346 lines
37 KiB
XML
346 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987" ID-GBIF-Dataset="97c79ed9-33fd-49b8-90c5-95a159839db2" ID-PMC="PMC7192954" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-929-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="EFB92B457B1D56A1996483C5EECFAAF0" ID-PubMed="32377146" ID-ZooBank="4FCA3A27–973C49F7–8264–6A34D279EC5C" ModsDocID="1313-2970-929-1" checkinTime="1587627147117" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gittenberger, Edmund, Leda, Pema, Wangchuk, Jigme, Gyeltshen, Choki & Bjoern Stelbrink," docDate="2020" docId="65E57C37BD1F572AB522BC1491C34D65" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 929: 1-17" docOrigin="ZooKeys 929" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987" docTitle="Tricula montana" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" id="EFB92B457B1D56A1996483C5EECFAAF0" lastPageNumber="14" masterDocId="EFB92B457B1D56A1996483C5EECFAAF0" masterDocTitle="The genera Erhaia and Tricula (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae and Pomatiopsidae) in Bhutan and elsewhere in the eastern Himalaya" masterLastPageNumber="17" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1668168753491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>The genera Erhaia and Tricula (Gastropoda, Rissooidea, Amnicolidae and Pomatiopsidae) in Bhutan and elsewhere in the eastern Himalaya</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gittenberger, Edmund</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P. O. Box 9517, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">egittenberger@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leda, Pema</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Wangchuk, Jigme</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Ugyen Wangchuck Institute for Conservation and Environmental Research, Bumthang, Bhutan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3503-4369</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gyeltshen, Choki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>National Biodiversity Centre, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6790-6278</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bjoern Stelbrink,</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Animal Ecology & Systematics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26 - 32 IFZ, D- 35392 Giessen, Germany & Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7471-4992</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>929</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>17</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.929.49987</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-929-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">4FCA3A27-973C49F7-8264-6A34D279EC5C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">EFB92B457B1D56A1996483C5EECFAAF0</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="163735472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:65E57C37BD1F572AB522BC1491C34D65" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65E57C37BD1F572AB522BC1491C34D65" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName LSID="65E57C37-BD1F-572A-B522-BC1491C34D65" authority="(Benson, 1843)" baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana">Tricula montana (Benson, 1843)</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Records of the sympatric Erhaia jannei and E. pelkiae (star), E. wangchuki (triangle), and Tricula montana (dots) in Bhutan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402716" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16, 17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16, 17. Tricula montana (Benson, 1843), Bhutan 16 District Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a. s. l. (H 3.1 mm) 17 Bhutan, district Mongar, Chhuburee, 818 m a. s. l. (decollate specimen, H 3.0 mm). Photos by J. Goud." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402723" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">, 16-17</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Melania" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Melania (Tricula) montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana" subGenus="Tricula">Melania (Tricula) montana</taxonomicName>
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Benson, 1843: 467 (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“Bhimtal”">"Bhimtal"</normalizedToken>
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, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India; 1370 m a.s.l.). Lectotype in The Natural History Museum, London no. 1964426 (design.
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 428, fig. 3A).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana">Tricula montana</taxonomicName>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Preston, HB" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B15" refString="Preston, HB, 1915. Mollusca. (Freshwater Gastropoda & Pelecypoda). - The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma: i-xix, 1-244. Taylor and Francis, London." title="Mollusca. (Freshwater Gastropoda & Pelecypoda). - The fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma: i-xix, 1 - 244. Taylor and Francis, London." year="1915">Preston 1915</bibRefCitation>
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: 68.
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 428-433, figs 3-4 (shell), 4 (operculum), 5-8 (anatomy), 9-10 (radula).
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<bibRefCitation author="Nesemann, H" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B13" refString="Nesemann, H, Sharma, S, Sharma, G, Khanal, SN, Pradhan, B, Shah, DN, Tachamo, RD, 2007. Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57-102." title="Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57 - 102." year="2007">Nesemann et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 62, 78 pl. 15, fig. 1.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Bhutan • District Lhuentse: Khardungchhu;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="56" value="27.532223">27°31'56"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="19" value="91.20528">91°12'19"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1634 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 28.IV.2017; 3 shells; NBCB 1061. Same data except for 27.III.2019; 8 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1064.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Lhuentse: Jarkangchhu;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="32" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="27.540833">27°32'27"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="91.20694">91°12'25"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1333 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 28.IV.2017; 2 shells; NBCB 1063. Same data except for 27.III.2019; 7 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1066.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Lhuentse: Songkhangchhu;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="31" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="27.531666">27°31'54"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="17" value="91.18806">91°11'17"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1152 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 27.III.2019; 3 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1068.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Lhuentse: Fawan;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="27.489445">27°29'22"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="91.182495">91°10'57"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 940 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 27.III.2019; 3 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1069.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Mongar: Chhuburee;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="15" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="41" value="27.261389">27°15'41"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="09" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="02" value="91.15056">91°09 02"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 818 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 3.V.2017; 2 shells; NBCB 1062. Same data except for 26.III.2019; 5 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1065.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Mongar: Rekpalung;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="19" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="34" value="27.326113">27°19'34"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="91" direction="east" minutes="13" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="91.22444">91°13'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 885 m a.s.l.; J. Wangchuk leg. 27.III.2019; 3 specimens in ethanol 70%; NBCB 1070.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Trongsa: Chendebji;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="29" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="27.49">27°29'24"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="20" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="18" value="90.33833">90°20'18"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 2631 m a.s.l., J. Wangchuk photographed 12.I.2018.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Wangdue Phodrang: 40 km SSE of Wangdue Phodrang;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="09" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="27.156944">27°09'25"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="04" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="90.068054">90°04'05"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 527 m a.s.l.; E. Gittenberger, Choki Gyeltshen & Kezang Tobgay leg. 24.IX.2019; 23 shells; 23 specimens in ethanol 70%; 10 specimens in ethanol 97%; NBCB 1084.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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District Zhemgang, Kekhar,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="27" direction="north" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="27.21028">27°12'37"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="90" direction="east" minutes="46" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="28" value="90.774445">90°46'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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; 1540 m a.s.l., J. Wangchuk leg. photographed 17.I.2018.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="shell">
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<paragraph pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Shell.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="11" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
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Shell slender conical, with up to c. 5 shouldered, moderately convex whorls, separated by an incised suture; with obsolete growth lines and poorly discernible dense spiral lirae. Pale yellowish grey, with a light brown apertural border when fully grown. Apex not flattened, often decollate. Aperture triangular with broadly rounded edges, its parietal side about double the length of the columellar side; palatal side straight,
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<pageBreakToken pageId="11" pageNumber="12" start="start">passing</pageBreakToken>
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into the slightly curved basal border with a more strongly curved transitional part. Parietal border of the aperture attached, at least in the middle and not or only slightly protruding. Umbilicus closed or nearly so.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Measurements.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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According to
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. (1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 431) the shell height of males and females combined (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N</emphasis>
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= 10) is 3.32-3.72 mm. However, for the lectotype a larger shell height is indicated, i.e. 3.92 mm (
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 429, fig. 3A, 430). That shell is not even a relatively large specimen. Additional shells figured by
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<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. (1986</bibRefCitation>
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: 429, 430, fig. 3F, G, H, K, L) and printed at the same scale, are larger.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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The shells that are known from Bhutan (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">N</emphasis>
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= 73) are relatively small, with 5-
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<normalizedToken originalValue="5½">51/2</normalizedToken>
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whorls measuring H 2.8-3.6 mm, B 1.3-1.7 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
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(Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Records of the sympatric Erhaia jannei and E. pelkiae (star), E. wangchuki (triangle), and Tricula montana (dots) in Bhutan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402716" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</figureCitation>
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). According to Subba Rao (1989: 68) this species occurs in the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh ("Jhiri valley") and Uttarakhand (= Uttaranchal).
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<bibRefCitation author="Nesemann, H" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B13" refString="Nesemann, H, Sharma, S, Sharma, G, Khanal, SN, Pradhan, B, Shah, DN, Tachamo, RD, 2007. Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57-102." title="Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57 - 102." year="2007">Nesemann et al. (2007</bibRefCitation>
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: 62) refers to it as widely distributed in the western and central Himalaya, in Nepal mainly at 1300-2100 m a.s.l. The records for Bhutan, at altitudes of 527-2631 m a.s.l., extend its range eastwards.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="13" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="habitat">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Habitat.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
|
||
This species was found in Bhutan without accompanying
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Davis & Kuo" authorityYear="1985" class="Gastropoda" family="Amnicolidae" genus="Erhaia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erhaia" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Erhaia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species mostly in densely vegetated, shaded areas with more or less overgrown springs and streamlets (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Records of the sympatric Erhaia jannei and E. pelkiae (star), E. wangchuki (triangle), and Tricula montana (dots) in Bhutan." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402716" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 13" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 13. Habitat of Tricula montana; Bhutan, district Mongar, Chhuburee, 818 m a. s. l. Photo by JW." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402720" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">13</figureCitation>
|
||
-
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 15. Habitat of Tricula montana; Bhutan, district Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a. s. l. Photo by JW." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402722" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">15</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. (1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 427) describe a similar habitat for the Nainital District near the type locality of
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. montana" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">T. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The locality in the district of Wangdue Phodrang is an overgrown, dripping wet, vertical, rocky wall along the road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="12" pageNumber="13" start="start">The</pageBreakToken>
|
||
shells from Mongar, Chhuburee, and from Lhuentse, Jarkangchhu, are all decollate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16, 17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16, 17. Tricula montana (Benson, 1843), Bhutan 16 District Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a. s. l. (H 3.1 mm) 17 Bhutan, district Mongar, Chhuburee, 818 m a. s. l. (decollate specimen, H 3.0 mm). Photos by J. Goud." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402723" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">17</figureCitation>
|
||
), whereas shells from the other localities still have their apical whorls present (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 16, 17" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 16, 17. Tricula montana (Benson, 1843), Bhutan 16 District Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a. s. l. (H 3.1 mm) 17 Bhutan, district Mongar, Chhuburee, 818 m a. s. l. (decollate specimen, H 3.0 mm). Photos by J. Goud." httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402723" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">16</figureCitation>
|
||
). This might be a consequence of unknown differences in water quality at those different localities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" type="dna data">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">DNA data.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
Two snails from Chhuburee and two snails from Khardungchhu were sequenced. These specimens shared the same haplotype per population for both 16S rRNA (GenBank acc. nos. MT239080 and MT239079, for Chhuburee and Khardungchhu,) and COI (GenBank acc. nos. MT237718 and MT237717, for Chhuburee and Khardungchhu). The two populations differed genetically by 1.0% and 4.9% for 16S rRNA and COI, respectively. Because the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
remains uncertain (see e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" author="Liu, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B12" refString="Liu, L, Huo, G-N, He, H-B, Zhou, B, Attwood, SW, 2014. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" title="A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 29." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" year="2014">Liu et al. 2014</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we compared these sequences with additional data available from GenBank. For 16S rRNA, the lowest genetic distances, i.e., 3.1% and 3.3%, were identified between snails from Chhuburee and Khardungchhu, respectively, and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Tricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from China, Hunan, Xiangxi, Fenghuang (GenBank acc. no. EU311736), and 3.3% and 3.5% between snails from Chhuburee and Khardungchhu, respectively, and
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. ludongbini" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="ludongbini">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. ludongbini</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Davis & Y.-H. Guo, 1986 from China, Yunnan, Panlong River, Hei Long Tan (GenBank acc. no. KC832717).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
|
||
The genetic distances between
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. montana" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">T. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Chhuburee and Khardungchhu were considerably higher for COI, with 8.9% and 9.3%, respectively, between snails
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="start">from</pageBreakToken>
|
||
Chhuburee and Khardungchhu and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. from China, Sichuan, Dayi, Tian Gong Mia, Huang Ba (GenBank acc. no. AF253070), and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula hortensis" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="hortensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula hortensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Attwood & Brown, 2003 from China (GenBank acc. no. JQ082621).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
The species was identified conchologically by using the data provided by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Benson, WH" journalOrPublisher="Calcutta Journal of Natural History: and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences in India" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="465 - 468" refId="B1" refString="Benson, WH, 1843. Description of Camptoceras, a new genus of the Lymnaeadae, allied to Ancylus, and of Tricula, a new type of form allied to Melania. Calcutta Journal of Natural History: and Miscellany of the Arts and Sciences in India 3 (12): 465 - 468" title="Description of Camptoceras, a new genus of the Lymnaeadae, allied to Ancylus, and of Tricula, a new type of form allied to Melania." volume="3" year="1843">Benson (1843)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nesemann, H" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B13" refString="Nesemann, H, Sharma, S, Sharma, G, Khanal, SN, Pradhan, B, Shah, DN, Tachamo, RD, 2007. Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57-102." title="Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57 - 102." year="2007">Nesemann et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, taking also the distributional data (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Nesemann, H" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B13" refString="Nesemann, H, Sharma, S, Sharma, G, Khanal, SN, Pradhan, B, Shah, DN, Tachamo, RD, 2007. Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57-102." title="Class Gastropoda. In: Nesemann H, Sharma S, Sharma G, Khanal SN, Pradhan B, Shah DN, Tachamo RD (Eds) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Volume 1: Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea (in part): 57 - 102." year="2007">Nesemann et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 62) into account.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
Some species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Benson" authorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may transmit schistosomes that could in principle infect humans and other mammals. No data in respect of this are known for
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. montana" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">T. montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
See
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Davis, GM" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" pagination="426 - 442" publicationUrl="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" refId="B3" refString="Davis, GM, Rao, NVS, Hoagland, KE, 1986. In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 138: 426 - 442, http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" title="In search of Tricula (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia): Tricula defined, and a new genus described." url="http://www.jstor.org/stable/4064915" volume="138" year="1986">Davis et al. (1986)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a detailed account on this species, with data on shell morphology, anatomy of males and females, biogeography, and systematic relationships.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402721" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="Figure 14" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bhutan, district Lhuentse, Jarkangchhu, 1333 m a.s.l. Photo by JW
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402722" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="Figure 15" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 15.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitat of
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; Bhutan, district Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a.s.l. Photo by JW.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402723" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="Figures 16, 17" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figures 16, 17.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Benson" baseAuthorityYear="1843" class="Gastropoda" family="Pomatiopsidae" genus="Tricula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tricula montana" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="montana">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Tricula montana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Benson, 1843), Bhutan
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">16</emphasis>
|
||
District Lhuentse, Khardungchhu, 1634 m a.s.l. (H 3.1 mm)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">17</emphasis>
|
||
Bhutan, district Mongar, Chhuburee, 818 m a.s.l. (decollate specimen, H 3.0 mm). Photos by J. Goud.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/402724" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" start="Figure 18" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figure 18.</emphasis>
|
||
Maximum likelihood tree reconstructed with RAxML BlackBox (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642" author="Stamatakis, A" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Biology" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="758 - 771" refId="B17" refString="Stamatakis, A, Hoover, P, Rougemont, J, 2008. A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers. Systematic Biology 57: 758 - 771, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642" title="A rapid bootstrap algorithm for the RAxML web servers." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/10635150802429642" volume="57" year="2008">Stamatakis et al. 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; GTR+G substitution model for each partition and 100 bootstrap replicates) based on the 16S rRNA and COI dataset of
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" author="Liu, L" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Biology and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" refId="B12" refString="Liu, L, Huo, G-N, He, H-B, Zhou, B, Attwood, SW, 2014. A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" title="A phylogeny for the Pomatiopsidae (Gastropoda: Rissooidea): a resource for taxonomic, parasitological and biodiversity studies. BMC Evolutionary Biology 14: 29." url="https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-14-29" year="2014">Liu et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021" author="Guan, F" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" pagination="702 - 707" refId="B10" refString="Guan, F, Niu, AO, Attwood, SW, Zhu, YH, 2008. Molecular phylogenetics of triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 48: 702 - 707, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021" title="Molecular phylogenetics of triculine snails (Gastropoda: Pomatiopsidae) from southern China." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2008.04.021" volume="48" year="2008">Guan et al. (2008)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, with new data in red. Numbers on branches denote bootstrap values>50.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |