736 lines
90 KiB
XML
736 lines
90 KiB
XML
<document id="10CAC34A259C3D079FBE64ECB69AB62E" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.4" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426516" ID-ZooBank="37013CC1-3325-4A62-ACA2-4BD665C68122" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="carolina" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="carolina" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1696941666063" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Unnikrishnan, Usha Ayyath, Sobczyk, Thomas, Jose, Roby Thekkudan & Jose, Joyce" docDate="2023" docId="03D2784AFFF09F6BBEC4BBBC029CF853" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5352.4.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5352 (4)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.4" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Eumasia venefica Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="533" masterDocId="FFEB0032FFF29F67BE53BA2F0052FF95" masterDocTitle="Eumasia venefica sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera Psychidae) from India with atypical larval ecology" masterLastPageNumber="536" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="523" updateTime="1697114619824" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D592AC4F658605BA999EB5BE7FFF08E7">
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<mods:title id="C2E7D7752F89E79CE2D69F4887C7193A">Eumasia venefica sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera Psychidae) from India with atypical larval ecology</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="756B1F53839949E73506C2D9B63ADF0E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="CFFC50DAC4C1DED747AED7FB24A9D57B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="0B92B06F83FC0792CEC325BA55D95AA1">Unnikrishnan, Usha Ayyath</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="AFAC7785EE3CC1EF72554CB30A05F24C" type="ORCID">0000-0002-2061-6203</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="C2695B4CEEFE9AD5A2CB6F1CA8A2DF92">ushaunni 77 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 2061 - 6203</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="422757779F6C26775159F1C870B68118" type="email">ushaunni77@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6482D745672AD4D02CE21F3D76D7114D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="6861205C681BA0B788302451841FC9D2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="C6FFE7D7B691BDE13F339878AB5727F1">Sobczyk, Thomas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93F82B856E67F2A29510EB401040ADEE" type="ORCID">0000-0003-0050-7437</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="A2DB67E12E85F2AB1694CCE8B332681A">Diesterwegstrasse 28, D- 02977 Hoyerswerda, Germany. thomassobczyk @ aol. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0050 - 7437 Department of Botany, Carmel College, Mala affiliated to the University of Calicut, Kerala, India. robyjosethekkudan @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 9709 - 9929</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="02FDAB449507366C16A2128BB0B8E3A9" type="email">thomassobczyk@aol.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="590837C9A243AF91D43884E9002BC7E7" type="personal">
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="21E28313CF392629C17A938ECDAF93FD">Jose, Roby Thekkudan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B406BEEF71583ABD74EA93F0FB5E801" type="ORCID">0000-0002-9709-9929</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9A5202273B4FD074B8A5715281E9FE58" type="email">robyjosethekkudan@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5CF65E0077240B9A7068ADF6D4135AB7">Jose, Joyce</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="6CED512D12541BE3EE8DF24BD4B90D81">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="209736AA77AD4C5D2B034F4D4AB4F83A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F777C1A7FC6053266E87777A614670FC">
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<mods:date id="CE331E0EE06B0746FF47C0AB152F3874">2023</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="6826325626407B8AF5A85E02FB482AE9">2023-10-05</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="11AE54B62ABB803B0ED7834EE34908B4">5352</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="C920341ABBDB69FBD776BBE777B9EF17" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="77BF16BFA8530A376198BED4A854C065">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="654EB4C4E36A11DCCD89E9B501FDDBCF">521</mods:start>
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<mods:location id="8E577EE9605B1B8479E501BECCBFE860">
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<mods:url id="2B2E66DDED3957A221EA144ED42CAE49">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.4</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification id="26509C3262FEB43A57387B5DE04541E3">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="BA744CD8730E56E9B02351D2FBD18C6A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5352.4.4</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="39260594AB35B4559A1E98AD21FC9D80" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="77C4C050157147DCAD0EC13FE0BFC4C3" type="Zenodo-Dep">8426516</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C425E985356EEC0AFD7C5B5CF7D8F64A" type="ZooBank">37013CC1-3325-4A62-ACA2-4BD665C68122</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03D2784AFFF09F6BBEC4BBBC029CF853" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8435255" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8435255" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2784AFFF09F6BBEC4BBBC029CF853" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03D2784AFFF09F6BBEC4BBBC029CF853" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF09F65BEC4BBBC0172FE44" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BEC4BBBC0186FE38" blockId="2.[151,468,403,465]" box="[151,468,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<heading id="D08C7E30FFF09F65BEC4BBBC0186FE38" bold="true" box="[151,468,403,429]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BEC4BBBC0186FE38" bold="true" box="[151,468,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF09F65BEC4BBBC013DFE38" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,367,403,429]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BEC4BBBC013DFE38" bold="true" box="[151,367,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF09F65BF25BBBC0186FE38" box="[374,468,403,429]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BEC4BB980172FE44" blockId="2.[151,468,403,465]" box="[151,288,439,465]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">(Figs: 1–11)</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF09F65BEC4BBD001F3FD13" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BEC4BBD001ABFDAB" blockId="2.[151,1437,511,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BEC4BBD00116FD8C" bold="true" box="[151,324,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Type material.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="3B13C301FFF09F65BF19BBD001ABFDAB" collectingDate="2022-10-28" collectorName="Usha A U." country="India" county="Nariyampara" latitude="9.7424" location="Idukki" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="77.0939" municipality="Kattappana" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="holotype">
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<typeStatus id="54C077FEFFF09F65BF19BBD001E4FD8C" box="[330,438,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Holotype</typeStatus>
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||
. ♁,
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||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFF09F65BFB2BBD00261FD8C" box="[481,563,511,537]" name="India" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">INDIA</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF07BEFFF09F65BC6EBBD002D8FD8C" box="[573,650,511,537]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingCounty id="62A5B1D0FFF09F65BCC6BBD00378FD8C" box="[661,810,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Nariyampara</collectingCounty>
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,
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||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BA05326FFF09F65BD67B82F03E4FD8F" box="[820,950,512,538]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Kattappana</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location id="8EA49F87FFF09F65BD92BBD0045FFD8C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03D2784AFFF09F6BBEC4BBBC029CF853:8EA49F87FFF09F65BD92BBD0045FFD8C" box="[961,1037,511,537]" country="India" county="Nariyampara" latitude="9.7424" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="77.0939" municipality="Kattappana" name="Idukki" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" stateProvince="Kerala">Idukki</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4FAF9BFFF09F65BA44BBD004DEFD8F" box="[1047,1164,511,538]" degrees="9.7424" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="5" value="9.7424">9.7424° N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE4FAF9BFFF09F65BAC5BBD00547FD8F" box="[1174,1301,511,538]" degrees="77.0939" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" precision="5" value="77.0939">77.0939° E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFC5EF9CFFF09F65BB72BBD005CAFD8C" box="[1313,1432,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" value="2022-10-28">
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<collectingDate id="EF811674FFF09F65BB72BBD005CAFD8C" box="[1313,1432,511,537]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" value="2022-10-28">28-x-2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, with larval case, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="268EAC8AFFF09F65BFD6B80C01ABFDAB" box="[389,505,547,574]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Usha A U.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BE94B86701F3FD13" blockId="2.[151,1437,511,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<materialsCitation id="3B13C301FFF09F65BE94B86701F3FD13" collectingDate="2022-10-19" collectorName="Usha A U." country="India" county="Nariyampara" latitude="9.7424" location="Idukki" longLatPrecision="7" longitude="77.0939" municipality="Kattappana" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Kerala" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BE94B867016BFDF4" box="[199,313,584,609]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
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<typeStatus id="54C077FEFFF09F65BE94B867016BFDF4" box="[199,313,584,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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:
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7D02D5FFF09F65BF1FB867019EFDF4" box="[332,460,583,610]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="female">one female</specimenCount>
|
||
(with larval case), same data as holotype,
|
||
<date id="FFC5EF9CFFF09F65BD98B8680410FDF4" box="[971,1090,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" value="2022-10-19">
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||
<collectingDate id="EF811674FFF09F65BD98B8680410FDF4" box="[971,1090,583,609]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" value="2022-10-19">19-x-2022</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, 3 larval cases without pupal exuviae, leg.
