434 lines
57 KiB
XML
434 lines
57 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.55982" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f6271f89-a8e0-464c-bb25-664cce3a0aae" ID-PMC="PMC7658184" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-984-133" ID-Pensoft-UUID="77D10A3A95005683A61835199DF9B9A6" ID-PubMed="33223871" ID-ZooBank="735FE56F6CBB485F84849CD8060A1E5B" ModsDocID="1313-2970-984-133" checkinTime="1604561362544" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Englmaier, Gernot K., Rodriguez, Nuria Vinuela, Waidbacher, Herwig, Palandacic, Anja, Tesfaye, Genanaw, Gessl, Wolfgang & Meulenbroek, Paul" docDate="2020" docId="82C0019E5A3251C3B9F1A0B682B0AF7B" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 984: 133-163" docOrigin="ZooKeys 984" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.55982" docTitle="Garra makiensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="77D10A3A95005683A61835199DF9B9A6" lastPageNumber="133" masterDocId="77D10A3A95005683A61835199DF9B9A6" masterDocTitle="New data on Garra makiensis (Cyprinidae, Labeoinae) from the Awash River (Ethiopia) with remarks on its relationships to congeners on the Arabian Peninsula" masterLastPageNumber="163" masterPageNumber="133" pageNumber="133" updateTime="1668169735887" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New data on Garra makiensis (Cyprinidae, Labeoinae) from the Awash River (Ethiopia) with remarks on its relationships to congeners on the Arabian Peninsula</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Englmaier, Gernot K.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Graz, Institute of Biology, Universitaetsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9746-4500</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gernotenglmaier@gmx.at</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Rodriguez, Nuria Vinuela</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, CZ- 12844 Prague 2, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5905-3818</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Waidbacher, Herwig</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), Vienna, Gregor-Mendel Strasse 33, A- 1180 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Palandacic, Anja</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, A- 1010 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Tesfaye, Genanaw</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Fisheries and Aquatic Life Research Centre, P. O. Box: 64, Sebeta, Ethiopia</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Gessl, Wolfgang</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Graz, Institute of Biology, Universitaetsplatz 2, A- 8010 Graz, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Meulenbroek, Paul</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology and Aquatic Ecosystem Management (IHG), Vienna, Gregor-Mendel Strasse 33, A- 1180 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>984</mods:number>
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<mods:start>133</mods:start>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.55982</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.984.55982</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-984-133</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="168756097" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:82C0019E5A3251C3B9F1A0B682B0AF7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/82C0019E5A3251C3B9F1A0B682B0AF7B" lastPageNumber="133" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName LSID="82C0019E-5A32-51C3-B9F1-A0B682B0AF7B" authority="(Boulenger, 1903)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">Garra makiensis (Boulenger, 1903)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General appearance of Garra makiensis. A BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of G. makiensis, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, B MNHN- 1905 - 0246, syntype of G. rothschildi, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figures 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Garra makiensis, alive, NMW 99224, 52.0 mm SL, Awash River at Lafessa (S 6). Photograph by W. Graf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471369" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 5</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral and dorsal view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A and D same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B and E same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C and F same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Axial skeletons and supraneural bones in Garra makiensis. A NMW 99223, 56.0 mm SL, Awash River at Wonji (S 7), 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36: 21 + 15, B lectotype of G. makiensis, same specimen as in Fig. 4 A, 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 20 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36: 20 + 16, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, C syntype of G. rothschildi, same specimens as in Fig. 4 B, 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 37: 21 + 16, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Arrows showing position and numbers of preanal caudal vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471373" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">, 9</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boulenger" authorityYear="1904" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Discognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discognathus makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">Discognathus makiensis</taxonomicName>
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Boulenger, 1903:330 (type locality: Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia), Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General appearance of Garra makiensis. A BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of G. makiensis, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, B MNHN- 1905 - 0246, syntype of G. rothschildi, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">4A</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Pellegrin" authorityYear="1905" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Discognathus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Discognathus rothschildi" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="rothschildi">Discognathus rothschildi</taxonomicName>
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Pellegrin, 1905:291 (type locality: Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia), Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General appearance of Garra makiensis. A BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of G. makiensis, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, B MNHN- 1905 - 0246, syntype of G. rothschildi, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">4B</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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Comparative material from the Awash River drainage (including the Gotta River sub-drainage) is listed in Table
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Comparative material used in the present study. Sampling sites referring to those given in Fig. 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3230057CB53F54674B3143F000BB7706" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" tableUuid="3230057CB53F54674B3143F000BB7706">1</tableCitation>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 4.</emphasis>
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General appearance of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
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BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London,
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
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MNHN-1905-0246, syntype of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. rothschildi" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. rothschildi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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national
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
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naturelle, Paris.
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</paragraph>
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||
</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="identification">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Identification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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See Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Garra makiensis, alive, NMW 99224, 52.0 mm SL, Awash River at Lafessa (S 6). Photograph by W. Graf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471369" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">5</figureCitation>
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-
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
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for general appearance of
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<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Awash River; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral and dorsal view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A and D same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B and E same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C and F same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7</figureCitation>
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for tubercles on head; Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
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for scales on chest and shape of gular disc; and Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Axial skeletons and supraneural bones in Garra makiensis. A NMW 99223, 56.0 mm SL, Awash River at Wonji (S 7), 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36: 21 + 15, B lectotype of G. makiensis, same specimen as in Fig. 4 A, 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 20 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36: 20 + 16, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, C syntype of G. rothschildi, same specimens as in Fig. 4 B, 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 37: 21 + 16, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris. Arrows showing position and numbers of preanal caudal vertebrae." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471373" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">9</figureCitation>
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for axial skeleton and shape of supraneural bones. Tubercles on scales and the pectoral fin, and scale pattern on ventral side are shown in Suppl. material 2: Figs S1, S2. Measurements and counts are given in Tables
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="T3" captionText="Table 3. Morphometric data for examined Garra makiensis from the Meki River (type specimens) and the Awash River drainage. Information per specimen as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A22E9A8A5A193C1AE329B36EEFE006F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" tableUuid="A22E9A8A5A193C1AE329B36EEFE006F4">3</tableCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation captionStart="Table 4" captionStartId="T4" captionText="Table 4. Meristic character states in type specimens of Garra makiensis and G. rothschildi as well as additional specimens of G. makiensis from the Gotta River (AMNH 227323, MRAC 91 - 051 - P- 0044) and the Awash River drainage (deposited at NMW). Numbers in squared brackets referring to mean + / - SD. Information per specimen as in Table 1." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/78A4B68B53F016DDDBD0D0DFEB202190" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" tableUuid="78A4B68B53F016DDDBD0D0DFEB202190">4</tableCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471369" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 5.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, alive, NMW 99224, 52.0 mm SL, Awash River at Lafessa (S6). Photograph by W. Graf.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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General appearance and morphological variability of
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Awash River.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
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NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S13),
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
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NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S13),
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
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NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S14),
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">D</emphasis>
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NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T3).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Longest examined specimen 147.9 mm SL (female, NMW 99504). Body elongated, moderately compressed, more in the caudal region. Shape of body and head very variable. Dorsal head profile slightly convex, its transition to back usually smooth, in few specimens with a slight nuchal hump. In most specimens, predorsal back outline rises gently, slightly convex or straight, to dorsal-fin origin. Postdorsal profile slightly concave to caudal-fin origin. Caudal peduncle almost twice as long as its minimal depth. The vent is close to the anal-fin origin (7.3-19.7 % of pelvic - anal distance). Head usually as long as body depth at dorsal-fin origin. Head depth at nape shorter than head length. Snout blunt and longer than orbit - operculum distance. Transverse groove weakly developed (absent in some specimens); transverse lobe separated from lateral field by a shallow groove (or without groove). Two deep grooves originating above anterior barbel, posteriorly not connected; at posterior end of upper groove a patch of few tubercles in some specimens (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral and dorsal view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A and D same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B and E same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C and F same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral and dorsal view of head, in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Awash River.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">D</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">E</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">F</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Tubercles on snout and head in both males and females (smallest specimen with tubercles: 45.4 mm SL, Awash River, S14), but often completely absent or rudimentary developed (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral and dorsal view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A and D same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B and E same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C and F same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Transverse lobe with large conical tubercles; tubercles extending to lateral surface and the area between anterior rim of eyes and nostrils. Depressed rostral margin usually without tubercles; in some specimens few and irregularly placed. Anterior extremity of the ethmoid field often elevated from depressed rostral surface and covered with large tubercles, especially in anterior region. Small tubercles are commonly spread on the frontal and occipital regions, sometimes extending to the operculum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Lateral and dorsal view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A and D same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B and E same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C and F same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471371" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">7</figureCitation>
|
||
and Suppl. material 2: Fig. S1). In few specimens (n = 7), small circular tubercles on scales in the predorsal region and the lateral side of the abdominal region (above lateral line). A single specimen (NMW 99231, male, 91.2 mm SL, Awash River, S10) with tubercles on dorsal side of the pectoral fins (at fin membranes) (Suppl. material 2: Fig. S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Gular disc well-developed but often variable in size and shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Its width greater than its length. Width of torus less than disc length. Pulvinus wider than long and with few papillae. Labrum well-developed and longer than torus. Width of mouth usually less than snout length. Abundant papillae on rostral cap, torus, labellum and labrum. Rostral cap with invecked ventral margin. Two pairs of barbels, their length usually shorter than eye diameter; anterior barbel slightly longer or about equal to posterior barbel.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of head, in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Awash River.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
|
||
same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471373" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Axial skeletons and supraneural bones in
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
|
||
NMW 99223, 56.0 mm SL, Awash River at Wonji (S7), 10 showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36:21+15,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
|
||
lectotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, same specimen as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General appearance of Garra makiensis. A BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of G. makiensis, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, B MNHN- 1905 - 0246, syntype of G. rothschildi, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitat of Garra makiensis in the Awash River drainage and sampling site in the Lower Meki River where G. makiensis was absent. A Awash River at Lafessa (S 6, 1,608 m a. s. l.), B Awash River at Yimre (S 10, 797 m a. s. l.), C Middle Borkana River (T 3, 1,417 m a. s. l.), D Lower Meki River, upstream of Meki town (1,663 m a. s. l.)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471374" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">10</figureCitation>
|
||
showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 20 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 36:20+16, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London,
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
|
||
syntype of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. rothschildi" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="rothschildi">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. rothschildi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, same specimens as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. General appearance of Garra makiensis. A BMNH 1905.7.25.87, lectotype of G. makiensis, female, 67.1 mm SL, Maki [Meki] River, Ethiopia, The Trustees of the Natural History Museum, London, B MNHN- 1905 - 0246, syntype of G. rothschildi, 135.3 mm SL, Gotta [Gota] River, Ethiopia, The Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Paris." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471368" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitat of Garra makiensis in the Awash River drainage and sampling site in the Lower Meki River where G. makiensis was absent. A Awash River at Lafessa (S 6, 1,608 m a. s. l.), B Awash River at Yimre (S 10, 797 m a. s. l.), C Middle Borkana River (T 3, 1,417 m a. s. l.), D Lower Meki River, upstream of Meki town (1,663 m a. s. l.)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471374" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">10</figureCitation>
|
||
showing last predorsal abdominal vertebra and 21 last abdominal vertebra, total vertebrae 37:21+16, The
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
|
||
national
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Histoire">d'Histoire</normalizedToken>
|
||
naturelle, Paris. Arrows showing position and numbers of preanal caudal vertebrae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Dorsal fin with 3 or 4, commonly 4, unbranched and 8 branched rays, its last unbranched ray is the longest (89.0 % of dorsal-fin depth); length of first branched ray 86.4 % of dorsal-fin depth; second branched ray much shorter (76.9 % of dorsal-fin depth). Pelvic fin with a single unbranched ray and 7-9, commonly 8, branched rays; pelvic splint present. Long axillary scale at base of pelvic fin, its length 18.8-35.5 % of pelvic-fin length. Pectoral fin with a single unbranched ray and 13-17, commonly 16, branched rays. Caudal fin forked with 2+17 principal rays. Upper procurrent rays 7 (9), 8 (49) or 9 (3), lower procurrent rays 6 (14), 7 (42) or 8 (6).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Lateral line complete and going along midline. Total lateral-series with 37-40, commonly 38, scales. Lateral-series scales to posterior margin of hypurals 35-39, commonly 36. Transversal scale rows between lateral line and dorsal-fin origin 4 or 5, commonly 5; and 4-6, commonly 5 between lateral line and anal-fin origin. Chest, belly, postpelvic and predorsal regions fully scaled. Scales on chest usually deeply embedded (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
|
||
and Suppl. material 2: Fig. S2); predorsal scales irregularly arranged. Between anal-fin origin and anus 0 (1) 1 (16) or 2 (42) scales; and 6 (6), 7 (24), 8 (22) or 9 (3) scales in postpelvic region. Circumpeduncular scale rows 16.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Total vertebrae 35-39, commonly 37; with abdominal vertebrae 20-22; predorsal abdominal vertebrae 9-12; caudal vertebrae 14-17; and 11-14 vertebrae between first pterygiophores of dorsal and anal fins. Most frequent vertebral formulae 21+16 (19, n = 74). Supraneural bones 3-5 (commonly 4 (16) or 5 (10), n = 27), first two square shaped and last two to three in front of dorsal fin elongated and largest (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="morphological variability">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Morphological variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
Similar to other
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Krupp, F" journalOrPublisher="Fauna of Saudi Arabia" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="568 - 636" refId="B35" refString="Krupp, F, 1983. Fishes of Saudi Arabia:Freshwater fishes of Saud Arabia and adjacent regions of the Arabian Peninsula. Fauna of Saudi Arabia 5: 568 - 636" title="Fishes of Saudi Arabia: Freshwater fishes of Saud Arabia and adjacent regions of the Arabian Peninsula." volume="5" year="1983">Krupp 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945212110057" author="Golubtsov, AS" journalOrPublisher="Biology of Inland Waters Series. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B23" refString="Golubtsov, AS, Cherenkov, SE, Tefera, F, 2012. High Morphological Diversity of the Genus Garra in the Sore River (the White Nile Basin, Ethiopia): One More Cyprinid Species Flock? Journal of Ichthyology 52(11): 817-820. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945212110057" title="High Morphological Diversity of the Genus Garra in the Sore River (the White Nile Basin, Ethiopia): One More Cyprinid Species Flock? Journal of Ichthyology 52 (11): 817 - 820." url="https://doi.org/10.1134/S0032945212110057" year="2012">Golubtsov et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Englmaier, GK" journalOrPublisher="Master thesis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" refId="B14" refString="Englmaier, GK, 2018. Longitudinal zonation of fish assemblages in a tropical river: Awash river basin, central Ethiopia, With taxonomic and ecological considerations on the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Master thesis, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna" title="Longitudinal zonation of fish assemblages in a tropical river: Awash river basin, central Ethiopia, With taxonomic and ecological considerations on the genus Garra (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)." year="2018">Englmaier 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we found considerable morphological variability in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Based on our data, we cannot confirm the presence of a sexual dimorphism, but the largest specimens were females (> 140 mm SL), and more males with prominent tuberculation on snout and head were found. Though few specimens were examined, and samples were collected during dry season only, our data suggest that body shape and tuberculation in
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
might be (directly or indirectly) related to abiotic habitat characteristics. Specimens with a more slender body shape and without (or reduced) tubercles on snout and head (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
) were caught in low flow velocity habitats, whereas deep bodied specimens with large conical tubercles on snout and head (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6C</figureCitation>
|
||
) exclusively occurred in high flow velocity habitats over coarse substrate. Intermediate morphs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) and large growing specimens with reduced tubercles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) were occasionally found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="colouration">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Colouration.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
In life (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Garra makiensis, alive, NMW 99224, 52.0 mm SL, Awash River at Lafessa (S 6). Photograph by W. Graf." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471369" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">5</figureCitation>
|
||
): Body colour usually light grey, above lateral line often pale-brown or blueish iridescent and darker than below. Head yellowish brown, mouth and ventral side cream. Iris white and yellow. Some individuals show an indistinct, roundish, dark blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle. At anteriormost lateral line (behind upper edge of operculum) a small dark (rarely blueish iridescent, never red) blotch, not extending on gill cover. Fin membranes usually hyaline, sometimes light grey or yellowish; on caudal fin often light orange. Fin rays hyaline or pale. Dorsal fin with four to six indistinct black blotches at base of branched rays (strongest between 3rd and 6th branched rays).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
In formalin (initial fixation) and later transferred to 75 % ethanol (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. General appearance and morphological variability of Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A NMW 99485, female, 85.8 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), B NMW 99485, female, 82.2 mm SL, Adayitu (S 13), C NMW 99491, male, 106.1 mm SL, Dubti (S 14), D NMW 99504, female, 147.9 mm SL, Jara River (T 3)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471370" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">6</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Ventral view of head, in Garra makiensis from the Awash River. A same specimen as in Fig. 6 B, B same specimen as in Fig. 6 C, C same specimen as in Fig. 6 D." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471372" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">8</figureCitation>
|
||
): Specimens usually light to dark grey, sometimes cream or brownish; darker above lateral line; ventral side cream to yellowish or orange. Back usually dark greyish; head brownish grey. Dark mid-lateral stripe usually of increasing intensity at caudal peduncle, often forming an indistinct blotch at posteriormost caudal peduncle. Fins pale, anterior part of caudal-fin base brownish. Indistinct black blotches at base of branched dorsal-fin rays (strongest between 3rd and 6th branched rays).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was sampled from the mainstem Awash River and its tributaries (Mille River (T1), Borkana River (T3) and Jara River (T4)) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the study area in the Northern and Central Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER, CMER) showing sampling sites and examined material; thick lines denoting Main Rift faults, dashed lines showing transversal faults (Bonini et al. 2005). Study sites: S 1 - S 6 and T 1 - T 8 Awash River drainage, G 1 Gotta River (type locality of G. rothschildi), M 1 Meki River (type locality of G. makiensis), Z 1 - Z 2 Lake Ziway, and L 1 Lake Langano. Sampling sites in red showing localities where G. makiensis is known from examined material or was recorded during recent surveys. The small inserted map showing known distribution range of G. makiensis in the Awash and Meki River drainages." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471365" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Habitat of Garra makiensis in the Awash River drainage and sampling site in the Lower Meki River where G. makiensis was absent. A Awash River at Lafessa (S 6, 1,608 m a. s. l.), B Awash River at Yimre (S 10, 797 m a. s. l.), C Middle Borkana River (T 3, 1,417 m a. s. l.), D Lower Meki River, upstream of Meki town (1,663 m a. s. l.)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471374" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">10</figureCitation>
|
||
and Suppl. material 1: Table S1). The altitude ranged from 1,608 m a.s.l. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="8" direction="north" minutes="23" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="16" value="8.387777">8°23'16"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="38" direction="east" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="38.908337">38°54'30"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, S6) to 338 m a.s.l. (
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="11" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="11.513889">11°30'50"N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="38" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="51" value="41.647503">41°38'51"E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, S16). Specimens were collected from shoreline habitats, deeper stretches of the main channel, side channels, stagnant water bodies of the floodplains and lacustrine habitats (e.g., lakes Yardi and Gamari, Koka Reservoir); both low-flow and high-flow velocity habitats were inhabited. Substrate composition ranged from silt and sand to coarse stony substrate. The water was usually turbid (suspended solids); water temperature ranged from 21.1 °C to 31.9 °C; conductivity was between 286.7-1,710.3
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="μS">μS</normalizedToken>
|
||
cm-1; and dissolved oxygen was close to saturation (65.1-124.1 %) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" author="Englmaier, GK" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="4063 - 4090" refId="B16" refString="Englmaier, GK, Hayes, DS, Meulenbroek, P, Terefe, Y, Lakew, A, Tesfaye, G, Waidbacher, H, Malicky, H, Wubie, A, Leitner, P, Graf, W, 2020b. Longitudinal river zonation in the tropics: Examples of fish and caddisflies from the endorheic Awash River, Ethiopia. Hydrobiologia 847 (19): 4063 - 4090, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" title="Longitudinal river zonation in the tropics: Examples of fish and caddisflies from the endorheic Awash River, Ethiopia." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" volume="847" year="2020 b">Englmaier et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471374" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Awash River drainage and sampling site in the Lower Meki River where
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was absent.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">A</emphasis>
|
||
Awash River at Lafessa (S6, 1,608 m a.s.l.),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">B</emphasis>
|
||
Awash River at Yimre (S10, 797 m a.s.l.),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">C</emphasis>
|
||
Middle Borkana River (T3, 1,417 m a.s.l.),
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">D</emphasis>
|
||
Lower Meki River, upstream of Meki town (1,663 m a.s.l.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="133" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="133">
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1903" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Garra makiensis" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">Garra makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is endemic to Ethiopia where it is found in endorheic drainages (Awash (including the Gotta River sub-drainage) and Meki) of the Northern and Central MER (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Map of the study area in the Northern and Central Main Ethiopian Rift (NMER, CMER) showing sampling sites and examined material; thick lines denoting Main Rift faults, dashed lines showing transversal faults (Bonini et al. 2005). Study sites: S 1 - S 6 and T 1 - T 8 Awash River drainage, G 1 Gotta River (type locality of G. rothschildi), M 1 Meki River (type locality of G. makiensis), Z 1 - Z 2 Lake Ziway, and L 1 Lake Langano. Sampling sites in red showing localities where G. makiensis is known from examined material or was recorded during recent surveys. The small inserted map showing known distribution range of G. makiensis in the Awash and Meki River drainages." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.984.55982.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/471365" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Golubtsov, AS" editor="Tudorancea, C" journalOrPublisher="Biology of Inland Waters Series. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="167 - 258" refId="B22" refString="Golubtsov, AS, Dgebuadze, YuYu, Mina, MV, 2002. Fishes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, Chapter 10. In: Tudorancea, C, Taylor, WD, Baele, G, Suchard, MA, Eds., Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes. Biology of Inland Waters Series. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden: 167 - 258" title="Fishes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, Chapter 10." volumeTitle="Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes." year="2002">Golubtsov et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is absent from the headwaters and was found characteristic for the middle and lower sections of the Awash River (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" author="Englmaier, GK" journalOrPublisher="Hydrobiologia" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="4063 - 4090" refId="B16" refString="Englmaier, GK, Hayes, DS, Meulenbroek, P, Terefe, Y, Lakew, A, Tesfaye, G, Waidbacher, H, Malicky, H, Wubie, A, Leitner, P, Graf, W, 2020b. Longitudinal river zonation in the tropics: Examples of fish and caddisflies from the endorheic Awash River, Ethiopia. Hydrobiologia 847 (19): 4063 - 4090, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" title="Longitudinal river zonation in the tropics: Examples of fish and caddisflies from the endorheic Awash River, Ethiopia." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-020-04400-0" volume="847" year="2020 b">Englmaier et al. 2020b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In the current study, we cannot confirm the presence of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the Meki River, its type locality. The Meki drainage is highly altered by human impacts (e.g., water abstraction, sand mining) and the last records of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="G. makiensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" rank="species" species="makiensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="133">G. makiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this drainage date back to 1984 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Golubtsov, AS" editor="Tudorancea, C" journalOrPublisher="Biology of Inland Waters Series. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="167 - 258" refId="B22" refString="Golubtsov, AS, Dgebuadze, YuYu, Mina, MV, 2002. Fishes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, Chapter 10. In: Tudorancea, C, Taylor, WD, Baele, G, Suchard, MA, Eds., Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes. Biology of Inland Waters Series. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden: 167 - 258" title="Fishes of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, Chapter 10." volumeTitle="Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes." year="2002">Golubtsov et al. 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The extended distribution range reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x" author="Stiassny, MLJ" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination="41 - 83" refId="B63" refString="Stiassny, MLJ, Getahun, A, 2007. An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1): 41 - 83, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x" title="An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x" volume="150" year="2007">Stiassny and Getahun (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, including the southern part of the MER, the Blue and White Nile drainages and the Omo River drainage, contains uncertainty and needs clarification (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2059" author="Wakjira, M" journalOrPublisher="Check List" pageId="0" pageNumber="133" pagination=": 2059" refId="B68" refString="Wakjira, M, Getahun, A, 2017. Ichthyofaunal diversity of the Omo-Turkana basin, East Africa, with specific reference to fish diversity within the limits of Ethiopian waters. Check List 13 (2): 2059, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2059" title="Ichthyofaunal diversity of the Omo-Turkana basin, East Africa, with specific reference to fish diversity within the limits of Ethiopian waters." url="https://doi.org/10.15560/13.2.2059" volume="13" year="2017">Wakjira and Getahun 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |