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<mods:title id="5772D1DBCFABFD9B1DC141D649E1A42A">New species of Australian arid zone chelonine wasps from the genera Phanerotoma and Ascogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) informed by the Bush Blitz surveys of national reserves</mods:title>
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<heading id="D0DAA54BD53A6C69178FFF26FCA0ACFA" box="[455,860,210,235]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53A6C691452FF26FCA0ACFA" ID-CoL="33QJ" ID-ENA="51527" authority="Wesmael, 1835" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1835" box="[538,860,210,235]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C691452FF26FD5CACFA" bold="true" box="[538,672,210,235]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Ascogaster</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C6914E1FF26FCA0ACFA" author="Wesmael C" box="[681,860,210,235]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref32125" refString="Wesmael C. 1835. Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Nouveaux mem de l ' Academie, Bruxelles. 9: 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1835">Wesmael, 1835</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33741ACD53A6C691468FF00FE43AD87" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C691468FF00FCFFAD1C" blockId="10.[455,860,210,269]" box="[544,771,244,269]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<heading id="D0DAA54BD53A6C691468FF00FCFFAD1C" box="[544,771,244,269]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" reason="2">
(
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53A6C691460FF00FD69AD1C" box="[552,661,244,269]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="6.[161,226,1693,1716]" captionTargetBox="[204,1154,890,1653]" captionTargetId="graphics@6.[31,770,905,1647]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 2. Tree resulting from the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the COI data for the genus Ascogaster. Numbers on branches show posterior probabilities. Abbreviations: (a) PTP analysis; (b) GMYC (single); (c) GMYC (multi); (d) morphology." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983283" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983283/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Figures 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53A6C6914ECFF00FD33AD1C" box="[676,719,244,269]" captionStart-0="Figure 4" captionStart-1="Figure 5" captionStart-2="Figure 6" captionStart-3="Figure 7" captionStartId-0="10.[160,225,1640,1663]" captionStartId-1="11.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionStartId-2="12.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionStartId-3="13.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox-0="[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetBox-1="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetBox-2="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetBox-3="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId-0="figure@10.[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetId-1="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId-2="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId-3="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId-0="10" captionTargetPageId-1="11" captionTargetPageId-2="12" captionTargetPageId-3="13" captionText-0="Figure 4. Ascogaster brevivena sp. nov.:(a) habitus, lateral,holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (d) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 0.5 mm." captionText-1="Figure 5. Ascogaster ferruginegaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) mesosoma dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." captionText-2="Figure 6. Ascogaster prolixogaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm, metasomal teeth arrowed; (d) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 1 mm." captionText-3="Figure 7. Ascogaster rubriscapa sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) head, anterior view, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983289" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983293" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983295" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983297" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/3983289/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/3983293/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/3983295/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/3983297/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
4
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C6914FBFF00FD3DAD1C" box="[691,705,244,269]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221"></emphasis>
7
</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53A6C691496FF00FD07AD1C" box="[734,763,244,269]" captionStart="Figure 15" captionStartId="27.[160,225,1013,1036]" captionTargetBox="[164,1151,144,981]" captionTargetId="figure@27.[163,1153,142,982]" captionTargetPageId="27" captionText="Figure 15. Distribution map: Ascogaster brevivena sp. nov., grey circle; Ascogaster ferruginegaster sp. nov., black triangle; Ascogaster prolixogaster sp. nov., grey triangle; Ascogaster rubriscapa sp. nov., black square." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983315" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983315/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">15</figureCitation>
)
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C6916E8FEDCFDC6AD51" blockId="10.[160,570,296,320]" box="[160,570,296,320]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
http://species-id.net/wiki/
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53A6C6917FDFEDCFDC6AD51" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityYear="1835" box="[437,570,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="261" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Ascogaster</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C6916E8FEA8FE43AD87" blockId="10.[160,1156,348,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<typeStatus id="5496AC85D53A6C6916E8FEA8FF25AD65" box="[160,217,348,372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Type</typeStatus>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53A6C6916ABFEA8FD5EAD65" authority="Wesmael, 1835: 227" authorityName="Wesmael" authorityPageNumber="227" authorityYear="1835" box="[227,674,348,372]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="instabilis">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C6916ABFEA8FE41AD65" box="[227,445,348,372]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Ascogaster instabilis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C69178CFEA8FD5EAD65" author="Wesmael C" box="[452,674,348,372]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref32125" refString="Wesmael C. 1835. Monographie des Braconides de Belgique. Nouveaux mem de l ' Academie, Bruxelles. 9: 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1835">Wesmael, 1835: 227</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(by subsequent designation:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C6915A5FEA8FF11AD87" author="Forster A" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="225 - 288" refId="ref30932" refString="Forster A. 1862. Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconiden. Verh d Nat V d Preus Rhein u Westf. 19: 225 - 288." type="journal article" year="1862">Förster, 1862: 244</bibRefCitation>
), IRSN (examined).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33741ACD53A6C6916E8FE55FCA9ADEF" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C6916E8FE55FEC8ADCD" blockId="10.[160,1156,348,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB3D3509D53A6C6916E8FE55FEC8ADCD" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C3436D53A6C6916E8FE55FDF6ADA8" author="Shenefelt RD" box="[160,522,417,441]" page="814" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" year="1973">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53A6C6916E8FE55FDF6ADA8" ID-CoL="33QJ" authority=": Shenefelt 1973: 814" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityPageNumber="814" authorityYear="1973" box="[160,522,417,441]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C6916E8FE55FEE9ADA8" box="[160,277,417,441]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Ascogaster</emphasis>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C69176CFE55FDF6ADA8" author="Shenefelt RD" box="[292,522,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" refId="ref31795" refString="Shenefelt RD, editor. 1973. Braconidae 6 Cheloninae. Gravenhage, Netherlands: W. Junk." type="book" year="1973">Shenefelt 1973: 814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C3436D53A6C69145EFE55FD4EADA8" author="Shaw SR" box="[534,690,417,441]" page="7" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" year="1983">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C69145EFE55FD4EADA8" author="Shaw SR" box="[534,690,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref31706" refString="Shaw SR. 1983. A taxonomic study of Nearctic Ascogaster and a description of a new genus Leptodrepana (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomography. 2: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1983">Shaw 1983: 7</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
,
<treatmentCitation id="0A8C3436D53A6C6914F7FE55FC41ADA8" author="Huddleston T" box="[703,957,417,441]" page="348" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53A6C6914F7FE55FC41ADA8" author="Huddleston T" box="[703,957,417,441]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" pagination="341 - 392" refId="ref31035" refString="Huddleston T. 1984. The palaearctic species of Ascogaster (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Bull Br Mus Nat Hist (Ent). 49: 341 - 392." type="journal article" year="1984">Huddleston 1984: 348</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
, Tang and Marsh 1994: 281.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C6916E8FE12FCA9ADEF" blockId="10.[160,1156,348,510]" box="[160,853,486,510]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">For diagnosis of Australian taxa, see Kittel and Austin (2014).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
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<paragraph id="8B921227D53A6C6916E8F99CFC05AAAB" blockId="10.[160,1155,1640,1722]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C6916E8F99CFF06AA6E" bold="true" box="[160,250,1640,1663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Figure 4.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53A6C69174BF99CFE3EAA6E" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[259,450,1640,1663]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevivena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53A6C69174BF99CFE3EAA6E" box="[259,450,1640,1663]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="221">Ascogaster brevivena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53A6C69178FF99CFDEEAA6E" box="[455,530,1640,1663]" pageId="10" pageNumber="221" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (d) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 0.5 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF5242AFD53B6C6816E8FB7FFBCBA8CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983293" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983293/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" startId="11.[160,225,1163,1186]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53B6C6816E8FB7FFBCBA8CC" blockId="11.[160,1156,1162,1245]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6816E8FB7FFF01A8B3" bold="true" box="[160,253,1163,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Figure 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C68174EFB7EFDFAA8B0" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[262,518,1162,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginegaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C68174EFB7EFDFAA8B0" box="[262,518,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster ferruginegaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53B6C681458FB7FFD9FA8B3" box="[528,611,1163,1186]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) mesosoma dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33741ACD53B6C6816E8FAE5FB78AAB6" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53B6C6816E8FAE5FEDBA93B" blockId="11.[160,1156,1297,1703]" box="[160,295,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6816E8FAE5FEDBA93B" bold="true" box="[160,295,1297,1322]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Comments</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53B6C6816E8FAC1FB78AAB6" blockId="11.[160,1156,1297,1703]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C6816E8FAC1FECCA95C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1983" box="[160,304,1333,1357]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leptodrepana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6816E8FAC1FECCA95C" box="[160,304,1333,1357]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Leptodrepana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described by
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C681783FAC1FDB3A95C" author="Shaw SR" box="[459,591,1333,1357]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 54" refId="ref31706" refString="Shaw SR. 1983. A taxonomic study of Nearctic Ascogaster and a description of a new genus Leptodrepana (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Entomography. 2: 1 - 54." type="journal article" year="1983">Shaw (1983)</bibRefCitation>
from the New World, is accepted as a valid genus by some authors (e.g.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C681738FAA3FE1BA97E" author="Shaw SR" box="[368,487,1367,1391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="192 - 201" refId="ref31739" refString="Shaw SR. 1997. Subfamily Cheloninae. In: Wharton RA, Marsh PM, Sharkey MJ, editors. Identification manual of the New World Genera of the family Braconidae Hymenoptera. Vol. 1. Washington (DC): International Society of Hymenopterists Special Publication; p. 192 - 201." type="book chapter" year="1997">Shaw 1997</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C6817BBFAA3FD36A97E" author="Brajkovic M &amp; Nikolic Z &amp; Curcic SB &amp; Zivic I &amp; Stojanovic D" box="[499,714,1367,1391]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="469 - 477" refId="ref30530" refString="Brajkovic M, Nikolic Z, Curcic SB, Zivic I, Stojanovic D. 2010. Morphological changes of the ovipositor in species of Cheloninae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in the course of adaptation to egg-larval parasitism. Arch Biol Sci. 62: 469 - 477. doi: 10.2298 / abs 1002469 b" type="journal article" year="2010">Brajkovic et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
), while others have treated it as a junior synonym of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C68176BFA8EFE6FA983" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[291,403,1402,1426]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C68176BFA8EFE6FA983" box="[291,403,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C6817D7FA8EFD83A983" author="van Achterberg C" box="[415,639,1402,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref32037" refString="van Achterberg C. 1990. Revision of the western palaeartic Phanerotomini (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Zool Verhandel Leiden. 255: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="1990">van Achterberg 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C6814C3FA8EFCE5A983" author="Yu DS &amp; van Achterberg C &amp; Horstmann K" box="[651,793,1402,1426]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="2005" refId="ref32177" refString="Yu DS, van Achterberg C, Horstmann K. 2005. World Ichneumonoidea 2004. Taxonomy, Biology, Morphology and Distribution (Braconidae). In: Taxapad 2005 (Scientific Names for Information Management) Interactive Catalogue on DVD / CDROM Vancouver." type="book chapter" year="2005">Yu et al. 2005</bibRefCitation>
). Tang and Marsh (1994) followed van Achterberg
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C68170FFA68FEB0A9A5" box="[327,332,1436,1460]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222"></emphasis>
s synonymy and treated the new species from
<collectingCountry id="F33A52B7D53B6C681503FA69FC75A9A4" box="[843,905,1437,1461]" name="China" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">China</collectingCountry>
as
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C6815E7FA69FBE3A9A4" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[943,1055,1437,1461]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6815E7FA69FBE3A9A4" box="[943,1055,1437,1461]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but also suggested that a comprehensive revision of the group was needed as some species showed characters intermediate between
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C68145BFA16FD7FA9EB" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[531,643,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C68145BFA16FD7FA9EB" box="[531,643,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C6814F7FA16FCB3A9EB" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1983" box="[703,847,1506,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leptodrepana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6814F7FA16FCB3A9EB" box="[703,847,1506,1530]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Leptodrepana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EFBC6FD6D53B6C681516FA16FC1AA9EB" author="Shaw SR" box="[862,998,1506,1530]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" pagination="192 - 201" refId="ref31739" refString="Shaw SR. 1997. Subfamily Cheloninae. In: Wharton RA, Marsh PM, Sharkey MJ, editors. Identification manual of the New World Genera of the family Braconidae Hymenoptera. Vol. 1. Washington (DC): International Society of Hymenopterists Special Publication; p. 192 - 201." type="book chapter" year="1997">Shaw (1997)</bibRefCitation>
discussed the difficult status of
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C681716F9F1FE12AA0C" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1983" box="[350,494,1541,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leptodrepana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C681716F9F1FE12AA0C" box="[350,494,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Leptodrepana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, arguing for a separate genus since
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C681535F9F1FC11AA0C" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[893,1005,1541,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C681535F9F1FC11AA0C" box="[893,1005,1541,1565]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
would otherwise be paraphyletic. However, no comprehensive analysis has yet been undertaken using a combined morphological and multigene approach to resolve this question. Here we treat all relevant species as
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C681730F999FE14AA94" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[376,488,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C681730F999FE14AA94" box="[376,488,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but point out that
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C681485F999FCB3AA94" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[717,847,1645,1669]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevivena" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C681485F999FCB3AA94" box="[717,847,1645,1669]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">A. brevivena</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53B6C681511F999FC4CAA94" box="[857,944,1645,1669]" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
exhibits characters intermediate between these two genera, such as having equilateral ocelli as in
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53B6C6815A5F97BFB81AAB6" authorityName="Shaw" authorityYear="1983" box="[1005,1149,1679,1703]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Leptodrepana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="11" pageNumber="222" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53B6C6815A5F97BFB81AAB6" box="[1005,1149,1679,1703]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="222">Leptodrepana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF5242AFD53C6C6F16E8FB7FFCCDA8CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983295" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983295/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" startId="12.[160,225,1163,1186]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F16E8FB7FFCCDA8CC" blockId="12.[160,1156,1162,1245]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F16E8FB7FFF06A8B3" bold="true" box="[160,250,1163,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53C6C6F174BFB7EFE10A8B0" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[259,492,1162,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolixogaster" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F174BFB7EFE10A8B0" box="[259,492,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Ascogaster prolixogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53C6C6F17BBFB7FFDBFA8B3" box="[499,579,1163,1186]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm, metasomal teeth arrowed; (d) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="C33741ACD53C6C6E16E8FAE3FB78A986" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F16E8FAE3FD14A93E" blockId="12.[160,744,1303,1327]" box="[160,744,1303,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F16E8FAE3FD14A93E" bold="true" box="[160,744,1303,1327]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
Key to
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53C6C6F16BFFAE3FE8AA93E" ID-CoL="33QJ" authorityName=": Shenefelt" authorityYear="1973" box="[247,374,1303,1327]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F16BFFAE3FE8AA93E" bold="true" box="[247,374,1303,1327]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Ascogaster</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Australian arid zone
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
<key id="FFBC4516D53C6C6E1683FABFFB78A986" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="224" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<keyStep id="30D90A82D53C6C6F1683FABFFB7FA9FF" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F1683FABFFB78A9B9" blockId="12.[203,1156,1355,1518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53C6C6F1683FABFFB78A9B9" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
1. SR-1 not completely sclerotised, not extending to the margin of fore wing (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F174CFA9AFE93A997" box="[260,367,1390,1414]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1640,1663]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ascogaster brevivena sp. nov.:(a) habitus, lateral,holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (d) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983289/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 4e</figureCitation>
); female with 22 antennomeres; ocelli equilateral (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F15FBFA9AFBE0A997" box="[947,1052,1390,1414]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1640,1663]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ascogaster brevivena sp. nov.:(a) habitus, lateral,holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (d) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983289/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 4c</figureCitation>
)................. .................................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53C6C6F1569FA64FBE1A9B9" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[801,1053,1424,1448]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevivena" status="sp. nov.">Ascogaster brevivena</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53C6C6F126DFA64FB78A9B9" box="[1061,1156,1424,1448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F126DFA64FB82A9B9" bold="true" box="[1061,1150,1424,1448]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F1698FA47FB7FA9FF" blockId="12.[203,1156,1355,1518]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53C6C6F1698FA47FB7FA9FF" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
- SR-1 completely sclerotised, extending to the margin of fore wing (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F1242FA47FB8AA9DA" box="[1034,1142,1459,1483]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ascogaster ferruginegaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) mesosoma dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983293/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 5e</figureCitation>
); female with 19 antennomeres; ocelli isosceles (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F155CFA22FC81A9FF" box="[788,893,1494,1518]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ascogaster ferruginegaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) mesosoma dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983293/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 5c</figureCitation>
) ......................................... 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30D90A82D53C6C6F1683F9FBFB7FAA9E" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F1683F9FBFB78AA5B" blockId="12.[203,1156,1551,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53C6C6F1683F9FBFB78AA5B" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
2. Carapace elongate with extended tip, teeth on posterior end present (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F125EF9FBFB81AA36" box="[1046,1149,1551,1575]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="12.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 6. Ascogaster prolixogaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm, metasomal teeth arrowed; (d) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983295" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983295/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 6c</figureCitation>
, arrowed)................................... ...................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53C6C6F14B1F9C6FBE0AA5B" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[761,1052,1586,1610]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="prolixogaster" status="sp. nov.">Ascogaster prolixogaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53C6C6F126DF9C6FB78AA5B" box="[1061,1156,1586,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53C6C6F126DF9C6FB82AA5B" bold="true" box="[1061,1150,1586,1610]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53C6C6F1698F9A0FB7FAA9E" blockId="12.[203,1156,1551,1679]" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53C6C6F1698F9A0FB7FAA9E" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">
- Carapace oval, but not elongated, posterior end rounded without teeth (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53C6C6F174AF983FE90AA9E" box="[258,364,1655,1679]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="10.[160,225,1640,1663]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[163,1153,619,1609]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Figure 4. Ascogaster brevivena sp. nov.:(a) habitus, lateral,holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma and metasoma, dorsal view, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (d) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, paratype, scale line = 0.5 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983289" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983289/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="223">Figure 4a</figureCitation>
)......................................................................................................................................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<caption id="DF5242AFD53D6C6E16E8FB7FFB83A8CC" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983297" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3983297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" startId="13.[160,225,1163,1186]" targetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" targetPageId="13">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53D6C6E16E8FB7FFB83A8CC" blockId="13.[160,1156,1162,1245]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53D6C6E16E8FB7FFEFCA8B3" bold="true" box="[160,256,1163,1186]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Figure 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53D6C6E1741FB7EFE1DA8B0" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[265,481,1162,1185]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubriscapa" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53D6C6E1741FB7EFE1DA8B0" box="[265,481,1162,1185]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Ascogaster rubriscapa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53D6C6E17A6FB7FFDBFA8B3" box="[494,579,1163,1186]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) head, anterior view, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<keyStep id="30D90A82D53D6C6E1683FAE3FB78A986" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<paragraph id="8B921227D53D6C6E1683FAE3FB78A943" blockId="13.[203,1156,1303,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53D6C6E1683FAE3FB78A943" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
3. Carapace and legs orange (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53D6C6E147EFAE3FD63A93E" box="[566,671,1303,1327]" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="11.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 5. Ascogaster ferruginegaster sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) head, anterior, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (c) head, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) mesosoma dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983293" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983293/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Figure 5a</figureCitation>
); notauli absent...................................................... .....................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53D6C6E14A8FACEFBE0A943" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[736,1052,1338,1362]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ferruginegaster" status="sp. nov.">Ascogaster ferruginegaster</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53D6C6E126DFACEFB78A943" box="[1061,1156,1338,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53D6C6E126DFACEFB82A943" bold="true" box="[1061,1150,1338,1362]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B921227D53D6C6E1698FAA8FB78A986" blockId="13.[203,1156,1303,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
<keyLead id="30DCB112D53D6C6E1698FAA8FB78A986" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">
- Carapace black (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53D6C6E1788FAA8FDD2A965" box="[448,558,1372,1396]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ascogaster rubriscapa sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) head, anterior view, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Figure 7a</figureCitation>
), legs brown with black coxa (
<figureCitation id="13160EA2D53D6C6E15E3FAA8FBE6A965" box="[939,1050,1372,1396]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="13.[160,225,1163,1186]" captionTargetBox="[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[163,1153,142,1132]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 7. Ascogaster rubriscapa sp. nov.: (a) habitus, lateral, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (b) mesosoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (c) metasoma, dorsal, holotype, scale line = 1 mm; (d) head, anterior view, holotype, scale line = 0.5 mm; (e) fore wing, holotype, scale line = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3983297" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3983297/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">Figure 7a</figureCitation>
); notauli present................................................................................
<taxonomicName id="4C2D69A4D53D6C6E1550FA8BFBE1A986" authority="Kittel &amp; Austin, 2015" authorityName="Kittel &amp; Austin" authorityYear="2015" box="[792,1053,1407,1431]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" genus="Ascogaster" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rubriscapa" status="sp. nov.">Ascogaster rubriscapa</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26A734ED53D6C6E126DFA8BFB78A986" box="[1061,1156,1407,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224" rank="species">
<emphasis id="B959CE35D53D6C6E126DFA8BFB82A986" bold="true" box="[1061,1150,1407,1431]" pageId="13" pageNumber="224">sp. nov</emphasis>
.
</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>