|
||
<collectorName id="268EAC8AFFF09F65BF7FB84401F3FD13" box="[300,417,619,646]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Usha A U.</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF09F65BE94B8A002CFFD67" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BE94B8A002CFFD67" blockId="2.[151,1437,511,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BE94B8A0011CFD3C" bold="true" box="[199,334,655,681]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval bags have a ‘witches’ hat’ appearance, a disc-like anterior and a tubular posterior part. The Latin word ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BF71B89C01D8FD58" box="[290,394,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">veneficus</emphasis>
|
||
’ means wizard. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF09F65BC30B89B0297FD58" authorityName="Chretien" authorityYear="1904" box="[611,709,692,717]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BC30B89B0297FD58" box="[611,709,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Eumasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a female term the feminine form of ‘
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BA28B89C04B1FD58" box="[1147,1251,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">veneficus</emphasis>
|
||
’, ‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF09F65BB50B89C0532FD58" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1283,1376,691,717]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BB50B89C0532FD58" box="[1283,1376,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
’, has been used. Hence the name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF09F65BF83B8F702C4FD64" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[464,662,727,753]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BF83B8F702C4FD64" box="[464,662,727,753]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF09F62BE94B8D401E3FA7B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="526" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BE94B8D40471FCAF" blockId="2.[151,1437,511,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BE94B8D4010BFC80" bold="true" box="[199,345,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C077FEFFF09F65BF32B8D4019BFC80" box="[353,457,763,789]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
♁ (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF09F65BFA4B8D40268FC80" box="[503,570,763,789]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,1012,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[165,1422,916,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Eumasia venefica sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), Wingspan 8.0–
|
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<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BCAEB8D40304FC83" box="[765,854,763,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body length 3.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BA70B8D4042EFC83" box="[1059,1148,763,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="3.2">3.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BB16B8D405CFFC83" box="[1349,1437,763,790]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="3.8">3.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
including fringes, forewing width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BC44B930023DFCAF" box="[535,623,799,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="1.1">1.1 mm</quantity>
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, WI
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BCF7B93002AEFCAF" box="[676,764,799,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, hindwing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BD95B930044DFCAF" box="[966,1055,799,826]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="3.3">3.3 mm</quantity>
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.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BE94B96C0480FC14" blockId="2.[151,1437,511,898]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BE94B96C0156FCC8" box="[199,260,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Head</emphasis>
|
||
. Vertex densely covered with pale golden coloured hairs; the frons has a bilobed tuft of golden hairs. eyes are large, EI
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BF74B94801DCFC17" box="[295,398,871,898]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="0.76">0.76 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antenna thread-like, short cilia on segments, 26 segmented,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF09F65BA6EB94804C1FC17" box="[1085,1171,871,898]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" unit="mm" value="1.6">1.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF09F65BECBBD6502FBF8F7" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426518" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426518" box="[152,681,1866,1890]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426518/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" startId="2.[152,255,1866,1890]" targetBox="[168,1420,1012,1840]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF09F65BECBBD6502FBF8F7" blockId="2.[152,681,1866,1890]" box="[152,681,1866,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BECBBD65014BF8F7" bold="true" box="[152,281,1866,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF09F65BFCCBD640200F8F7" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[415,594,1866,1890]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF09F65BFCCBD640200F8F7" box="[415,594,1866,1890]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="523">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF09F65BC0BBD6502FBF8F7" box="[600,681,1866,1890]" pageId="2" pageNumber="523" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF19F64BECBBE6902F1FBCB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426522" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426522" box="[152,675,1094,1118]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426522/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" startId="3.[152,255,1094,1118]" targetBox="[164,1424,276,1070]" targetPageId="3" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F64BECBBE6902F1FBCB" blockId="3.[152,675,1094,1118]" box="[152,675,1094,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BECBBE69014AFBCB" bold="true" box="[152,280,1094,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Paratype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF19F64BFCABE68021EFBCB" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[409,588,1094,1118]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BFCABE68021EFBCB" box="[409,588,1094,1118]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF19F64BC00BE6902F1FBCB" box="[595,675,1094,1118]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F64BE94BEA30136FAEB" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BE94BEA3014AFB33" box="[199,280,1164,1190]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
. Covered densely with light brownish scales. Forewings are covered with pale brown and blackish scales. The scales are broad and have 5 pointed apices. Ground colour of the forewing is pale brown and the blackish scales in the forewing form patches and are randomly distributed on the wing surface (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF19F64BA94BEFB055EFB7B" box="[1223,1292,1236,1262]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1095,1119]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,419,1072]" captionTargetId="figure-81@4.[152,1435,306,1072]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Male dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426524" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426524/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hindwings are whitish without any spots or patterns and covered with pale golden scales. Wings are lanceolate, apex pointed, outer margin with long brownish fringe hairs. Legs are covered with long pale brownish hairs; the tarsal segments of the legs have darker scales or hairs. Hair brush is seen on the tibia instead of epiphysis. Hind legs are relatively very long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF19F64BF42BF4B0100FAEB" box="[273,338,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1866,1890]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,1012,1840]" captionTargetId="figure-206@2.[165,1422,916,1840]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Eumasia venefica sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426518" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426518/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F64BE94BFA60129F9A7" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BE94BFA6017BFA37" box="[199,297,1417,1442]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Venation</emphasis>
|
||
. (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF19F64BF12BFA701E2FA37" box="[321,432,1416,1443]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1061,1085]" captionTargetBox="[177,1411,235,1037]" captionTargetId="figure-17@5.[173,1413,178,1037]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 5. a. Forewing venation, b. Hindwing venation, drawing T. Sobczyk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426532" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426532/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Fig. 5a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) Nine veins in the forewing, seven veins from the dc forewing. Veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BABDBFB404A4FA3C" attach="left" box="[1262,1270,1435,1449]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
and R
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BB6CBFB40515FA3C" attach="left" box="[1343,1351,1435,1449]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">4</subScript>
|
||
+R
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BB3ABFB50523FA3D" attach="left" box="[1385,1393,1434,1448]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">5</subScript>
|
||
are shortly stalked, a median stem divided dc two halves. Veins M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BD3BBF9003D3FA58" attach="left" box="[872,897,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">2+3</subScript>
|
||
, CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BD95BF90039CFA58" attach="left" box="[966,974,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BA6DBF900414FA58" attach="left" box="[1086,1094,1471,1485]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">2</subScript>
|
||
are short and parallel to each other. Hindwings are narrow and pointed, have seven veins and vein Sc+R
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BD8FBFCC03B6FA64" attach="left" box="[988,996,1507,1521]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
runs parallel to the costal margin. Vein Rs and M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BF54BC28015DF980" attach="left" box="[263,271,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
are stalked. M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BFEABC280193F980" attach="left" box="[441,449,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BC40BC280249F980" attach="left" box="[531,539,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">2</subScript>
|
||
+M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BC17BC28021EF980" attach="left" box="[580,588,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">3</subScript>
|
||
run as a separate vein to termen. CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BA51BC280458F980" attach="left" box="[1026,1034,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">1</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFF19F64BA2BBC2804D2F980" attach="left" box="[1144,1152,1543,1557]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">2</subScript>
|
||
are shortly stalked. Anal veins are very short.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F64BE94BC13051AF9EF" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BE94BC130163F9C3" box="[199,305,1596,1622]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
. Densely covered with scales, the anterior portion of the abdomen is covered with pale brownish scales and the last abdominal segments and the tip of the abdomen are covered with blackish-brown scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F64BE94BCAB05C3F973" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,2019]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BE94BCAB016FF90B" bold="true" box="[199,317,1668,1694]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Genitalia.</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF19F64BF1EBCAB0191F90B" box="[333,451,1668,1695]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,181,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1426,178,1769]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia, a. genitalia of Eumasia venefica sp. nov, b. genitalia of Eumasia venefica sp. nov., drawing T. Sobczyk c. genitalia of E. thomasii d. genitalia of E. thomasii, drawing T. Sobczyk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426536/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Fig. 6 a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
) Elongated,
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BC07BCAB02C4F90A" box="[596,662,1668,1695]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length. Tegumen arched apically. Valva is short and symmetrical, at the apex with short setae. Sacculus distally with some sharp, curved thorns. Vinculum is very long and V-shaped. Saccus long and pointed at the apex. Phallus tubular, with a pointed tip, length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BA5FBCE30437F972" box="[1036,1125,1740,1767]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.8">0.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Gnathos and juxta absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF19F63BE94BCDF012BFE88" blockId="3.[151,1437,1164,2019]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,285]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="525" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF19F64BE94BCDF0166F89F" bold="true" box="[199,308,1776,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54C077FEFFF19F64BE94BCDF0166F89F" box="[199,308,1776,1802]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D7D02D5FFF19F64BF68BCDE0102F89E" box="[315,336,1777,1803]" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF19F64BF33BCDF01F7F89F" box="[352,421,1776,1802]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1094,1118]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,276,1070]" captionTargetId="figure-17@3.[161,1426,178,1070]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Paratype of Eumasia venefica sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426522" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426522/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="524">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). Winged, wingspan 9.0–
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BC97BCDF0349F89E" box="[708,795,1776,1803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="9.3">9.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, body length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BDE0BCDF0459F89E" box="[947,1035,1776,1803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="4.2">4.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BA82BCDF0575F89E" box="[1233,1319,1776,1803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="4.5">4.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
excluding fringes, forewing width
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BFF7BD3B01A9F8BA" box="[420,507,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="1.3">1.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, forewing index
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BCE5BD3B035CF8BA" box="[694,782,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
, eyes are large, ocular index
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF19F64BA1CBD3B04E7F8BA" box="[1103,1205,1812,1839]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="524" unit="mm" value="0.93">0.93 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Antenna thread-like with short cilia on segments. The head and area surrounding the eyes are densely covered with long golden hairs. abdomen is long and stout, pale yellowish thinly covered with scales. Wings are lanceolate and narrow with long fringes. Forewings are densely covered with pale golden-brown scales. Dark brown scales are present and form patches and spots on the forewings. Four dark patches which are vertically arranged on each forewing have been seen. When wings were folded close to the body, the spots on both wings came together to form a median band just below the anterior end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF69F63BFF1BAB801BAFF24" box="[418,488,151,177]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="4.[152,255,2010,2034]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1144,1986]" captionTargetId="figure-92@4.[151,1436,1141,1986]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 4. Female dorsal view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426528" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426528/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind wings are fully covered with pale whitish shiny scales without any markings. The wing venation is same as in males. Legs are elongated and covered with long shiny white scales. The last abdominal segment has a long hair tuft surrounding the genitalia and a long ovipositor extended outside the last abdominal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF69F63BECBBE680186FBF5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426524" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426524" box="[152,468,1095,1120]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426524/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" startId="4.[152,255,1095,1119]" targetBox="[155,1433,419,1072]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF69F63BECBBE680186FBF5" blockId="4.[152,468,1095,1120]" box="[152,468,1095,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF69F63BECBBE68014AFBF5" bold="true" box="[152,280,1095,1120]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
Male dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF69F63BECBBDF501B9F867" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426528" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426528" box="[152,491,2010,2034]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426528/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="525" startId="4.[152,255,2010,2034]" targetBox="[151,1436,1144,1986]" targetPageId="4" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF69F63BECBBDF501B9F867" blockId="4.[152,491,2010,2034]" box="[152,491,2010,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF69F63BECBBDF5014AF867" bold="true" box="[152,280,2010,2034]" pageId="4" pageNumber="525">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Female dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF79F62BECBBE0A03EFFBA8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426532" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426532" box="[152,957,1061,1086]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426532/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" startId="5.[152,255,1061,1085]" targetBox="[177,1411,235,1037]" targetPageId="5" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF79F62BECBBE0A03EFFBA8" blockId="5.[152,957,1061,1086]" box="[152,957,1061,1086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BECBBE0A014AFBAB" bold="true" box="[152,280,1061,1086]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
|
||
a. Forewing venation, b. Hindwing venation, drawing T. Sobczyk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF79F62BE94BE4301A5FB3F" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BE94BE43014BFB13" bold="true" box="[199,281,1132,1158]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Larva:</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BF79BE4301F3FB13" box="[298,417,1132,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="7.[152,255,1513,1537]" captionTargetBox="[162,1426,206,1489]" captionTargetId="figure-17@7.[159,1428,178,1489]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 7. Larva a. dorsal b. ventral." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426539" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426539/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Fig. 7 a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BFFDBE4301EEFB13" box="[430,444,1132,1158]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="8.[152,255,1168,1192]" captionTargetBox="[159,1429,373,1101]" captionTargetId="figure-22@8.[156,1431,178,1101]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 8. Larva with case." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426541" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426541/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">8</figureCitation>
|
||
) Larva is pale yellowish, head is dark brown, highly sclerotized without any patches. A mature larva is
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF79F62BF16BEBF01D4FB3F" box="[325,390,1168,1194]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
in length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF79F62BE94BE9B01E3FA7B" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BE94BE9B01A6FB58" bold="true" box="[199,500,1203,1230]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Larval cases and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
Larval cases were found attached to rocks covered with lichens. The larvae actively move on the surface of rocks and feed on lichen parts. The pupal bags are found colonizing as groups during pupation, attaching to each other in the lichen colony on the rocks. The pupal cases exhibit camouflage and are difficult to distinguish from the lichens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BC3EBF0F02AAFAAF" box="[621,760,1312,1338]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1934,1958]" captionTargetBox="[165,1422,1232,1910]" captionTargetId="figure-46@10.[162,1425,1227,1910]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 12. Larval habitat; a. Larval case clustering as a colony on lichen covered rock. B. Larva protruding out of the anterior opening of case seen built with lichens." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426549/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Fig. 12 a, b</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larval bags have a ‘witches’ hat’ appearance, a disc-like anterior and a tubular posterior part. The cases are built with silk, soil, rock and lichen particles and the colour of the cases resemble the lichen with which they have been associated. The male and female cases have size differences and they form pupal groups mixed with both sexes (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BC8FBFA3037DFA33" box="[732,815,1420,1446]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="9.[152,255,2004,2028]" captionTargetBox="[214,1374,1111,1981]" captionTargetId="figure-34@9.[214,1374,1111,1981]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 10. Male and female pupal cases attached to each other." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426545" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426545/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). The adult male pupal case has a maximum length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF79F62BBDDBFA30091FA5F" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
and width of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF79F62BF32BF8001E5FA5F" box="[353,439,1455,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="5.5">5.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the anterior end. The female pupal case has a maximum length of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF79F62BA96BF9F0554FA5F" box="[1221,1286,1456,1482]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
|
||
and width of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF79F62BEC4BFFB008AFA7B" box="[151,216,1492,1518]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
|
||
at the anterior end.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF79F62BE94BFD80297F873" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF79F62BE94BFD80157F9EB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BE94BFD80175F984" bold="true" box="[199,295,1527,1553]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
Other species of subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF79F62BC2ABFD702AEF987" authorityName="Arnscheid & Weidlich" authorityYear="2017" box="[633,764,1528,1554]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eumasiinae">Eumasiinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been previously reported to inhabit rocks and their premises, and feed on the algae and mosses on the rocks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFF79F62BD4FBC330415F9A3" author="Saigusa, T. & Sugimoto, M." box="[796,1095,1564,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" pagination="136 - 155" refId="ref5175" refString="Saigusa, T. & Sugimoto, M. (2013) Psychidae. In: Hirowatari, T., Nasu, Y., Sakmaki, Y., Kishida, Y. (Eds.), The Standard of Moths in Japan III. Gakken Education Publishing, Tokyo, pp. 136 - 155." type="book chapter" year="2013">Saigusa & Sugimoto 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFF79F62BA00BC330576F9A3" author="Roh, S. J. & Byun, B. K." box="[1107,1316,1564,1590]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" pagination="91 - 93" refId="ref5012" refString="Roh, S. J. & Byun, B. K. (2016) Discovery of Ceratosticha leptodeta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from Korea. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 9, 91 - 93. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2015.12.009" type="journal article" year="2016">Roh & Byun 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFF79F62BB7CBC330086F9CF" author="Roh, S. J. & Oh, S. H. & Byun, B. K." pageId="5" pageNumber="526" pagination="544 - 546" refId="ref5066" refString="Roh, S. J., Oh, S. H. & Byun, B. K. (2018) Genus Eumasia Chretien (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Eumasiinae) new to Korea with E. muscella. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11, 544 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2018.08.008" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Roh
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BB37BC3305CFF9A3" box="[1380,1437,1564,1590]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Similarly,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF79F62BF0FBC6F0271F9CF" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[348,547,1600,1626]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BF0FBC6F0271F9CF" box="[348,547,1600,1626]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF79F62BC79BC6F02D7F9CF" bold="true" box="[554,645,1600,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF79F62BC79BC6F02D7F9CF" box="[554,645,1600,1626]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
also feeds on the lichens and other materials present on the surface of the rocks.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF79F62BE94BCA70297F873" blockId="5.[151,1437,1132,2022]" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">
|
||
The larval and pupal case structure is distinct and well-adapted for the protection of pupae during the metamorphosis into the adult. The larvae move on the rock surfaces and feed on the lichen cover. It drags its ‘witches’ hat’ shaped cases along as they move. The anterior wide end of the case covers the larval body while moving and acts as a shield or like an ‘umbrella’ over its body. The larvae directly attach the anterior part of the case during rest and pupation. The outer edges of the wide part are pasted on the rock surface with silken threads and form a ‘cup-shaped’ space anteriorly and this space acts like a brooding chamber or pupation chamber for the development of pupae into adult insects. The exoskeleton and head capsules of larvae after moulting will deposit into this space (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BF16BDAB01C4F80B" box="[325,406,1924,1950]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="10.[152,255,1181,1205]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,181,1157]" captionTargetId="figure-22@10.[151,1436,181,1157]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 11. Cup shaped region of the pupal case, head capsules and other remnants seen in this space." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426547" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426547/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). The posterior tube-like case is extended into this space and metamorphosis is completed at this extended tip of the case (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF79F62BFB0BD87027AF857" box="[483,552,1960,1986]" captionStart="FIGURE 9" captionStartId="9.[152,255,1062,1086]" captionTargetBox="[223,1365,181,1038]" captionTargetId="figure-17@9.[223,1365,181,1038]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 9. Pupal exuvia at the posterior end of the case." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426543" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426543/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="526">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). The male-female ratio at emergence was 1:1 (2 each) unlike other species of the region where females outnumbered the males.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF49F61BECBBD2E03B6F8A8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426536" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426536/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" startId="6.[152,255,1793,1817]" targetBox="[163,1424,181,1769]" targetPageId="6" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF49F61BECBBD2E03B6F8A8" blockId="6.[151,1437,1793,1853]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BECBBD2E0148F88C" bold="true" box="[152,282,1793,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
|
||
Male genitalia, a. genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF49F61BC0EBD2D0341F88C" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[605,787,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BC0EBD2D0341F88C" box="[605,787,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF49F61BD48BD2D033AF88C" box="[795,872,1794,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, b. genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF49F61BA5EBD2D0490F88C" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1037,1218,1793,1817]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BA5EBD2D0490F88C" box="[1037,1218,1793,1817]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BA98BD2E054CF88C" bold="true" box="[1227,1310,1793,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFF49F61BA98BD2E054CF88C" box="[1227,1310,1793,1817]" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, drawing T. Sobczyk c. genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF49F61BFD5BD0901ABF8A8" box="[390,505,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BFD5BD0901ABF8A8" box="[390,505,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
d. genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF49F61BCC1BD090357F8A8" box="[658,773,1829,1853]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="527" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF49F61BCC1BD090357F8A8" box="[658,773,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="527">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, drawing T. Sobczyk.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF59F60BECBBFC60271F994" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426539" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426539" box="[152,547,1513,1537]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426539/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" startId="7.[152,255,1513,1537]" targetBox="[162,1426,206,1489]" targetPageId="7" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF59F60BECBBFC60271F994" blockId="7.[152,547,1513,1537]" box="[152,547,1513,1537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF59F60BECBBFC6014AF994" bold="true" box="[152,280,1513,1537]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva a. dorsal b. ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFF59F6FBE94BC000401FA15" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="529" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF59F60BE94BC00020AF8D3" blockId="7.[151,1437,1583,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF59F60BE94BC000133F9DC" bold="true" box="[199,353,1583,1609]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval and pupal cases were collected from Nariyampara of Idukki,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF07BEFFF59F60BACCBC0004B8F9DC" box="[1183,1258,1583,1609]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFF59F60BAACBC00050AF9DC" box="[1279,1368,1583,1609]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="11.[152,255,1943,1967]" captionTargetBox="[222,1366,191,1909]" captionTargetId="figure-17@11.[212,1376,181,1919]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 13. Map showing location of type locality." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426553" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426553/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The collection site was at an altitude of 960 mASL.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFF59F60BCF8BC7C039FF9F8" author="Soil Maps of India" box="[683,973,1619,1646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" refId="ref5430" refString="Soil Maps of India (1996) Soil Maps of India. Prepared and Published by National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (ICAR) with Department of Agriculture, Kerala. [map]" type="book" year="1996">
|
||
Soil Maps of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFF59F60BD11BC7C032EF9F8" box="[834,892,1619,1645]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(1996)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describe the soil of the region as ‘Clayey mixed ustic pale humults and rock land (very deep, well-drained, clayey soil on moderately steeply sloping high hills with thin vegetation, with moderate erosion, associated with rock outcrops and deep well-drained gravelly loam soils on gentle slopes). Average temperature is 20°C. Summer temperatures range from 19°C to 29°C and winter temperatures fluctuate between 15°C to 24°C. The Centre for Earth Studies Resource Atlas of
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF07BEFFF59F60BB53BCCC0519F968" box="[1280,1355,1763,1789]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
(1994) records average rainfall at Nariyampara was South West Monsoon
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF59F60BDF1BD2803AAF8B7" box="[930,1016,1799,1826]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="150.0">150 cm</quantity>
|
||
and Northeast Monsoon
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF59F60BB72BD28053BF8B7" box="[1313,1385,1799,1826]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="40.0">40 cm</quantity>
|
||
and ‘Other rains’ was reported as
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFF59F60BFB2BD040206F8D3" box="[481,596,1835,1862]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" unit="cm" value="40.0" valueMax="50.0" valueMin="30.0">30–50 cm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF59F60BE94BD600345F843" blockId="7.[151,1437,1583,2006]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF59F60BE94BD6002F8F8FC" bold="true" box="[199,682,1871,1897]" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">DNA barcode and phylogenetic analysis.</emphasis>
|
||
COI sequencing of the species was done and the sequence has 655 base pairs. The sequence was uploaded to the NCBI GenBank with the accession number OR044899. The BLAST search results of the sequence show 93.59% sequence similarity with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF59F60BDCABDB70433F824" box="[921,1121,1943,1969]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF59F60BDCABDB70433F824" box="[921,1121,1943,1969]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Eumasia thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(OP302728) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFF59F60BB67BDB8053CF824" box="[1332,1390,1943,1969]" name="India" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
and 89.88% with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFF59F60BF7EBD9301A8F840" authorityName="Saigusa & Sugimoto" authorityYear="2005" box="[301,506,1979,2005]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="528" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF59F60BF7EBD9301A8F840" box="[301,506,1979,2005]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Eumasia muscella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(LC094210) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFF59F60BC83BD930341F843" box="[720,787,1980,2006]" name="Japan" pageId="7" pageNumber="528">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFFA9F6FBECBBEBF0194FB32" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426541" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426541" box="[152,454,1168,1192]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426541/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" startId="8.[152,255,1168,1192]" targetBox="[159,1429,373,1101]" targetPageId="8" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFA9F6FBECBBEBF0194FB32" blockId="8.[152,454,1168,1192]" box="[152,454,1168,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBECBBEBF014AFB3D" bold="true" box="[152,280,1168,1192]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">FIGURE 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Larva with case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFA9F6FBE94BEF90401FA15" blockId="8.[151,1437,1238,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
The tree (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFFA9F6FBF64BEF901D8FB65" box="[311,394,1238,1264]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="12.[152,255,1677,1701]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,317,1641]" captionTargetId="figure-22@12.[161,1426,178,1641]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 14. Phylogenetic tree showing systematic position of E. venefica sp. nov." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426557" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426557/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
) with the highest log likelihood (-1709.54) is shown. The percentage of similarity between each taxon and taxon cluster is shown next to the branches.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD10BED40458FA81" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[835,1034,1274,1300]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD10BED40458FA81" box="[835,1034,1274,1300]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBA41BED5043FFA81" bold="true" box="[1042,1133,1274,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBA41BED5043FFA81" box="[1042,1133,1274,1300]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows the highest relation with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBE80BF3001CDFAAD" box="[211,415,1310,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBE80BF3001CDFAAD" box="[211,415,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF07BEFFFA9F6FBFB9BF310265FAAD" box="[490,567,1310,1336]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFFA9F6FBC15BF3102D1FAAD" box="[582,643,1310,1336]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This cluster shows higher affinity to the branch having
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBB44BF3005CFFAAD" authorityName="Saigusa & Sugimoto" authorityYear="2005" box="[1303,1437,1310,1336]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBB44BF3005CFFAAD" box="[1303,1437,1310,1336]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. muscella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBE9BBF6C01C1FAC9" box="[200,403,1346,1372]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="viridilichenella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBE9BBF6C01C1FAC9" box="[200,403,1346,1372]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. viridilichenella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(both species reported from Asia). Detailed discussion of the eastern and western group of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBEC4BF4800ABFA15" authorityName="Chretien" authorityYear="1904" box="[151,249,1383,1408]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBEC4BF4800ABFA15" box="[151,249,1383,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
following
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBF27BF49023DFA15" author="Hattenschwiler, P." box="[372,623,1382,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="264 - 282" refId="ref4754" refString="Hattenschwiler, P. (1998) Neue Eumasia Arten aus Mittelspanien und den Malediven und einige Erganzungen zur Kenntnis der Gattung Eumasia (Psychidae). Nota lepidopterologica, 21 (4), 264 - 282." type="journal article" year="1998">Hättenschwiler (1998)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
has been presented by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBD27BF49041DFA15" author="Usha, A. U. & Sobczyk, T. & Jose, R. T. & Jose, J." box="[884,1103,1382,1408]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="232 - 246" refId="ref5611" refString="Usha, A. U., Sobczyk, T., Jose, R. T. & Jose, J. (2022 b) Eumasia thomasii sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India. Zootaxa, 5200 (3), 232 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5200.3.2" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Usha
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBDE7BF4803BFFA15" box="[948,1005,1382,1408]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2022b)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3619AD7FFFA9F6BBE94BFA5029CF853" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="533" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFA9F6FBE94BFA50400F8ED" blockId="8.[151,1437,1238,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBE94BFA50168FA31" bold="true" box="[199,314,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBF1BBFA4025DFA31" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[328,527,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBF1BBFA4025DFA31" box="[328,527,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC45BFA50222FA31" bold="true" box="[534,624,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBC45BFA50222FA31" box="[534,624,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD57BFA40436FA31" authority="(Usha et al. 2022 b)" baseAuthorityName="Usha" baseAuthorityYear="2022" box="[772,1124,1418,1444]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD57BFA403D1FA31" box="[772,899,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBDC1BFA5040EFA31" author="Usha, A. U. & Sobczyk, T. & Jose, R. T. & Jose, J." box="[914,1116,1418,1444]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="232 - 246" refId="ref5611" refString="Usha, A. U., Sobczyk, T., Jose, R. T. & Jose, J. (2022 b) Eumasia thomasii sp. nov. a new species of the subfamily Eumasiinae (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) from India. Zootaxa, 5200 (3), 232 - 246. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 5200.3.2" type="journal article" year="2022">
|
||
Usha
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD86BFA4045FFA31" box="[981,1037,1418,1444]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2022b
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49BF07BEFFFA9F6FBAFBBFA504A7FA31" box="[1192,1269,1418,1444]" country="India" name="Kerala" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Kerala</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFFA9F6FBB53BFA50568FA31" box="[1280,1338,1418,1444]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
by wing venation, wingspan and larval case structure. No veins are stalked in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBDE3BF80046BFA5D" box="[944,1081,1454,1480]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBDE3BF800466FA5D" box="[944,1076,1454,1480]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">E. thomasii</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBAAEBFEF0545FA5B" attach="left" box="[1277,1303,1472,1486]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBB3ABFEE0523FA5A" attach="left" box="[1385,1393,1473,1487]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">1</subScript>
|
||
are shortly stalked in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBF36BFFC027FFA79" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[357,557,1490,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBF36BFFC027FFA79" box="[357,557,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC65BFFD02C0FA79" bold="true" box="[566,658,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBC65BFFD02C0FA79" box="[566,658,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The wingspan between male and female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBA3CBFFC0565FA79" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1135,1335,1490,1516]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBA3CBFFC0565FA79" box="[1135,1335,1490,1516]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBB12BFFD05CEFA79" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBB12BFFD05CEFA79" box="[1345,1436,1490,1516]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has a
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFFA9F6FBE8FBFD90172F984" box="[220,288,1526,1553]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
difference (M:8–8.2, F: 9–9.3) whereas both sexes in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBDCBBFD80431F985" box="[920,1123,1526,1552]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBDCBBFD80431F985" box="[920,1123,1526,1552]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have a lesser difference in wingspan (M: 8–8.2, F: 8–8.8).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBFAABC3402ECF9A1" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[505,702,1562,1588]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBFAABC3402ECF9A1" box="[505,702,1562,1588]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC96BC35034CF9A1" bold="true" box="[709,798,1562,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBC96BC35034CF9A1" box="[709,798,1562,1588]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
flies in October and November but flights were observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBEE6BC100166F9CD" box="[181,308,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBEE6BC100166F9CD" box="[181,308,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
during January and July. Walker (1964) described
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD20BC100457F9CD" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[883,1029,1598,1624]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD20BC100457F9CD" box="[883,1029,1598,1624]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. arenatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with a wingspan of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFFA9F6FBABFBC110503F9CC" box="[1260,1361,1598,1625]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.26" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="mm" value="12.6">12.6 mm</quantity>
|
||
which is much larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBF2CBC4C01AFF9E9" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[383,509,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBF2CBC4C01AFF9E9" box="[383,509,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC54BC4D0231F9E9" bold="true" box="[519,611,1634,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBC54BC4D0231F9E9" box="[519,611,1634,1660]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBC3FBC4C0352F9E9" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[620,768,1634,1660]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC3FBC4C0352F9E9" box="[620,768,1634,1660]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. arenatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was reported from Eastern Himalayas from an altitude of
|
||
<quantity id="4C8364B9FFFA9F6FBEC4BCA900BBF935" box="[151,233,1670,1697]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.524" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" unit="ft" value="5000.0">5000 ft</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBEA2BCA901F4F935" author="Meyrick, E." box="[241,422,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="217 - 232" refId="ref4815" refString="Meyrick, E. (1910) XXII. Notes and descriptions of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. Records of the Indian Museum, 5, 217 - 232. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. part. 10499" type="journal article" year="1910">Meyrick (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBFE1BCA80217F935" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[434,581,1670,1696]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBFE1BCA80217F935" box="[434,581,1670,1696]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. arenatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
had six forewing dc veins (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBDD0BCA90422F935" author="Hattenschwiler, P." box="[899,1136,1670,1696]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="264 - 282" refId="ref4754" refString="Hattenschwiler, P. (1998) Neue Eumasia Arten aus Mittelspanien und den Malediven und einige Erganzungen zur Kenntnis der Gattung Eumasia (Psychidae). Nota lepidopterologica, 21 (4), 264 - 282." type="journal article" year="1998">Hättenschwiler 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) which is one less than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBBD7BCA800A6F951" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBBD7BCA800A6F951" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Male moth of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBFFBBC840243F951" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1919" box="[424,529,1707,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBFFBBC840243F951" box="[424,529,1707,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. exoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
reported from Bengal had a larger wingspan than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBA02BC84049DF951" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1105,1231,1706,1732]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBA02BC84049DF951" box="[1105,1231,1706,1732]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Venation has not been described. (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBF0BBCE10250F97D" author="Meyrick, E." box="[344,514,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="104 - 131" refId="ref4857" refString="Meyrick, E. (1911) Description of Indian Micro-Lepidoptera. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 21, 104 - 131." type="journal article" year="1911">Meyrick, 1911</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBC43BCE1021EF97D" author="Meyrick, E." box="[528,588,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="257 - 288" refId="ref4883" refString="Meyrick, E. (1919) Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2 (9), 257 - 288." type="journal article" year="1919">1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Flight time of both these species also differed from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBAEABCE00565F97D" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1209,1335,1742,1768]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBAEABCE00565F97D" box="[1209,1335,1742,1768]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBB12BCE105CEF97D" bold="true" box="[1345,1436,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBB12BCE105CEF97D" box="[1345,1436,1742,1768]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6F9FCE7FFFA9F6FBECCBCDD00A5F899" box="[159,247,1778,1804]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="13.[151,243,641,667]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="TABLE 2. Overview of Eumasia species in Asia." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF0499D4FFFF9F6ABEC4B8AE02FEFD0E" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" tableUuid="DF0499D4FFFF9F6ABEC4B8AE02FEFD0E">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
). Colour and markings are also different with both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD68BCDC039FF899" baseAuthorityName="Walker" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[827,973,1778,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD68BCDC039FF899" box="[827,973,1778,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. arenatella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBA57BCDC0437F899" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1919" box="[1028,1125,1779,1804]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBA57BCDC0437F899" box="[1028,1125,1779,1804]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E exoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
being much paler.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBB6EBCDD00B0F8A5" author="Meyrick, E." pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="257 - 288" refId="ref4883" refString="Meyrick, E. (1919) Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2 (9), 257 - 288." type="journal article" year="1919">Meyrick (1919)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
describes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBF04BD3801ECF8A5" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1919" box="[343,446,1815,1840]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBF04BD3801ECF8A5" box="[343,446,1815,1840]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. exoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with “markings dark fuscous; five roundish spots on costa, two in the disc at middle and ¾ (representing stigmata), and several small elongate marks on posterior part of dorsum and termen. Cilia whitish, basal half barred dark fuscous irroration” which is different from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD26BD7003A3F8ED" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[885,1009,1886,1912]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD26BD7003A3F8ED" box="[885,1009,1886,1912]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBDABBD710400F8ED" bold="true" box="[1016,1106,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFA9F6FBDABBD710400F8ED" box="[1016,1106,1886,1912]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFA9F6FBE94BDAC038DF855" blockId="8.[151,1437,1238,1991]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBE94BDAC02D1F808" authority="Saigusa & Sugimoto, 2005" authorityName="Saigusa & Sugimoto" authorityYear="2005" box="[199,643,1922,1949]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBE94BDAC0119F809" box="[199,331,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">E. muscella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBF01BDAD02D1F808" author="Saigusa, T. & Sugimoto, M." box="[338,643,1922,1949]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="12 - 23" refId="ref5132" refString="Saigusa, T. & Sugimoto, M. (2005) Taxonomic study on Japanese species of the genus Eumasia, hitherto unknown from Japan (Lepidoptera, Psychidae). Tinea, 18 (3), 12 - 23." type="journal article" year="2005">Saigusa & Sugimoto, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFA9F6FBCC1BDAD0317F809" author="Roh, S. J. & Oh, S. H. & Byun, B. K." box="[658,837,1922,1948]" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" pagination="544 - 546" refId="ref5066" refString="Roh, S. J., Oh, S. H. & Byun, B. K. (2018) Genus Eumasia Chretien (Lepidoptera: Psychidae: Eumasiinae) new to Korea with E. muscella. Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity, 11, 544 - 546. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. japb. 2018.08.008" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Roh
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBC99BDAC0351F809" box="[714,771,1922,1948]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFFA9F6FBDC1BDAC0380F808" box="[914,978,1923,1949]" name="Japan" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFFA9F6FBA59BDAD04C5F808" box="[1034,1175,1922,1949]" name="South Korea" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">South Korea</collectingCountry>
|
||
also differ in forewing venation - the veins R
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBFDEBD9701F5F853" attach="left" box="[397,423,1976,1990]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">4+5</subScript>
|
||
and M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBFA5BD9601ACF852" attach="left" box="[502,510,1977,1991]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">1</subScript>
|
||
, M
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBC76BD96026CF852" attach="left" box="[549,574,1977,1991]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">2+3</subScript>
|
||
and CuA
|
||
<subScript id="17FFCB19FFFA9F6FBCF9BD9602E0F852" attach="left" box="[682,690,1977,1991]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">1</subScript>
|
||
are stalked in
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFA9F6FBD06BD88038DF855" box="[853,991,1958,1984]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="529">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFA9F6FBD06BD880389F855" authorityName="Saigusa & Sugimoto" authorityYear="2005" box="[853,987,1958,1984]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="529" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="muscella">E. muscella</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFFB9F6EBECBBE0902B7FBAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426543" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426543" box="[152,741,1062,1086]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426543/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" startId="9.[152,255,1062,1086]" targetBox="[223,1365,181,1038]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFB9F6EBECBBE0902B7FBAB" blockId="9.[152,741,1062,1086]" box="[152,741,1062,1086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFB9F6EBECBBE09014AFBAB" bold="true" box="[152,280,1062,1086]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 9.</emphasis>
|
||
Pupal exuvia at the posterior end of the case.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFFB9F6EBECBBDFB0368F879" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426545" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426545" box="[152,826,2004,2028]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426545/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="530" startId="9.[152,255,2004,2028]" targetBox="[214,1374,1111,1981]" targetPageId="9" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFB9F6EBECBBDFB0368F879" blockId="9.[152,826,2004,2028]" box="[152,826,2004,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFB9F6EBECBBDFB0177F879" bold="true" box="[152,293,2004,2028]" pageId="9" pageNumber="530">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
|
||
Male and female pupal cases attached to each other.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF89F6DBECBBEB204EBFB20" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426547" box="[152,1209,1181,1205]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426547/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" startId="10.[152,255,1181,1205]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1157]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF89F6DBECBBEB204EBFB20" blockId="10.[152,1209,1181,1205]" box="[152,1209,1181,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF89F6DBECBBEB20176FB20" bold="true" box="[152,292,1181,1205]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Cup shaped region of the pupal case, head capsules and other remnants seen in this space.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF89F6DBECBBDA10275F85F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426549" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426549" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426549/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="531" startId="10.[152,255,1934,1958]" targetBox="[165,1422,1232,1910]" targetPageId="10" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF89F6DBECBBDA10275F85F" blockId="10.[151,1436,1934,1994]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF89F6DBECBBDA10176F833" bold="true" box="[152,292,1934,1958]" pageId="10" pageNumber="531">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Larval habitat; a. Larval case clustering as a colony on lichen covered rock. B. Larva protruding out of the anterior opening of case seen built with lichens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFF99F6CBECBBDB802E1F83A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426553" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426553" box="[152,691,1943,1968]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426553/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="532" startId="11.[152,255,1943,1967]" targetBox="[222,1366,191,1909]" targetPageId="11" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFF99F6CBECBBDB802E1F83A" blockId="11.[152,691,1943,1968]" box="[152,691,1943,1968]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFF99F6CBECBBDB80177F83A" bold="true" box="[152,293,1943,1967]" pageId="11" pageNumber="532">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Map showing location of type locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF0499D4FFFE9F6BBECBBCA203B9F933" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426557" ID-Zenodo-Dep="8426557" box="[152,1003,1677,1702]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426557/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" startId="12.[152,255,1677,1701]" targetBox="[164,1424,317,1641]" targetPageId="12" targetType="figure">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFE9F6BBECBBCA203B9F933" blockId="12.[152,1003,1677,1702]" box="[152,1003,1677,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBECBBCA20177F930" bold="true" box="[152,293,1677,1701]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
Phylogenetic tree showing systematic position of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBD70BCA103C1F933" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[803,915,1678,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBD70BCA103C1F933" box="[803,915,1678,1702]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFE9F6BBDC9BCA103B9F933" box="[922,1003,1678,1702]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BC4C95CFFFE9F6BBE94BCFB029CF853" blockId="12.[151,1437,1748,1990]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">
|
||
The genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBFD7BCFA021EF97B" authority="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose, 2023" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[388,588,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica" status="sp. nov">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBFD7BCFA021EF97B" box="[388,588,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Eumasia venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A23CA835FFFE9F6BBC06BCFB02F5F97B" box="[597,679,1748,1774]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" rank="species">sp. nov</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is distinct from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBD36BCFA03B4F97B" box="[869,998,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBD36BCFA03B4F97B" box="[869,998,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The genitalia of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBAE0BCFA0563F97B" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[1203,1329,1748,1774]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBAE0BCFA0563F97B" box="[1203,1329,1748,1774]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is longer than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBE9CBCD6011CF887" box="[207,334,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBE9CBCD6011CF887" box="[207,334,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBF2FBCD601A9F887" box="[380,507,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="thomasii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBF2FBCD601A9F887" box="[380,507,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. thomasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the tegumen is arched anteriorly while in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBD84BCD60401F887" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[983,1107,1784,1810]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBD84BCD60401F887" box="[983,1107,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
it is arched apically. Valva is elongated in E.
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBF1FBD3301F7F8A3" box="[332,421,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">thomasi</emphasis>
|
||
but short in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBC6ABD3202E4F8A3" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[569,694,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBC6ABD3202E4F8A3" box="[569,694,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Phallus is longer in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBDF8BD32047BF8A3" authorityName="Unnikrishnan & Sobczyk & Jose & Jose" authorityYear="2023" box="[939,1065,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="venefica">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBDF8BD32047BF8A3" box="[939,1065,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. venefica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="1340D5D9FFFE9F6BBA68BD330428F8A3" box="[1083,1146,1820,1846]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="6.[152,255,1793,1817]" captionTargetBox="[163,1424,181,1769]" captionTargetId="figure-22@6.[160,1426,178,1769]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 6. Male genitalia, a. genitalia of Eumasia venefica sp. nov, b. genitalia of Eumasia venefica sp. nov., drawing T. Sobczyk c. genitalia of E. thomasii d. genitalia of E. thomasii, drawing T. Sobczyk." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8426536" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/8426536/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Fig.6</figureCitation>
|
||
). The descriptions of two other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBF04BD6E01EBF8CF" authorityName="Chretien" authorityYear="1904" box="[343,441,1857,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBF04BD6E01EBF8CF" box="[343,441,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Eumasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F36C89CCFFFE9F6BBC57BD6F026CF8CF" box="[516,574,1856,1882]" name="India" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBC02BD6E033FF8CF" authority="Meyrick, 1919" authorityName="Meyrick" authorityYear="1919" box="[593,877,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exoria">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBC02BD6E02E9F8CF" box="[593,699,1857,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. exoria</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFE9F6BBC96BD6F033FF8CF" author="Meyrick, E." box="[709,877,1856,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="257 - 288" refId="ref4883" refString="Meyrick, E. (1919) Exotic Microlepidoptera, 2 (9), 257 - 288." type="journal article" year="1919">Meyrick, 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBDFABD6E04B2F8CF" authority="Walker, 1864" authorityName="Walker" authorityYear="1864" box="[937,1248,1856,1882]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arenatella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBDFABD6E046FF8CF" box="[937,1085,1856,1882]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">E. arenatella</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFEAB4ADFFFE9F6BBA14BD6F04B2F8CF" author="Walker, F." box="[1095,1248,1856,1882]" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" pagination="837 - 1096" refId="ref6050" refString="Walker, F. (1864) Lepidoptera Heterocera. List of the Specimens of Lepidopterous Insects in the Collection of the British Museum, 30, 837 - 1096." type="journal article" year="1864">Walker, 1864</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) do not provide details of genitalia. The overview of 10 described Asian species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C7BB2DFFFFE9F6BBDDEBD4A03BDF8EB" authorityName="Chretien" authorityYear="1904" box="[909,1007,1893,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Psychidae" genus="Eumasia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="533" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B90F154EFFFE9F6BBDDEBD4A03BDF8EB" box="[909,1007,1893,1918]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="533">Eumasia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Table: 2) shows that the new species has distinct characteristics from other species of the same genus. For nine of these species, the original descriptions are brief and do not allow comparative statements.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |