303 lines
37 KiB
XML
303 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="9B40E19C0D72822C7286CCE2B5468CF2" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210944" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7a9a0c8-28b1-4f3b-8555-c12fd8d57adc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210944" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460557246666" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da, Gamba, Gustavo Antunes & Zanata, Thais Bastos" docDate="2012" docId="8C4987E90F12163804C857839228B53F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03565p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3565" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aplidium lobatum Savigny 1816" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="25" masterDocId="7070FF910F17163F045F5365915BB010" masterDocTitle="Aplidium (Ascidiacea, Polyclinidae) in central coast, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="23" updateTime="1698319480374" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="B042433BC4D27D86FFE520989CB98255" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2944755BA93358184F8C84B54EE2DBDD">
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<mods:title id="0F160F12C1BDB38E532195BFDD49F112">Aplidium (Ascidiacea, Polyclinidae) in central coast, Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="F55FDD5CD6737CB371BFBBDE623BD265" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4D3217A11EA96A4A552D8FFD344C7C89">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="335FE54A76E8EEF005C18D61DFDCBBE6">Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="49CC5C3126BEEC40870E442000319B84">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="90E18E49280DA4F6B4E12ABC5E4DE02A">Gamba, Gustavo Antunes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A356B1C2AF3C19253896FF460965A150" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="3BB94C4F14332830D7146F3F5DDF9480">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DA81FB7829083D37B07185F5F2F2A7A8">Zanata, Thais Bastos</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="90E2BF97EF92F1F5544B48627B6A63A9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="1BC0B9BA588CEBB8EAD2569C04D65273">
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<mods:title id="31F8220CE70AF2167B2981E8458C0054">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="A537157B37523E5F9D64275417D73845">
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<mods:date id="5942A93CCCE928AA58D72A79B062B78A">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FD664240353AB2C069C521471292069B" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="DFA51ED1D504B5DFE5FE1B1414535198">3565</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="09EFEC9C9CB3AF49EDC147AC85CBD943" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210944</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="E3E504747EEBD2B0292C2D102BEBDF01" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8C4987E90F12163804C857839228B53F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167432" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555993" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167432" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4987E90F12163804C857839228B53F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4987E90F12163804C857839228B53F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<subSubSection id="4CFA65740F12163A04C857839033B531" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04C85783937EB510" blockId="5.[151,549,1254,1313]" box="[151,549,1254,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<heading id="5F1781930F12163A04C85783937EB510" bold="true" box="[151,549,1254,1280]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A04C85783937EB510" authority="Savigny, 1816" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[151,549,1254,1280]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A04C85783937EB510" bold="true" box="[151,549,1254,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A04C85783902AB510" bold="true" box="[151,369,1254,1280]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium lobatum</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A05265783937EB510" author="Savigny" box="[377,549,1254,1280]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Recherches anatomiques sur les ascidies composees et sur les ascidies simples-Systeme de la classe des Ascidies. In: Memoires sur les Animaux sans Vertebres. Partie 2, Deterville Libraire, Paris, pp. 1 - 239." type="book chapter" year="1816">Savigny, 1816</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04C8566C9033B531" blockId="5.[151,549,1254,1313]" box="[151,360,1289,1313]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A04C1566C905BB531" box="[158,256,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplidium lobatum. A, zooid with female gonad. B, zooid with male gonad. C, larva. Scales: A, B: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210948/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Figure 4</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A0553566C9041B531" box="[268,282,1289,1313]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1493]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, Aplidium antillense at shipwreck Reliance, Salvador, Bahia. B, Aplidium elongatum below two colonies of Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895), Island Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. C, Aplidium elongatum in cross section. D, Aplidium lobatum at Praia da Barra, Salvador, Bahia. E, F, Aplidium selenium at Quebramar norte, Salvador, Bahia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210950/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">6</figureCitation>
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D, 7A)
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4CFA65740F12163A04C8562F93A9B5CB" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04C8562F9020B5AC" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F011D10F12163A04C8562F9020B5AC" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A04C8562F9345B570" authority="Sluiter, 1905a: 17" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityPageNumber="17" authorityYear="1905" box="[151,542,1354,1376]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="africanum">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A04C8562F9039B570" box="[151,354,1354,1376]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium africanum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A0537562F9345B570" author="Sluiter" box="[360,542,1354,1376]" page="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1905">
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A0537562F90A2B570" author="Sluiter" box="[360,505,1354,1376]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1905) Tuniciers recueillis en 1904 par M. Ch. Gravier dans la Golfe de Tadjourah (Somalie Francaise). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 18, 1 - 20." type="journal article" year="1905" yearSuffix="a">Sluiter, 1905a</bibRefCitation>
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: 17
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, pr. 2, fig. 9,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A06FB562F93A0B570" box="[676,763,1354,1376]" name="Djibouti" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Djibouti</collectingCountry>
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, Gulf of Tadjourah (Red Sea).
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A04C8560C9365B56F" authority="Van Name, 1921: 303" authorityName="Van Name" authorityPageNumber="303" authorityYear="1921" box="[151,574,1385,1407]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A04C8560C9014B56F" box="[151,335,1385,1407]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium lobatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A0507560F9365B56F" author="Van" box="[344,574,1386,1407]" page="303" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1921">
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A0507560F9351B56F" author="Van" box="[344,522,1386,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article" year="1921">Van Name, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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: 303
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 3,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A06CD560F9256B56F" box="[658,781,1385,1407]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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and West Indies;
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A0794560F95EAB56F" author="Van" box="[971,1201,1385,1407]" page="425" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1930">
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A0794560F9526B56F" author="Van" box="[971,1149,1386,1407]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1930) The ascidians of Porto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Scientific Survey Porto Rico and Virgin Islands. New York Academy of Science, 10, 401 - 512." type="journal article" year="1930">Van Name, 1930</bibRefCitation>
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: 425
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 4, the Caribbean; Plough & Jones, 1937: 100, Florida;
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A066356EC9255B58D" author="Van" box="[572,782,1416,1438]" page="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1945">
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A066356EC93B2B58E" author="Van" box="[572,745,1416,1438]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name, 1945</bibRefCitation>
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: 28
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</treatmentCitation>
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, fig. 3, the Antilles and
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A005D56EC9526B58E" box="[1026,1149,1416,1438]" name="Puerto Rico" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Puerto Rico</collectingCountry>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A00D856ED91B4B5AC" author="Monniot" page="571" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1984">
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<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A00D856ED94C3B58D" author="Monniot" box="[1159,1432,1416,1438]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1984) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VII. Especes nouvelles et complementaires a l'inventaire. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, ser. 4 A, 6 (3), 567 - 582." type="journal article" year="1984">Monniot & Monniot, 1984</bibRefCitation>
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: 571
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</treatmentCitation>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A04A656C3902CB5AC" box="[249,375,1446,1468]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04C856A093A9B5CB" blockId="5.[151,1437,1354,1499]" box="[151,754,1477,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="24F011D10F12163A04C856A093A9B5CB" box="[151,754,1477,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A04C856A09308B5CB" authority="Millar, 1977: 91" authorityName="Millar" authorityPageNumber="91" authorityYear="1977" box="[151,595,1477,1499]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quinquesulcatum">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A04C856A090FCB5CB" box="[151,423,1477,1499]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium quinquesulcatum</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="854110EE0F12163A05F256A09308B5CB" author="Millar" box="[429,595,1477,1499]" page="91" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" year="1977">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A05F256A09374B5CB" author="Millar" box="[429,559,1477,1499]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Millar, R. H. (1977) Ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and north-eastern Brazilian shelf. Journal of Natural History, 11 (2), 169 - 223." type="journal article" year="1977">Millar, 1977</bibRefCitation>
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: 91
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, fig. 17,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A06F256A093B5B5CB" box="[685,750,1477,1499]" name="Brazil" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="4CFA65740F12163804C855649228B53F" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04C8556493E5B695" blockId="5.[151,1437,1537,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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||
Material examined:
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<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A05275567909AB609" box="[376,449,1538,1561]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A059755649341B609" box="[456,538,1537,1561]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">POCL-</collectionCode>
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28 1 colony, Forte São Marcelo,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A07D8556492B7B609" box="[903,1004,1537,1561]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
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, Bahia,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A001855649592B609" box="[1095,1225,1537,1561]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-12.970278">12°58'13"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A008A55649405B609" box="[1237,1374,1537,1561]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-38.517498">38°31'03"W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A0135556494CCB609" box="[1386,1431,1537,1561]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
, Col. R. M. Rocha,
|
||
<date id="705E103F0F12163A0534554090B6B62D" box="[363,493,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" value="1999-01-08">01.08.1999</date>
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;
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<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A05A75543931AB62D" box="[504,577,1574,1597]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">DZUP</collectionCode>
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<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A0617554093C1B62D" box="[584,666,1573,1597]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">POCL-</collectionCode>
|
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30 1 colony, Pedra Verde,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A079F5540957EB62D" box="[960,1061,1573,1597]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bahia,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A00DF5540945AB62D" box="[1152,1281,1573,1597]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-12.964444">12°57'52"S</geoCoordinate>
|
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,
|
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A0152554094C3B62D" box="[1293,1432,1573,1597]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-38.515835">38°30'57"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A04C8552C918CB671" box="[151,215,1609,1633]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="23.0">23 m</quantity>
|
||
, Col. E. M. Hajdu,
|
||
<date id="705E103F0F12163A0596552C9310B671" box="[457,587,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" value="1999-07-08">07.08.1999</date>
|
||
;
|
||
<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A0604552F93FFB671" box="[603,676,1610,1633]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/5xp9-edpx" name="Universidade Federal do Parana, Colecao de Entomologia Pe. Jesus Santiago Moure" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">DZUP</collectionCode>
|
||
<collectionCode id="62F1AE3A0F12163A06EF552C93B4B671" box="[688,751,1609,1633]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">APL-</collectionCode>
|
||
04 1 colony, Porto da Barra,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F12163A0013552C95EAB671" box="[1100,1201,1609,1633]" name="El Salvador" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Salvador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Bahia,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A0149552C94CCB671" box="[1302,1431,1609,1633]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-13.010278">13°00'37"S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F12163A04C85508907BB695" box="[151,288,1645,1669]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" precision="15" value="-38.528057">38°31'41"W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A057355089002B695" box="[300,345,1645,1669]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</quantity>
|
||
, Col. R. M. Rocha, 0 6.06.2004.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A049855F4920AB705" blockId="5.[151,1437,1537,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Colonies are encrusting, to
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A064255F49331B6B9" box="[541,618,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="cm" value="12.0">12 cm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter,
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A074855F49225B6B9" box="[791,894,1681,1705]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3−5 mm</quantity>
|
||
thick, cushion-shaped, but may form lobes. Consistency is reminiscent of cartilage. The smooth surface has rounded elevations. Color varies from brick to wine when alive (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A053C55BC90FCB6E1" box="[355,423,1753,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1493]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, Aplidium antillense at shipwreck Reliance, Salvador, Bahia. B, Aplidium elongatum below two colonies of Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895), Island Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. C, Aplidium elongatum in cross section. D, Aplidium lobatum at Praia da Barra, Salvador, Bahia. E, F, Aplidium selenium at Quebramar norte, Salvador, Bahia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210950/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
D) which fades to brownish when preserved. Zooids form elongated systems, sometimes branched, along the cloacal channels. The tunic contains sand.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A04985444923EB7FD" blockId="5.[151,1437,1537,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Zooids are
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A0513544490F7B729" box="[332,428,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.0" valueMin="5.0">5–6 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, thorax
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A0613544493EAB729" box="[588,689,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.5" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="2.0">2−3 mm</quantity>
|
||
, abdomen
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A076E54449223B729" box="[817,888,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
, and the post-abdomen
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A00CF5444958FB729" box="[1168,1236,1825,1849]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
long. Zooids are transparent light yellow. The oral siphon has six elongate, triangular and pointed lobes. The circular opening of the atrial siphon is wide and bordered by circular muscle fibers, between the second and fifth row of stigmata (if viewed when zooids are well relaxed). The atrial languet is short and wide with three long and narrow projections at the distal margin. The longitudinal musculature is delicate, with eight fibers on each side of the thorax, extending from the base of the oral siphon to the end of the post-abdomen.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="509F66770F11163904C854D7919EB7FB" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210948/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" targetBox="[199,1387,193,1939]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F11163904C854D7919EB7FB" blockId="6.[151,1436,1970,2027]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F11163904C854D7904FB7D8" bold="true" box="[151,276,1970,1993]" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F111639054454D79088B7D8" box="[283,467,1970,1992]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="6" pageNumber="24" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F111639054454D79088B7D8" box="[283,467,1970,1992]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="24">Aplidium lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, zooid with female gonad. B, zooid with male gonad. C, larva. Scales: A, B: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F101638049853F290AAB174" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The pharynx has 8−9 rows of stigmata with 10–15 stigmata per row on each side. Approximately 16 oral tentacles are of two sizes. The esophagus is long and narrow. The stomach is short with five well defined and continuous longitudinal folds. The duodenum is narrow and short (length equal to about half that of the stomach), followed by a constriction and by the posterior stomach, expanded and in the intestinal loop. The ascending intestine is long and wide with a long and narrow rectal caeca. The anus is smooth and opens between the fifth and sixth rows of stigmata (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F10163805C1522990BFB174" box="[414,484,332,356]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplidium lobatum. A, zooid with female gonad. B, zooid with male gonad. C, larva. Scales: A, B: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210948/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F1016380498520A9079B24F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
The ovary has 2–4 oocytes. The testis comprises 14−16 grouped spherical or oval follicles; the sperm duct opens alongside the anus. Three colonies (two females, one male) were collected (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F101638001752F195CBB1BC" box="[1096,1168,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplidium lobatum. A, zooid with female gonad. B, zooid with male gonad. C, larva. Scales: A, B: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210948/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). Larvae are elongated, trunk length is about 0.8 mm. Ocellus and otolith are in the posterior region. The pharynx has two rows of stigmata. Three adhesive papillae are equidistant, bell-shaped and supported by short and narrow stalks. About 75 ectodermal vesicles are in the anterior, ventral and dorsal surface of the larva. The tail is on the same plane as the adhesive papillae and winds around ¾ of the larva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F101638068A51419243B22C" box="[725,792,548,572]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1970,1993]" captionTargetBox="[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[199,1387,193,1939]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Aplidium lobatum. A, zooid with female gonad. B, zooid with male gonad. C, larva. Scales: A, B: 1 mm, C: 0.5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210948/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
C, 7A). Between one and three larvae are incubated in the atrial cavity.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F10163804985109908DB34C" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
Remarks. The original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F10163806CB51099287B294" authority="Savigny (1816)" authorityName="Savigny" authorityYear="1816" box="[660,988,620,644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F10163806CB5109924CB294" box="[660,791,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638077951099287B294" author="Savigny" box="[806,988,620,644]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Savigny, J. C. (1816) Recherches anatomiques sur les ascidies composees et sur les ascidies simples-Systeme de la classe des Ascidies. In: Memoires sur les Animaux sans Vertebres. Partie 2, Deterville Libraire, Paris, pp. 1 - 239." type="book chapter" year="1816">Savigny (1816)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is brief and did not include larvae. Nonetheless, colony and zooid characteristics are very similar to those of our samples, except for the smaller number of rows of stigmata in the Brazilian specimens. Caribbean specimens are very similar to those from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F101638010751D194C7B2DC" box="[1368,1436,692,716]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F10163804C151B2900DB2FF" author="Van" box="[158,342,727,752]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1921) Ascidians of the West Indian region and Southeastern United States. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 44, 283 - 494." type="journal article" year="1921">Van Name 1921</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638053D51B290C6B2FF" author="Name" box="[354,413,727,751]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), except for the oral siphon with bifid lobes and the pharynx with seven rows of stigmata in zooids in the Caribbean. Zooids from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F101638061D51999392B304" box="[578,713,764,788]" name="Guadeloupe" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Guadeloupe</collectingCountry>
|
||
are also very similar (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638079B519995B0B304" author="Monniot" box="[964,1259,764,788]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1984) Ascidies littorales de Guadeloupe VII. Especes nouvelles et complementaires a l'inventaire. Bulletin du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, ser. 4 A, 6 (3), 567 - 582." type="journal article" year="1984">Monniot & Monniot 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and even have a long and narrow rectal caeca as observed in Brazilian specimens. But the thorax there is red in life which was not seen in Brazilian specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F1016380498500D93D3B424" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F1016380498500D90A2B390" box="[199,505,872,896]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quinquesulcatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F1016380498500D90A2B390" box="[199,505,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Aplidium quinquesulcatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was reported only in northern and northeastern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F10163800C850029585B36F" box="[1175,1246,871,895]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, has a flattened colony encrusted with sand, zooids have eight or nine rows of stigmata, stomach with five longitudinal folds and a short post-abdomen. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638067F50CA93E1B3D7" author="Millar" box="[544,698,943,967]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Millar, R. H. (1977) Ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) from the northern and north-eastern Brazilian shelf. Journal of Natural History, 11 (2), 169 - 223." type="journal article" year="1977">Millar (1977)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, these features distinguish this species from all other reported for the western north and south Atlantic, but he did not compare his samples with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638005E50B19527B3FC" box="[1025,1148,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638005E50B19527B3FC" box="[1025,1148,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
initially described for the Gulf of Suez. Both descriptions are very similar, leaving no doubt that these are the same species. The name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F10163801DB509D91A8B424" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F10163801DB509D91A8B424" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has precedence and should be used.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F101638049857259228B53F" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1328]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">
|
||
In the description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F10163805EF5725932AB448" box="[432,625,1088,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F10163805EF5725932AB448" box="[432,625,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. macrolobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a new species in the Pacific,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638079E5725951EB447" author="Kott" box="[961,1093,1087,1111]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Kott, P. (1992) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part III: Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32, 375 - 655." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
used the material she reported in 1963 as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F1016380550570190D2B46C" box="[271,393,1124,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F1016380550570190D2B46C" box="[271,393,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. She based the differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638074357019286B46C" box="[796,989,1124,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638074357019286B46C" box="[796,989,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. macrolobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638004C570195D6B46C" box="[1043,1165,1124,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638004C570195D6B46C" box="[1043,1165,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
only in the organization of zooids and the presence of depressions in the surface of colony. Moreover,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638004F57ED95CEB48F" author="Kott" box="[1040,1173,1159,1183]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Kott, P. (1992) The Australian Ascidiacea. Part III: Aplousobranchia (2). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32, 375 - 655." type="journal article" year="1992">Kott (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also included previous records of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638055157C990D2B4D4" box="[270,393,1196,1220]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638055157C990D2B4D4" box="[270,393,1196,1220]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Tokioka 1967;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638061D57C993A7B4D4" author="Nishikawa" box="[578,764,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1984) Ascidians from the Truk Islands, Ponape Island, and Majuro Atoll (Tunicata, Ascidiacea). Proceedings of the Japanese Society of Systematic Zoology, 27, 107 - 140." type="journal article" year="1984">Nishikawa 1984</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638075757C992F1B4D4" author="Monniot" box="[776,938,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1987) Les ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memories du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle, ser. A, 136, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F10163807E957C99581B4D4" author="Monniot" box="[950,1242,1196,1220]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1987) Les ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memories du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle, ser. A, 136, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot & Monniot 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) with the species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F10163804C857B590F2B4F7" authority="Sluiter, 1895" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1895" box="[151,425,1231,1256]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ritteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F10163804C857B591A2B4F8" box="[151,249,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. ritteri</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F101638055557AA90FAB4F7" author="Sluiter" box="[266,417,1231,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1895) Tunicaten. In Semon. R. Zoologische Forschungsreisen in Australien und den Malagischen Archipel. Denkschriften Gesellsch Jena, 8, 163 - 186." type="journal article" year="1895">Sluiter, 1895</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Therefore, we believe that the three species
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F10163807EF57B59576B4F8" box="[944,1069,1232,1256]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F10163807EF57B59576B4F8" box="[944,1069,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638006357B595A4B4F8" box="[1084,1279,1232,1256]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macrolobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638006357B595A4B4F8" box="[1084,1279,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. macrolobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F101638016557B594C7B4F8" box="[1338,1436,1232,1256]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ritteri">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F101638016557B594C7B4F8" box="[1338,1436,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. ritteri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
require an extensive and detailed review to define their status. Currently, because of the wide geographical distribution of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F1016380562567D90ECB520" box="[317,439,1304,1328]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="7" pageNumber="25" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F1016380562567D90ECB520" box="[317,439,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">A. lobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we classify it as cryptogenic in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F101638077856729234B53F" box="[807,879,1303,1327]" name="Brazil" pageId="7" pageNumber="25">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |