Guinea is the former German New Guinea from which the holotype of Typhlops depressiceps presumably came; the irregular solid line running through northwestern Papua New Guinea shows the course of the Sepik River, along which the holotype of Typhlops monochrus was presumably obtained." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/835107/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The low elevation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="C71BDBB81276FFFEFBE2FBB78B84FBE2" box="[1143,1191,1053,1077]" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality suggests that this species is likely to occur across much of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="DA64ABF81276FFFEFD04FBEA8C03FB8F" box="[657,800,1087,1112]" country="Papua New Guinea" name="New Ireland" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">
|
||
New
|
||
<collectingCountry id="60B7258A1276FFFEFD58FB958C03FB8F" box="[717,800,1087,1112]" name="Ireland" pageId="15" pageNumber="90">Ireland</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |