626 lines
55 KiB
XML
626 lines
55 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.53.456" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b3aba38d-ae95-4dbc-a9b5-7cf9c0029351" ID-PMC="PMC3088035" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-53-59" ID-PubMed="21594133" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2010" ModsDocID="1313-2970-53-59" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 53" ModsDocTitle="A new species of dactyloid anole ( Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Anolis) from the southeastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador" checkinTime="1451251030750" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Ayala-Varela, Fernando P. & Omar, Torres-Carvajal" docDate="2010" docId="65D85EF1BB3D7AFDD83E4CAF16B30BD7" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 53: 59-73" docOrigin="ZooKeys 53" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.53.456" docTitle="Anolis podocarpus Ayala-Varela & Omar, 2010, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="68" masterDocId="FFFBB654FF80C614FFB8594A8A6AB10D" masterDocTitle="A new species of dactyloid anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Anolis) from the southeastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador" masterLastPageNumber="73" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1668160949588" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>A new species of dactyloid anole (Iguanidae, Polychrotinae, Anolis) from the southeastern slopes of the Andes of Ecuador</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ayala-Varela, Fernando P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Omar, Torres-Carvajal</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2010</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>53</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>59</mods:start>
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<mods:end>73</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.53.456</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.53.456</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-53-59</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159359615" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBCF5322-9297-49D2-B910-ACCC374F9890" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/65D85EF1BB3D7AFDD83E4CAF16B30BD7" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:BBCF5322-9297-49D2-B910-ACCC374F9890" class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="60">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="holotype">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Holotype.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">QCAZ 10126 (Fig. 1A,B), adult male, Ecuador, Provincia Zamora-Chinchipe, Romerillos Alto, 04°13'35.6"S; 78°56'23.0"W, 1550 m, 18 December 2009, collected by Fernando Ayala, Steven Poe, Levi Gray, and Julian Davis.</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Figure 1. Two species of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anolis</taxonomicName>
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from eastern Ecuador.
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.: holotype male (A, B, QCAZ 10126), female (C, D, QCAZ 10127), female (E, QCAZ 10129), juvenile (F, QCAZ 6200);
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
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: male (G, QCAZ 8770), female (H, QCAZ 9707). Photographs by L.A. Coloma (male of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
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), F. Ayala-Varela (juvenile of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and female of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
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) and S.R. Ron (male and females of
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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ECUADOR: QCAZ 6038, 6045-47, 6188, QCAZ 6199-200, same locality data as holotype, 1545-1618 m, 1 August 2002, collected by Fernando Ayala-V. and David Salazar; QCAZ 10127, same collection data as holotype; FHGO 1726-30, 1735, 1755, upper basin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Río">Rio</normalizedToken>
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Curintza, 04°09'36"S; 78°58'48"W, 25 March and 3 April 1998, collected by D. Almeida-Reinoso and F. Nogales-Sornosa; FHGO 2406-07, Numbami, upper basin of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="río">rio</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Jambué">Jambue</normalizedToken>
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, 04°10'11.9994"S; 78°57'0"W, 1530 m, 30 April 1999, collected by D. Almeida-Reinoso and F. Nogales-Sornosa; EPN 11354, Campamento San Antonio, Refugio de Vida Silvestre El Zarza, Los Encuentros,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="cantón">canton</normalizedToken>
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Yantzaza, 03°50'27.00"S; 78°31'38.92"W, 1556 m, 07 November 2008, collected by A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
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, Marco Salazar and Marco Angamarca; EPN 11355, same locality data as former, 14 November 2008, collected by A.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
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, Luis
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Benalcázar">Benalcazar</normalizedToken>
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, Marco Angamarca and W. Torres.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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The new species belongs to the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">punctatus</taxonomicName>
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-subsection (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, EE" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 21" title="West Indian anoles: a taxonomic and evolutionary summary. I. Introduction and a species list" volume="440" year="1976 a">Williams 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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) by having an arrow-shaped interclavicle [T-shaped in the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis carolinensis" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carolinensis">carolinensis</taxonomicName>
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-subsection
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, EE" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 21" title="West Indian anoles: a taxonomic and evolutionary summary. I. Introduction and a species list" volume="440" year="1976 a">Williams 1976a</bibRefCitation>
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]. Within the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis punctatus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="punctatus">punctatus</taxonomicName>
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-subsection,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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is a member of (1) the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis latifrons" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latifrons">latifrons</taxonomicName>
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-series sensu
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<bibRefCitation pageId="1" pageNumber="60">Etheridge 1959</bibRefCitation>
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by having at least four parasternal chevrons attached to the dorsal ribs, and the lateral processes of the interclavicle divergent from the proximal parts of the clavicles; (2) the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis aequatorialis" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aequatorialis">aequatorialis</taxonomicName>
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species-group (
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, EE" journalOrPublisher="Papeis Avulsos de Zoologia" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="259 - 268" title="South American anoles: The species groups" volume="29" year="1976 b">Williams 1976b</bibRefCitation>
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) by being of moderate to large size (SVL = 73.6−96.0 mm), with narrow toe lamellae; and (3) the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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-subgroup (Williams and Duellman 1984) by having a typical
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Anolis</taxonomicName>
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digit, in which the distal lamellae of phalanx II distinctly overlap the first proximal subdigital scale of phalanx I. The new species lacks transverse processes on most or all of the autotomic caudal vertebrae.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="62" pageId="1" pageNumber="60">
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Among species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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-subgroup (
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis antioquiae" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antioquiae">Anolis antioquiae</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, EE" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 9" title="New or problematic Anolis from Colombia 4. Anolis antioquiae, new species of the Anolis eulaemus subgroup from western Colombia" volume="482" year="1985">Williams 1985</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">Anolis eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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Boulenger 1908,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis gemmosus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmosus">Anolis gemmosus</taxonomicName>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="O’Shaughnessy">O'Shaughnessy</normalizedToken>
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1875,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis maculigula" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculigula">Anolis maculigula</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Williams, EE" journalOrPublisher="Breviora" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="1 - 22" title="New or problematic Anolis from Colombia 3. Two new semiaquatic anoles from Antioquia and Choco, Colombia" volume="478" year="1984">Williams 1984</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
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<bibRefCitation author="Rueda-Almonacid, JV" journalOrPublisher="Trianea" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" pagination="85 - 92" title="Un nuevo y extraordinario saurio de color rojo (Iguanidae: Anolis) para la Cordillera Occidental de Colombia" volume="3" year="1989">Rueda-Almonacid 1989</bibRefCitation>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis ventrimaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Anolis ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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Boulenger 1911),
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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differs from
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis antioquiae" order="Squamata" pageId="1" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antioquiae">Anolis antioquiae</taxonomicName>
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(character states in parentheses) in lacking a canthal ridge projecting above the loreal region (very sharp canthal ridge
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="61" start="start">projecting</pageBreakToken>
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above the loreal region), and 8−11 supralabials (6−7).
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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can be distinguished from
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis gemmosus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmosus">Anolis gemmosus</taxonomicName>
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by having a SVL> 70 mm in adults (SVL <70 mm in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis gemmosus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmosus">Anolis gemmosus</taxonomicName>
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), and from
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
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by having 6−9 postmental scales (3−4 in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
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). From the remaining species in the
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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-subgroup (character states in parentheses),
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="2" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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differs by the combination of the following characters:
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="62" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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1) dewlap moderate in size in females (rudimentary in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">Anolis eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis maculigula" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculigula">Anolis maculigula</taxonomicName>
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; absent in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis gemmosus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmosus">Anolis gemmosus</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis ventrimaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Anolis ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
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); (2) dewlap skin uniform reddish brown or terracotta, with a dark brown tint anteriorly and orange or pink tint posteriorly in males, Fig. 2 (pale brown in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">Anolis eulaemus</taxonomicName>
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; dark brown, with a pale yellowish brown edge in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
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; dull yellowish green, or bluish green proximally shading to yellow or orange distally in
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<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis gemmosus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gemmosus">Anolis gemmosus</taxonomicName>
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; bluish gray proximally, with anterior third pale bluish rose and posterior portion white becoming pale blue towards the belly in
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||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis maculigula" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculigula">Anolis maculigula</taxonomicName>
|
||
; red in males and sepia in females in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dark brown or orange covered by yellow rows of scales and a dark blotch at its base in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis ventrimaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Anolis ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (3) dewlap skin uniform dark violet, with a brownish-red tint in females (reddish orange, with black blotches and yellow border in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis antioquiae" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antioquiae">Anolis antioquiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">Anolis eulaemus</taxonomicName>
|
||
; yellowish green to brown, with dark brown blotches in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; sepia in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (4) dewlap with longitudinal rows of 2−5 granular, minute scales separated by naked skin, Fig. 3 (longitudinal rows of one or two keeled, large scales separated by naked skin in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis ventrimaculatus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ventrimaculatus">Anolis ventrimaculatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (5) iris bluish turquoise (iris gray or dull bluish gray in males and blue-green in females of Ecuadorian populations; blue in males and pale blue in females of Colombian populations (Williams and Duellman 1984) in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; dark brown in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis maculigula" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="maculigula">Anolis maculigula</taxonomicName>
|
||
; reddish brown in females in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (6) 1−3 scales between supraorbital semicircles (4−5 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis antioquiae" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antioquiae">Anolis antioquiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and 5−6 in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
); (7) interparietal scale present (absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis antioquiae" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antioquiae">Anolis antioquiae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis megalopithecus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalopithecus">Anolis megalopithecus</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Among all species in the
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis eulaemus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="eulaemus">eulaemus</taxonomicName>
|
||
-subgroup
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is most similar morphologically to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
; in addition to the differences mentioned above,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(character states in parentheses, Table 1) by having more scales between second canthals (14-20 and 12-20, respectively; t-test, t = 4.126, P <0.05); more scales bordering the rostral posteriorly (7-12 and 5-10, respectively; t-test, t = 3.551, P <0.05); more rows of loreals (9-13 and 6-12, respectively; t-test, t = 7.601, P <0.05); more postmentals (5-9 and 4-8, respectively; t-test, t = 3.119, P <0.05); shorter dewlap in males (dewlap height/SVL = 0.10-0.23 and 0.18-0.36, respectively; t-test, t = 4.212, P <0.05); shorter dewlap in females (dewlap height/SVL = 0.11-0.19 and 0.14-0.23, respectively; t-test, t = 3.165, P <0.05); and sides of neck with light-blue and pale pink small spots in males (sides of neck with a light yellow irregular stripe, Fig. 1G,H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Table 1. Summary of morphological characters and measurements (mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. from Ecuador. For each quantitative character, the F-value, t-value, and corresponding P-values are given. Range and sample size (N) followed by mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation are given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Anolis fitchi</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Anolis podocarpus</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">F-value</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">P</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">t-value</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">P</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between second canthals12-20 (37) 14.95
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.8814-20 (19) 17.11
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.791.1070.8434.126<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Postrostrals5-10 (37) 7.68
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.277-12 (19) 8.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.101.3330.5223.551<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Rows of loreals6-12 (37) 8.38
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.239-13 (19) 10.84
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.961.6550.2557.601<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between supraorbital semicircles1-3 (36) 2.28
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.661-3 (19) 1.79
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.631.0940.8642.6500.011
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between interparietal and semicircles3-7 (37) 4.46
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.992-6 (19) 3.79
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.031.0890.8002.3660.022
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Supralabials8-11 (37) 9.05
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.818-11 (19) 9.26
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.931.3130.4740.8650.391
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Postmentals4-8 (37) 6.00
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.005-9 (19) 6.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.051.0990.7823.119<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Lamellae under phalanges II-III of fourth toe19-25 (37) 22.19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7620-25 (19) 22.42
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.431.5240.3420.4960.622
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head length/SVL0.24-0.28 (30) 0.26
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.010.26-0.28 (12) 0.27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.011.9570.2402.7480.009
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head length/head width1.61-1.94 (30) 1.79
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.071.66-1.86 (12) 1.77
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.071.0090.9530.7840.438
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head height/head width0.75-0.86 (30) 0.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.030.76-0.87 (12) 0.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.031.0970.7960.3790.706
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Forelimb length/SVL0.50-0.57 (30) 0.54
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.020.47-0.61 (12) 0.52
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.044.355<0.051.5100.155
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Hindlimb length/SVL0.87-1.02 (30) 0.94
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.040.82-1.00 (12) 0.90
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.062.1680.0942.4110.021
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Tail length/SVL1.84-2.57 (15) 2.33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.201.83-2.48 (10) 2.29
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.191.1010.9120.5630.579
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Dewlap height/SVL in males0.18-0.36 (17) 0.27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.060.10-0.23 (5) 0.16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.051.3400.8514.212<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Dewlap height/SVL in females0.14-0.23 (13) 0.19
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.030.11-0.19 (7) 0.14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.041.5000.5173.165<0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Maximum SVL males9696</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Maximum SVL females8789</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 2. Dewlap of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.(A, holotype male, QCAZ 10126; B, female, QCAZ 10129) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(C, male, QCAZ 8770; D, female, QCAZ 9707). Photographs by L.A. Coloma (male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
), F. Ayala-Varela (female of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and S.R. Ron (male and female of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 3. Male dewlap of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(A, QCAZ 9028) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (B, QCAZ 10126) in lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm. Illustrations by D. Paucar-Guerrero.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="description of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Description of holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">(variation in paratypes in parentheses). Male (Fig. 4);SVL 87.0 mm (73.6−96.0 mm); tail length 192.0 mm (168.0−224.0 mm); head length 23.3 mm (19.3−25.4 mm); head width 13.0 mm (11.5−13.8 mm); head height 11.0 mm (9.0−12.0 mm); forelimb length 44.9 mm (39.3−49.9 mm); hindlimb length 75.4 mm (70.0−83.9 mm); dewlap height 12.4 mm (8.2−20.2 mm); interparietal length 1.1 mm (0.9−2.0 mm); ear opening maximum length 2.72 mm (2.3−2.9 mm); snout length 9.81 mm (8.6−11.6 mm).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Head scales unicarinate (smooth or rugose); 19 (14−20) scales between second canthals; 17 (16−20) scales between first canthals; 10 (7−12) scales bordering the rostral posteriorly; circumnasal separated from rostral by one scale or in contact (anterior nasal or divided anterior nasal in contact with rostral); supraorbital semicircles separated by two (1−3) scales; supraocular disk not differentiated and keeled; one (1-2) short superciliary followed by granules; 12 (9−13) loreal rows; 113 loreal scales (81-135); interparietal smaller (much smaller or similar) than ear opening; 3−5 (2−6) scales between interparietal and semicircles on each side; scales behind interparietal grading into nape scales; suboculars and supralabials separated (in contact) by one scale; 10 (8−11) supralabials counted up to a point below center of eye; 9 (9−11) infralabials counted up to a point below center of eye; six (5−9) postmentals; enlarged sublabials absent (one enlarged sublabial in contact with infralabials).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Dorsal crest absent; two enlarged middorsal rows (enlarged middorsal rows absent); dorsals swollen, unicarinate or conical; flank scales more or less separated by skin (juxtaposed); ventrals equal than dorsals (ventrals larger than dorsals); ventrals slightly protuberant, smooth, and subimbricate (separated from each other by skin or juxtaposed).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Toepads overlap the first phalanx in all toes; 20 (20−25) lamellae under second and third phalanges of fourth toe; supradigitals multicarinate; tail weakly compressed; postanals absent (present or inconspicuous).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Nuchal and dorsal folds weakly developed (folds absent in females); dewlap large in both sexes extending posteriorly behind forelimbs, with longitudinal rows of 3−4 (2−5) granular, minute scales separated by naked skin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Sexual variation of meristic and morphometric characters in
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
is presented in Table 2.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Figure 4. Head of the holotype (QCAZ 10126) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. in dorsal (top), lateral (middle), and ventral (bottom) views. Photographs by L. Bustamante. Scale bar = 10 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Table 2. Sexual variation in scutellation and measurements (mm) of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Range and sample size (N) followed by mean
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation are given.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<table pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Character</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Males</th>
|
||
<th colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" rowspan="1">Females</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between second canthals16-20 (6) 17.33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.7514-20 (13) 17.00
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.87
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Postrostrals7-10 (6) 8.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.228-12 (13) 9.08
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.04
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Rows of loreals9-12 (6) 10.83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.989-13 (13) 10.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.99
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between supraorbital semicircles1-2 (6) 1.67
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.521-3 (13) 1.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.69
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Scales between interparietal and semicircles2-6 (6) 3.67
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.513-5 (13) 3.85
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.80
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Supralabials8-11 (6) 9.33
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.218-11 (13) 9.23
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.83
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Postmentals5-8 (6) 6.50
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.056-9 (13) 7.08
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.04
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Lamellae under phalanges II-III of fourth toe20-24 (6) 22.17
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.3321-25 (13) 22.54
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.51
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head length/Snout-vent length0.26-0.28 (5) 0.27
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.010.26-0.27 (7) 0.26
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head length/head width1.77-1.86 (5) 1.81
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.031.66-1.83 (7) 1.73
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.07
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Head height/head width0.81-0.87 (5) 0.83
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.020.76-0.83 (7) 0.79
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.03
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Forelimb length/snout-vent length0.49-0.58 (5) 0.52
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.040.47-0.61 (7) 0.52
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.05
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Hindlimb length/Snout-vent length0.85-0.98 (5) 0.89
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.050.82-1.00 (7) 0.91
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Tail length/Snout-vent length1.83-2.48 (5) 2.26
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.262.19-2.45 (5) 2.32
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
Dewlap height/Snout-vent length0.10-0.23 (5) 0.16
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.050.11-0.19 (7) 0.14
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.04
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Maximum SVL9689</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62" type="coloration in life of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="3" pageNumber="62">Coloration in life of holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="3" pageNumber="62">
|
||
(Fig. 1A,B). Head, body and limbs green; head with two dark green transverse bands on the supraocular disk separated by one yell
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="63" start="start">owish</pageBreakToken>
|
||
green transverse band; body with a vertebral series of wide, dark brown blotches that diffuse without reaching flanks; limbs and tail with wide, dark brown transverse bands; side of neck with an aquamarine irregular longitudinal stripe that extends from postocular region above the tympanum to level of shoulder; side of shoulder with a greenish black irregular spot and opaque pink dots; body flanks with small turquoise dots; ventral surface of head pale yellow, with two pairs of lateral, yellow, short bands; ventral surface of body yellowish cream; ventral surface of tail cream anteriorly, with reddish-brown transverse bands posteriorly; ventral surface of hindlimbs pinkish cream with reddish brown reticulations; dewlap skin terracotta with dark brown tint anteriorly and orange tint posteriorly; dewlap scales yellow anteriorly, and white-yellow posteriorly; upper and lower palpebrals yellow; iris bluish-turquoise with white ring; tongue pink (Fig. 5).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">
|
||
Figure 5. Tongue of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. Left: holotype adult male (QCAZ 10126); right: adult female (QCAZ 10127). Photographs by F. Ayala-Varela.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="4" pageNumber="63" type="coloration in preservative of holotype">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Coloration in preservative of holotype.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="63">Head, body and limbs brown; head with a light brown transverse band on the supraocular disk; body flanks brown with dark green small reticulations; limbs and tail brown, with wide, dark brown transverse bands; side of neck brown with cream dots; side of shoulder with a black irregular spot and cream dots; ventral surface of head brownish cream; ventral surface of body brownish cream with brown dots; ventral surface of tail cream anteriorly and brown posteriorly; ventral surface of hindlimbs cream with brown reticulations; dewlap skin dark brown; dewlap scales brownish cream with white scales posteriorly; upper and lower palpebrals brownish cream.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="66" pageId="5" pageNumber="64" type="color in life variation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="64" start="start">Color</pageBreakToken>
|
||
in life variation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="64">Adult male QCAZ 6038: Head and limbs yellowish green, body green, and tail creamish green; body with a series of seven vertebral wide, yellowish brown bands that diffuse without reaching flanks; sides of head with a light blue irregular stripe extending from postocular region to level of the shoulder; sides of neck with pale pink dots; sides of shoulder with a blackish brown spot and pale pink dots; body flanks green with dark green and turquoise dots, and with dark greenish brown spots assembling alternating bands extending posteroventrally; ventral surface of head greenish yellow anteriorly and pale yellow posteriorly, with two pairs of lateral, yellow, short bands; ventral surface of hindlimbs cream with pale brown reticulations; dewlap skin reddish brown with dark brown tint anteriorly and pink tint posteriorly; dewlap scales greenish yellow anteriorly, and white posteriorly.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="65" pageId="5" pageNumber="64">
|
||
Adult male EPN 11355 (Fig. 6) differs from the descriptions above in having a cream irregular stripe that extends from the angle of the jaw above the tympanum to
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="65" start="start">the</pageBreakToken>
|
||
neck; side of neck with a cream irregular stripe that forms an arc extending from the proximal border of the dewlap to the shoulder; shoulder with a greenish black irregular spot and pink dots.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="66" start="start">Adult</pageBreakToken>
|
||
female QCAZ 10127 (Fig. 1C,D): Head lime-green with two blackish brown transverse bands on supraocular disk; body and tail blackish brown with a whitish-cream vertebral stripe; limbs yellowish green with wide, blackish-brown transverse bands; two subocular pale yellow stripes extending anterodorsally (posteriormost stripe) and posterodorsally (anteriormost stripe) from supralabials; lateral aspect of neck with a longitudinal aquamarine stripe that extends posteriorly from the posterior end of the eye over the tympanum to the level of the forelimb; body flanks yellowish green with dark brown spots that cluster anteriorly, posteriorly, and at midbody; ventral surface of head greenish cream with two pairs of lateral, pale yellow, short bands; ventral surface of body brownish cream with blackish brown spots; ventral surface of limbs brownish cream, with blackish brown reticulations; ventral surface of tail brownish cream on the base, with blackish brown transverse bands; dewlap skin dark violet with a brownish-red tint; dewlap scales yellow; iris bluish-turquoise; tongue dark blue (Fig. 5). Adult female QCAZ 10129 (Fig. 1E) differs from the previous description in having a longitudinal series of five wide, dark brown transverse bands that extend posteroventrally over flanks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Juvenile QCAZ 6200 (Fig. 1F): Color pattern is similar to adult female QCAZ 10129, but differs in having dewlap skin orange-red with white scales and tongue orange.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
Figure 6. Male of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (EPN 11355) from El Zarza (Zamora Chinchipe province). Photograph by A.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Almendáriz">Almendariz</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66" type="natural history and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="66">Natural history and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="67" pageId="7" pageNumber="66">
|
||
An adult female (SVL 89.1 mm, QCAZ 6045) collected on 1 August 2002 and held in captivity until 27 September 2002 laid an egg (18.5 x 8.4 mm; 682.1 mm3) on 24 August 2002. A juvenile (FHGO 1730) was
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="67" start="start">collected</pageBreakToken>
|
||
on 25 March 1998 (37.0 mm SVL, 82.5 mm tail length); a larger juvenile (QCAZ 6200) was collected on 1 August 2002 (43.5 mm SVL, 96.0 mm tail length).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in secondary forest near small streams or in ravines. All individuals were found between 19:00 and 23:00 h sleeping head-up on leaves of ferns,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Araceae" lsidName="Araceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName genus="Musaceae" lsidName="Musaceae" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" rank="genus">Musaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, on branches 0.30-2.50 m above streams, or on stream shores. This species occurs in sympatry with two undescribed species of anoles at the type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="68" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" type="distribution and conservation">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">Distribution and conservation.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="67">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
inhabits the eastern slopes of the eastern Andean cordillera in southern Ecuador, Zamora-Chinchipe province, between 1530−1910 m (Fig. 7). It is known from the upper basin of the Zamora river (Atlantic drainage) in montane cloud forest and low montane evergreen forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sierra, R" journalOrPublisher="Quito" pageId="11" pageNumber="70" title="Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador continental" volumeTitle="Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF y EcoCiencia" year="1999">Sierra 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Most individuals of this species have been collected within two protected areas in southern Ecuador, Parque Nacional Podocarpus and Refugio de Vida Silvestre El Zarza, which suggests that at least some populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="67" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
are well protected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="9" pageNumber="68" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
|
||
7. Distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis fitchi" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fitchi">Anolis fitchi</taxonomicName>
|
||
(triangles) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">Anolis podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. (squares).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="9" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="9" pageNumber="68">
|
||
The specific epithet
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Reptilia" family="Dactyloidae" genus="Anolis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Anolis podocarpus" order="Squamata" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="podocarpus">podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
alludes to the conifer
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and derives from the Greek words pous, podos (=foot), and karpos (=fruit). The tree
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus" order="Ericales" pageId="9" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podocarpus</taxonomicName>
|
||
gives its name to Parque Nacional Podocarpus, where the new species described in this paper was discovered.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |