316 lines
39 KiB
XML
316 lines
39 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="445C16660A1B1584D9B55B8FBE9659F1">Revision of Banded Knifefishes of the Gymnotus carapo and G. tigre clades (Gymnotidae Gymnotiformes) from the Southern Neotropics</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="695C5B8DF0C94BB6193AE816AE3E3D9D">Craig, Jack M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="60F02899B1D7D7053876873D84FDE1E0">Malabarba, Luiz R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DFE1920D5C305088C59A1B31AFEFFA11">Crampton, William G. R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="886D6A9DB64F9540BC541779CBEDE9EB">Albert, James S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6BFC348710F89B4E3815E67BA9EE7BDE">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E75CAA1FFB833E1E39A3D03C523382BE">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A9C36BFFFEF5C820135E37FA885E2863">2018-02-13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0F2A0029EFCF3056D69626411591AC2B">4379</mods:number>
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<heading id="D0EB81EADB53FFB6F886FCDAFAB079AC" bold="true" box="[151,1397,871,898]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6F886FCDAFAB079AC" ID-CoL="3HVMZ" ID-ENA="1349310" authority="Fernandes, Albert, Daniel-Silva, Lopes, Crampton and de Almeida-Toledo, 2005" authorityName="Fernandes, Albert, Daniel-Silva, Lopes, Crampton and de Almeida-Toledo" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,1397,871,898]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantanal">
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F886FCDAFAB079AC" bold="true" box="[151,1397,871,898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F886FCDAFE4079AF" bold="true" box="[151,389,871,897]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Gymnotus pantanal</emphasis>
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Fernandes, Albert, Daniel-Silva, Lopes, Crampton and de
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8D4B77DB53FFB6FC74FCD5FAB079AC" box="[1125,1397,872,898]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" refId="ref18984" refString="Fernandes, F. M., Albert, J. S., Daniel-Silva, M. F. Z., Lopes, C. E., Crampton, W. G. R. & Almeida-Toledo, L. F. (2005) A new Gymnotus (Teleostei: Gymnotiformes: Gymnotidae) from the Pantanal Matogrossense of Brazil and adjacent drainages: continued documentation of a cryptic fauna. Zootaxa, 933 (1), 1 - 14. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 933.1.1" type="journal article">Almeida-Toledo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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<paragraph id="8BA33686DB53FFB6F886FC37FEA1798D" blockId="16.[151,1397,871,931]" box="[151,356,906,931]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
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<figureCitation id="13272A03DB53FFB6F886FC37FEC0798D" box="[151,261,906,931]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="17.[151,250,2007,2029]" captionText="FIGURE 13. Gymnotus pantanal, NRM 42397 (171 mm)." pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Figure 13</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB53FFB6F900FC37FEA1798D" box="[273,356,906,931]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for 128 specimens in six species of the G. carapo clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Table 1</tableCitation>
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F886FC6FFE4679C5" bold="true" box="[151,387,978,1003]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Material examined:</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F99BFC6EFDC779C4" box="[394,514,979,1002]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Argentina:</emphasis>
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MACN-ict 9655 (19),
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Corrientes, Río
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del
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Mato
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:
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(
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mm, same locality as
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MZUSP
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mm, same locality as
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NUP 4554 (5),
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||
, upper Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FBDCFBDEFBDC7E55" box="[973,1049,1123,1147]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainage, marginal lagoons of Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6F886FB3AFF267EB1" box="[151,227,1159,1183]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F8E4FB3BFEB97EB1" box="[245,380,1158,1183]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-24.0925">24°05’33”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F99AFB3BFDE97EB1" box="[395,556,1158,1183]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-54.254723">054°15’17”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); NUP 6044 (2),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FAE6FB3BFC557EB0" box="[759,912,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.78" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="1.52" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="178.0" valueMax="204.0" valueMin="152.0">152–204 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FB8FFB3BFB827EB1" box="[926,1095,1158,1183]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Água Queçaba</collectorName>
|
||
stream; NUP
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FCFFFB3AFA5D7EB0" box="[1262,1432,1158,1183]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.934151999999999" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="7934152.0">7934, 152 mm</quantity>
|
||
, upper Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6F91CFB16FE9C7EED" box="[269,345,1195,1219]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainage,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BC7ACFCDB53FFB6F9DEFB17FD947EED" box="[463,593,1194,1219]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Rio Paracaí</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FA70FB16FD2D7EED" box="[609,744,1195,1219]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-23.658333">23°39’30”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FAE5FB17FC537EED" box="[756,918,1194,1219]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-53.919445">053°55’10”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); NUP 9290 (17),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FC74FB17FB397EEC" box="[1125,1276,1194,1219]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.9949999999999999" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="1.39" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="199.5" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="139.0">139–260 mm</quantity>
|
||
, same locality as NUP 9311; NUP 9311 (5),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FA0AFB73FD7F7EC8" box="[539,698,1230,1255]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.89" metricValueMax="2.1" metricValueMin="1.68" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="189.0" valueMax="210.0" valueMin="168.0">168–210 mm</quantity>
|
||
, upper Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FB46FB72FC667EC9" box="[855,931,1231,1255]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainage, Rio Marreco, Jacutinga stream (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F88EFB4FFEE27F25" box="[159,295,1266,1291]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-24.715557">24°42’56”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F925FB4FFE107F25" box="[308,469,1266,1291]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-53.7725">053°46’21”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
); NUP 9312 (11),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FAB8FB4EFC847F24" box="[681,833,1267,1291]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.805" metricValueMax="2.48" metricValueMin="1.13" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="180.5" valueMax="248.0" valueMin="113.0">113–248 mm</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC3605DDB53FFB6FB5FFB4EFBD67F25" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB53FFB7F886FCDAFDA57C03:8EC3605DDB53FFB6FB5FFB4EFBD67F25" box="[846,1043,1266,1291]" latitude="-24.734722" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-53.71528" municipality="Rio Paracai" name="upper Rio Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Parana">
|
||
upper Rio
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FBD6FB4EFBD67F25" box="[967,1043,1267,1291]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraná</collectingRegion>
|
||
</location>
|
||
drainage, Rio Toledo, Pinheirinho stream (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F8E0FAABFEBC7F01" box="[241,377,1302,1327]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-24.734722">24°44’05”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6F994FAABFDE37F01" box="[389,550,1302,1327]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-53.71528">053°42’55”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB53FFB6FA2BFAAAFCA17F7D" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563185" collectionCode="UFRGS" collectorName="Corumba & Aquidauna" country="Paraguay" latitude="-23.379723" location="Rio Miranda" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.501945" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="UFRGS 11910" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB53FFB6FA2BFAAAFD217F01" box="[570,740,1303,1327]" collectionCode="UFRGS" country="Brazil" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/3q02-t412" name="Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sul" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">UFRGS 11910</specimenCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FAFEFAABFC9F7F01" box="[751,858,1302,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Corumbá</collectorName>
|
||
, Rio
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB53FFB6FB84FAABFC327F01" box="[917,1015,1302,1327]" name="Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraguai</collectingCountry>
|
||
drainage,
|
||
<location id="8EC3605DDB53FFB6FC7CFAABFB397F01" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB53FFB7F886FCDAFDA57C03:8EC3605DDB53FFB6FC7CFAABFB397F01" box="[1133,1276,1302,1327]" country="Paraguay" latitude="-23.379723" longLatPrecision="21" longitude="-52.501945" name="Rio Miranda" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Rio Miranda</location>
|
||
or
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FD30FAABFA597F01" box="[1313,1436,1302,1327]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Aquidauna</collectorName>
|
||
<locationDeviation id="9A112FA4DB53FFB6F886FA87FDD27F7D" box="[151,535,1338,1363]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">between Corumbá and Aquidauna</locationDeviation>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FA36FA86FD6B7F7D" box="[551,686,1339,1363]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-23.379723">23°22’47”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FAABFA87FC997F7D" box="[698,860,1338,1363]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-52.501945">052°30’07”W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB53FFB6FB7EFA81FB2E7F7C" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563190" box="[879,1259,1339,1363]" collectionCode="NRM" country="Paraguay" location="Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="240" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraguay" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FB7EFA81FC227F7D" box="[879,999,1340,1363]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FB7EFA81FC247F7D" box="[879,993,1340,1363]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB53FFB6FB7EFA81FC247F7D" box="[879,993,1340,1363]" name="Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED0DAE43DB53FFB6FBFEFA86FBEA7F7C" box="[1007,1071,1339,1362]" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">NRM</collectionCode>
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FC27FA86FBBA7F7D" box="[1078,1151,1339,1363]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.283024" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="4.283024E7">42830</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB53FFB6FC9AFA86FB707F7D" box="[1163,1205,1339,1363]" collectionCode="NRM" country="Sweden" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4m0z-xq14" name="Swedish Museum of Natural History - Zoological Collections" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">240</specimenCode>
|
||
mm
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB53FFB6FCE7FA86FEB67FB4" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563193" collectionCode="UMMZ" collectorName="Rt. & West & J. E. Estringarriba" country="Paraguay" latitude="-25.377777" location="Rio Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" specimenCode="UMMZ 206080" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Caaguazu" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FCE7FA86FAA27F7D" box="[1270,1383,1339,1363]" country="Paraguay" name="Caaguazu" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Caaguazu</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="8EC3605DDB53FFB6FD65FA86FF267F59" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB53FFB7F886FCDAFDA57C03:8EC3605DDB53FFB6FD65FA86FF267F59" country="Paraguay" latitude="-25.377777" name="Rio Parana" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Caaguazu">Río Paraná</location>
|
||
drainage, arroyo crossing
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FA05FAE2FDF07F58" box="[532,565,1375,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Rt.</collectorName>
|
||
2
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FA45FAE2FD4E7F58" box="[596,651,1375,1398]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">West</collectorName>
|
||
of
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6FAA5FAE2FC447F59" box="[692,897,1374,1399]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">J. E. Estringarriba</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FB82FAE3FBDF7F59" box="[915,1050,1374,1399]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-25.377777">25°22’40”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 055°42’32’W”);
|
||
<specimenCode id="DBBA9EFDDB53FFB6FCF9FAE2FA597F59" box="[1256,1436,1374,1399]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">UMMZ 206080</specimenCode>
|
||
(21),
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6F8CEFA3FFEB67FB4" box="[223,371,1410,1435]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.71" metricValueMax="2.6" metricValueMin="0.82" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="171.0" valueMax="260.0" valueMin="82.0">82–260 mm</quantity>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B743CDBDB53FFB6F99AFA3EFE807F91" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="1806563186" collectorName="Paraguari" country="Paraguay" latitude="-26.966667" location="Arroyo in Parque Nacional Ybycui" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Paraguari" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectorName id="26E95350DB53FFB6F99AFA3EFE3C7FB5" box="[395,505,1411,1435]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6F99AFA3EFE3C7FB5" box="[395,505,1411,1435]" country="Paraguay" name="Paraguari" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraguarí</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectorName>
|
||
, Río
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49D8F864DB53FFB6FA5BFA3EFD777FB5" box="[586,690,1411,1435]" country="Paraguay" name="Asuncion" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F30B7616DB53FFB6FA5BFA3EFD777FB5" box="[586,690,1411,1435]" name="Paraguay" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Paraguay</collectingCountry>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
drainage,
|
||
<location id="8EC3605DDB53FFB6FB2EFA3EFB317FB5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03B58790DB53FFB7F886FCDAFDA57C03:8EC3605DDB53FFB6FB2EFA3EFB317FB5" box="[831,1268,1410,1435]" country="Paraguay" latitude="-26.966667" name="Arroyo in Parque Nacional Ybycui" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" stateProvince="Paraguari">Arroyo in Parque Nacional Ybycui</location>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE285041DB53FFB6FD01FA3FFA527FB5" box="[1296,1431,1410,1435]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" precision="15" value="-26.966667">26°58’00”S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 057°19’60”W).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB53FFB6F8D6FA77FCE67CF1" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB53FFB6F8D6FA77FCE67CF1" blockId="16.[151,1437,978,2011]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F8D6FA77FE847FCD" bold="true" box="[199,321,1482,1507]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6F95AFA76FDEC7FCD" authorityName="Fernandes, Albert, Daniel-Silva, Lopes, Crampton and de Almeida-Toledo" authorityYear="2005" box="[331,553,1482,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantanal">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F95AFA76FDEC7FCD" box="[331,553,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Gymnotus pantanal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from all sympatric members of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6FC0EFA76FB4A7FCD" authorityName="Linnaeus" authorityYear="1758" box="[1055,1167,1483,1507]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="carapo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FC0EFA76FB4A7FCD" box="[1055,1167,1483,1507]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">G. carapo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
clade on the following characters: 1, a short head (HL 7.4%–11.7%, mean 8.9% TL vs. 9.7%–14.1%, mean 11.7% TL); 2, a wide head (HW 62.2–76.8% HL, mean 69.8% HL vs. 46.2%–71.9% HL, mean 61.5% HL); 3, many precaudal vertebrae (PCV 37–38, mode 37 vs. 31–34, mode 32); 4, many pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR 45–50, median 47 vs. 23–47, median 37).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6FAEFF9E6FC1F7C5D" authorityName="Fernandes, Albert, Daniel-Silva, Lopes, Crampton and de Almeida-Toledo" authorityYear="2005" box="[766,986,1626,1651]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantanal">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6FAEFF9E6FC1F7C5D" box="[766,986,1626,1651]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Gymnotus pantanal</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1C4D05DB53FFB6FCF2F9E6FA9D7C5D" authorityName="Craig & Malabarba & Crampton & Albert" authorityYear="2018" box="[1251,1368,1627,1651]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Gymnotidae" genus="Gymnotus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Gymnotiformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="73" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Gymnotus</taxonomicName>
|
||
on its color pattern, characterized by 21–24, mode 22 dark bands, four times as wide as pale anteriorly and forming inverted
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F8ECF919FECC7C95" box="[253,265,1700,1723]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Y</emphasis>
|
||
-shapes posteriorly, with pale bands never extending above lateral line on anterior half of body, and anterior 80% of dorsum with very faint or absent banding.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C306650DDB53FFB7F8D6F957FDA57C03" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB53FFB7F8D6F957FA4A798B" blockId="16.[151,1437,978,2011]" lastBlockId="17.[151,1437,151,1581]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="64" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB53FFB6F8D6F957FE9E7D2D" bold="true" box="[199,347,1770,1795]" pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Description:</emphasis>
|
||
Morphometric and meristic data in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C69E033DDB53FFB6FB02F957FCA87D2D" box="[787,877,1770,1795]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="19.[151,239,584,607]" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometric data for 128 specimens in six species of the G. carapo clade. See Materials and Methods for morphometric abbreviations. Modes reported for all meristic characters except numbers of anal-fin rays (AFR), pored lateral-line scales anterior to the first ventral lateral-line ramus (PLR), total pored lateral-line scales (PLL) and ventral lateral-line rami (VLR), all of which are reported as medians." pageId="16" pageNumber="63">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Sexually monomorphic, including in breeding condition. Total length to
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6F9ACF8B3FDDB7D08" box="[445,542,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.51" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="251.0">251 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Morphological maturity at roughly
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB53FFB6FBADF8B2FBD97D08" box="[956,1052,1807,1831]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="16" pageNumber="63" unit="mm" value="110.0">110 mm</quantity>
|
||
. Scales rounded to slightly ovoid, present on entire postcranial portion of body. Gape large in mature specimens, to or beyond posterior nares. Mouth superior with lower jaw longer than upper, rictus decurved. Chin fleshy and protuberant with fleshy pad of electrosensitive organs overlying tip of snout and oral jaws. Anterior narial pore partially to entirely included within gape in narial fold. Anterior nares large, subequal to eye diameter. Circumorbital series ovoid. Ethmoid region broad between anterior nares, with rounded anterior margin. Eye position lateral, lower margin of eye dorsal or horizontal to rictus. Premaxilla with 13–16 (mode 15) teeth disposed in two rows along outer margin, arrowhead shaped anteriorly, conical posteriorly. Curved median margin of premaxilla. Maxilla-palatine articulation near anterior tip of endopterygoid. Maxilla vertical, rod-shaped, narrow distally with a straight ventral margin, length equal to roughly width of 4–6 dentary teeth. Dentary with one row of 26–28 (mode 28) teeth, 7 arrow-head shaped anteriorly, all others conical posteriorly. Posterodorsal and posteroventral dentary processes abut at midlength. Dentary posteroventral process shorter than posterodorsal, narrow distally. Dentary ventral margin lamella narrow, depth less than posterior process. Opercle dorsal margin straight to slightly convex. Dorsal opercular process lamellar or rugose, crest absent or small, posterior margin entirely smooth, without spines or processes. Preopercle with anteroventral notch, posterodorsal laterosensory ramus with two superficial pores, margin of medial shelf entire, median shelf large, more than one-half width of symplectic. Metapterygoid superior and inferior portions approximately equal in size, ascending process robust, long, base equal in length, curved, tip simple. Interopercle dorsal margin ascending process broad. Subopercle dorsal margin concave. Retroarticular with an arched lamella posteriorly forming a small canal, posterior margin square. Anguloarticular process long, extending beyond ventral margin of dentary. Mandible long, extended, length greater than twice depth. Trigeminal nerve canals connected within the hyomandibula. Posterior lateral line fenestra contacting posterodorsal margin of hyomandibula. Cranial fontanels closed in juveniles and adults. Frontal shape broad, width at fourth infraorbital greater than that of parietal, anterior margin of straight, continuous with margins of adjacent roofing bones, postorbital process broad, more than two times width of supraorbital canal. Lateral ethmoid absent. Parietal rectangular, length less than width. Parasphenoid anteroventral portion reduced, extending dorsal to lateral margin of parasphenoid, posterior processes narrow. Prootic foraminae combined for cranial nerves Vp and
|
||
<date id="FFA21046DB52FFB7FBC8FCF9FBDD7972" box="[985,1048,836,860]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">V2–3</date>
|
||
+VII. Adductor mandibula muscle undivided at insertion, intermuscular bones absent. All basibranchials unossified. Gill rakers not contacting gill bar. Pectoral with 14–18 (mode 15) rays, medial radial large. Mesocoracoid broad, length more than four times width.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB52FFB7F8D6FC12FEBE7EEB" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Cleithrum narrow, ventral margin curved, anterior limb long, more than 1.8 times ascending limb, deeply incised on its anteroventral margin, without large facet for insertion of muscle from supracleithrum. Postcleithrum thin, discoid or sickle shaped. Body cavity of moderate length, with 37–38 (mode 37) precaudal vertebrae. Rib five robust along its entire extent, less than three times width of rib six. Hemal spines present. Displaced hemal spines absent. Length anal-fin pterygiophores equal to or longer than hemal spines. Anal fin with 131–280 (median 184) rays. Lateral line ventral rami 19–23 (median 20). Caudal appendage short, less one-half length of pectoral fin. Single hypaxial electric organ along entire ventral margin of body. Three rows of electroplates near caudal insertion of anal fin.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BA33686DB52FFB7F8D6FB72FDA57C03" blockId="17.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB52FFB7F8D6FB72FE5F7EC6" bold="true" box="[199,410,1231,1256]" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Color in Alcohol:</emphasis>
|
||
Bands irregular in shape, width and color, on specimens and among individuals. Ground color dark, chocolate brown. Anterior 80% of dorsum with very faint or absent banding in specimens of all sizes. Juveniles (TL <
|
||
<quantity id="4CE49B63DB52FFB7F943FAAAFE777F1E" box="[338,434,1303,1328]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="17" pageNumber="64" unit="mm" value="150.0">150 mm</quantity>
|
||
) and most adults with obliquely-oriented, thin cream-colored bands with wavy, irregular margins ventrolaterally located between tail tip and pectoral-fin base (21–24 mode 22). Dark bands chocolatebrown in color, four times as wide as pale anteriorly and forming inverted
|
||
<emphasis id="B968EA94DB52FFB7FC34FADCFBF47F56" box="[1061,1073,1377,1400]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="64">Y</emphasis>
|
||
-shapes posteriorly. Pale bands infrequently branched, and never extend above lateral line on anterior half of body. Interband contrast greatest in juveniles and ventrally to caudally in adults. Head never banded, spotted, or blotched, dark grey dorsally grading to lighter grey ventrally. Numerous chromophores speckled over branchiostegal membranes and ventral surface of head. Pectoral-fin rays brown, interradial membranes hyaline. Anterior 80% of anal fin membrane dark brown, gray or black, posterior 20% translucent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |