255 lines
30 KiB
XML
255 lines
30 KiB
XML
<document id="ECDE03F6E3910E236BAD632810402447" ID-CLB-Dataset="36820" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a4b69269-5a4c-4b5b-9f89-6b314d3ba284" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="286556" ID-ZooBank="75210CDC-AC6A-4624-A6F1-1BC969BC7CAA" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460452709399" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Pyron, Robert Alexander & Wallach, Van" docDate="2014" docId="03B587DDC10DB174CFD7C92EFD41FF76" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03829p081.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3829 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Indotyphlops Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal 2014" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="57" masterDocId="FF8CFFA5C13AB14CCF40CA0EFFB9FFA2" masterDocTitle="Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence" masterLastPageNumber="81" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="56" updateTime="1698338434491" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="EC4D91BFA4FA75E3CA1BA957B1B49E2E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="566944324F67AE2C60AFDDD8AC73912C">
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<mods:title id="9B4E5D3DBEE37ED61D57B9F3AA4753E2">Systematics of the blindsnakes (Serpentes: Scolecophidia: Typhlopoidea) based on molecular and morphological evidence</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="FDF8A889FD555F85B5EB47E4179B4286" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="39C6F05F828BCA9625AF664C410A9296">Pyron, Robert Alexander</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1B1900607AEC6CCBBDBD03ADCB55D07D" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="52CC68A50C91E064767C7BC198EAB0AB">Wallach, Van</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8470985ECAAD43488252A186F05516F5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="BFDD0EA9A0EBE3C6A75E7C296A9B4FB1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C3C6EBC4893C45D4A6029DE359BA577A">3829</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="3312240175FE45C1E12815B16F6731D0" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3829.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03B587DDC10DB174CFD7C92EFD41FF76" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6128000" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127668691" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6128000" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B587DDC10DB174CFD7C92EFD41FF76" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B587DDC10DB174CFD7C92EFD41FF76" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB17BCFD7C92EFCDBFC98" box="[151,866,800,826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCFD7C92EFCDBFC98" blockId="55.[151,866,800,826]" box="[151,866,800,826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<heading id="D0EB81A7C10DB17BCFD7C92EFCDBFC98" bold="true" box="[151,866,800,826]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCFD7C92EFCDBFC98" authority="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014" authorityName="Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal" authorityYear="2014" box="[151,866,800,826]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCFD7C92EFCDBFC98" bold="true" box="[151,866,800,826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCFD7C92EFE8CFC98" bold="true" box="[151,309,800,826]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indotyphlops</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10DB17BCE7CC92EFCDBFC98" author="Hedges" box="[316,866,800,826]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article" year="2014">Hedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin & Vidal, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB17BCFD7C968FCCCFC49" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCFD7C968FD78FCDD" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" box="[151,705,870,895]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCFD7C968FE8BFCDD" bold="true" box="[151,306,870,895]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<typeStatus id="54A78869C10DB17BCFD7C968FF6BFCDD" box="[151,210,870,895]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Type</typeStatus>
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species.
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</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCE79C968FD78FCDD" authority="Gunther, 1864" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1864" box="[313,705,870,895]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pammeces">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCE79C968FDA1FCDC" box="[313,536,870,895]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Typhlops pammeces</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10DB17BCD60C968FD78FCDD" author="Gunther" box="[544,705,870,895]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Gunther, A. C. L. G. (1864) The Reptiles of British India. Ray Society, London, xxvii + 452 pp." type="book" year="1864">Günther, 1864</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87C984FCCCFC49" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87C984FD3CFC01" bold="true" box="[199,645,906,931]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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Species content.
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCECAC984FD3CFC01" box="[394,645,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCECAC984FD3CFC01" box="[394,645,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indotyphlops albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCDD2C985FCA0FC01" box="[658,793,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCDD2C985FCA0FC01" bold="true" box="[658,793,906,931]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">I. braminus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCC67C982FC2CFC01" box="[807,917,908,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="exiguus">I. exiguus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCCE0C982FB98FC01" box="[928,1057,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="filiformis">I. filiformis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCB6BC982FB2CFC01" box="[1067,1173,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jerdoni">I. jerdoni</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCBDFC982FA96FC01" box="[1183,1327,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lankaensis">I. lankaensis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCA7AC982FA2EFC01" box="[1338,1431,906,931]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lazelli">I. lazelli</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCFD7C9A1FE88FC65" box="[151,305,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leucomelas">I. leucomelas</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCE7DC9A1FE73FC65" box="[317,458,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="loveridgei">I. loveridgei</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCE97C9A1FD1FFC65" box="[471,678,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madgemintonae">I. madgemintonae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCDF3C9A1FC8EFC65" box="[691,823,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="malcolmi">I. malcolmi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCC04C9A1FC74FC65" box="[836,973,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="meszoelyi">I. meszoelyi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCC99C9A1FBF3FC65" box="[985,1098,942,967]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ozakiae">I. ozakiae</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCB17C9A1FB50FC64" box="[1111,1257,943,966]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pammeces">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCB17C9A1FB50FC64" bold="true" box="[1111,1257,943,966]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">I. pammeces</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCBB8C9A1FAC7FC64" box="[1272,1406,943,966]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porrectus">I. porrectus</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCACBC9A1FF45FC49" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="schmutzi">I. schmutzi</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCE47C9DAFE1AFC49" box="[263,419,978,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenebrarum">I. tenebrarum</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCEEFC9DAFD84FC49" box="[431,573,978,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tenuicollis">I. tenuicollis</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCD09C9DAFD0BFC49" box="[585,690,978,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="veddae">I. veddae</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCDADC9DAFCCCFC49" box="[749,885,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCDADC9DAFCC8FC49" box="[749,881,978,1003]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="violaceus">I. violaceus</taxonomicName>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB17BCF87C9F8FEDDF989" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87C9F8FEEAFA1D" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87C9F8FEF8FBAD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1014,1039]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCE09C9F8FE62FBAD" box="[329,475,1014,1039]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCE09C9F8FE62FBAD" box="[329,475,1014,1039]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indotyphlops</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be separated from all other typhlopoids by a T-III or T-V
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<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCBE3C9F9FB72FBAD" box="[1187,1227,1015,1039]" name="Cyprus" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">SIP</collectingCountry>
|
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and the following combination of characters: small to moderate-sized (total length
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<quantity id="4CE49B2EC10DB17BCCC6CE14FBADFB91" box="[902,1044,1050,1075]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.65" metricValueMin="0.35" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" unit="mm" value="200.0" valueMax="365.0" valueMin="35.0">35–365 mm</quantity>
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), stout- to slender-bodied (length/ width ratio 23–130) snakes with 18–22 scale rows (usually without reduction), 229–523 total middorsals, short to long tail (1.1–6.7% total length) with 7–26 subcaudals (length/width ratio 0.7–3.7), and small apical spine. Dorsal and lateral head profiles rounded, narrow to moderate rostral (0.22–0.66 head width), inferior nasal suture in contact with first or second supralabial or preocular, superior nasal suture visible dorsally in some species, preocular in contact with second and third supralabials, postocular usually single. Lateral tongue papillae present; left lung absent, tracheal lung unicameral, paucicameral (with 16–34 pockets) or multicameral (with 15–26 chambers), cardiac and right lungs unicameral; testes unsegmented; hemipenis usually eversible, lacking retrocloacal sacs (but protrusible with 0.5–3.5 coils with retrocloacal sacs in some species); and rectal caecum usually small (0.7–7.4% SVL). Coloration of dorsum light brown to black with gradual transition to a lighter venter; labials, chin, cloacal region and/or tail tip white (some species pigmentless and pink or yellow and some have light head).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87CFC4FEDDF989" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87CFC4FE5AFA41" bold="true" box="[199,483,1482,1507]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Phylogenetic definition.</emphasis>
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Includes the MRCA of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCDBCCFC4FC4CFA41" box="[764,1013,1482,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="albiceps">
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<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCDBCCFC4FC4CFA41" box="[764,1013,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indotyphlops albiceps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCB71CFC2FB0DFA41" box="[1073,1204,1482,1507]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCB71CFC2FB0DFA41" box="[1073,1204,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">I. braminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and all descendants thereof, and all species more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCD81CFE1FCE9F9A4" box="[705,848,1519,1542]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pammeces">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCD81CFE1FCE9F9A4" box="[705,848,1519,1542]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">I. pammeces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
than to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54A78869C10DB17BCCA2CFE1FBABF9A5" box="[994,1042,1519,1543]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the 15 other typhlopid genera listed here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB17BCF87CC38FBF9F9ED" box="[199,1088,1590,1615]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87CC38FBF9F9ED" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" box="[199,1088,1590,1615]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87CC38FEF7F9ED" bold="true" box="[199,334,1590,1615]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Name refers to the Indian to Indonesian distribution of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB17BCF87CC54FE60F885" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87CC54FE60F885" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87CC54FED9F9D1" bold="true" box="[199,352,1626,1651]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Species occur from the Indian subcontinent in South Asia, primarily
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCBCECC54FB73F9D1" box="[1166,1226,1626,1651]" name="India" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCB98CC54FA83F9D1" box="[1240,1338,1626,1651]" name="Pakistan" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Pakistan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCA3BCC54FF59F935" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
, through parts of Southeast Asia and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCDEDCC70FCA7F935" box="[685,798,1662,1687]" name="Indonesia" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
|
||
. One species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCC8FCC70FB61F935" box="[975,1240,1662,1687]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCC8FCC70FB61F935" box="[975,1240,1662,1687]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Indotyphlops braminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, has achieved a cosmopolitan distribution (Wallach 2009), partly due to its parthenogenetic nature (with each individual able to found a new colony) and partly as a result of human activities (transported in the soil of plants and ballast of ships). Speculation of its origin as southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCD73CCE4FDD4F8A1" box="[563,621,1770,1795]" name="India" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCDD2CCE4FCB9F8A1" box="[658,768,1770,1795]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Wallach 2009) is supported by its relationship with Indian and Sri Lankan taxa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A4EC10DB17BCEC7CD00FE71F885" box="[391,456,1806,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[212,1348,195,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[208,1364,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 1. Results from a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 95 of the 275 known, extant species of typhlopoid blindsnakes. Tree represents the ML estimate from a concatenated matrix of 4 mitochondrial and 6 nuclear genes (6290 bp total), inferred using 200 independent searches in RAxMLv 7.2.8, with support estimated from 1000 non-parametric BS replicates (> 50 % shown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286557/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3066540C10DB174CF87CD3CFD41FF76" lastPageId="56" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC10DB17BCF87CD3CFA25F879" blockId="55.[151,1437,870,2011]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCF87CD3CFE82F8E9" bold="true" box="[199,315,1842,1867]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Includes the former
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCD09CD3CFC8AF8E9" box="[585,819,1842,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pammeces">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCD09CD3CFC8AF8E9" box="[585,819,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Typhlops pammeces</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCCE6CD3AFB9BF8E9" box="[934,1058,1842,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Typhlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="conradi">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCCE6CD3AFB9BF8E9" box="[934,1058,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">T. conradi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; see below) and
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCA45CD3AFE7CF8CD" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCA45CD3AFA36F8E8" box="[1285,1423,1843,1867]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="porrectus">T. porrectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C10DB17BCFD7CD58FE7CF8CD" box="[151,453,1878,1903]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">Ramphotyphlops braminus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
species groups (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10DB17BCD3FCD58FC1BF8CD" author="Wallach" box="[639,930,1878,1903]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Wallach, V. & Pauwels, O. S. G. (2004) Typhlops lazelli, a new species of Chinese blindsnake from Hong Kong (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Breviora, 512, 1 - 21. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3099 / 0006 - 9698 (2004) 512 [1: tlanso] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2004">Wallach & Pauwels 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), though some species may be re-assigned in the future. Diversity in this group is known to be much higher than currently recognized, with numerous newly discovered species in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B765BC10DB17BCED7CD90FDB0F815" box="[407,521,1950,1975]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13272A4EC10DB17BCD5CCD90FDDAF815" box="[540,611,1950,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="39.[151,249,1923,1945]" captionTargetBox="[212,1348,195,1894]" captionTargetId="figure@39.[208,1364,193,1894]" captionTargetPageId="39" captionText="FIGURE 1. Results from a molecular phylogenetic analysis of 95 of the 275 known, extant species of typhlopoid blindsnakes. Tree represents the ML estimate from a concatenated matrix of 4 mitochondrial and 6 nuclear genes (6290 bp total), inferred using 200 independent searches in RAxMLv 7.2.8, with support estimated from 1000 non-parametric BS replicates (> 50 % shown)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/286557/files/figure.png" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10DB17BCD35CD91FCE8F815" author="Pyron" box="[629,849,1950,1975]" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Pyron, R. A., Kandambi, H. K. D., Hendry, C. R., Pushpamal, V., Burbrink, F. T. & Somaweera, R. (2013 a) Genus-level phylogeny of snakes reveals the origins of species richness in Sri Lanka. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 66, 969 - 978. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.12.004" type="journal article" year="2013" yearSuffix="a">
|
||
Pyron
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCD82CD91FD47F815" box="[706,766,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2013a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; M. Wickremasinghe, pers. comm.).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC10DB17BCA41CD90FF58F879" pageId="55" pageNumber="56" refString="Hedges, S. B., Marion, A. B., Lipp, K. M., Marin, J. & Vidal, N. (2014) A taxonomic framework for typhlopid snakes from the Caribbean and other regions (Reptilia, Squamata). Caribbean Herpetology, 49, 1 - 61." type="journal article">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCA20CD91FA25F815" box="[1376,1436,1950,1975]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2014)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
recognized some species that are actually junior synonyms of other valid species (Wallach
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C10DB17BCA4ECDCAFAF3F879" box="[1294,1354,1986,2011]" italics="true" pageId="55" pageNumber="56">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2014).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA336CBC102B174CFD7CA99FD41FF76" blockId="56.[151,1436,151,213]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
||
These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CE4BCA99FD2EFF12" authority="Khan 1999" authorityName="Khan" authorityYear="1999" box="[267,663,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ahsanai">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CE4BCA99FE44FF12" box="[267,509,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Indotyphlops ahsanai</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC102B174CD4DCA99FD36FF12" author="Khan" box="[525,655,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Khan, M. S. (1999) Two new species and a subspecies of blind snakes of genus Typhlops from Azad Kashmir and Punjab, Pakistan (Serpentes: Typhlopidae). Russian Journal of Herpetology, 6, 231 - 240." type="journal article" year="1999">Khan 1999</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CC05CA97FBA9FF12" box="[837,1040,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="madgemintonae">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CC05CA97FBA9FF12" box="[837,1040,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">I. madgemintonae</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CB10CA97FAEDFF12" authority="Wall 1919" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1919" box="[1104,1364,151,176]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fletcheri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CB10CA97FB7CFF12" box="[1104,1221,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">I. fletcheri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B3AC102B174CB94CA99FAF2FF12" author="Wall" box="[1236,1355,151,176]" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" refString="Wall, F. (1919) Notes on a collection of Snakes made in the Nilgiri Hills and the adjacent Wynaad. Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 26, 552 - 584." type="journal article" year="1919">Wall 1919</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CACCCA97FE74FF77" authority="Thomas 1962" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1962" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Indotyphlops" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="khoratensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CACCCA97FEA1FF77" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">I. khoratensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Thomas 1962)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, synonyms of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D48C102B174CD30CAB3FD48FF77" box="[624,753,188,213]" class="Reptilia" family="Typhlopidae" genus="Ramphotyphlops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="braminus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EAD9C102B174CD30CAB3FD48FF77" box="[624,753,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">I. braminus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |