299 lines
36 KiB
XML
299 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.116611" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1860-0743-1-119" ID-Pensoft-UUID="5F4D93D18CBC5E0EA106779544E9253C" ID-ZooBank="FD307F804B3E41E19283E5C93C17C399" ModsDocID="1860-0743-100-1-119" checkinTime="1706312433549" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kodeeswaran, Paramasivam, Kathirvelpandian, Ayyathurai, Ray, Dipanjan, Mohapatra, Anil, Kumar, Thipramalai Thangappan Ajith, Raghunathan, Chelladurai & Kumar Sarkar, Uttam" docDate="2024" docId="1E58F5365CA75B33A840D95CFA9A7E68" docLanguage="en" docName="ZoosystEvol 100(1): 119-128" docOrigin="Zoosystematics and Evolution 100 (1)" docPubDate="2024-01-26" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.116611" docTitle="Ariosoma kannani Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="AF62080E-7DF4-43AE-BF0C-D83C0440E8AA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="1" id="5F4D93D18CBC5E0EA106779544E9253C" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="5F4D93D18CBC5E0EA106779544E9253C" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the congrid eel genus Ariosoma (Anguilliformes, Congridae, Bathymyrinae) from Indian waters" masterLastPageNumber="128" masterPageNumber="119" pageNumber="119" updateTime="1706312433549" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="FC0EA2F144588CF2B265CD2A2787AE4A">Two new species of the congrid eel genus Ariosoma (Anguilliformes, Congridae, Bathymyrinae) from Indian waters</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7D676C24464DE73C8FF2F102096B2B38">Kodeeswaran, Paramasivam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="F4C5E405151052E78DEAAE52CE02A323" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4636-3056</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="62DF3BD9EBFA9538B906F0A215C611AA">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India & Faculty of Fisheries Science, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Kochi 682 506, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2CEB29C1076F700DF65956392733FD61">Kathirvelpandian, Ayyathurai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E21B0B22ACFECF31839F29DE134A22DA">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="3814ACA0C9CF7D22238A34A3C31F431C">Ray, Dipanjan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01B5A18A78AC5E97AC479DAC3EE65BFA">Bajkul Milani Mahavidyalaya, Kismat Bajkul, Purba Medinipur, West Bengal 721 655, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="848A489318C0B6249FD4F571A7A16D55">Mohapatra, Anil</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4FD44D8DC8924D598060408B6EC97E3" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3547-7039</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="48F942BBC0067B30DE7410B2847A115D">Estuarine Biology Regional Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Gopalpur-on-Sea, Ganjam, Odisha 761 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="0FBDD918EF1DB51F34179376E7ECF4A8">Kumar, Thipramalai Thangappan Ajith</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="39EBAA7F701B7F3D0BF8DB822C42AE5A" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4842-9562</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="D91C611BDAED22B114F60DA2A0576AA5">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="67D16A0BA24907B9AE5DBB73EC88FCAF" type="email">tt.ajith@icar.gov.in</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="A1B8514B42E706992813187C66A72E52">Raghunathan, Chelladurai</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5EE8B1036F324E0EF6FA11EA105D4313">Zoological Survey of India, New Alipore, Kolkata 700 053, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5BC9B3E757671891E27577D7DF66B8D4">Kumar Sarkar, Uttam</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="B0645D598E94E87A4AC9AE032AFB3D29" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8166-4375</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="3A9978A4E1DC9ACE478E09B0BA12BA8F">ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226 002, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="210E3FDF0B92BD0999F711624686045A">Zoosystematics and Evolution</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CBCD9E215200929155296AEBE028E08D">
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<mods:date id="83BBC195A2FB176E227DDFE88D0E8A58">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3051AE1F0DEEC279D651243A1969B4DF">2024-01-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="D090A49F97313FA4A1FBB8F865705E18">100</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="0ADD15A4DD6DD6A4C04389FF54922AD2">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D0BAD0F4966EFF9438B0125DDB24BC3C">119</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="27FB60BB827B7BBE61E97A3CBEBBE562">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.116611</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="701991E5F9978C87480F09FE175C3D77">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1C312804A7386B64D3546BB9466A16CF" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zse.100.116611</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="F39E4E1DC947DDC66AE356DFCE5227CE" type="Pensoft-Pub">1860-0743-1-119</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="BD776DBEEC2671401150C191B321EE07" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="results">
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<treatment id="1E58F5365CA75B33A840D95CFA9A7E68" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AF62080E-7DF4-43AE-BF0C-D83C0440E8AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/1E58F5365CA75B33A840D95CFA9A7E68" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<subSubSection id="517147B8492BACF33A91101575641A57" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9C746FD9B47CF0D7DFBE4F8C473D1742" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<taxonomicName id="AA2A1FC69BA978603DC8D2CFFB704F3B" LSID="https://zoobank.org/AF62080E-7DF4-43AE-BF0C-D83C0440E8AA" authority="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityName="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityYear="2024" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kannani" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kannani" status="sp. nov.">Ariosoma kannani Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="85365DA68E10BA1D645AF624A23D7937" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1D1CD9CB19B6FAD25CC2C43471A741E7" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="description">
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<paragraph id="B84949DA58BB8B4B984F4018F47C0A9F" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<figureCitation id="AB3A4214412F9FE9897B42645F9C3948" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Image showing the head pores and anterior lateral-line pores. a. Ariosoma gracile sp. nov., NBFGR / CONACOM, holotype (241 mm TL); b. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974584" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Figs 1b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="B1512411E8E7518E66D8401117384BFE" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dentition of upper jaw. a. Ariosoma gracile sp. nov., NBFGR / CONACOM, holotype (241 mm TL); b. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974585" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">, 2b</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="40D35E697D5C2CB17806C1BB475DE01A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL). a. Lateral view; b. Lateral; c. Dorsal; d. Ventral view of anterior portion of head." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974588" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">, 5</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="13D8AF9C622B859D936076E80B7D2266" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="AA4AC8A97663455180B7CE5C3145608A" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="90C9413C7DDAA329B41114CA24FE714D" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="72E0321EB589D5AFEFC3A567E8D15960" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="5E9F49F4D72D16B360E2F70D1D51F079" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Holotype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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NBFGR/CONAKAN (171 mm TL), Rameshwaram Fish Landing Centre, Tamil Nadu, Gulf of Mannar, east coast of India, Bay of Bengal (
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<geoCoordinate id="E2DBAAD5A4E560A814F1FC15459B415E" degrees="9" direction="north" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="9.266666">9°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B8DD687DAB744006E784E8F1092DA527" degrees="79" direction="east" minutes="18" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="79.3">79°18'E</geoCoordinate>
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), Coll. P. Kodeeswaran and A. Kathirvelpandian, 4 February 2022.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="4C3224C3B260D75323EA5C4755D6F74C" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="EAD3C22243FAD9578B9852BDA5B047B5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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<emphasis id="1BB1971F2187F4DB9E844E4181555DDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Paratype</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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EBRC/ZSI/F15710 (157 mm TL) taken with holotype, EBRC/ZSI/F15711 (201 mm TL), Shankarpur Fish Landing Centre, West Bengal, Coll. Dipanjan Ray, 10 November, 2021.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="14A97C593FC5B08BDC8F903DA76F317B" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D3A1A92938FB26C780B9AAD933821828" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="56CE22B2CFCF1C78D14CA19C9EF21DD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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A small-sized slender eel species of
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<taxonomicName id="FF39926E58BF4E8552FAAC0FCCFBA10B" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="8EE02A8F847538FE6BEB70DF97613850" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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distinguished from all other species by the following combination of the characters: dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral-fin insertion, pre-anal length 46.0-47.2% of TL, smaller eye, 20.7-21.1% HL, smaller interorbital distance, 8.9-10.7% HL, no distinct bands on head, pre-opercle whitish, teeth on jaw small, pointed, intermaxillary and vomerine teeth continuous, short vomerine tooth patch; SO canal with 6 pores; 3 pores on ST canal; pre-dorsal vertebrae 10 (10); pre-anal vertebrae 45 (45); total vertebrae 116 (118).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="17953CF2FC1E668FED7290D8FBD54838" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C1C35E2A8626597A607AE9E6B3921092" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="EE33A44E0968C519CF6DC9E4B75625F9" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Body stout, anterior portion cylindrical, laterally compressed in tail region; caudal fin tip rounded; anus positioned at mid-point of body, pre-anal length 46.0-47.2% of TL; dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral-fin insertion, above tenth to eleventh lateral-line pores. Pectoral-fin developed, with a narrow base and round or blunt distally. Gill opening small, smaller than eye diameter, interbranchial width larger than gill opening and smaller than eye diameter.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B41175BE35D5E38ED254E3414A27F17" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Head moderately large 6.0 (5.5) in TL, snout short, anteriorly pointed in dorsal view, its length 1.1 times eye diameter, projecting beyond lower jaw; snout length shorter than lower jaw; fleshy portion of snout projecting anteriorly beyond the end of intermaxillary tooth patch; rictus positioned just behind middle length of eye. Tubular anterior nostril moderate in size at snout tip and posterior nostril relatively large elliptical pore, in front of mid-eye orbit diameter. Upper and lower jaw with reduced flange.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="F57B45F7133E98DD8582E3DEC7407BEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Lateral-line pores complete; first pore commences at level of supratemporal canal and terminates well before base of caudal fin; 10-11 pre-dorsal pores; 45-47 pre-anal pores and 110-111 total pores.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="24E6E09201406A86CDA0C3E685EDE65C" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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Head pores medium or small. SO canal pores 6; first pore (ethmoidal) smaller, on snout tip; second pore medium, just before anterior nostril; third pore enlarged, on dorsal surface of snout just behind anterior nostril; fourth pore moderate, behind posterior nostril; fifth pore smaller, at anterior interorbital space; sixth pore small at posterior interorbital space. IO canal pores 8 (4+4), first pore moderate, behind anterior nostril; second pore below posterior nostril; third pore below just before orbit eye-orbit margin; fourth pore at slightly before rictus, fifth pore behind rictus and 3 pores at infraorbital canal behind eye. POM pores 10; mandibular section with 7, pre-opercular section with 3 pores in a longitudinal row. ST pores 3, 1 median pore and 1 lateral pore on each side just behind median pore (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="A2DEE8BAF9BF24A4A8E5DAAC4D0ECDA0" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Image showing the head pores and anterior lateral-line pores. a. Ariosoma gracile sp. nov., NBFGR / CONACOM, holotype (241 mm TL); b. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974584" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">1b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9316933C590F51F4227657966E49F6D7" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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Teeth on jaws small, pointed; continuous maxillary and intermaxillary teeth; intermaxillary and vomerine teeth continuous; vomerine teeth pointed anteriorly and blunt posteriorly, reach beyond mid-maxillary teeth row (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="365682D57B037A81FAE6DD682620EA2D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Dentition of upper jaw. a. Ariosoma gracile sp. nov., NBFGR / CONACOM, holotype (241 mm TL); b. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL)." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974585" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">2b</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B1FB30701F5F9381922D2EE9FAFE5956" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Pre-dorsal vertebrae 10, pre-anal vertebrae 45-48; total vertebrae 116-118.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="935E2D561ABEA950A63D3ECF734BB954" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="colouration">
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<paragraph id="7A9D6AC0D9AE032C56CABD1402696EC6" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Colouration.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9474D9A2720199959F0E971C66CFD934" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
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Dorsal body pale brownish; ventral half above anus whitish; dorsal fin margin black; anal fin clear; pre-opercle whitish; head brownish; interorbital region black; pectoral-fin translucent; ventral surface of lower jaw whitish without any black pigmentation (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="0F1084BDBC973957FEA2635A1581DF19" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Ariosoma kannani sp. nov., NBFGR / CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL). a. Lateral view; b. Lateral; c. Dorsal; d. Ventral view of anterior portion of head." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974588" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">5</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="5693193143AEE500396962744141E43E" doi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974588" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
|
<paragraph id="8223BE32382416AB5ABD5C5EB9B0599C" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
|
|
<emphasis id="9687AF8695D1C1455880763E697321E7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B660DA509334E84533B1923B9F40CE6F" authorityName="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityYear="2024" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kannani" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="32BFA20BB3FC5DD14A8641F640FC7E23" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. nov., NBFGR/CONAKAN, holotype, (171 mm TL).
|
|
<emphasis id="095E1CD4951AB3F61AB530AD9D678DD4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">a.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral view;
|
|
<emphasis id="557835330676D748B6F4083FF03DEC67" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">b.</emphasis>
|
|
Lateral;
|
|
<emphasis id="5B86EE7B7EB02FF805C66B0D9DA2B905" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">c.</emphasis>
|
|
Dorsal;
|
|
<emphasis id="560D37C159E1602384433ADEEF8736BA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">d.</emphasis>
|
|
Ventral view of anterior portion of head.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="9B3488BD427FE96398B2B496C3C9FB64" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="5D750567327935117286DC6BBD0C6703" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8CDD79B2B4ADB9EB9AA0C429DAA5EB46" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Indian Ocean: Gulf of Mannar, Bay of Bengal probably widespread in the east coast of India, but rare in catch.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="846D3412C6B2EBF4A8BA14E595B783A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="33A914E5F93CA4A29AFC48CE83E093E3" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="C075200A33989ACC1D1F2D0A6A149FDC" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">The species was named after the late Prof. Dr. L. Kannan, Former Director, CAS in Marine Biology, Annamalai University and Former Vice Chancellor, Thiruvalluvar University for his contribution in Marine Science.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E4FD185E5786D3D237441AE52B3A7B37" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph id="8F811A8084F9A8D7A7EBB1BE83246A43" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Comparison.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="097A152D4162B88A5E5BF26C1ABED32D" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="88E66BB1DB557E64718DDE6B647F4761" authorityName="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityYear="2024" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kannani" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="211FA15760B86E0C67BF7FE458A59AE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="62A93F2613D05532B343F8F6CD932AC6" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1938" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma megalops" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
|
<emphasis id="B014A232930DBA67003F065FA8D5978D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma megalops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from China, Taiwan and Vietnam waters in having the dorsal-fin origin behind the pectoral-fin insertion and similar vertebral counts, but the new species readily differs by having smaller interorbital distance (8.9-10.7% HL vs. 12.1-18.4% HL in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B79C246B25EAC3B53A682CDA24D4951" lsidName="A. megalops" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
|
<emphasis id="AA627AAD76DAE01044E83EAF9465CF29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. megalops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) and smaller mean eye diameter (20.9% HL vs. 22.8-22.9% HL) and the new species show 10.8% genetic divergence from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="97B4876F8A8B31EC995EB0652A987FD3" lsidName="A. megalops" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
|
<emphasis id="F8F411966536976E28FD71FFE2A3D7FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. megalops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Taiwan waters. The new species shares similar vertebral counts with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="20480C74C094FFEF1DB3A4A432EB7333" baseAuthorityName="Stromman" baseAuthorityYear="1896" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma scheelei" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="scheelei">
|
|
<emphasis id="7106B90146C8C9B9CA558F98F54A2D96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma scheelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, a widely distributed species in Indo-West Pacific, but
|
|
<taxonomicName id="006D8B5C2B6022061359444D4C6F6AE4" lsidName="A. kannani" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="359717D0FF91BE9337E8E510EE645DEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be easily distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0451F835DF8A91E65E48066CC61FF063" lsidName="A. scheelei" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="scheelei">
|
|
<emphasis id="B9D9A03FE3A81EA2E963336F6F2F5BB7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. scheelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
by having fewer POM pores (10 vs. 12 in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8CFABD9635C2812FC8A41BBDEEDB3AC" lsidName="A. scheelei" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="scheelei">
|
|
<emphasis id="E4A5136AB4FE4B2C67B9A15C6FFE758C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. scheelei</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D4EC91DEAA1F8AABA6B60A45B117722E" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.10" author="Smith, DG" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="84 - 106" refId="B37" refString="Smith, DG, Ho, HC, Huang, JF, Chang, YH, 2018. The congrid eel genus Ariosoma in Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Congridae), with description of a new species. Zootaxa 4454 (1): 84 - 106, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.10" title="The congrid eel genus Ariosoma in Taiwan (Anguilliformes: Congridae), with description of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4454.1.10" volume="4454" year="2018">Smith et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and shows 19.4% genetic differences. Further,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6299A687CF0CB41255638861765F335E" lsidName="A. kannani" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="CC1D3BBA0BD801B2400D7710B0DD34BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from all the Indian water congeners by having fewer total vertebrae (116-118 vs. 121-164 in others) and dorsal-fin origin behind pectoral-fin insertion (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EF83FEAC02B4DB6E597818C5552FB1FA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01187-8" author="Kodeeswaran, P" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biodiversity" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination=": 47" refId="B20" refString="Kodeeswaran, P, Jayakumar, TKT, Akash, S, Kumar, TTA, Lal, KK, 2021. A new species of Congrid eel, Ariosoma melanospilos sp. nov., from Indian waters with taxonomic description of A. dolichopterum (Congridae: Bathymyrinae). Marine Biodiversity 51 (3): 47, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01187-8" title="A new species of Congrid eel, Ariosoma melanospilos sp. nov., from Indian waters with taxonomic description of A. dolichopterum (Congridae: Bathymyrinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12526-021-01187-8" volume="51" year="2021">Kodeeswaran et al. 2021</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="D3773CEF459A14D28525941F1C33712F" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14994" author="Kodeeswaran, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="775 - 782" refId="B21" refString="Kodeeswaran, P, Mohapatra, A, Dhinakaran, A, Ajith Kumar, TTP, Lal, KK, 2022a. A new species of the congrid eel genus Ariosoma (Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Southwest coast of India. Journal of Fish Biology 100 (3): 775 - 782, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14994" title="A new species of the congrid eel genus Ariosoma (Anguilliformes: Congridae) from the Southwest coast of India." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.14994" volume="100" year="2022 a">2022a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="42FEF952F0A3335A8FFDB020E17BB015" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15055" author="Kodeeswaran, P" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Fish Biology" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="1447 - 1454" refId="B22" refString="Kodeeswaran, P, Kathirvelpandian, A, Acharya, S, Mohanty, SR, Mohapatra, A, Ajith Kumar, TTP, Lal, KK, 2022b. Ariosoma indicum sp. nov., a new species of congrid eel (Anguilliformes: Congridae: Bathymyrinae) from the Indian waters. Journal of Fish Biology 100 (6): 1447 - 1454, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15055" title="Ariosoma indicum sp. nov., a new species of congrid eel (Anguilliformes: Congridae: Bathymyrinae) from the Indian waters." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15055" volume="100" year="2022 b">2022b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="9BD44E27888FB5323C7C28B2B16433F5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1" author="Kodeeswaran, P" journalOrPublisher="Ichthyological Research" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="233 - 242" refId="B23" refString="Kodeeswaran, P, Dhas, D, Ajith Kumar, TTP, Lal, KK, 2023. Description of a new congrid eel, Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea. Ichthyological Research 70 (2): 233 - 242, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1" title="Description of a new congrid eel, Ariosoma albimaculata sp. nov. (Anguilliformes: Congridae), from the southwest coast of India, Arabian Sea." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-022-00882-1" volume="70" year="2023">2023</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7A05BEAD755FE14BB3F84F24C17EDBCD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5165.1.8" author="Ray, D" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="133 - 143" refId="B31" refString="Ray, D, Acharya, S, Khatua, T, Roy, D, Mohapatra, A, Mishra, SS, 2022. A new species of conger eel, Ariosoma (Congridae: Bathymyrinae), from the Bay of Bengal, India. Zootaxa 5165 (1): 133 - 143, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5165.1.8" title="A new species of conger eel, Ariosoma (Congridae: Bathymyrinae), from the Bay of Bengal, India." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5165.1.8" volume="5165" year="2022">Ray et al. 2022</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="AC07FDCEE18DBFC55AF3AC8D16BBBAEE" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" type="molecular analyses">
|
|
<paragraph id="A65999A8FA3A6D9520EF2222999CCADE" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Molecular analyses</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="7ED3F50DE0D5DEB46539FB752EE8E360" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Out of 548 bp studied, conserved and variable sites were found to be 348 bp, 200 bp long, respectively. Amongst variable sites, parsimony informative sites constitute 190 bp, wherein a singleton with 10 bp. The nucleotide composition was found to be A = 26.1%; T = 30%; C = 25.2%; G = 18.7. The transition and transversion bias (R) was documented using substitution patterns and rates were ascertained using the Kimura 2 Parameter model. The obtained R value of 7.48, clearly indicate the sequences of the species used for analyses are delineated in a proper manner. The R value supports the findings of genetic divergence values and phylogenetic tree analyses.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8C1E17B16D017381A21939CEDDDFCCFA" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
|
|
The Maximum Likelihood tree (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="2201A49E33BBFF19F05D5AF28700CF57" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Maximum Likelihood phylogeny tree of the genus Ariosoma from analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, including new species, Ariosoma kannani collected from the south Indian coast, based on the IQ-Tree. The ML tree was plotted with the HKY + F + I + G 4 model using ModelFinder (Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017). Each node is labelled with a GenBank accession number and support values (bootstrap probability) are indicated along branches." figureDoi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974589" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">6</figureCitation>
|
|
), obtained using the sequences generated for the new species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2FEC75728759C4577CA92D0C7A1B8599" authorityName="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityYear="2024" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kannani" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="8780B62426FAFDDB1D30012030CA1251" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
along with other sister species, confirms the species identification as the new species forms a separate cluster and is closely related to the sequences of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6C370C169A11E2B5FF627B45C352F082" authorityName="Fowler" authorityYear="1938" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma megalops" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalops">
|
|
<emphasis id="213588D66B586ABB8A8CD2D8EC08D8AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma megalops</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from the Taiwan waters with 10.8% genetic divergence. Further, the new species
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F8924964911C203C733CD4B23524247E" lsidName="A. kannani" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="B54C279BBEE8F2FB709742CA1B87FDA6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
exhibits 16.3% distance with the sequences of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CD0EFCFB8482CCCA97E732D4944A6BAB" baseAuthorityName="Castle" baseAuthorityYear="1990" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kapala" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kapala">
|
|
<emphasis id="C3D9F06AB3E0DBEF10FEC920684E886B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma kapala</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 17.6% with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E167AE357AF77644487AD14278879E1C" lsidName="A. bowersi" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="bowersi">
|
|
<emphasis id="C365E29BF798F4D7B0DD0E9C9AD9C694" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. bowersi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 18.9% with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="1A7321B3419C12308E0841D99E830B15" lsidName="A. shiroanago" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="shiroanago">
|
|
<emphasis id="DA1E65323C0FCF33730B8D7E5ABC7027" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. shiroanago</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 19.2% with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D8936BE94CC4FC526330DDDFD2B18742" lsidName="A. balearicum" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="balearicum">
|
|
<emphasis id="1809FA2C0A6A2C25C371EF7067455089" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. balearicum</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and 19.3% with
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A72810A321B24A43A8B01432F5311FF1" lsidName="A. anago" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" rank="species" species="anago">
|
|
<emphasis id="B2375EC4FE791EC2D358A870C91DF47E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">A. anago</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="8D01AF94C95EF40CCAF6147096B0F351" doi="10.3897/zse.100.116611.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/974589" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
|
<paragraph id="BEF398C0EB356374A6C04EB97CEADD1F" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">
|
|
<emphasis id="664F04F32B7453C6FEED7DBEAE126CF5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
|
Maximum Likelihood phylogeny tree of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F2F770BB68476C5032AC2FAF16F3B7D9" authorityName="Swainson" authorityYear="1838" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="81F6113EBB22952A4EB5C98629BB44AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
from analysis of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene, including new species,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D3B0552267FB568280FE5D69F7D65BB4" authorityName="Kodeeswaran, Kathirvelpandian, Ray, Kumar, Mohapatra & Sarkar" authorityYear="2024" family="Congridae" genus="Ariosoma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ariosoma kannani" order="Anguilliformes" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kannani">
|
|
<emphasis id="211870AE906F3190DFA88C67FE1A7285" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="119">Ariosoma kannani</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
collected from the south Indian coast, based on the IQ-Tree. The ML tree was plotted with the HKY+F+I+G4 model using ModelFinder (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="422024DE28739C35D102C999964CBAA5" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285" author="Kalyaanamoorthy, S" journalOrPublisher="Nature Methods" pageId="0" pageNumber="119" pagination="587 - 589" refId="B14" refString="Kalyaanamoorthy, S, Minh, BQ, Wong, TK, Von Haeseler, A, Jermiin, LS, 2017. ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates. Nature Methods 14 (6): 587 - 589, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285" title="ModelFinder: Fast model selection for accurate phylogenetic estimates." url="https://doi.org/10.1038/nmeth.4285" volume="14" year="2017">Kalyaanamoorthy et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Each node is labelled with a GenBank accession number and support values (bootstrap probability) are indicated along branches.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</subSection>
|
|
</document> |