treatments-xml/data/2B/5A/F7/2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8.xml

<document id="650F097D3A81A95A42731690B8DAA367" ID-CLB-Dataset="301885" ID-DOI="10.11646/phytotaxa.646.1.3" ID-GBIF-Dataset="26a7ba6b-0013-4361-8586-1c716a05061a" ID-ISSN="1179-3163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215192" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="jonas" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="jonas" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1722597536032" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Pahlevani, Amirhossein &amp; Falatoury, Atiye Nejad" docDate="2024" docId="2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8" docLanguage="en" docName="phytotaxa.646.1.3.pdf" docOrigin="Phytotaxa 646 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.646.1.3" docStyle="DocumentStyle:96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9.13:Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleId="96748F8F1B6C902996E134952A3A36B9" docStyleName="Phytotaxa.2014-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="13" docTitle="Arenaria bulica Stapf ex F. N. Williams 1898" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="53" masterDocId="D7638F37FF968447FF8B10215603FFEC" masterDocTitle="Rediscover of the Iranian endemic alpine Arenaria bulica after 139 years and note of the related species (Caryophyllaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="47" pageNumber="48" updateTime="1725044527643" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-figures="UNSPECIFIED" zenodo-license-treatments="UNSPECIFIED">
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<mods:title id="AE8E7D5FD4AE12336C89ED0F223E5AAE">Rediscover of the Iranian endemic alpine Arenaria bulica after 139 years and note of the related species (Caryophyllaceae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E7EDAFC52CA7610C52E91162CC35276F">Pahlevani, Amirhossein</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E8938694818E0C0526D81191C6E4B691">Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="FC04D21BFBEA3A82F3DA5C26C0074ECD">Falatoury, Atiye Nejad</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="83D9F6F288AB3AE0B4427BAB12D3A4B1">Department of Botany, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2DD34B25C68D3981AFBAF0875838B6C1" type="email">a.falatoury@areeo.ac.ir</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978446FF03163554D4F9C2" box="[136,727,1556,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF03163554D4F9C2" blockId="1.[136,727,1556,1583]" box="[136,727,1556,1583]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<heading id="F804F135FF978446FF03163554D4F9C2" box="[136,727,1556,1583]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" reason="3">
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF978446FF03163554D4F9C2" ID-CoL="683K2" authority="Stapf ex F. N. Williams (1898: 374)" authorityName="Stapf ex F. N. Williams" authorityPageNumber="374" authorityYear="1898" box="[136,727,1556,1583]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FF031635573CF9C3" bold="true" box="[136,319,1556,1583]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
Stapf ex F. N. Williams (1898: 374)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF03161D522BF9BD" blockId="1.[136,1452,1596,1834]" box="[136,1064,1596,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF978446FF03161D55D6F9BD" box="[136,981,1596,1618]" collectionCode="K" collectorName="Stapf" country="Iran" location="Mt. Kuh-Bul" municipality="Mt. Kuh-Bul" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" specimenCode="K000723749" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fars" typeStatus="holotype">
Type:— 
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF978446FF5C161D5717F9BD" box="[215,276,1596,1617]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF978446FEDE161D5782F9BD" box="[341,385,1596,1617]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fars</collectingRegion>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF978446FE01161D5405F9BE" box="[394,518,1596,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Mt. Kuh-Bul</collectingMunicipality>
[Bol], 1885, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FD0C161D54E3F9BD" box="[647,736,1596,1617]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF978446FD0C161D54BBF9BD" box="[647,696,1596,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Stapf</collectorName>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF978446FD67161D5541F9BE" box="[748,834,1596,1618]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<specimenCode id="F355EE22FF978446FCCC161D55C8F9BD" box="[839,971,1596,1617]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">K000723749</specimenCode>
!)
</materialsCitation>
(
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF978446FC69161D5219F9BD" box="[994,1050,1596,1618]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1222,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[346,1242,350,1194]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Arenaria bulica (K000723749!). © Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620976/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978446FF0316415565F999" box="[136,870,1632,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF0316415565F999" blockId="1.[136,1452,1596,1834]" box="[136,870,1632,1654]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
= 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF978446FF1716415505F999" authority="Rechinger filius &amp; Esfandiari" authorityName="Rechinger filius &amp; Esfandiari" box="[156,774,1632,1654]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FF1716415768F999" box="[156,363,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Arenaria minutissima</emphasis>
Rechinger filius &amp; Esfandiari (1951: 342)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FC8416415565F999" bold="true" box="[783,870,1632,1653]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978446FF0316A5570FF951" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF0316A5570FF951" blockId="1.[136,1452,1596,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
Type:— 
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF978446FF5C16A55717F975" box="[215,276,1668,1689]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF978446FEDE16A55781F975" box="[341,386,1668,1689]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fars</collectingRegion>
: Mt. Kuh Dinar (Dena), Sichani Pass, 
<date id="D74D6099FF978446FD7816A55565F975" box="[755,870,1668,1689]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="1949-08-01">1 Aug 1949</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FCFB16A55214F975" box="[880,1047,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
Behboudi 1306 
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF978446FB8316A55214F975" box="[1032,1047,1668,1689]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF978446FBA816A5527AF976" box="[1059,1145,1668,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF978446FBF516A55294F976" box="[1150,1175,1668,1690]" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="Herbarium">W</collectionCode>
16719!, 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF978446FB6E16A55329F976" box="[1253,1322,1668,1690]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="isotype">isotype</typeStatus>
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF978446FABA16A55373F976" box="[1329,1392,1668,1690]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
5025!) (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF978446FF4E168956FCF951" box="[197,255,1704,1726]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,281,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[410,1178,281,1334]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Arenaria minutissima (W16719!). © Natural history Museum Vienna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215194/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978446FF0316ED5479F90D" box="[136,634,1740,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF0316ED5479F90D" blockId="1.[136,1452,1596,1834]" box="[136,634,1740,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="83E36177FF978446FF0316ED5479F90D" box="[136,634,1740,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
= 
<treatmentCitation id="22526048FF978446FF1716ED541AF90D" author="Fadaie, F." box="[156,537,1740,1762]" page=")" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" year="2013">
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF978446FF1716ED541AF90D" ID-CoL="GF94" authority="Fadaie (2013: 33)" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityPageNumber="33" authorityYear="2013" box="[156,537,1740,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica" status="syn. nov.">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FF1716ED5765F90D" box="[156,358,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Arenaria semiromica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF978446FEE716ED541AF90D" author="Fadaie, F." box="[364,537,1740,1762]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" pagination="32 - 39" refId="ref4381" refString="Fadaie, F. (2013) Three new species and a key to the species of the genus Arenaria L. (Caryophyllaceae). in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 19 (1): 32 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.22092 / IJB. 2013.2990" type="journal article" year="2013">Fadaie (2013: 33)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FDA816ED5479F90D" bold="true" box="[547,634,1740,1761]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AB42730FF978446FDA816ED5479F90D" box="[547,634,1740,1761]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">syn. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978446FF0316D1575BF8C5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978446FF0316D1575BF8C5" blockId="1.[136,1452,1596,1834]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
Type:— 
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF978446FF5C16D15717F8E9" box="[215,276,1776,1797]" name="Iran" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF978446FEDC16D157A4F8EA" box="[343,423,1776,1798]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
, East of Semirom, Aineh-Ghabri Mt., 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF978446FC9516D155A1F8E9" box="[798,930,1776,1797]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-3700 m</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF978446FC2616D15221F8E9" box="[941,1058,1776,1797]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" value="1978-08-09">9 Aug 1978</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FBA616D1534BF8E9" box="[1069,1352,1776,1797]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF978446FADD16D153AFF8EA" box="[1366,1452,1776,1798]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF978446FF36173556FAF8C5" box="[189,249,1812,1833]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">TARI</collectionCode>
!) (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF978446FE9A17355749F8C5" box="[273,330,1812,1834]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[136,229,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[173,1413,190,1890]" captionTargetId="figure-27@4.[173,1413,190,1890]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Holotype of Arenaria semiromica (TARI31703). Photo by A. Nejad Falatoury." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215196" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215196/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF978445FF0317795357FEA4" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" type="description">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF978445FF0317795357FEA4" blockId="1.[136,1452,1880,2087]" lastBlockId="2.[136,1452,158,329]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF978446FF03177957A3F89E" bold="true" box="[136,416,1880,1906]" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Ememnded description</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF978446FE391779541CF89E" box="[434,543,1880,1906]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStart-2="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,2064,2086]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1689,1711]" captionStartId-2="7.[136,229,1241,1263]" captionTargetBox-1="[402,1184,662,1664]" captionTargetBox-2="[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetId-0="figure-298@5.[348,1239,713,2039]" captionTargetId-1="figure-244@6.[402,1185,661,1665]" captionTargetId-2="figure-17@7.[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Arenaria bulica (IRAN78477). Photo by A. Falatoury." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. A: Bol peak &amp; habitat of Arenaria bulica; B, C, D, E: Arenaria bulica on rocks and boulders in natural habitat; B, C: Pahlevani 78477 (IRAN78477); D, E: Pahlevani &amp; Ghamghami 78123 (IRAN78123). Photos by A. Pahlevani." captionText-2="FIGURE 6. A: sepal &amp; petal (Pahlevani 78477); B: Flower, bracts, leaves, petal &amp; capsule (Pahlevani 78477); C: capsule (Behboudi 1306 E); D: petal (Behboudi 1306 E); E: sepals (Behboudi 1306 E); F: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); G: close view of the seed surface (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); H: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Pahlevani 78477); I: close view of the seed surface (Pahlevani 78477). – Scale bars: A-E = 1 mm; F, H = 500 μm; G, I = 100 μm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620980" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215200" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215202" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13620980/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13215200/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/13215202/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="48">Figs. 4–6</figureCitation>
):—Rough-pubescent cushion to rather mat perennial herbs, 3–8(–15) cm high. Stems bearing flowers numerous, filiform, short, decumbent-ascending, 15–30(–50) mm long. Leaves minute, lower obovate (barely ovate), 1–3 × 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF978446FE6317815477F857" box="[488,628,1952,1979]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="0.5">0.5–1.8 mm</quantity>
, upper spathulate to linear-oblanceolate, 2–5(–7) × 1–2(–3) mm, acute, tapering towards the base, barely petiolate, with a rough margin, upper ± glandular. Inflorescences terminal, leafy, 1–2- flowered cymes in distal leaf axils. Bracts lanceolate to narrow lanceolate with narrow membranous margin, acute to acuminate, glandular-hairy, 1.5–2.5(–3.0) × 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF978446FDF3182D5501F7CB" box="[632,770,2060,2087]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="13.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="48" unit="mm" value="0.8" valueMax="1.3" valueMin="0.3">0.3–1.3 mm</quantity>
. Pedicels equal to one and a half times the sepals, glandular-hairy. Sepals 3–5 × 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FEEC10BF57EDFF55" box="[359,494,158,185]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.6" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.6" valueMin="1.2">1.2–1.6 mm</quantity>
long, broad lanceolate to ovate, shortly acuminate, herbaceous with scarious margin, indistinctly uninerved, glandular-hairy. Petals ovate-lanceolate, apex ± rounded, base scarcely clawed, 5–7(–8) × 1.8– 2. 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FF1710C756E2FEED" box="[156,225,230,257]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
. Styles 3, filiform. Stamens 10. Capsules tightly enclosed by calyx, ovoid to suborbicular, shorter than sepals, 2.0–2.7 × 1.5–2.0 mm, opening by 6 recurved teeth. Seeds shiny black, sub-reniform-orbicular, 0.8–1.0 × 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FA94112B53ABFEC9" box="[1311,1448,266,293]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.7">0.7–0.8 mm</quantity>
. Seed surface regularly polygonal to elongate cells with irregular straight margins and convex periclinal walls.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F78C16D1FF948445FF0314E75207FB37" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620976" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620976" box="[136,1028,1221,1244]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620976/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" startId="2.[136,229,1222,1244]" targetBox="[346,1242,350,1194]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF948445FF0314E75207FB37" blockId="2.[136,1028,1221,1244]" box="[136,1028,1221,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FF0314E756FDFB37" bold="true" box="[136,254,1222,1244]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FEF614E75417FB37" authorityName="Stapf ex F. N. Williams" authorityYear="1898" box="[381,532,1222,1243]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FEF614E75417FB37" box="[381,532,1222,1243]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(K000723749!). © Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF948444FF36152B57E4F84A" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF948445FF36152B54E7F960" blockId="2.[136,1452,1290,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FF36152B570AFAC8" bold="true" box="[189,265,1290,1316]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Notes:</emphasis>
—Since 1885, when few individuals from Bol Mt. of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FCE0152A521EFAC8" authorityName="Stapf ex F. N. Williams" authorityYear="1898" box="[875,1053,1290,1317]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FCE0152A521EFAC8" box="[875,1053,1290,1317]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected by Stapf (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF948445FABF152B5375FAC8" box="[1332,1398,1290,1316]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[136,229,1222,1244]" captionTargetId="figure-108@2.[346,1242,350,1194]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Arenaria bulica (K000723749!). © Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620976" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620976/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
), no specimen has been collected from 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF948445FD83150E543BFAA5" box="[520,568,1327,1353]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
locality. Therefore, our collections from two different slopes of Bol Mt. are the second and third ones after ca. 139 years (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF948445FDD3157354C6FA81" box="[600,709,1362,1389]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 4" captionStart-1="FIGURE 5" captionStartId-0="5.[136,229,2064,2086]" captionStartId-1="6.[136,229,1689,1711]" captionTargetBox-1="[402,1184,662,1664]" captionTargetId-0="figure-298@5.[348,1239,713,2039]" captionTargetId-1="figure-244@6.[402,1185,661,1665]" captionTargetPageId-0="5" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionText-0="FIGURE 4. Arenaria bulica (IRAN78477). Photo by A. Falatoury." captionText-1="FIGURE 5. A: Bol peak &amp; habitat of Arenaria bulica; B, C, D, E: Arenaria bulica on rocks and boulders in natural habitat; B, C: Pahlevani 78477 (IRAN78477); D, E: Pahlevani &amp; Ghamghami 78123 (IRAN78123). Photos by A. Pahlevani." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620980" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215200" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/13620980/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/13215200/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Figs. 4–5</figureCitation>
). 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF948445FD5D1572550DFA81" box="[726,782,1363,1389]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Type</typeStatus>
specimens of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FC2715725252FA80" box="[940,1105,1363,1389]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FC2715725252FA80" box="[940,1105,1363,1389]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are from Dinar Mountain (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF948445FAF515735694FA7C" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[136,229,1359,1381]" captionTargetBox="[410,1178,281,1334]" captionTargetId="figure-72@3.[410,1178,281,1334]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Holotype of Arenaria minutissima (W16719!). © Natural history Museum Vienna." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215194" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215194/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
) (
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FF2615575761FA7D" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[173,354,1398,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="342 - 364" refId="ref6054" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1951) Caryophyllaceae novae persicae, afghanicae et kurdicae. Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik, Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 75 (3): 342 - 364." type="journal article" year="1951">Rechinger 1951</bibRefCitation>
) and in Rechinger’s 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FDC2155754E2FA7C" box="[585,737,1398,1424]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Flora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FDC2155754E2FA7C" box="[585,737,1398,1424]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Flora Iranica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<specimenCount id="B5F58DD0FF948445FD631556558EFA7C" box="[744,909,1398,1425]" count="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" type="generic">two specimens</specimenCount>
are mentioned, one being the 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF948445FB571556530FFA7D" box="[1244,1292,1399,1425]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimen and another one from Lalezar Mountain in 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF948445FDB315BA5491FA59" box="[568,658,1435,1461]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Kerman</collectingRegion>
(Kuh-e Lalezar, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FCC415BB55A6FA59" box="[847,933,1434,1461]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</quantity>
, Starmüller 138) (
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FBE515BB5325FA58" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[1134,1318,1434,1460]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 28" refId="ref6010" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1988) Arenaria L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 6 - 28." type="book chapter" year="1988">Rechinger 1988</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FAB315BB56D0FA34" author="Rechinger, K. H." pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 28" refId="ref6010" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1988) Arenaria L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 6 - 28." type="book chapter" year="1988">Rechinger (1988)</bibRefCitation>
has also mentioned another miserable voucher of 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF948445FD70159E555BFA35" box="[763,856,1471,1497]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Kerman</collectingRegion>
, Lalezar Mt. which has been collected by Gabriel (no. 232) and identified as 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FE0B15C254B1FA10" authority="(Rechinger 1988)" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[384,690,1506,1533]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FE0B15C257E6FA10" box="[384,485,1506,1533]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. bulica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FE7815C354A9FA10" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[499,682,1506,1532]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 28" refId="ref6010" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1988) Arenaria L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 6 - 28." type="book chapter" year="1988">Rechinger 1988</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. In fact, two different collections of Gabriel and Starmüller from the same locality was considered by Rechinger as different species. Later on, another chasmophytic alpine species of the genus, 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FF5D160A5775F9A8" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[214,374,1579,1605]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FF5D160A5775F9A8" box="[214,374,1579,1605]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, has described from 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF948445FDD0160B54BBF9A8" box="[603,696,1578,1604]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
, Semirom, Aineh-Ghabri Mt. by 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FBAF160B52C1F9A8" author="Fadaie, F." box="[1060,1218,1578,1604]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="32 - 39" refId="ref4381" refString="Fadaie, F. (2013) Three new species and a key to the species of the genus Arenaria L. (Caryophyllaceae). in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 19 (1): 32 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.22092 / IJB. 2013.2990" type="journal article" year="2013">Fadaie (2013)</bibRefCitation>
. Recently, all Iranian 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FF03166E5746F984" box="[136,325,1614,1641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FF03166E56EFF985" box="[136,236,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Arenaria</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
has been revised by 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FDBF166F54D1F984" author="Fadaie, F." box="[564,722,1614,1640]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 63" refId="ref4435" refString="Fadaie, F. (2023) Arenaria L. In: Assadi, M. &amp; Maassoumi, A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 168. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 6 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2023">Fadaie (2023)</bibRefCitation>
who traced a duplicate of 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF948445FB8A166E5232F985" box="[1025,1073,1615,1641]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FB41166E536FF984" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[1226,1388,1615,1641]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FB41166E536FF984" box="[1226,1388,1615,1641]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FA18166E570CF960" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FA18166E570CF960" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
but with different number (TARI 31691).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF948445FF3616B657E7F865" blockId="2.[136,1452,1290,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
In 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FF5416B75770F95C" box="[223,371,1686,1712]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Flora" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="iranica">Flora Iranica</taxonomicName>
and Flora of 
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF948445FD9216B6544AF95D" box="[537,585,1687,1713]" name="Iran" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Iran</collectingCountry>
, 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FDDC16B6550FF95C" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[599,780,1686,1713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FDDC16B6550FF95C" box="[599,780,1686,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FCC116B655F7F95C" ID-CoL="683CL" box="[842,1012,1687,1713]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FCC116B655F7F95C" box="[842,1012,1687,1713]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are distinguished from each other by characters such as size and shape of leaves (3.0– 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FD25169B5506F939" box="[686,773,1722,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
long, linear-lanceolate in 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FBA7169A52B2F938" box="[1068,1201,1722,1749]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FBA7169A5291F938" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1068,1170,1722,1749]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">A. bulica</taxonomicName>
vs
</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FB4B169B531EF939" box="[1216,1309,1722,1749]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 mm</quantity>
long, ovate-lanceolate in 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FE9516FE57C7F914" ID-CoL="683CL" box="[286,452,1759,1785]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FE9516FE57C7F914" box="[286,452,1759,1785]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and sepals (
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FDD216FF54B2F915" box="[601,689,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="3.5">3.5 mm</quantity>
long, lanceolate 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FCFB16FE5584F914" box="[880,903,1759,1784]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">vs</emphasis>
. 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FC1D16FF55D4F915" box="[918,983,1758,1785]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
long, ovate) (see 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FB2B16FF5356F914" author="Rechinger, K. H." box="[1184,1365,1758,1784]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 28" refId="ref6010" refString="Rechinger, K. H. (1988) Arenaria L. In: Rechinger, K. H. (Ed.) Flora Iranica, vol. 163. Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt, Graz, pp. 6 - 28." type="book chapter" year="1988">Rechinger 1988</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FAEA16FF56C6F8F0" author="Fadaie, F." pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 63" refId="ref4435" refString="Fadaie, F. (2023) Arenaria L. In: Assadi, M. &amp; Maassoumi, A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 168. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 6 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2023">Fadaie 2023</bibRefCitation>
). 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FF511723577AF8F0" author="Fadaie, F." box="[218,377,1794,1820]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="6 - 63" refId="ref4435" refString="Fadaie, F. (2023) Arenaria L. In: Assadi, M. &amp; Maassoumi, A. (Eds.) Flora of Iran, vol. 168. Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Tehran, pp. 6 - 63." type="book chapter" year="2023">Fadaie (2023)</bibRefCitation>
distinguish 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FD8D1722546DF8F0" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[518,622,1794,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FD8D1722546DF8F0" box="[518,622,1794,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FD2217225551F8F0" ID-CoL="683CL" box="[681,850,1795,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FD2217225551F8F0" box="[681,850,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FC101722523CF8F0" ID-CoL="GF94" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[923,1087,1795,1821]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FC101722523CF8F0" box="[923,1087,1795,1821]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by only the height of plant (up to 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FF2C170756E3F8AD" box="[167,224,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="4.0">4 cm</quantity>
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FF6117065702F8AC" box="[234,257,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">vs</emphasis>
. up to 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF948445FEDD170757C4F8AD" box="[342,455,1830,1857]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.25" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" unit="cm" value="12.5" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="10.0">10–15 cm</quantity>
in 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FE7B17065490F8AC" ID-CoL="GF94" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[496,659,1831,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FE7B17065490F8AC" box="[496,659,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FD5C1706553DF8AC" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[727,830,1830,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FD5C1706553DF8AC" box="[727,830,1830,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FCF217065221F8AC" ID-CoL="683CL" box="[889,1058,1831,1857]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FCF217065221F8AC" box="[889,1058,1831,1857]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was distinct by only leaves shape (lanceolate-linear vs oblanceolate to obovate), however the author has never collected and studied specimen from Bol Mountain despite her attempts.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF948444FF3617B35398FEED" blockId="2.[136,1452,1290,2072]" lastBlockId="3.[136,1452,158,257]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="50" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">
After close examination of whole existing herbarium specimens of all three above mentioned species, as well as the newly collected specimens from Bol Mt., we found that 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FD7E179655A6F83C" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[757,933,1974,2001]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FD7E179655A6F83C" box="[757,933,1974,2001]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a species with high morphological plasticity as same as some other chasmophytic alpine species [e.g., 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FCAB17FA5304F819" ID-CoL="6BG28" authority="Bornmuller (1907: 435)" authorityName="Bornmuller" authorityPageNumber="435" authorityYear="1907" box="[800,1287,2010,2037]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Crepis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="demavendi">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FCAB17FA55E8F818" box="[800,1003,2010,2037]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Crepis demavendi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FC7E17FB5304F819" author="Bornmuller, J." box="[1013,1287,2010,2037]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="425 - 436" refId="ref4124" refString="Bornmuller, J. (1907) Beitrage zur Flora der Elbursgebirge Nord-Persiens. Bulletin de L'Herbier Boissier 7 (2): 425 - 436." type="journal article" year="1907">Bornmüller (1907: 435)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FA9F17FB54F2F7F4" ID-CoL="35ZYN" authority="(Boissier 1846 a: 14) O. E. Schulz (1924: 184)" authorityName="O. E. Schulz" authorityPageNumber="184" authorityYear="1924" baseAuthorityName="Boissier" baseAuthorityPageNumber="14" baseAuthorityYear="1846" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Brassicaceae" genus="Dielsiocharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Brassicales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="kotschyi">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FA9F17FB56E7F7F4" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Dielsiocharis kotschyi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FF7E17DF57CCF7F4" author="Boissier, P. E." box="[245,463,2046,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" refId="ref4070" refString="Boissier, P. E. (1846 a) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum ser. 6. B. Herman, Leipzig, 136 pp." type="book" year="1846">Boissier 1846a: 14</bibRefCitation>
) O.E. 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FD8417DF54F2F7F4" author="Schulz, O. E." box="[527,753,2046,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" pagination="1 - 388" refId="ref6345" refString="Schulz, O. E. (1924) Cruciferae-Sisymbrieae. IV. In: Engler, H. G. A. (Ed.) Das Pflanzenreich, vol. 105 (Heft 86). Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp. 1 - 388." type="book chapter" year="1924">Schulz (1924: 184)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF948445FC8B17DF52D2F7F4" ID-CoL="3CMXR" authority="Boissier (1846 b: 94)" authorityName="Boissier" authorityPageNumber="94" authorityYear="1846" box="[768,1233,2046,2072]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Euphorbiaceae" genus="Euphorbia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="aucheri">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF948445FC8B17DF55D4F7F4" box="[768,983,2046,2072]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="49">Euphorbia aucheri</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF948445FC6A17DF52D2F7F4" author="Boissier, P. E." box="[993,1233,2046,2072]" pageId="2" pageNumber="49" refId="ref4097" refString="Boissier, P. E. (1846 b) Diagnoses Plantarum Orientalium novarum ser. 7. B. Herman, Leipzig, 130 pp." type="book" year="1846">Boissier (1846b: 94)</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
]. Characters which have already separated these three species such as, size and shape of leaves and sepals, height of plant are overlapped in the studied specimens and are being subject of considerable variation. These characters have a low taxonomic value. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FE8F10C657A8FEEC" ID-CoL="683CL" box="[260,427,231,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE8F10C657A8FEEC" box="[260,427,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FE6A10C65481FEEC" ID-CoL="GF94" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[481,642,231,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE6A10C65481FEEC" box="[481,642,231,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
fall within the morphological variability of the polymorphic 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FAA410C65397FEEC" ID-CoL="683K2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1327,1428,230,257]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FAA410C65397FEEC" box="[1327,1428,230,257]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F78C16D1FF958444FF03156E521EFA89" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215194" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215194" box="[136,1053,1358,1381]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215194/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" startId="3.[136,229,1359,1381]" targetBox="[410,1178,281,1334]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF958444FF03156E521EFA89" blockId="3.[136,1053,1358,1381]" box="[136,1053,1358,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FF03156E56FDFA88" bold="true" box="[136,254,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FEF61571544FFA89" box="[381,588,1360,1381]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FEF61571544FFA89" box="[381,588,1360,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Arenaria minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(W16719!). © Natural history Museum Vienna.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF958444FF3615B557E4F84A" blockId="3.[136,1452,1428,1958]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
Seed macro and micro-morphology in some groups of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FCA015B555E4FA42" box="[811,999,1428,1454]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Caryophyllaceae</taxonomicName>
is valuable and efficient in delimitation of closely related taxa. (e.g. 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FE5A159954A2FA3E" author="Amini, E. &amp; Zarre, Sh. &amp; Assadi, M." box="[465,673,1464,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="660 - 669" refId="ref3826" refString="Amini, E., Zarre, Sh. &amp; Assadi, M. (2011) Seed micro-morphology and its systematic significance in Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) and allied genera. Nordic Journal of Botany 29 (6): 660 - 669. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1756 - 1051.2011.01208. x" type="journal article" year="2011">
Amini 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FDA81599545DFA3E" box="[547,606,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2011
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FD3B1599559EFA3E" author="Mahdavi, M. &amp; Assadi, M. &amp; Fallahian, F. &amp; Nejadsattari, T." box="[688,925,1464,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="302 - 310" refId="ref5248" refString="Mahdavi, M., Assadi, M., Fallahian, F. &amp; Nejadsattari, T. (2012) The systematic significance of seed micro-morphology in Stellaria L. (Caryophyllaceae) and its closest relatives in Iran. Iranian Journal of Botany 18 (2): 302 - 310. https: // doi. org / 10.22092 / IJB. 2016.101514" type="journal article" year="2012">
Mahdavi 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FC961599555BFA3E" box="[797,856,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2012
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FC21159952E8FA3E" author="Nejad Falatoury, A. &amp; Assadi, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F." box="[938,1259,1463,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="276 - 282" refId="ref5497" refString="Nejad Falatoury, A., Assadi, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F. (2015) A new species of Gypsophila (Caryophyllaceae) from Iran. Phytotaxa 222 (4): 276 - 282. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / phytotaxa. 222.4.5" type="journal article" year="2015">
Nejad Falatoury 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FBE7159952A4FA3E" box="[1132,1191,1464,1490]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2015
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FB7215995341FA3E" author="Nejad Falatoury, A. &amp; Assadi, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F." box="[1273,1346,1464,1490]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="1 - 13" refId="ref5599" refString="Nejad Falatoury, A., Assadi, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F. (2016 b) Gypsophila pseudopallida, a new species, and Gypsophila transcaucasica a new record of sect. Paniculaeformes from the North West of Iran. Phyton-Annales Rei Botanicae 56 (1): 1 - 13. https: // doi. org / 10.12905 / 0380. phyton 56 (1) 2016 - 0001" type="journal article" year="2016">2016b</bibRefCitation>
, c, 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FAE715995706FA1A" author="Arabi, Z. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F. &amp; Rabeler, R. K. &amp; Heubl, G. &amp; Zarre, Sh." pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="41 - 59" refId="ref3887" refString="Arabi, Z., Ghahremaninejad, F., Rabeler, R. K., Heubl, G. &amp; Zarre, Sh. (2017) Seed micromorphology and its systematic significance in tribe Alsineae (Caryophyllaceae). Flora 234: 41 - 59. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2017.07.004" type="journal article" year="2017">
Arabi 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FF0315FD56C1FA1A" box="[136,194,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FE9915FD57F2FA1A" author="Hoseini, E. &amp; Assadi, M. &amp; Nejati Edalatiyan, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F." box="[274,497,1500,1526]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="31 - 38" refId="ref4779" refString="Hoseini, E., Assadi, M., Nejati Edalatiyan, M. &amp; Ghahremaninejad, F. (2017) Seed micromorphology and its implication in subgeneric classification of Silene (Caryophyllaceae, Sileneae). Flora 228: 31 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2017.01.006" type="journal article" year="2017">
Hoseini 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FEF915FD57AFFA1A" box="[370,428,1500,1526]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2017
</bibRefCitation>
). In a rather comprehensive study, seeds of 64 taxa representing eight genera of the tribe 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FF4E16215726F9F6" authorityName="Lamarck &amp; Candolle" authorityYear="1815" box="[197,293,1536,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="tribe" tribe="Alsineae">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FF4E16215726F9F6" box="[197,293,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Alsineae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with special focus on the “ 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FDED162154C9F9F6" authorityName="Ruppius ex Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[614,714,1536,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FDED162154C9F9F6" box="[614,714,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex” were analyzed, including 37 taxa of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FB7B16215357F9F6" authorityName="Ruppius ex Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[1264,1364,1536,1562]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FB7B16215357F9F6" box="[1264,1364,1536,1562]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Arenaria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 15 species of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FE8F16055787F9D1" authorityName="Fenzl" authorityYear="1833" box="[260,388,1572,1597]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Eremogone" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE8F16055787F9D1" box="[260,388,1572,1597]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Eremogone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Seeds colour in most studied 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FD651605557EF9D2" box="[750,893,1572,1598]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FD6516055551F9D2" authorityName="Ruppius ex Linnaeus" authorityYear="1753" box="[750,850,1572,1598]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus" sensu="lato">Arenaria</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AB42730FF958444FCD71605557EF9D2" box="[860,893,1572,1598]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" sensu="lato">s.l.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
species are black and dull however; seed shape and size vary highly (
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FEF016695475F98E" author="Sadeghian, S. &amp; Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G." box="[379,630,1608,1634]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="513 - 529" refId="ref6214" refString="Sadeghian, S., Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G. (2014) Systematic implication of seed micromorphology in Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) and allied genera. Flora 209 (9): 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2014.07.004" type="journal article" year="2014">
Sadeghian 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE7216695432F98E" box="[505,561,1608,1634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
). Here, we examined seed macro and micro-morphology of two different populations of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FEB9164D579BF96A" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[306,408,1644,1670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FEB9164D579BF96A" box="[306,408,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
including, 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF958444FD92164D544AF96A" box="[537,585,1644,1670]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FD69164D5587F969" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[738,900,1644,1670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FD69164D5587F969" box="[738,900,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and newly collected specimen of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FA8C164D536EF96A" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1287,1389,1644,1670]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FA8C164D536EF96A" box="[1287,1389,1644,1670]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF958444FF0316B156BBF946" box="[136,184,1680,1706]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">type</typeStatus>
location to evaluate and compare to each other. Among existing herbarium specimens with 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FB3D16B1535FF945" box="[1206,1372,1680,1706]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="minutissima">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FB3D16B1535FF945" box="[1206,1372,1680,1706]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. minutissima</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
labels, no mature seed found for photo microscopy. In both populations, seeds macro and micro-morphology were similar as indicated in description part (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF958444FD8916F95477F91E" box="[514,628,1752,1778]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1241,1263]" captionTargetBox="[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. A: sepal &amp; petal (Pahlevani 78477); B: Flower, bracts, leaves, petal &amp; capsule (Pahlevani 78477); C: capsule (Behboudi 1306 E); D: petal (Behboudi 1306 E); E: sepals (Behboudi 1306 E); F: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); G: close view of the seed surface (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); H: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Pahlevani 78477); I: close view of the seed surface (Pahlevani 78477). – Scale bars: A-E = 1 mm; F, H = 500 μm; G, I = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215202/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6F–I</figureCitation>
). This species has shiny black seeds whereas, most studied species by 
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FF0316DD5791F8FA" author="Sadeghian, S. &amp; Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G." box="[136,402,1788,1814]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="513 - 529" refId="ref6214" refString="Sadeghian, S., Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G. (2014) Systematic implication of seed micromorphology in Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) and allied genera. Flora 209 (9): 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2014.07.004" type="journal article" year="2014">
Sadeghian 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE8E16DD573CF8FA" box="[261,319,1788,1814]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
(2014)
</bibRefCitation>
are dull black. The testa cells are polygonal with colliculate-simple sculpturing and straight margins. Anticlinal walls of testa cells are deep with convex outer periclinal walls which are common characters in seeds studied species of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FE101765550DF8B2" authority="(Sadeghian et al. 2014)" baseAuthorityName="Sadeghian" baseAuthorityYear="2014" box="[411,782,1860,1886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FE10176557FCF8B2" box="[411,511,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Arenaria</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF958444FD8517655505F8B2" author="Sadeghian, S. &amp; Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G." box="[526,774,1860,1886]" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" pagination="513 - 529" refId="ref6214" refString="Sadeghian, S., Zarre, S. &amp; Heubl, G. (2014) Systematic implication of seed micromorphology in Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) and allied genera. Flora 209 (9): 513 - 529. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. flora. 2014.07.004" type="journal article" year="2014">
Sadeghian 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FD07176554C6F8B2" box="[652,709,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">et al.</emphasis>
2014
</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
(
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF958444FC9617655561F8B2" box="[797,866,1860,1886]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1241,1263]" captionTargetBox="[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[434,1153,245,1217]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 6. A: sepal &amp; petal (Pahlevani 78477); B: Flower, bracts, leaves, petal &amp; capsule (Pahlevani 78477); C: capsule (Behboudi 1306 E); D: petal (Behboudi 1306 E); E: sepals (Behboudi 1306 E); F: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); G: close view of the seed surface (Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian 31703); H: Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of seed (Pahlevani 78477); I: close view of the seed surface (Pahlevani 78477). – Scale bars: A-E = 1 mm; F, H = 500 μm; G, I = 100 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215202" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215202/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
). Seed macro and micro-morphology of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FAA717655392F8B2" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[1324,1425,1860,1886]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FAA717655392F8B2" box="[1324,1425,1860,1886]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the first survey as representative of Sect. 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF958444FDC51749559CF86E" authority="McNeill (1988: 9)" authorityName="McNeill" authorityPageNumber="9" authorityYear="1988" box="[590,927,1896,1922]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Parviflorae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="3" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF958444FDC5174954CCF86E" box="[590,719,1896,1922]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="50">Parviflorae</emphasis>
McNeill (1988: 9)
</taxonomicName>
and no sample has been considered in previous seed micromorphology studies.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F78C16D1FF928443FF03175A55F6F87D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215196" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13215196" box="[136,1013,1915,1937]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215196/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" startId="4.[136,229,1915,1937]" targetBox="[173,1413,190,1890]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF928443FF03175A55F6F87D" blockId="4.[136,1013,1915,1937]" box="[136,1013,1915,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF928443FF03175A56FDF87C" bold="true" box="[136,254,1915,1937]" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
Holotype of 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF928443FEF6175A5444F87D" authorityName="Fadaie" authorityYear="2013" box="[381,583,1915,1937]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="4" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="semiromica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF928443FEF6175A5444F87D" box="[381,583,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="51">Arenaria semiromica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(TARI31703). Photo by A. Nejad Falatoury.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF938442FF3610BF558AFD5C" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF938442FF3610BF558AFD5C" blockId="5.[136,1452,158,689]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FF3610BF5457FF54" bold="true" box="[189,596,158,184]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Ecology and conservation status:</emphasis>
— 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF938442FDFB10BE5525FF54" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[624,806,158,185]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FDFB10BE5525FF54" box="[624,806,158,185]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has been collected by a few botanists from the alpine regions of central to southern Zagros on rocks and boulders (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF938442FCB510E35581FF30" box="[830,898,194,220]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[136,229,1856,1878]" captionTargetBox="[400,1187,1469,1811]" captionTargetId="figure-127@7.[400,1187,1469,1811]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Distribution map of Arenaria bulica in Zagros Mts. of Iran. (Generated by GeoCat tool at http://geocat.kew.org)" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215204" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215204/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
) at elevation 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF938442FB9510E352BEFF31" box="[1054,1213,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="3400.0" valueMax="3900.0" valueMin="2900.0">2900–3900 m</quantity>
. Remaining last year dried leaves, compact form, densely branched body, low growth 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF938442FCE810C755DAFEED" box="[867,985,230,257]" form="rates" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" rank="form">form rates</taxonomicName>
, and lack of developed soils in its habitat all together are features of one of the usual and well-known growth forms, cushion life, in the cold and dry Irano-Turanian alpines (
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF938442FEDA110F5437FEA4" author="Boucher, F. C. &amp; Lavergne, S. &amp; Basile, M. &amp; Choler, P. &amp; Aubert, S." box="[337,564,302,328]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" pagination="22 - 31" refId="ref4151" refString="Boucher, F. C., Lavergne, S., Basile, M., Choler, P. &amp; Aubert, S. (2016) Evolution and biogeography of the cushion life form in angiosperms. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 20: 22 - 31. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ppees. 2016.03.002" type="journal article" year="2016">
Boucher 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FE33110E57F3FEA4" box="[440,496,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
2016
</bibRefCitation>
). This kind of growth form, especially in the thornless 
<typeStatus id="7C48F8FBFF938442FB13110E52C8FEA5" box="[1176,1227,303,329]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
, is vulnerable to the harsh and unpleasant environmental conditions as well as other disturbance such as grazing. Based on conservation analysis, criterion B including extent of occurrence (EOO = 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF938442FCA31157559AFE7C" box="[808,921,374,400]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.897" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="48970.0">48970 km</quantity>
<superScript id="5486EB11FF938442FC12115755A2FE68" attach="left" box="[921,929,374,388]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2</superScript>
) and area of occupancy (AOO = 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF938442FA9811575387FE7C" box="[1299,1412,374,401]" metricMagnitude="7" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" unit="km" value="15000.0">15000 km</quantity>
<superScript id="5486EB11FF938442FA0F1157538FFE68" attach="left" box="[1412,1420,374,388]" fontSize="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">2</superScript>
) it is assessed as LC (least concern), but according to criterion C, including number of mature individuals with less than 50 [C2(a)i] as well as few numbers of individuals in the field (only two small populations and 2–4 individuals for each during three years excursion in Bol Mt.), delicate and fragile habit, few number of localities (less than 6), exposed to the over-grazing and habitat as well as IUCN categories, the endemic chasmophytic alpine species (
<figureCitation id="3BC85ADCFF938442FB6A12275320FDCD" box="[1249,1315,518,545]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="6.[136,229,1689,1711]" captionTargetBox="[402,1184,662,1664]" captionTargetId="figure-244@6.[402,1185,661,1665]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 5. A: Bol peak &amp; habitat of Arenaria bulica; B, C, D, E: Arenaria bulica on rocks and boulders in natural habitat; B, C: Pahlevani 78477 (IRAN78477); D, E: Pahlevani &amp; Ghamghami 78123 (IRAN78123). Photos by A. Pahlevani." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13215200" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13215200/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
) is assessed as Critically Endangered (CR) (
<bibRefCitation id="C7623BA8FF938442FE7A120B547EFDA8" author="IUCN" box="[497,637,554,580]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" refId="ref4947" refString="IUCN (2023) Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria. Version 12. Available from: http: // www. iucnredlist. org / documents / Red List Guidelines. pdf (accessed 27 March 2024)" type="url" year="2023">IUCN 2023</bibRefCitation>
). In the case of the herbarium specimen which has been collected from 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF938442FF03126E5755FD84" box="[136,342,590,617]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Lorestan province</collectingRegion>
Runemark &amp; Lazari 26477 (TARI), it is insufficient and immature specimen and its location in central Zagros is also far from the other ones occur in S Zagros. More materials need for final decision whether it would be confirmed as 
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF938442FE0412B657F7FD5C" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[399,500,662,689]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FE0412B657F7FD5C" box="[399,500,662,689]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">A. bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
or is another chasmophytic species.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="F78C16D1FF938442FF031831550EF7CA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13620980" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13620980" box="[136,781,2064,2086]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13620980/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" startId="5.[136,229,2064,2086]" targetBox="[348,1239,713,2039]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF938442FF031831550EF7CA" blockId="5.[136,781,2064,2086]" box="[136,781,2064,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FF03183156FDF7C9" bold="true" box="[136,254,2064,2086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64F33DDAFF938442FE8818315798F7C9" baseAuthorityName="Rechinger" baseAuthorityYear="1988" box="[259,411,2064,2085]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Arenaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="5" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="bulica">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF938442FE8818315798F7C9" box="[259,411,2064,2085]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="52">Arenaria bulica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(IRAN78477). Photo by A. Falatoury.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="EBE915D2FF908441FF3610BF558EFDA8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A34C4659FF908441FF3610BF558EFDA8" blockId="6.[136,1452,158,581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FF3610BF5442FF54" bold="true" box="[189,577,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Additional specimens studied:—</emphasis>
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FDCA10BF55E8FF30" collectingDate="2007-06-02" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Fadaie &amp; Nasiri &amp; Shahrokhi" country="Iran" county="Prov. Chaharmahal" elevation="2800" location="South of Sibak" municipality="Bakhtiari" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF908441FDCA10BF548AFF54" box="[577,649,158,184]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FD1810BE556AFF54" box="[659,873,158,185]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Prov. Chaharmahal</collectingCounty>
va 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FC1910BF55FEFF54" box="[914,1021,158,184]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Bakhtiari</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB8310BF52B1FF54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB8310BF52B1FF54" box="[1032,1202,158,184]" country="Iran" county="Prov. Chaharmahal" municipality="Bakhtiari" name="South of Sibak" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">South of Sibak</location>
, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB3610BF52FDFF54" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB3610BF52FDFF54" box="[1213,1278,158,184]" country="Iran" county="Prov. Chaharmahal" municipality="Bakhtiari" name="North" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">North</location>
slope of 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FAEE10BF56F6FF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FAEE10BF56F6FF30" country="Iran" county="Prov. Chaharmahal" municipality="Bakhtiari" name="Kallar mountain" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kallar mountain</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FE8A10E3575AFF31" box="[257,345,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2800.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FE8A10E3575AFF31" box="[257,345,194,221]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2800.0">2800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FEEE10E357F2FF30" box="[357,497,194,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2007-06-02">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FEEE10E357F2FF30" box="[357,497,194,221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2007-06-02">2 June 2007</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FE7610E3558EFF30" box="[509,909,194,220]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FE7610E3544CFF30" box="[509,591,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fadaie</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FDD010E254A2FF30" box="[603,673,195,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Nasiri</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FD5010E3554EFF30" box="[731,845,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Shahrokhi</collectorName>
1063
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FC1610E355E0FF30" box="[925,995,194,220]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FC7C10E355B3FEEC" collectingDate="2008-07-04" collectionCode="N, E, TARI" collectorName="Mozaffarian" country="Iran" elevation="2835" location="Sibak village" municipality="Kuh-e Kallar" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FC7C10E35289FF30" box="[1015,1162,194,220]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kuh-e Kallar</collectingMunicipality>
from 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB5A10E35364FF30" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB5A10E35364FF30" box="[1233,1383,194,220]" country="Iran" municipality="Kuh-e Kallar" name="Sibak village" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Sibak village</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FAF810E356A3FEED" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2835.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FAF810E356A3FEED" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.835" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2835.0">2835 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 31˚ 51′ 29″ 
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FEA610C65747FEED" box="[301,324,231,257]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 50˚ 56′ 22″ 
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FE5A10C657E7FEED" box="[465,484,231,257]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FE6410C75470FEEC" box="[495,627,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2008-07-04">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FE6410C75470FEEC" box="[495,627,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2008-07-04">4 July 2008</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FDF610C75557FEEC" box="[637,852,230,256]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FDF610C75504FEEC" box="[637,775,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mozaffarian</collectorName>
96810
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FCE910C755ABFEEC" box="[866,936,230,256]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FC3110C75506FEC8" collectingDate="1986-07-04" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Mozaffarian" country="Iran" county="North" elevation="2875" location="South of Sibak" municipality="Kuh-e Kallar" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FC3110C755F8FEEC" box="[954,1019,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">North</collectingCounty>
slope of 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FBEA10C752F6FEEC" box="[1121,1269,230,256]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kuh-e Kallar</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB7410C753A4FEEC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB7410C753A4FEEC" box="[1279,1447,230,256]" country="Iran" county="North" municipality="Kuh-e Kallar" name="South of Sibak" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">South of Sibak</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FF03112B5720FEC9" box="[136,291,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2875.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2550.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FF03112B5720FEC9" box="[136,291,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.875" metricValueMax="3.2" metricValueMin="2.55" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2875.0" valueMax="3200.0" valueMin="2550.0">2550-3200 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FEB9112B57BDFEC8" box="[306,446,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1986-07-04">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FEB9112B57BDFEC8" box="[306,446,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1986-07-04">4 July 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FE40112B54A5FEC8" box="[459,678,266,292]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FE40112B5456FEC8" box="[459,597,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mozaffarian</collectorName>
57400
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FD33112B54FDFEC8" box="[696,766,266,292]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FC98112B5467FEA4" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Fadaie &amp; Nasiri &amp; Shahrokhi" country="Iran" county="South of Sibak" elevation="3400" location="Kallar mountain" municipality="North" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FC98112B55C0FEC8" box="[787,963,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">South of Sibak</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FC5A112B5211FEC8" box="[977,1042,266,292]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">North</collectingMunicipality>
slope of 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB09112B533CFEC8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB09112B533CFEC8" box="[1154,1343,266,292]" country="Iran" county="South of Sibak" municipality="North" name="Kallar mountain" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kallar mountain</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FAC6112B53A4FEC9" box="[1357,1447,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3400.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FAC6112B53A4FEC9" box="[1357,1447,266,293]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3400.0">3400 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FF03110F5405FEA4" box="[136,518,302,329]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FF03110F56D9FEA4" box="[136,218,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fadaie</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FF6C110E572EFEA4" box="[231,301,303,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Nasiri</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FED8110F57C6FEA4" box="[339,453,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Shahrokhi</collectorName>
1067
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FD9D110F545FFEA4" box="[534,604,302,328]" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FDFB110F536AFEA4" box="[624,1385,302,329]" collectingDate="1986-06-30" collectingDateMax="1986-06-30" collectingDateMin="1978-08-09" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Mozaffarian" country="Iran" county="Sabzkuh" elevation="2795" location="Sabzkuh" municipality="Mozaffarian" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Esfahan">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FDFB110F54D0FEA4" box="[624,723,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Sabzkuh</collectingCounty>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FD6B110F5579FEA5" box="[736,890,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.795" metricValueMax="3.19" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2795.0" valueMax="3190.0" valueMin="2400.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FD6B110F5579FEA5" box="[736,890,302,329]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.795" metricValueMax="3.19" metricValueMin="2.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="2795.0" valueMax="3190.0" valueMin="2400.0">2400-3190 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FC0C110F5221FEA4" box="[903,1058,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1986-06-30">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FC0C110F5221FEA4" box="[903,1058,302,329]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1986-06-30">30 June 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FBA4110F530BFEA4" box="[1071,1288,302,328]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FBA4110F52BAFEA4" box="[1071,1209,302,328]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mozaffarian</collectorName>
57295
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FA93110F535DFEA4" box="[1304,1374,302,328]" collectionName="Taiwan [Republic of China], Taichung, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FAFA110E53A8FE80" collectingDate="1978-08-09" collectingDateMax="1986-06-30" collectingDateMin="1978-08-09" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian" country="Iran" county="Sabzkuh" elevation="3350" location="East of Semirom" municipality="Mozaffarian" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Esfahan">
Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF908441FF03117356E4FE80" box="[136,231,338,364]" country="Iran" name="Esfahan" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Esfahan</collectingRegion>
: 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FF78117257B4FE80" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FF78117257B4FE80" box="[243,439,338,365]" country="Iran" county="Sabzkuh" municipality="Mozaffarian" name="East of Semirom" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Esfahan">East of Semirom</location>
, Kuh-e Aineh-Ghabri, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FD361173555BFE81" box="[701,856,338,365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3000.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FD361173555BFE81" box="[701,856,338,365]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3350.0" valueMax="3700.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-3700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FCED117355F3FE80" box="[870,1008,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1978-08-09">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FCED117355F3FE80" box="[870,1008,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1978-08-09">9 Aug 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FC761173534AFE80" box="[1021,1353,338,365]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FC761173524BFE80" box="[1021,1096,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Assadi</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FBFB117352F9FE80" box="[1136,1274,338,364]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mozaffarian</collectorName>
31691
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FAD11173539EFE80" box="[1370,1437,338,364]" collectionName="Taiwan [Republic of China], Taichung, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FF03115657C3FE58" collectingDate="2022-07-27" collectingDateMax="2022-07-27" collectingDateMin="1978-08-09" collectionCode="IRAN" collectorName="Pahlevani &amp; Ghamghami" country="Iran" county="Sabzkuh" elevation="3825" location="Bol Mt." municipality="Mozaffarian" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Fars">
Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF908441FF40115656FDFE7D" box="[203,254,375,401]" country="Iran" name="Fars" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Fars</collectingRegion>
, Eghlid, Tang-e Asari, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FD8311575467FE7D" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FD8311575467FE7D" box="[520,612,374,401]" country="Iran" county="Sabzkuh" municipality="Mozaffarian" name="Bol Mt." pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Fars">Bol Mt.</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FDF91157550FFE7D" box="[626,780,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" metricValueMax="3.95" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3825.0" valueMax="3950.0" valueMin="3700.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FDF91157550FFE7D" box="[626,780,374,401]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.825" metricValueMax="3.95" metricValueMin="3.7" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3825.0" valueMax="3950.0" valueMin="3700.0">3700-3950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 30˚ 46′ 38″ N, 52˚ 45′ 02″ E, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FBFE1157530DFE7C" box="[1141,1294,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2022-07-27">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FBFE1157530DFE7C" box="[1141,1294,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2022-07-27">27 July 2022</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FA901157575CFE58" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FA901157538EFE7C" box="[1307,1421,374,400]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Pahlevani</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FF0311BB5711FE58" box="[136,274,410,436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Ghamghami</collectorName>
78123
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FEE611BB57BBFE58" box="[365,440,410,436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FE4011BB5595FE34" collectingDate="2023-08-14" collectionCode="N, E" collectorName="Pahlevani" country="Iran" county="South of Eghlid" elevation="3610" location="Winter valley" municipality="Sugar" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCount="1">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FE4011BB547CFE58" box="[459,639,410,436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">South of Eghlid</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FD0211BB54C9FE58" box="[649,714,410,436]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Sugar</collectingMunicipality>
factory road, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FCEE11BB55FFFE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FCEE11BB55FFFE58" box="[869,1020,410,436]" country="Iran" county="South of Eghlid" municipality="Sugar" name="Winter valley" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Winter valley</location>
(
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB8111BB52D9FE58" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB8111BB52D9FE58" box="[1034,1242,410,436]" country="Iran" county="South of Eghlid" municipality="Sugar" name="Darreh Zemestani" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Darreh Zemestani</location>
), 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FB6711BB5346FE59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FB6711BB5346FE59" box="[1260,1349,410,437]" country="Iran" county="South of Eghlid" municipality="Sugar" name="Bol Mt." pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Bol Mt.</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FADB11BB53A4FE59" box="[1360,1447,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3610.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FADB11BB53A4FE59" box="[1360,1447,410,437]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.61" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3610.0">3610 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 30˚ 47′ 08″ 
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FE86119E5727FE35" box="[269,292,447,473]" country="China" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13092" name="Nanjing University" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">N</collectionCode>
, 52˚ 44′ 40″ 
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FE3D119E57CAFE35" box="[438,457,447,473]" country="United Kingdom" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15670" name="Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">E</collectionCode>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FE5E119F5469FE34" box="[469,618,446,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2023-08-14">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FE5E119F5469FE34" box="[469,618,446,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="2023-08-14">14 Aug 2023</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FDFE119F5537FE34" box="[629,820,446,472]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FDFE119F54E4FE34" box="[629,743,446,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Pahlevani</collectorName>
78477
</emphasis>
(
<collectingCountry id="DBE406C9FF908441FCC8119F558DFE34" box="[835,910,446,472]" name="Iran" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">IRAN</collectingCountry>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FC29119F54DEFE10" collectingDate="1978-08-02" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Assadi &amp; Mozaffarian" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Dena" elevation="3300" location="Gardaneh-e Bijan" municipality="Gardaneh-e Bijan" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="W 0209381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerman">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FC29119F522EFE35" box="[930,1069,446,473]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kuh-e Dena</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="4328DC23FF908441FBB2119F5300FE34" box="[1081,1283,446,472]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Gardaneh-e Bijan</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FA85119F53A4FE35" box="[1294,1447,446,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3000.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FA85119F53A4FE35" box="[1294,1447,446,473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3300.0" valueMax="3600.0" valueMin="3000.0">3000-3600 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FF0311C35712FE10" box="[136,273,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1978-08-02">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FF0311C35712FE10" box="[136,273,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1978-08-02">2 Aug 1978</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FE9511C35478FE10" box="[286,635,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FE9511C3576AFE10" box="[286,361,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Assadi</collectorName>
and 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FE2F11C3542DFE10" box="[420,558,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Mozaffarian</collectorName>
31196
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FD0011C354CDFE10" box="[651,718,482,508]" collectionName="Taiwan [Republic of China], Taichung, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FD6E11C256F4FDCC" collectingDate="1978-08-02" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Starmuehlner" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Dena" elevation="3800" location="Kuh-e Lalezar" municipality="Gardaneh-e Bijan" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="W 0209381" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerman">
Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF908441FCA311C25586FE11" box="[808,901,483,509]" country="Iran" name="Kerman" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kerman</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FC1911C35234FE10" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FC1911C35234FE10" box="[914,1079,482,508]" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Dena" municipality="Gardaneh-e Bijan" name="Kuh-e Lalezar" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Kerman">Kuh-e Lalezar</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FBC811C3529CFE11" box="[1091,1183,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3800.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FBC811C3529CFE11" box="[1091,1183,482,509]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3800.0">3800 m</elevation>
</quantity>
., 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FB3B11C3537CFE10" box="[1200,1407,482,508]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FB3B11C3534BFE10" box="[1200,1352,482,508]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Starmuehlner</collectorName>
, 138
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="F355EE22FF908441FA1B11C356ECFDCC" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">W 0209381</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FE8A12275519FDCC" box="[257,794,518,544]" collectingDate="1977-07-01" collectionCode="E, TARI" collectorName="Gabriel" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Lalezar" elevation="3500" location="Kuh-e Lalezar" municipality="Gabriel" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="W 0209380" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lorestan">
<collectingCounty id="4A2D3ED5FF908441FE8A122757A0FDCC" box="[257,419,518,544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Kuh-e Lalezar</collectingCounty>
, 1928, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FE7A1227547BFDCC" box="[497,632,518,544]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FE7A1227544BFDCC" box="[497,584,518,544]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Gabriel</collectorName>
237
</emphasis>
(
<specimenCode id="F355EE22FF908441FD0E1227550DFDCC" box="[645,782,518,544]" collectionCode="W" country="Austria" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15588" name="Naturhistorisches Museum Wien" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" type="Herbarium">W 0209380</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="139B4C04FF908441FC941226558AFDA8" collectingDate="1977-07-01" collectionCode="TARI" collectorName="Runemark &amp; Lazari" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Lalezar" elevation="3500" location="Ghali" municipality="Gabriel" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" specimenCode="W 0209380" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Lorestan">
Prov. 
<collectingRegion id="613788BBFF908441FCD4122655C7FDCD" box="[863,964,519,545]" country="Iran" name="Lorestan" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Lorestan</collectingRegion>
, 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FC451227520FFDCC" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FC451227520FFDCC" box="[974,1036,518,544]" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Lalezar" municipality="Gabriel" name="Ghali" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Lorestan">Ghali</location>
kuh, E of the pass on road 
<location id="A62C1082FF908441FF03120B5702FDA8" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B5AF74FFF978441FF031635558EFDA8:A62C1082FF908441FF03120B5702FDA8" box="[136,257,554,580]" country="Iran" county="Kuh-e Lalezar" municipality="Gabriel" name="Aligudarz-Shoulabad" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" stateProvince="Lorestan">Aligudarz-Shoulabad</location>
, 
<quantity id="640BEBBCFF908441FE87120B5760FDA9" box="[268,355,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3500.0">
<elevation id="28DEA16AFF908441FE87120B5760FDA9" box="[268,355,554,581]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" unit="m" value="3500.0">3500 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date id="D74D6099FF908441FEE4120B57F6FDA8" box="[367,501,554,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1977-07-01">
<collectingDate id="C7099971FF908441FEE4120B57F6FDA8" box="[367,501,554,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53" value="1977-07-01">1 July 1977</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis id="91879A4BFF908441FD8B120B552EFDA8" box="[512,813,554,581]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FD8B120B5470FDA8" box="[512,627,554,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Runemark</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName id="0E06238FFF908441FD1C120A54E3FDA8" box="[663,736,555,580]" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">Lazari</collectorName>
26477
</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="C5E2DE9CFF908441FCB7120B5581FDA8" box="[828,898,554,580]" collectionName="Taiwan [Republic of China], Taichung, Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" country="Taiwan" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/a13e-ta1z" name="Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute" pageId="6" pageNumber="53">TARI</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>