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<document id="0FAC4E1D108CF3B4E1F5ADB908BEFC08" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.175735" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7a2b3e60-b1a4-42bb-8447-5484bb70cb57" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="175735" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459818183914" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Wit, Pierre De &amp; Erséus, Christer" docDate="2007" docId="2B1287811823473EFF5EFA7AFD03FA5A" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01426p050.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1426" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Grania fiscellata Wit &amp; Erséus, 2007, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="47" masterDocId="D72BFFF91831472AFFC9FF9DFF99FF80" masterDocTitle="Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean" masterLastPageNumber="50" masterPageNumber="27" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698221622237" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FEEAEACA39B761DBEFFE2D39BED75E70">Seven new species of Grania (Annelida: Clitellata: Enchytraeidae) from New Caledonia, South Pacific Ocean</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B5045CE604C05B58FB6A13B7E22D47F0">Wit, Pierre De</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A65DFB26665F3CA06ED44B37631436BB">Erséus, Christer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="D475AB7968CCD28245E16ECFAC8755B8">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="26565CA00138B95CC95B89944BA832C6">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2B1287811823473EFF5EFA7AFD03FA5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6250884" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119355173" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6250884" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2B1287811823473EFF5EFA7AFD03FA5A" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2B1287811823473EFF5EFA7AFD03FA5A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C18234738FF5EFA7AFEEBF9A4" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A304369718234738FF5EFA7AFE3AF981" blockId="18.[151,419,1511,1572]" box="[151,419,1511,1537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<heading id="F84C81FB18234738FF5EFA7AFE3AF981" bold="true" box="[151,419,1511,1537]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518234738FF5EFA7AFE3AF981" bold="true" box="[151,419,1511,1537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D1418234738FF5EFA7AFEF9F981" ID-CoL="3H7Z2" box="[151,352,1511,1537]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fiscellata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518234738FF5EFA7AFEF9F981" bold="true" box="[151,352,1511,1537]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">Grania fiscellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AFC57FE18234738FEA1FA7AFE3AF981" box="[360,419,1511,1537]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A304369718234738FF5EF997FEEBF9A4" blockId="18.[151,419,1511,1572]" box="[151,370,1546,1572]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
(
<figureCitation id="3B802A1218234738FF56F997FE9DF9A4" box="[159,260,1546,1572]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">Figure 9</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="EE39032C18234738FEDBF997FEFEF9A4" box="[274,359,1546,1572]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="7.[151,239,311,335]" captionText="TABLE 1. Distinguishing characters of the new species of Grania from New Caledonia. Segment numbers for chaetal distribution refers to commencement of lateral and ventral chaetae, respectively." pageId="18" pageNumber="45">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C18234738FF5EF9C7FB50F944" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A304369718234738FF5EF9C7FADDF9F4" blockId="18.[151,1437,1626,2012]" box="[151,1348,1626,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518234738FF5EF9C7FE8BF9F4" bold="true" box="[151,274,1626,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="7C00883518234738FF5EF9C7FE97F9F4" box="[151,270,1626,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5AAAE5218234738FED3F9C7FEF6F9F4" box="[282,367,1626,1652]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">SMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="7C00883518234738FEBFF9C7FE31F9F4" box="[374,424,1626,1652]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
coll. 6610, whole-mounted (incomplete) specimen from Touho, stn. NC93-66.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A304369718234738FF0EF91FFB50F944" blockId="18.[151,1437,1626,2012]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518234738FF0EF91FFED7F91C" bold="true" box="[199,334,1666,1692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<typeStatus id="7C00883518234738FF0EF91FFED0F91C" box="[199,329,1666,1692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="C5AAAE5218234738FE9CF91FFE33F91C" box="[341,426,1666,1692]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">SMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="7C00883518234738FE7BF91FFE7DF91C" box="[434,484,1666,1692]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
coll. 6611-6613, 3 mounted specimens (2 of which are incomplete) from Touho, stn. NC93-25;
