305 lines
29 KiB
XML
305 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ee5a0817-7cfc-4c21-ba7d-3beabb06cccd" ID-PMC="PMC7004242" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-905-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" ID-PubMed="32063726" ID-ZooBank="F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB" ModsDocID="1313-2970-905-1" checkinTime="1579539902851" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Salata, Sebastian & Fisher, Brian L." docDate="2020" docId="65D9FF342BA181145ED4D427834C7F4D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 905: 1-235" docOrigin="ZooKeys 905" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592" docTitle="Pheidole avaratra Salata & Fisher 2020, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="B4CD74DD-A7C3-427E-80F3-4BE73F6829FE" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" id="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961" masterDocTitle="Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups" masterLastPageNumber="235" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1668168337901" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Pheidole Westwood, 1839 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) of Madagascar - an introduction and a taxonomic revision of eleven species groups</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Salata, Sebastian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Fisher, Brian L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>905</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>235</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.905.39592</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-905-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">F4C766E4633A41039FFDE952718F41FB</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">4C7E0CB428DF56BDB15B7AC8D6707961</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="161777013" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:B4CD74DD-A7C3-427E-80F3-4BE73F6829FE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65D9FF342BA181145ED4D427834C7F4D" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/B4CD74DD-A7C3-427E-80F3-4BE73F6829FE" authority="Salata & Fisher, 2020" authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole avaratra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra" status="sp. nov.">Pheidole avaratra</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 48A-F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 84F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 86" captionStartId="F86" captionText="Figure 86. Distribution. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure86" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373133" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 86F</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Madagascar. •1 major worker; Antsiranana;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambato, 26.6 km 33° Ambanja;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13.4645" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-13.4645">-13.4645</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.55167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.55167">48.55167</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 150 m; 10 Dec 2004; Fisher et al. leg.; BLF11593, CASENT0107719 (CASC).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Paratype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Madagascar. •1w.; same data as for holotype; CASENT0923184 (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Other material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Madagascar. -
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antsiranana</emphasis>
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: •1w., 4s.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Forêt">Foret</normalizedToken>
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Ambato, 26.6 km 33° Ambanja;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13.4645" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-13.4645">-13.4645</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.55167" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.55167">48.55167</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 150 m; 8 Dec 2004; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0056638, CASENT0056639, CASENT0056704, CASENT0056727, CASENT0107724 (CASC). •1w., 12s.; Nosy Be,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Intégrale">Integrale</normalizedToken>
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de Lokobe, 6.3 km 112°ESE Hellville;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13.41933" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-13.41933">-13.41933</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.33117" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.33117">48.33117</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 30 m; 19 Mar 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0403256, CASENT0403258, CASENT0462862, CASENT0463005, CASENT0463136, CASENT0466195, CASENT0466206, CASENT0466207, CASENT0466209, CASENT0466222, CASENT0466243, CASENT0466247, CASENT0466295 (CASC). •2w., 2s.; Nosy Faly;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="13.3624" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="-13.3624">-13.3624</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="48.49101" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="48.49101">48.49101</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 15 m; 26 Feb 2013; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0303115, CASENT0303182 (CASC). •1w., 1s.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Ambre">d'Ambre</normalizedToken>
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, 3.5 km 235°SW Sakaramy;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.46889" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.46889">-12.46889</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.24217" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.24217">49.24217</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 325 m; 26 Jan 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0406637, CASENT0406688 (CASC). •1w., 2s.;
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Réserve">Reserve</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Spéciale">Speciale</normalizedToken>
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de
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<normalizedToken originalValue="l’Ankarana">l'Ankarana</normalizedToken>
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, 13.6 km 192°SSW Anivorano Nord;
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<geoCoordinate degrees="12.86361" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-12.86361">-12.86361</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="49.22583" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="49.22583">49.22583</geoCoordinate>
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; alt. 210 m; 16 Feb 2001; Fisher et al. leg.; CASENT0411220, CASENT0440802, CASENT0440818 (CASC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Head in full-face view elongated; sides of the head with moderately dense, long, erect pilosity; occipital lobes with thick, sparse, short, irregular, and arcuate rugae, interspaces superficially rugulae; inner hypostomal teeth distinct, high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex; outer hypostomal teeth thinner than inner hypostomal teeth and approximately the same height, triangular, but thin.
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Head foveolate, genae with smooth notch; scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; promesonotum low, convex, short, with posterior declivity smoothly declining towards propodeum; mesosoma foveolate; propodeal spines short, triangular.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers.</emphasis>
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Measurements (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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= 10): HL: 0.92-1.2 (1.0); HW: 0.71-1.02 (0.8); SL: 0.368-0.502 (0.4); EL: 0.11-0.16 (0.14); WL: 0.71-0.91 (0.99); PSL: 0.12-0.18 (0.13); MTL: 0.41-0.54 (0.44); PNW: 0.4-0.56 (0.45); PTW: 0.1-0.15 (0.12); PPW: 0.25-0.38 (0.3); CI: 78.0-87.9 (82.9); SI: 46.5-51.5 (49.2); PSLI: 11.8-15.2 (13.3); PPI: 35.0-46.2 (38.9); PNI: 51.2-58.9 (55.5); MTI: 52.2 -57.3 (53.8).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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In full-face view longitudinal, longer than wide, anterior of eyes straight, posterior of eyes slightly convex, occipital margin of lobes straight, inclining toward centre (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48B</figureCitation>
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). In lateral view sub-oval; ventral and dorsal faces convex; dorsal face not depressed posteriorly; inner hypostomal teeth visible. Sides of the head with moderately dense, long, erect pilosity; whole head with dense, moderately long, suberect to erect pilosity. Antennal scrobes indistinct and not delimited by carinulae; scrobe surface shiny, with thick, moderately sparse, longitudinal rugae; interspaces superficially rugo-foveolae. Occipital lobes shiny, with thick, sparse, short, irregular, and arcuate rugae, interspaces superficially rugulose; frons with moderately sparse, thick, longitudinal rugae, interspaces smooth and indistinctly rugo-foveolate on the posterior part; genae shiny, with dense and fine rugulae, and smooth notch behind eyes; malar area with thick, sparse, longitudinal rugae, interspaces superficially rugulae. Centre of clypeus shiny and smooth, lateral sides with longitudinal rugae; median notch present, narrow, and moderately deep; median longitudinal carina absent; lateral longitudinal carinae present. Scape, when laid back, not reaching the midlength of head; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48B, D</figureCitation>
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). Inner hypostomal teeth distinct, high, closely spaced, triangular, with rounded apex; outer hypostomal teeth thinner than inner hypostomal teeth and approximately the same height, triangular, but thin (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 84" captionStartId="F84" captionText="Figure 84. Hypostomal teeth. Pheidole aelloea sp. nov. (A). P. ala sp. nov. (B). P. andapa sp. nov. (C). P. ankerana sp. nov. (D). P. annemariae Forel (E). P. avaratra sp. nov. (F). P. bemarahaensis sp. nov. (G). P. bemarivoensis sp. nov. (H). P. binara sp. nov. (I). P. boribora sp. nov. (J). P. brevipilosa sp. nov. (K). P. curvistriata sp. nov. (L). P. diakritos sp. nov. (M). P. ehazoara sp. nov. (N). P. ensifera Forel (O). P. ferruginea sp. nov. (P). P. fisaka sp. nov. (R). P. fitarata sp. nov. (S). P. glabra sp. nov. (T). P. goavana sp. nov. (U). P. lamperos sp. nov. (W). P. longipilosa sp. nov. (X). P. longispinosa Forel (Y). P. lutea sp. nov. (Z)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure84" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373131" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">84F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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In lateral view, promesonotum relatively low and arched, dorsal mesonotum slightly concave, posterior mesonotum steep, with tubercle-like projections; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove absent; propodeal spines small to moderately long, triangular, with sharp apex and relatively wide base; humeral area laterally weakly produced (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D</figureCitation>
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). Surface foveolate, dorsal surface of promesonotum with fading sculpture and sometimes with additional transverse, thin rugulae. Pilosity moderately sparse, very long, and erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D, F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shiny; peduncle moderately long, finely foveolate, with indistinct horizontal lobes on its basal part; node with fading sculpture, relatively high, triangular, with rounded apex, in rear view node slightly convex; pilosity moderately sparse and erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D, F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shiny and finely shagreened, dorsum with fading sculpture; in dorsal view sides with very short, acute, and triangular projections; pilosity moderately long, sparse, and erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D, F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Shiny and shagreened; pilosity dense, moderately long, and erect (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D, F</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Brown to dark brown; lateral sides of mesosoma, malar area, and lower frons yellowish brown; legs yellow to yellowish brown (Fig.
|
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48D, F</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 48" startId="F48">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 48.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole avaratra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole avaratra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., full-face view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
), profile (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
) of paratype minor worker (CASENT0923184) and full-face view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
), profile (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
), and dorsal view (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
) of holotype major worker (CASENT0107719).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
|
||
= 5): HL: 0.43-0.48 (0.46); HW: 0.39-0.44 (0.42); SL: 0.38-0.47 (0.44); EL: 0.09-0.11 (0.1); WL: 0.5-0.58 (0.55); PSL: 0.08-0.1 (0.93); MTL: 0.29-0.37 (0.35); PNW: 0.27-0.31 (0.29); PTW: 0.05-0.08 (0.07); PPW: 0.1-0.11 (0.11); CI: 87.6-94.8 (90.4); SI: 96.4-110.8 (105.5); PSLI: 17.3-22.0 (20.0); PPI: 46.4-70.3 (61.9); PNI: 67.4-72.8 (69.9); MTI: 74.6-87.6 (83.7).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Occipital margin straight or indistinctly concave; occipital carina absent (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pilosity moderately dense, short, suberect. Head shiny, foveolate; genae with smooth notch. Clypeus smooth or finely foveolate; median longitudinal carina absent; two lateral longitudinal carinae absent. Scape, when laid back, surpassing the posterior head margin by one-fifth of its length; pilosity suberect to erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48A, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mesosoma</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
In lateral view, promesonotum low, convex, short, with posterior declivity smoothly declining towards propodeum; promesonotal groove absent; metanotal groove indistinct; propodeal spines short, triangular, with acute apex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Sculpture foveolate. Pilosity sparse, long, and erect (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Peduncle moderately short and thin with ventral face slightly convex; with few short, erect setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Postpetiole</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Short, low, and convex; with few short, erect setae (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Petiole</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
With moderately sparse, erect pilosity (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colour</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Yellow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 48" captionStartId="F48" captionText="Figure 48. Pheidole avaratra sp. nov., full-face view (A), profile (C), and dorsal view (E) of paratype minor worker (CASENT 0923184) and full-face view (B), profile (D), and dorsal view (F) of holotype major worker (CASENT 0107719)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.905.39592.figure48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/373095" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">48C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Malagasy for north, in reference to the distribution of the species.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The species was collected between 15-210 m in elevation, in rainforest, tropical dry forest, and open secondary vegetation. Nests were located in rotten sticks on ground, under moss, and in soil.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole avaratra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole avaratra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Major workers</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
It differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in presence of longitudinal, very thick, and never interrupted rugae on frons and antennal scrobes, presence of rugae connecting frons and occipital lobes, never entirely smooth genae, and bigger and never directed inward inner hypostomal teeth.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Minor workers</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Salata & Fisher" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole avaratra" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="avaratra">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Pheidole avaratra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="P. fitarata" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="fitarata">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P. fitarata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov. in shorter and higher promesonotum and katepisternum entirely foveolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |