336 lines
32 KiB
XML
336 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076" ID-PMC="PMC4389086" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-47-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" ID-PubMed="25878553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="576277" ModsDocID="1314-2003-47-1" checkinTime="1451251570853" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Knapp, Sandra, Stehmann, Joao Renato & Giacomin, Leandro L." docDate="2015" docId="2BDB1FBB6A4AA63FE3BB094B477B046B" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 47: 1-48" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 47" docPubDate="2015-03-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076" docTitle="Solanum filirhachis Giacomin & Stehmann 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B" masterDocTitle="New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="48" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1668141325645" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>New species, additions and a key to the Brazilian species of the Geminata clade of Solanum L. (Solanaceae) in Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, United Kingdom</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Stehmann, Joao Renato</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Giacomin, Leandro L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Departamento de Botanica, Laboratorio de Sistematica Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Av. Antonio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, CEP 31270 - 901, MG, Brazil & (current address) Instituto de Ciencias e Tecnologia das Aguas and Herbario HSTM, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Para - UFOPA, Av. Mendonca Furtado, 2946, Santarem, CEP 68040 - 050, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2015-03-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>47</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>48</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.47.9076</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-47-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFF7B10CC8797526FFC9FFA3FFEED14B</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">576277</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152025595" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2BDB1FBB6A4AA63FE3BB094B477B046B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2BDB1FBB6A4AA63FE3BB094B477B046B" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName LSID="2BDB1FBB-6A4A-A63F-E3BB-094B477B046B" authority="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis" status="sp. nov.">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="start">Solanum</pageBreakToken>
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filirhachis Giacomin & Stehmann
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="8" pageNumber="9">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al. 1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A. M. Amorim), C-F (L. L. Giacomin)." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figures 1E, F</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Holotype specimen (sheet two) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854, BHCB 019057). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas de Gerais." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Differs from the sympatric
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum campaniforme" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campaniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum campaniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Roem. & Schultes in its deep forest habitat, leaves with ruffled margins, flowers less than 1 cm in diameter, pedicels with a constriction at the distal end that are swollen in fruit, and few seeds.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="type">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Brazil.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo: Mun. Santa Teresa, Comunidade de Santo
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Antônio">Antonio</normalizedToken>
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, Propriedade do Sr. Boza, fragmento de floresta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ombrófila">ombrofila</normalizedToken>
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densa
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<normalizedToken originalValue="após">apos</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="plantação">plantacao</normalizedToken>
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de eucalipto,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="à">a</normalizedToken>
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direita da entrada, descendo o vale,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-19.908888">19°54'32"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="35" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="26" value="-40.590553">40°35'26"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 740 m, 8 Jun 2012 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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L.L. Giacomin, L. Bohs, Y.F.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Gouvêa">Gouvea</normalizedToken>
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& F.Z. Saiter 1854
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</emphasis>
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(holotype: BHCB [2 sheet holotype: sheet 1 (fl) BHCB019056; sheet 2 (fr) BHCB019057]; isotypes: BM, MBML, NY, RB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Erect shrubs to small trees, up to 3 m tall, normally branching close to the apex, the upper stems ascendant; young stems terete, glabrous; new growth brownish, glabrous. Bark of older stems turning pale greyish brown, glabrous, not exfoliating. Sympodial units difoliate, mostly geminate, with leaves not differing in shape or size. Leaves simple, 4.6-15.9 cm long, 1.3-4.9 cm wide, narrowly elliptic, membranous to chartaceous, slightly discolorous when dry, the adaxial surface glabrous, dark green and somewhat shiny in live plants, the abaxial surface sparsely pubescent with simple uniseriate 7-12-celled trichomes to 1 mm long in tufts in the primary vein axils, occasionally extending to the midrib; primary veins 5-9 pairs, yellowish green, discretely raised above, raised beneath; base attenuate to acute, slightly decurrent onto the petiole, sometimes asymmetric; margins entire, slightly undulate (ruffled) and revolute, apex long-attenuate to acuminate; petioles 1-9 mm long, glabrous. Inflorescences 3.5 to 26 cm long, opposite the leaves or internodal, unbranched, slender and very delicate, with 18-60 flowers, but bearing normally with 4-10 flowers at a time, glabrous; peduncle 1.8-3.8 cm long; pedicels 7-18 mm long,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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0.4 mm in diam. at the base,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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0.9 mm in diameter at the apex, with a constriction at the receptacle, articulated at base, unevenly spaced 1.7 to 10 mm apart. Buds globose, the corolla completely exserted from the calyx tube before anthesis. Flowers all perfect, 5-merous. Calyx tube to 1 mm long, conical, the lobes
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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0.2 mm long,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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1.5 mm wide, acuminate and somwewhat keeled, papillose adaxially, glabrous abaxially. Corolla 6-8 mm in diameter, normally whitish purple adaxially, light purple abaxially, stellate, membranous, lobed more than
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<normalizedToken originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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the way to the base, the lobes 4-5 mm long, 1-1.7 mm wide, spreading at anthesis and becoming reflexed in older flowers, deltate to lanceolate, glabrous on both surfaces, minutely papillose at tips and margins. Stamens 2.5-3 mm long; filament tube
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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0.3 mm long, the free portion of the filaments up to 0.2 mm long, equal in length or slightly unequal, and when so, two filaments slightly longer (barely visible in dried material), glabrous; anthers 2-2.5 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, ellipsoid, slightly connivent, yellow, poricidal at the tips the pores directed introrsely, elongating to longitudinal slits with age. Ovary glabrous; style 4-6 mm long, white, straight, glabrous, the stigma light grayish green, capitate. Fruit a globose berry 1-1.5 cm in diameter, dull green at maturity, with irregular black spots (Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al. 1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A. M. Amorim), C-F (L. L. Giacomin)." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1F</figureCitation>
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) drying grayish brown, the pericarp glabrous, not shiny; fruiting pedicels 2.0-2.4 cm long, clearly obconical,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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0.5 mm in diam. at the base, widening markedly towards the apex to
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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2.5 mm in diam.; calyx lobes in fruit
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ca.</emphasis>
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1.5 mm long, commonly broken off in dried fruiting material. Seeds 20-25 per berry, 2.5-4.5 mm long, 2-3.3 mm wide, ovoid-reniform to somewhat flattened towards the margins, light to dark brown, the surface irregularly pitted, the testal cells undulate.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis>
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Holotype specimen (sheet two) of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Giacomin et al. 1854</emphasis>
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, BHCB019057). Reproduced with permission of the Universidade Federal de Minas de Gerais.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Restricted to the state of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo (Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Distribution of Solanum filirhachis." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">7</figureCitation>
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), in south-eastern Brazil. Collections are known from the central and northern parts of the state, from both sides of the Rio Doce.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="8" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Figure 7.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Rare in the understory of well-preserved fragments of the sub-montane and montane Brazilian Atlantic coastal rainforest (
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Floresta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
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Densa
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</emphasis>
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;
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<bibRefCitation author="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica" journalOrPublisher="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Rio de Janeiro" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 271" refId="B9" refString="Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, IBGE, 2012. Manual tecnico da vegetacao brasileira. Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica, Rio de Janeiro: 1 - 271" title="Manual tecnico da vegetacao brasileira" year="2012">IBGE 2012</bibRefCitation>
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), normally in formations where granitic outcrops are present or close by, in elevations ranging from 200 to 750 m.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Fertile specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are known mostly from the rainy season (from November to March), but the type collection from June indicates that the species might be fertile for a longer period. Mature fruits were observed in specimens from November and June.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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The epithet refers to the long and slender inflorescence rachis, which is not observed in any of the Brazilian sympatric species, although a common feature in some species of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dun" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum confine" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confine">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum confine</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group from Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela (
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 405" refId="B12" refString="Knapp, S, 2002a. Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae). Flora Neotropica 84: 1 - 405" title="Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae)." volume="84" year="2002 a">Knapp 2002a</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="preliminary conservation status (iucn 2013)">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Preliminary conservation status (IUCN 2013).</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Endangered (EN) B1, B2 ab (ii, iii, iv); EOO 1,136 km2 (EN); AOO 20 km2 (EN).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is currently known from only five localities, and all collections are from within private properties, where agriculture (both large and small scale) is known to occur. Despite the fact that it inhabits higher elevations that are usually harder to access and not always suitable for agriculture, we strongly recommend that further efforts to map new populations of the species should be undertaken, mainly within protected areas with similar forest types. Although the type locality of Santa Teresa in central Espirito Santo has several well preserved fragments of forest, the landscape has been rapidly transformed in the last few decades to
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<taxonomicName class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtiflorae" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and coffee plantations, and summer vacation homes (cottages).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is remarkably similar to a suite of species of the Geminata clade with ruffled leaf margins (see Figure
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Photograph of living plants of Solanum amorimii, Solanum apiahyense and Solanum filirhachis. A Immature fruit of Solanum amorimii (Giacomin et al. 1962) B Flowers of Solanum amorimii (Amorim et al. 5210) C Inflorescence with flower and fruit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) D Habit of Solanum apiahyense (Giacomin et al. 1086) E Inflorescence, flower and leaves of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854) F Fruit (immature) of Solanum filirhachis (Giacomin et al. 1854). Photographs: A (S. Knapp), B (A. M. Amorim), C-F (L. L. Giacomin)." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">1E</figureCitation>
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) and long filiform inflorescences (
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum leptorhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptorhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum leptorhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Bitter and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="S. Knapp" authorityYear="1992" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum nematorhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="nematorhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum nematorhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S.Knapp from the W Andean slopes in Colombia and Ecuador and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Bitter ex S. Knapp" authorityYear="1986" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum tenuiflagellatum" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tenuiflagellatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum tenuiflagellatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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S.Knapp of Venezuela).
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Flora Neotropica" pageId="23" pageNumber="24" pagination="1 - 405" refId="B12" refString="Knapp, S, 2002a. Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae). Flora Neotropica 84: 1 - 405" title="Solanum section Geminata (G. Don) Walpers (Solanaceae)." volume="84" year="2002 a">Knapp (2002a</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation author="Knapp, S" journalOrPublisher="Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="24" pageNumber="25" pagination="405 - 458" publicationUrl="10.3417/2006159" refId="B14" refString="Knapp, S, 2008. A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae). Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 95 (3): 405 - 458, DOI: 10.3417/2006159" title="A revision of the Solanum havanense species group (section Geminata (G. Don) Walp. pro parte) and new taxonomic additions to the Geminata clade (Solanum: Solanaceae)." url="10.3417/2006159" volume="95" year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
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) treated these as members of her
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dun" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum confine" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confine">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum confine</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group, all of whose members have a thin inflorescence rhachis, small flowers and leaves with ruffled (undulate) margins, although this latter character is impossible to see in herbarium specimens.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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differs from those species in its distribution and in the tufts of trichomes in the abaxial leaf vein axils (domatia); other members of this morphologically similar set of species are glabrous or have fine, golden pubescence. The only Brazilian species Knapp (2002) placed in this group was
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vell" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum stipulatum" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stipulatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum stipulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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which can be easily distinguished from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by its shorter inflorescences, flowers with reflexed corolla lobes and winged stems with anisophyllous difoliate, geminate sympodial units.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Vell" authorityYear="1829" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum stipulatum" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="stipulatum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum stipulatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is usually a shrub of watercourses, and often grows amongst rocks and is submerged in floods, while
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a slender treelet of forest understory. The relationships of the
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Dun" authorityYear="1852" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum confine" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="confine">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum confine</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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group have not yet been tested using molecular markers.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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Another Brazilian species with which
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be confused is
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum campaniforme" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campaniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum campaniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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that has similar (but somewhat stouter) elongate inflorescences and tufts of uniseriate trichomes in the abaxial leaf vein axils.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has leaves with ruffled margins tht normally dry pale green and smaller flowers (0.6-0.8 cm in diameter) that (at least in the type specimen) are tinged purple;
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum campaniforme" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="campaniforme">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum campaniforme</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has leaves with entire, non-ruffled margins that normally dry black or brownish black and larger flowers (1.2-1.8 cm in diameter) with strongly cucullate corolla lobes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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We have designated a two sheet holotype for
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Giacomin & Stehmann" authorityYear="2015" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum filirhachis" order="Solanales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="filirhachis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Solanum filirhachis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in order to represent both flower and fruit in the type sheets.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
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BRAZIL.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Espírito">Espirito</normalizedToken>
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Santo:
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</emphasis>
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Mun.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Águia">Aguia</normalizedToken>
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Branca, Assentamento 16 de Abril,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="54" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="25" value="-18.906944">18°54'25"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="44" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-40.734722">40°44'05"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 150-200 m, 15 Mar 2006 (fl),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. Demuner et al. 1919</emphasis>
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(MBML, BHCB); Mun. Santa Leopoldina, Colina Verde (Morro do Agudo), prop. Israel Elias Ramos (trilha da casa),
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="06" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="12" value="-20.103334">20°06'12"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="26" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="30" value="-40.44167">40°26'30"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 250-370 m, 29 Nov 2007 (fl, fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. Demuner et al. 4628</emphasis>
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(MBML, BHCB); Mun. Santa Leopoldina, Pedra Branca, mata na Serra Santa Lucia, prop. Cristiano Bremencampi,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="20" direction="south" minutes="01" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="36" value="-20.026667">20°01'36"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="29" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-40.49222">40°29'32"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 300-600 m, 30 Nov 2007 (fr),
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. Demuner et al. 4655</emphasis>
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(MBML, BHCB). Mun.
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Águia">Aguia</normalizedToken>
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Branca, Rochedo, Trilha do
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Córrego">Corrego</normalizedToken>
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, prop. Ailton Corteleti,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="18" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-18.955833">18°57'21"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="40" direction="west" minutes="48" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="05" value="-40.801388">40°48'05"W</geoCoordinate>
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, 300-400 m, 19 Dec 2007 (fl, fr),
|
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">V. Demuner et al. 4817</emphasis>
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(MBML, BHCB).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |