treatments-xml/data/03/ED/7F/03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D.xml

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<mods:title id="0B5BE0B7B4B60C3E6BCCFD13AF12EBC1">Paronychia ubinensis (Caryophyllaceae: Paronychioideae) a new species from Moquegua, South Peru</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="310E521F94B3C9665C5FEA830409B1F3">Nature Conservation &amp; Plant Ecology Group. Wageningen University, Netherlands. Droevendaalsesteeg 3 a, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands. dbmtperu @ gmail. com, daniel. montesinos @ wur. nl &amp; Naturalis Biodiversity Centre (section NHN), Herbarium Vadense, Generaal Foulkesweg 37, 6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFC104062E5FA612C41C10E" ID-CoL="4DRR3" authority="Montesinos" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[145,545,1519,1545]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFC104062E5FA612FF3C10E" bold="true" box="[145,403,1519,1545]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Paronychia ubinensis</emphasis>
Montesinos
</taxonomicName>
, 
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<materialsCitation id="3B2CC43CFFFC104062E6F9982A6DC14A" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319998303" collectingDate="2012-04-06" collectionCode="TYPE" country="Peru" county="Department" elevation="4030" latitude="-16.175" location="Ubinas District" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.70583" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moquegua" typeStatus="holotype">
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:— 
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. 
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: 
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, 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC104061B2F9982A0EC12A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC104061B2F9982A0EC12A" box="[966,1134,1558,1581]" country="Peru" county="Department" latitude="-16.175" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.70583" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Ubinas District" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Ubinas District</location>
: 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC1040660EF9982ADEC12A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC1040660EF9982ADEC12A" box="[1146,1214,1558,1581]" country="Peru" county="Department" latitude="-16.175" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-70.70583" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Punku" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Punku</location>
near 
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locality, 
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, 
<geoCoordinate id="EE70A8A6FFFC1040632CF9B82F8CC14A" box="[344,492,1590,1613]" degrees="70" direction="west" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" precision="15" seconds="21" value="-70.70583">70°42’21’’ W</geoCoordinate>
. 
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, 
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, 
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(
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!, isotype 
<collectionCode id="ED5556A4FFFC104066CEF9B82A98C14A" box="[1210,1272,1590,1613]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/11pi-mg53" name="Universiti Sains Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">USM</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
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Additional specimens examined: 
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<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFC10406071F9D82C2CC16A" box="[517,588,1622,1645]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">PERU</collectingCountry>
, 
<collectingRegion id="49800083FFFC1040602FF9D82CADC16A" box="[603,717,1622,1645]" country="Peru" name="Moquegua" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Moquegua</collectingRegion>
<collectingCounty id="629AB6EDFFFC104060ADF9D82D3AC16A" box="[729,858,1622,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Department</collectingCounty>
, 
<collectingMunicipality id="6B9F541BFFFC1040611EF9D82AB9C16A" box="[874,1241,1622,1645]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">General Sánchez Cerro Province</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC1040669CF9D82BF4C16A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC1040669CF9D82BF4C16A" box="[1256,1428,1622,1645]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Ubinas District" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Ubinas District</location>
: 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC104062B6F9F82F48C18A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC104062B6F9F82F48C18A" box="[194,296,1654,1677]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Roadside" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Roadside</location>
, 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC10406346F9F82FBBC18A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC10406346F9F82FBBC18A" box="[306,475,1654,1677]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Querala-Patune" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Querala-Patune</location>
, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFC10406391F9F82C5FC18A" box="[485,575,1654,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="4340.0">
<elevation id="00692952FFFC10406391F9F82C5FC18A" box="[485,575,1654,1677]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.34" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" unit="m" value="4340.0">4340 m</elevation>
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, 
<date id="FFFAE8A1FFFC1040603EF9F82CACC18A" box="[586,716,1654,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" value="2011-06-01">
<collectingDate id="EFBE1149FFFC1040603EF9F82CACC18A" box="[586,716,1654,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" value="2011-06-01">1 June 2011</collectingDate>
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, 
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFC104060A3F9F82DEEC18A" box="[727,910,1654,1677]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Montesinos 3164</emphasis>
(
<collectionCode id="ED5556A4FFFC104061E8F9F82DBBC18A" box="[924,987,1654,1677]" country="Malaysia" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/11pi-mg53" name="Universiti Sains Malaysia" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">USM</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
. 
<materialsCitation id="3B2CC43CFFFC10406199F9F82BF4C1AA" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3319998301" collectingDate="2013-03-28" collectionCode="USM, CUZ, HSP" country="Peru" county="Department" elevation="4500" location="Yunga District" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Moquegua">
<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFC10406199F9F82A54C18A" box="[1005,1076,1654,1677]" name="Peru" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">PERU</collectingCountry>
, 
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<collectingCounty id="629AB6EDFFFC104066C3F9F82B58C18A" box="[1207,1336,1654,1677]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Department</collectingCounty>
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<collectingMunicipality id="6B9F541BFFFC10406737F9F82FA5C1AA" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">General Sánchez Cerro Province</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC104063BBF9182C0DC1AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC104063BBF9182C0DC1AA" box="[463,621,1686,1709]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Yunga District" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Yunga District</location>
: 
<location id="8E9B98BAFFFC10406002F9182CC7C1AA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03ED7F77FFFC104262E5FA612C37C69D:8E9B98BAFFFC10406002F9182CC7C1AA" box="[630,679,1686,1709]" country="Peru" county="Department" municipality="General Sanchez Cerro Province" name="Sura" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" stateProvince="Moquegua">Sura</location>
slopes, 
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, 
<date id="FFFAE8A1FFFC1040612EF9182D9EC1AA" box="[858,1022,1686,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" value="2013-03-28">
<collectingDate id="EFBE1149FFFC1040612EF9182D9EC1AA" box="[858,1022,1686,1709]" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" value="2013-03-28">28 March 2013</collectingDate>
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, 
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFC1040667DF9182AE4C1AA" box="[1033,1156,1686,1709]" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">Montesinos</emphasis>
4049 (
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, 
<collectionCode id="ED5556A4FFFC10406760F9182B2CC1AA" box="[1300,1356,1686,1709]" country="Peru" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14364" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14364" name="Universidad Nacional San Antonio Abad del Cusco" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" type="Herbarium">CUZ</collectionCode>
, 
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)
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.
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B9301273FFFC104062E6F9382F7FC1EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="50">
Herba perennis, 
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longa, folia relinquit subterminale glomerulus; bracteae oblongae ovatis; petalis obscure viridis colorem.
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Perennial herb with stem woody and branched at the base, decumbent, caespitose, densely congested and imbricate, forming pulvinate tufts, 
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long, with internodes &lt;
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long. Leaves disposed in subterminal glomerules. Leaves brown red to lilac red, stiff, linear to narrowly elliptic, 
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x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFC1040674BF8EF2EA2C0A6" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.9 mm</quantity>
, apex acute, with translucid, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFC10406063F8092CC5C0A6" box="[535,677,1927,1953]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
stout mucro (brown at the base) with few minute bristle hairs at the tip; margin glabrous and slightly folded, the base of the leaves deep red or pale purple, always darker than the lamina; stipules oblong-lanceolate, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFC10406015F85A2C8FC0E9" box="[609,751,2004,2030]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="2.2" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="0" pageNumber="50" unit="mm" value="2.0" valueMax="2.2" valueMin="1.8">1.8–2.2 mm</quantity>
x 0.6–1.0 mm, mostly equalling the leaves, tip aristate to acuminate, margin and tip with few minute bristle hairs, midrib with more bristle hairs than the lamina. Leaves subglabrous, with few minute hirtella on the mucro. Bracts oblong-ovate, 1.2–2.0 mm x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416773FF302BF7C7DF" box="[1287,1431,190,216]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.15" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.15" valueMax="1.5" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.5 mm</quantity>
, slightly obtuse, with minute hirtella on margins and tip. Flowers few, 
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x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD1041661FFF6B2A9AC7F8" box="[1131,1274,229,255]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.05" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.2 mm</quantity>
, glabrous and urceolate; receptacle ovoid, whitish, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416027FE822CADC621" box="[595,717,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1 mm</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416099FE822DE1C621" box="[749,897,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
; sepals ovate, white, scarious, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416680FE822BE5C621" box="[1268,1413,268,294]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.7" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.6">1.6–1.8 mm</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104162E3FEBC2F47C64B" box="[151,295,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.8">0.8–1.4 mm</quantity>
, margins with &lt;
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long white bristle hairs; petals dark red to purple, concave, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD1041668DFEBC2BE6C64B" box="[1273,1414,306,332]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.3" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.2">0.2–0.4 mm</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104162E3FED72F46C674" box="[151,294,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
, urceolate, glabrous, base pale green; filaments 
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long; anthers 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104166FEFED72B77C674" box="[1162,1303,345,371]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.15" valueMax="0.2" valueMin="0.1">0.1–0.2 mm</quantity>
x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416741FED72EA6C69D" metricMagnitude="-5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.075" valueMax="0.1" valueMin="0.05">0.05–0.1 mm</quantity>
and pale green; ovary oblong, pale white, 0.6–0.8 x 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD1041610BFE0E2A7DC69D" box="[895,1053,384,410]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.7" valueMax="0.8" valueMin="0.6">0.6–0.8 mm</quantity>
; style &lt;
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long, stigma indistinctive. Fruit oblong-ovoid, 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416056FE282CF3C6C7" box="[546,659,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.1" valueMax="1.2" valueMin="1.0">1-1.2 mm</quantity>
long, smooth, pale brown; seed c. 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD1041665EFE282AFDC6C7" box="[1066,1181,422,448]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.9" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.8">0.8-1 mm</quantity>
, subglobose to ovoid.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E9DEAFFFD104262B2FE432C27C64B" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFD104162B2FE432AB1C533" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B2FE432C6AC6E0" bold="true" box="[198,522,461,487]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Ecology and distribution:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416060FE422D74C6E1" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[532,788,460,486]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416060FE422D74C6E1" box="[532,788,460,486]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows mostly on rocky slopes and plateaus with bare soils and is associated with chasmophyte vegetation. The plant was found at elevations of 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104166C3FE7A2B3DC509" box="[1207,1373,500,526]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.265" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.029999999999999" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="m" value="4265.0" valueMax="4500.0" valueMin="4030.0">4030–4500 m</quantity>
. This species is endemic to 
<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFD104163E2FD942FABC533" box="[406,459,538,564]" name="Peru" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Peru</collectingCountry>
and is known thus far only from two collections from 
<collectingRegion id="49800083FFFD10416638FD942AADC533" box="[1100,1229,538,564]" country="Peru" name="Moquegua" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Moquegua</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFD104162B2FDCF2FF6C303" blockId="1.[151,1437,152,1028]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B2FDCF2F0AC55C" bold="true" box="[198,362,577,603]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Comparison:</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416303FDCE2C1AC55D" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[375,634,576,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416303FDCE2C1AC55D" box="[375,634,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is closely related to the Andean 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041666BFDCE2AC7C55D" box="[1055,1191,576,602]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD1041666BFDCE2AC7C55D" box="[1055,1191,576,602]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
complex (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD10416759FDCF2EB5C585" author="Chaudhri, M. N." pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refId="ref2282" refString="Chaudhri, M. N. (1968) A revision of the Paronychiinae. PhD Thesis, Utrecht University. Drukkerij H. Gianotten N. V. - Tilburg. 440 pp." type="book" year="1968">Chaudhri 1968</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD10416296FDE62FFFC585" author="Macbride, J. F." box="[226,415,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" pagination="113 - 116" refId="ref2443" refString="Macbride, J. F. (1937) Caryophyllaceae, Flora of Peru. Publications of Field Museum of Natural History, Botanical Series. 13 (2 / 2): 113 - 116." type="journal article" year="1937">MacBride 1937</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD104163D8FDE62C30C585" author="Alvarez, S." box="[428,592,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refId="ref2117" refString="Alvarez, S. (2010) Evolution and systematics of locally endemic Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) in South America. Degree project in biology, Master of science. Uppsala Universitet, 20 pp." type="book" year="2010">Alvarez 2010</bibRefCitation>
, 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD10416029FDE62C81C585" author="Kool, A." box="[605,737,616,642]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refId="ref2400" refString="Kool, A. (2012) Desert Plants and Deserted Islands: Systematics and Ethnobotany in Caryophyllaceae. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 972. Uppsala. 52 pp." type="book" year="2012">Kool 2012</bibRefCitation>
). The geographical parameters and habitats of 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416767FDE92F2CC5AF" authority="A. Gray" authorityName="A. Gray" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416767FDE92E8AC5A0" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia andina</emphasis>
A.Gray
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041632DFD002C07C5AF" authority="Rohrb." authorityName="Rohrb." box="[345,615,653,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mandoniana">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD1041632DFD002C6CC5A0" box="[345,524,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. mandoniana</emphasis>
Rohrb.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416003FD002DEBC5AF" authority="Chaudhri" authorityName="Chaudhri" box="[631,907,653,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muschlerii">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416003FD002D73C5A0" box="[631,787,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. muschlerii</emphasis>
Chaudhri
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161E8FD002ACBC5AF" authority="Chaudhri" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[924,1195,654,680]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104161E8FD002A53C5A0" box="[924,1075,654,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. peruviana</emphasis>
Chaudhri
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416692FD002F6BC5C8" authority="Chaudhri" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416692FD002BFCC5A0" box="[1254,1436,653,679]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. weberbaueri</emphasis>
Chaudhri
</taxonomicName>
are similar to the newly described species. However, these species differ in morphological characteristics, including leaves, flowers and ovary. Numerous herbarium specimens were examined from USM, HUSA, MO, F, WAG and L. None of the described Andean species of 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416621FC8F2A82C41C" box="[1109,1250,769,795]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416621FC8F2A82C41C" box="[1109,1250,769,795]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has internodes shorter than 
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, the leaf shape linear to narrowly elliptic and size shorter than 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416606FCA72AAFC444" box="[1138,1231,809,835]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="2.2">2.2 mm</quantity>
, the sepals larger than 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104162A6FCDE2F4CC46D" box="[210,300,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
and the ovary not larger than 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104160E6FCDE2C90C46D" box="[658,752,848,874]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
, all characters in 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161B4FCDE2A2DC46E" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[960,1101,847,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104161B4FCDE2A2DC46E" box="[960,1101,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416694FCDE2B0CC46E" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[1248,1388,847,873]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416694FCDE2B0CC46E" box="[1248,1388,847,873]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the shortest leaf size and larger ovary size of any known Andean 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161C8FCFB2AD1C497" box="[956,1201,885,912]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104161C8FCFB2A28C488" box="[956,1096,885,911]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia</emphasis>
species.
</taxonomicName>
Another important parameter is the absence of pubescence and bristle hairs on the leaves of 
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416665FC132AC9C4B1" box="[1041,1193,924,950]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416665FC132AC6C4B1" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[1041,1190,924,950]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">P. ubinensis</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
Trichomes are only present on the mucro; as opposed to the related 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416096FC4D2DB1C4D9" box="[738,977,963,990]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416096FC4D2D0DC4DA" box="[738,877,963,989]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
, where pubescence in leaves and leaf indument is common.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF3B9EE9FFFD104162E3FBB62F0CC376" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" startId="1.[151,240,1080,1103]">
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFD104162E3FBB62F0CC376" blockId="1.[151,1435,1080,1137]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162E3FBB62F6CC348" bold="true" box="[151,268,1080,1103]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Morphological comparison of 
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD1041602BFBB62BFBC348" box="[607,1435,1080,1103]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041602BFBB62D2DC348" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[607,845,1080,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">Paronychia ubinensis</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041612DFBB62DA2C348" box="[857,962,1080,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">P. andina</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161BAFBB62A13C348" box="[974,1139,1080,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mandoniana">P. mandoniana</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041660AFBB62B68C348" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[1150,1288,1080,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muschleri">P. muschleri</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416767FBB62BFBC348" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[1299,1435,1080,1103]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">P. peruviana</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104162B0FBD42F08C376" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[196,360,1114,1137]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">P. weberbaueri</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFD104162BBFB062BE7C188" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<table