<collectionCode id="C5AAAE5218234738FE8DF937FE00F944" box="[324,409,1706,1732]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/8z6v-f8is" name="Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">SMNH</collectionCode>
<typeStatus id="7C00883518234738FE69F937FE4BF944" box="[416,466,1706,1732]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
coll. 6617, whole-mounted specimen from Lifou, stn. NC00-36.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C1823473EFF0EF94FFC15FD3A" lastPageId="20" lastPageNumber="47" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" type="description">
<paragraph id="A304369718234739FF0EF94FFC41FE82" blockId="18.[151,1437,1626,2012]" lastBlockId="19.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518234738FF0EF94FFEF8F96C" bold="true" box="[199,353,1746,1772]" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">Description:</emphasis>
Body
<quantity id="64439B7218234738FE79F94FFD93F96C" box="[432,522,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
long (n=1),
<quantity id="64439B7218234738FD54F94FFCDEF96C" box="[669,839,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.1" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.11499999999999999" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.11">0.110.12 mm</quantity>
wide at III,
<quantity id="64439B7218234738FC11F94FFB1BF96C" box="[984,1154,1746,1772]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="0.11" valueMax="0.12" valueMin="0.1">0.100.12 mm</quantity>
at clitellum (n=3). Segment number
<quantity id="64439B7218234738FEF0F967FEEDF894" box="[313,372,1786,1812]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0668" pageId="18" pageNumber="45" unit="in" value="42.0">42 in</quantity>
the only complete specimen. Prostomium rounded, 5565 μm wide, 3545 μm long (n=3); epidermis 820 μm thick on occipital lobes and upper lip, 510 μm at front side (n=3). Peristomium 90100 μm wide at 1/2 (n=3). Ventral chaetae commencing in IV; lateral chaetae commencing in XIVXV. Chaetae of uniform size throughout body, 4045 μm long (n=4); chaetae sharply pointed, entally curved into a hook 810 μm long (
<figureCitation id="3B802A1218234738FEDBF807FEE2F834" box="[274,379,1946,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="45">Figure 9</figureCitation>
A). Epidermal gland cells inconspicuous, interspersed irregularly. Clitellum 1525 μm thick, starting at anterior of XII and extending to chaetal position of XIII, consisting of transverse rows of granular gland cells interspersed with hyaline cells at a ratio of about 4:1 (
<figureCitation id="3B802A1218224739FBD5FF05FB1DFF32" box="[1052,1156,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="46">Figure 9</figureCitation>
B), except around male pores where hyaline cells are absent. “Copulatory glands” not observed in XIV. Spermathecal pores lateral, located right behind 4/5. Male pores located ventrolaterally in mid XII.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F7C4661F18224739FF5EF826FEB1F875" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="46" targetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="A304369718224739FF5EF826FEB1F875" blockId="19.[151,1437,1979,2037]" pageId="19" pageNumber="46">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518224739FF5EF826FE80F853" bold="true" box="[151,281,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="46">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D1418224739FEE9F821FE4CF853" box="[288,469,1980,2003]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="19" pageNumber="46" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fiscellata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518224739FEE9F821FE4CF853" box="[288,469,1980,2003]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="46">Grania fiscellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="91CFEA8518224739FE15F826FD8EF853" bold="true" box="[476,535,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="46">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="8AFC57FE18224739FE15F826FD8EF853" box="[476,535,1979,2003]" pageId="19" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of IVII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFF05FC15FD3A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
Brain in IIIII, posteriorly indented in “head” region. Head organ absent. Pharyngeal glands located from 4/5 to 6/7, not united dorsally; dorsal lobes present in IVVI, ventral lobes present in V (2 pairs) and VI (2 pairs); no ventral lobes in IV (
<figureCitation id="3B802A121825473EFDC9FF75FDFEFE82" box="[512,615,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Figure 9</figureCitation>
C). First pair of nephridia at 7/8. Dorsal blood vessel commencing in XVI (visible in one specimen only). Chloragogen cells small (57 μm tall). Coelomocytes abundant, slightly oval, flattened, granular with irregular surface, about 10 μm wide at the widest point. Sperm sac extending posteriorly to XIII or XIV. Sperm funnels of uniform width, 1525 μm, 34 times as long as wide. Heads of spermatozoa about 810 μm long. Vasa deferentia in XII, strongly muscularized entally, 67 μm wide. Penial apparati (
<figureCitation id="3B802A121825473EFECCFE2DFEF3FE4A" box="[261,362,432,458]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Figure 9</figureCitation>
D) consisting of a glandular widening of the most ectal end of vas deferens (diameter 910 μm), which is curved around, and attached to, a small aglandular invagination of epidermal tissue from male pore, 2030 μm deep, 510 μm wide (Penial bulb
<typeStatus id="7C0088351825473EFD2DFD9DFC8FFD9A" box="[740,790,512,538]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">type</typeStatus>
6, without stylet). Stylets absent. Egg sac extending as far back as XIX. Spermathecal ectal ducts bulbous, about 15 μm wide at widest point, projecting slightly into ampullae, ampullae pear-shaped, 20-25 μm wide, 2530 μm long, connected to gut in middle of V, sperm existing in ampullae both in loose form in the lumen and as small sperm rings embedded in walls, 35 μm in diameter; ectal glands on spermathecal ducts absent (
<figureCitation id="3B802A121825473EFCCCFD3DFCF0FD3A" box="[773,873,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="19.[151,255,1979,2003]" captionTargetBox="[203,1383,316,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[201,1388,314,1969]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 9. Grania fiscellata sp. n.. A: Chaetae. B: Clitellar cell pattern. C: Overview of I VII. D: Penial apparatus. E: Spermatheca." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/175743/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Figure 9</figureCitation>
E).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C1825473EFF0EFD5AFB84FC8A" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFD5AFB84FC8A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFF0EFD5AFEC1FD61" bold="true" box="[199,344,711,737]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Etymology:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFE96FD55FE24FD61" box="[351,445,712,737]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Fiscella" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFE96FD55FE24FD61" box="[351,445,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Fiscella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a Latin word for a small basket, and
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFC52FD55FC59FD61" box="[923,960,712,737]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">ata</emphasis>
translates into “equipped with”, indicating that this species indeed is equipped with a small basket, i.e. spermatheca.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C1825473EFF0EFC8AFC68FA0A" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFC8AFEBFFC2A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFF0EFC8AFEDBFCB1" bold="true" box="[199,322,791,817]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Remarks:</emphasis>
A spermathecal connection to the gut in mid V is unusual in
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFB8EFC85FB02FCB1" box="[1095,1179,792,817]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFB8EFC85FB02FCB1" box="[1095,1179,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Grania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It has hitherto been described in 7 species, which include a few species from
<collectingCountry id="DBAC76071825473EFCF8FCDDFC20FCDA" box="[817,953,832,858]" name="Hong Kong" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Hong Kong</collectingCountry>
(
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFC03FCDDFAA1FCDA" authority="Erseus, 1990" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1990" box="[970,1336,832,858]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hongkongensis">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFC03FCDDFB01FCD9" box="[970,1176,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. hongkongensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C72A4B661825473EFB57FCDDFAA1FCDA" author="Erseus" box="[1182,1336,832,858]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" refString="Erseus, C. (1990) Marine Oligochaeta of Hong Kong. Pages 259 - 335 in B. Morton, ed. Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, 2 - 24 April 1986. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong." type="book chapter" year="1990">Erséus, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFA8DFCDDFF59FC01" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. i n e r - mis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C72A4B661825473EFF0EFCF5FEC6FC02" author="Erseus" box="[199,351,872,898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" refString="Erseus, C. (1990) Marine Oligochaeta of Hong Kong. Pages 259 - 335 in B. Morton, ed. Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, 2 - 24 April 1986. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong." type="book chapter" year="1990">Erséus, 1990</bibRefCitation>
and
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFE51FCF5FD2CFC02" authority="Erseus, 1990" authorityName="Erseus" authorityYear="1990" box="[408,693,872,898]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="stilifera">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFE51FCF5FD8DFC01" box="[408,532,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. stilifera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C72A4B661825473EFDD5FCF5FD2CFC02" author="Erseus" box="[540,693,872,898]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" refString="Erseus, C. (1990) Marine Oligochaeta of Hong Kong. Pages 259 - 335 in B. Morton, ed. Proceedings of the Second International Marine Biological Workshop: The Marine Flora and Fauna of Hong Kong and Southern China, 2 - 24 April 1986. Hong Kong University Press, Hong Kong." type="book chapter" year="1990">Erséus, 1990</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
) and also, interestingly enough,
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFBFDFCF5FB11FC01" box="[1076,1160,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. m i r a</emphasis>
Locke &amp; Coates, 1998 (see below).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFC25FEA1FB6A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
The male genital system of
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFDC3FC25FD0DFC51" box="[522,660,952,977]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fiscellata">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFDC3FC25FD0DFC51" box="[522,660,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. fiscellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is different from that of most other species of
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFB78FC25FA9FFC51" box="[1201,1286,952,977]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFB78FC25FA9FFC51" box="[1201,1286,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Grania</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in that it has a thick and muscularized vas deferens and a reduced gland at the male pore, yet it bears no stylet. Thus, the penial apparatus of this species does not fit any of the penial bulb
<typeStatus id="7C0088351825473EFC52FB95FC40FBA2" box="[923,985,1032,1058]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">types</typeStatus>
defined by
<bibRefCitation id="C72A4B661825473EFBAAFB95FA95FBA2" author="Coates" box="[1123,1292,1032,1058]" pageId="20" pageNumber="49" refString="Coates, K. (1984) Specific criteria in Grania (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae). Hydrobiologia, 115, 45 - 50." type="journal article" year="1984">Coates (1984)</bibRefCitation>
. Some muscular modifications of the vas deferens in conjunction with a penial bulb of this shape has been described in several species, e.g.
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFE5AFBC5FE75FBF1" box="[403,492,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. m i r a</emphasis>
,
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFDCBFBC5FC0BFBF2" authority="Rota &amp; Erseus, 2003" authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="2003" box="[514,914,1112,1138]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="canaria">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFDCBFBC5FD1BFBF1" box="[514,642,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. canaria</emphasis>
Rota &amp; Erséus, 2003
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFC6BFBC5FADBFBF2" authority="Rota &amp; Erseus, 2003" authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="2003" box="[930,1346,1112,1138]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fortunata">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFC6BFBC5FBADFBF1" box="[930,1076,1112,1137]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. fortunata</emphasis>
Rota &amp; Erséus, 2003
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFA4AFBC5FD9CFB1A" authority="Rota &amp; Erseus, 2003" authorityName="Rota &amp; Erseus" authorityYear="2003" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aquitana">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFA4AFBC5FF66FB19" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. aquitana</emphasis>
Rota &amp; Erséus, 2003
</taxonomicName>
, but
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFD8AFB1DFD01FB19" box="[579,664,1152,1177]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. m i r a</emphasis>
, an Irish taxon, is the only species with vasa deferentia that are muscularized throughout as well as small epidermal invaginations, and at the same time the species lacks penial stylets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFB65FC68FA0A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
The peculiar widening of the vas deferens forming a curved structure around the male pore resembles a glandular penial bulb in low magnification; the vas deferens is rather coiled which makes it very difficult to follow. However, at high magnification it becomes clear that the vas deferens is glandular while a separate glandular bulb is absent, which to date is a feature unique to
<taxonomicName id="64BB4D141825473EFC96FAEDFC73FA09" box="[863,1002,1392,1417]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Grania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="fiscellata">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFC96FAEDFC73FA09" box="[863,1002,1392,1417]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">G. fiscellata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="EBA1651C1825473EFF0EFA0AFD03FA5A" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A30436971825473EFF0EFA0AFD03FA5A" blockId="20.[151,1437,152,1498]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">
<emphasis id="91CFEA851825473EFF0EFA0AFD9DFA31" bold="true" box="[199,516,1431,1457]" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">Distribution and habitat:</emphasis>
Touho area,
<collectingCountry id="DBAC76071825473EFD68FA05FCC2FA32" box="[673,859,1432,1458]" name="New Caledonia" pageId="20" pageNumber="47">New Caledonia</collectingCountry>
, and Lifou, Loyalty Islands, lower intertidal and shallow subtidal (
<quantity id="64439B721825473EFEAEFA5DFE0EFA5A" box="[359,407,1472,1498]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="20" pageNumber="47" unit="m" value="3.0">3 m</quantity>
), heterogeneous sand.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>