id="F9443CC1FFFDEFBF62C2FB062BEAC188" box="[182,1418,1160,1679]" gridcols="7" gridrows="11" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FB062BEAC39F" box="[182,1418,1160,1176]" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FB062F21C39F" box="[182,321,1160,1176]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162BBFB062F4AC39F" bold="true" box="[207,298,1160,1176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Characters</emphasis>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFB062C60C39F" box="[345,512,1160,1176]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104163F3FB072FB1C39F" box="[391,465,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104163F3FB072FB1C39F" bold="true" box="[391,465,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFB062CD2C39F" box="[527,690,1160,1176]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416050FB072CFCC39F" box="[548,668,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="mandoniana">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416050FB072CFCC39F" bold="true" box="[548,668,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. mandoniana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFB062DE7C39F" box="[715,903,1160,1176]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416082FB072D3CC39F" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[758,860,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muschleri">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416082FB072D3CC39F" bold="true" box="[758,860,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. muschleri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFB062A25C39F" box="[921,1093,1160,1176]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161CAFB072A43C39F" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[958,1059,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="peruviana">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104161CAFB072A43C39F" bold="true" box="[958,1059,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. peruviana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FB062A99C39F" box="[1107,1273,1160,1176]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416605FB072AB3C39F" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[1137,1235,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416605FB072AB3C39F" bold="true" box="[1137,1235,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FB062BEAC39F" box="[1283,1418,1160,1176]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041677DFB072BE4C39F" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[1289,1412,1161,1176]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD1041677DFB072BE4C39F" bold="true" box="[1289,1412,1161,1176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. weberbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FB2E2BEAC3DA" box="[182,1418,1184,1245]" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FB2E2F21C3DA" box="[182,321,1184,1245]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416293FB392F71C3C1" bold="true" box="[231,273,1207,1222]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Habit</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFB2E2C60C3DA" box="[345,512,1184,1245]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">pulvinate perennial herb</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFB2E2CD2C3DA" box="[527,690,1184,1245]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">perennial herb, postrate to suberect</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFB2E2DE7C3DA" box="[715,903,1184,1245]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">perennial herb</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFB2E2A25C3DA" box="[921,1093,1184,1245]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">perennial herb, small and compact</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FB2E2A99C3DA" box="[1107,1273,1184,1245]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">perennial herb, branched at base</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FB2E2BEAC3DA" box="[1283,1418,1184,1245]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">perennial herb, ascending or suberect</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FB6A2BEAC20D" box="[182,1418,1252,1290]" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FB6A2F21C20D" box="[182,321,1252,1290]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B9FB612F49C3F8" bold="true" box="[205,297,1263,1279]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Glomerules</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFB6A2C60C20D" box="[345,512,1252,1290]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">terminal, subterminal</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFB6A2CD2C20D" box="[527,690,1252,1290]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">dense, terminal- subterminal, 4-7 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFB6A2DE7C20D" box="[715,903,1252,1290]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">stems prostrate, congested</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFB6A2A25C20D" box="[921,1093,1252,1290]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">suberect, 3.5-7.0 cm, ramified</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FB6A2A99C20D" box="[1107,1273,1252,1290]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">dense, congested, imbricate</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FB6A2BEAC20D" box="[1283,1418,1252,1290]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">terminal</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FA9C2BEAC248" box="[182,1418,1298,1359]" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FA9C2F21C248" box="[182,321,1298,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162A4FAA72F47C23F" bold="true" box="[208,295,1321,1336]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Internodes</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFA9C2C60C248" box="[345,512,1298,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">glabrous, 1-2 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFA9C2CD2C248" box="[527,690,1298,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">short, 1-5 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFA9C2DE7C248" box="[715,903,1298,1359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">5-9 mm, pubescent to glabrescent with age</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFA9C2A99C248" box="[921,1273,1298,1359]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">6 mm, oblong to ovate- &lt;0.5 mm lanceolate</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FA9C2BEAC248" box="[1283,1418,1298,1359]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">1-3 mm, puberulous, reddish with age</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FAD92BEAC27A" box="[182,1418,1367,1405]" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FAD92F21C27A" box="[182,321,1367,1405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162BAFAEC2F48C276" bold="true" box="[206,296,1378,1393]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Leaf shape</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFAD92C60C27A" box="[345,512,1367,1405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">elliptic-oblong to ovate</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFAD92CD2C27A" box="[527,690,1367,1405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">lanceolate</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFAD92DE7C27A" box="[715,903,1367,1405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">obovate-oblanceolate to narrow elliptic-oblong</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFAD92A99C27A" box="[921,1273,1367,1405]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">elliptic, oblong to ovate- linear to narrowly lanceolate elliptic</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FAD92BEAC27A" box="[1283,1418,1367,1405]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">elliptic oblong to ovate, concave</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FA0B2BEAC293" box="[182,1418,1413,1428]" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FA0B2F21C293" box="[182,321,1413,1428]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B4FA0B2F58C293" bold="true" box="[192,312,1413,1428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Leaf size (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFA0B2C60C293" box="[345,512,1413,1428]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">2.5-4 x 1.2-2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFA0B2CD2C293" box="[527,690,1413,1428]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">3-6 x 0.7-1.2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFA0B2DE7C293" box="[715,903,1413,1428]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">5-9 x 1.5-2.2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFA0B2A25C293" box="[921,1093,1413,1428]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">4-6 x 1.2-2.2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FA0B2A99C293" box="[1107,1273,1413,1428]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">1.8-2.2 x 0.6-1.0</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FA0B2BEAC293" box="[1283,1418,1413,1428]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">2.7-3.5 x 2-2.5</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FA152BEAC2DF" box="[182,1418,1435,1496]" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FA152F21C2DF" box="[182,321,1435,1496]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B6FA3C2F56C2C6" bold="true" box="[194,310,1458,1473]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Leaf indument</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFA152C60C2DF" box="[345,512,1435,1496]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">glabrous or puberulous in the under side</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFA152CD2C2DF" box="[527,690,1435,1496]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">scabrous-pubescent to puberulous</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFA152DE7C2DF" box="[715,903,1435,1496]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">glabrous or sparsely pubescent (adaxial)</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFA152A25C2DF" box="[921,1093,1435,1496]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">spare or subglabrus, ciliata on margins</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FA152A99C2DF" box="[1107,1273,1435,1496]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">glabrous, only with minute hirtella in mucro</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FA152BEAC2DF" box="[1283,1418,1435,1496]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">hirtellous on both sides, margin sligthly hirsute</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2FA6E2BEAC11A" box="[182,1418,1504,1565]" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2FA6E2F21C11A" box="[182,321,1504,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162AFFA782F7CC101" bold="true" box="[219,284,1526,1542]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Stipules</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DFA6E2C60C11A" box="[345,512,1504,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">ovate to oblong, 2-3(- 4) x 1.5-2(-2.5) mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BFA6E2CD2C11A" box="[527,690,1504,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">narrow, ovate- lanceolate. 4 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFFA6E2DE7C11A" box="[715,903,1504,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">ovate-lanceolate</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDFA6E2A25C11A" box="[921,1093,1504,1565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">ovate or suboblong, 3.5 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627FA6E2A99C11A" box="[1107,1273,1504,1565]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong-lanceolate, 1- 8-2.2 x 0.6-1.0 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777FA6E2BEAC11A" box="[1283,1418,1504,1565]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">broadly ovaloblong 3.8 x 2.7 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2F9AB2BEAC133" box="[182,1418,1573,1588]" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2F9AB2F21C133" box="[182,321,1573,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162C2F9AB2F21C133" bold="true" box="[182,321,1573,1588]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Flower size (mm)</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DF9AB2C60C133" box="[345,512,1573,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">(2-)2.2-2.5(-3.2)</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BF9AB2CD2C133" box="[527,690,1573,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">1.7-2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFF9AB2DE7C133" box="[715,903,1573,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">4-5</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDF9AB2A25C133" box="[921,1093,1573,1588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">(2.2-) 2.4-3.0</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627F9AB2A99C133" box="[1107,1273,1573,1588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">1.9-2.2 x 0.9-1.2</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777F9AB2BEAC133" box="[1283,1418,1573,1588]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">2.2-2.3</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2F9B52BEAC166" box="[182,1418,1595,1633]" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2F9B52F21C166" box="[182,321,1595,1633]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416294F9C82F77C151" bold="true" box="[224,279,1606,1622]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Sepals</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DF9B52C60C166" box="[345,512,1595,1633]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong, 1.3-1.5(-2) x 0.5-0.7 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BF9B52CD2C166" box="[527,690,1595,1633]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong to lanceolate oblong 1-1.2 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFF9B52DE7C166" box="[715,903,1595,1633]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong to ovate-oblong, 0.6-0.7 x 0.5 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDF9B52A25C166" box="[921,1093,1595,1633]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">pubescent, oblong, (1.2-) 1.4 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6627F9B52A99C166" box="[1107,1273,1595,1633]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">ovate, scarious, 1.6- 1.8 x 0.8-1.4</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777F9B52BEAC166" box="[1283,1418,1595,1633]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong, obtuse. 1.2-1.4 mm</td>
</tr>
<tr id="3574CC23FFFDEFBF62C2F9E72BEAC188" box="[182,1418,1641,1679]" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<th id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF62C2F9E72F21C188" box="[182,321,1641,1679]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416290F9FA2F74C183" bold="true" box="[228,276,1652,1668]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Ovary</emphasis>
</th>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF632DF9E72C60C188" box="[345,512,1641,1679]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">conical, 0.5-0.6 x 0.4- 0.5 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF607BF9E72CD2C188" box="[527,690,1641,1679]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">subsessile, 0.5 x 0.3 mm, ellipsoid</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF60BFF9E72DE7C188" box="[715,903,1641,1679]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">conical-ovoid, 0.5 x 0.4 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF61EDF9E72A99C188" box="[921,1273,1641,1679]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">oblong, 0.6-0.8 x 0.6- conicum, 0.7-0.5 mm 0.8 mm</td>
<td id="76A5A55FFFFDEFBF6777F9E72BEAC188" box="[1283,1418,1641,1679]" gridcol="6" gridrow="10" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">subquadrangular 0.5 mm in diam.</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFD104262B2F9462F25C7DF" blockId="1.[151,1436,1736,2034]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104162B2F9462FA9C1E5" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[198,457,1736,1762]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162B2F9462FA9C1E5" box="[198,457,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was also compared with the 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD1041614FF9462A43C1E4" box="[827,1059,1736,1763]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD1041614FF9462DA3C1E5" box="[827,963,1736,1762]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Paronychia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
occurring in the Bolivian and Chilean Andes, with which significant morphological and geographical differences were found. For instance, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104162E3F8982CD1C037" authority="Cambess." authorityName="Cambess." box="[151,689,1814,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="communis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104162E3F8982F55C028" box="[151,309,1814,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. communis</emphasis>
Cambess. (Cabessèdes 1829)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104160B5F8982A07C037" authority="DC." authorityName="DC." box="[705,1127,1813,1840]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="chilensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104160B5F8982D2FC028" box="[705,847,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. chilensis</emphasis>
DC. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD104161EAF8982A3EC037" author="Candolle, A. P." box="[926,1118,1814,1840]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" pagination="570" refId="ref2254" refString="Candolle, A. P. (1828) Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Parisii: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Wu ¨ rtz 3: 570." type="journal article" year="1828">Candolle 1828</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416602F8982F07C050" authority="Chaudhrii" authorityName="Chaudhrii" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="johnstonii">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD10416602F8982B74C028" box="[1142,1300,1813,1839]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. johnstonii</emphasis>
Chaudhrii (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD104162EBF8B32F3EC050" author="Chaudhri, M. N." box="[159,350,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" refId="ref2282" refString="Chaudhri, M. N. (1968) A revision of the Paronychiinae. PhD Thesis, Utrecht University. Drukkerij H. Gianotten N. V. - Tilburg. 440 pp." type="book" year="1968">Chaudhri 1968</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104163D2F8B32D86C050" authority="(Gillies) F. Herm" authorityName="F. Herm" baseAuthorityName="Gillies" box="[422,998,1853,1879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setigera">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104163D2F8B32C4AC051" box="[422,554,1853,1878]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. setigera</emphasis>
(Gillies) F. Herm (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD1041616BF8B32DBDC050" author="Hermann, F." box="[799,989,1853,1879]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" pagination="224" refId="ref2381" refString="Hermann, F. (1937) Feddes Repertorium. Berlin: Selbstverlag des Herausgebers 42: 224." type="journal article" year="1937">Hermann 1937</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
have larger leaf size (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD10416760F8B32B3EC050" box="[1300,1374,1853,1879]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
) and longitudinal separation of the glomerules (&gt; 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFD104160D0F8EA2CBFC079" box="[676,735,1892,1918]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
), and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD10416153F8EA2DC4C079" box="[807,932,1892,1918]" form="more" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" rank="form">form more</taxonomicName>
prostrate plants inhabiting disturbed areas in lower elevation regions. 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104163A8F8052D4FC0A2" authority="Pax" authorityName="Pax" box="[476,815,1930,1957]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hieronymi">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104163A8F8052C10C0A3" box="[476,624,1930,1956]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. hieronymi</emphasis>
Pax (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD104160C0F8052D47C0A2" author="Pax, F. A." box="[692,807,1931,1957]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" pagination="34" refId="ref2513" refString="Pax, F. A. (1894) Botanische Jahrbucher fur Systematik. Pflanzengeschichte und Pflanzengeographie 18: 34." type="journal article" year="1894">Pax 1894</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
forms dense woody stems, its leaf size is larger and has a pubescent surface, and it is restricted to 
<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFD104160CAF83F2D75C0CC" box="[702,789,1969,1995]" name="Bolivia" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFD10416124F83F2DAAC0CC" box="[848,970,1969,1995]" name="Argentina" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">Argentina</collectingCountry>
. 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFD104161A2F83F2BE0C0CC" authority="Phil." authorityName="Phil." box="[982,1408,1968,1995]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microphylla">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFD104161A2F83F2AE2C0CD" box="[982,1154,1968,1994]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="51">P. microphylla</emphasis>
Phil. (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFD104166A6F83F2B17C0CC" author="Philippi, R. A." box="[1234,1399,1969,1995]" pageId="1" pageNumber="51" pagination="26" refId="ref2534" refString="Philippi, R. A. (1891) Anales del Museo Nacional de Chile. Segunda Seccion - Botanica 8: 26." type="journal article" year="1891">Philippi 1891</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
is characterized by a shrubby habit with larger leaf size and forms dense green glomerules, with a flower size larger than 
<quantity id="4CBC6384FFFE1042636BFF162F07C7B5" box="[287,359,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
. Therefore, 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFE10426383FF192C98C7B6" authorityName="Montesinos" authorityYear="2013" box="[503,760,151,177]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ubinensis">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE10426383FF192C98C7B6" box="[503,760,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Paronychia ubinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be classified as one of the smallest species from the Andean group.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFE104262B2FF6B2C27C64B" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
According to 
<bibRefCitation id="EFD5B390FFFE1042630FFF6B2C59C7F8" author="Alvarez, S." box="[379,569,229,255]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" refId="ref2117" refString="Alvarez, S. (2010) Evolution and systematics of locally endemic Paronychia (Caryophyllaceae) in South America. Degree project in biology, Master of science. Uppsala Universitet, 20 pp." type="book" year="2010">Alvarez (2010)</bibRefCitation>
, the genus 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFE104260AEFF6A2D01C7F9" box="[730,865,228,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE104260AEFF6A2D01C7F9" box="[730,865,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Paronychia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is polyphyletic and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFE10426602FF6A2B00C7F9" box="[1142,1376,228,254]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="andina">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE10426602FF6A2B00C7F9" box="[1142,1376,228,254]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Paronychia andina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFE104262E3FE852FD9C622" authorityName="Chaudhri" authorityYear="1968" box="[151,441,267,293]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="weberbaueri">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE104262E3FE852FD9C622" box="[151,441,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Paronychia weberbaueri</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
form a clade. It is unlikely that the Andean 
<taxonomicName id="4C44B5E2FFFE104261C8FE852AFFC621" box="[956,1183,267,294]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Caryophyllaceae" genus="Paronychia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Caryophyllales" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE104261C8FE852A24C622" box="[956,1092,267,293]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Paronychia</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
form a monophyletic group (pers. comm. Anneleen Kool).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35E9DEAFFFE104262B2FED72C37C69D" pageId="2" pageNumber="52" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BFBCE61FFFE104262B2FED72C37C69D" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,410]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B9301273FFFE104262B2FED72F37C674" bold="true" box="[198,343,345,371]" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Etymology:</emphasis>
The specific epithet of the new species refers to the endemism in the Ubinas district, in the 
<collectingRegion id="49800083FFFE104262E3FE0E2F74C69D" box="[151,276,384,410]" country="Peru" name="Moquegua" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Moquegua</collectingRegion>
department, southern 
<collectingCountry id="F3538EF1FFFE1042606EFE0E2C33C69D" box="[538,595,384,410]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="52">Peru</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>