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<document id="F742A0A5FAE1C5178ADE3843F1160648" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddffc7b3-2654-49ec-b046-f32bc78af2d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249019" ID-ZooBank="136660B8-7DCC-490E-AB79-46546CC18E40" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652068901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian &amp; Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03EF87D0CD2B881880BEFBF7FD6AFA44" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pyloderma latrunculioides Ridley &amp; Dendy 1886" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="54" masterDocId="FFD6FFA8CD3388028029FF93FFE4FFE9" masterDocTitle="Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="52" updateTime="1698343927236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="1C2DECD9EE025874398E58AE65CDEE3C">Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="96899EEBFFCA8B601F1803096A90D484">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:number id="A3F2A5C5978E9D10E353EFA39A21B61A">3692</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EF87D0CD2B881880BEFBF7FD6AFA44" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145231" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573067" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145231" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87D0CD2B881880BEFBF7FD6AFA44" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87D0CD2B881880BEFBF7FD6AFA44" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="54" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2B881A80BEFBF7FED2FAB0" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFBF7FCE7FB94" blockId="24.[151,771,1123,1182]" box="[151,771,1123,1150]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<heading id="D0B181AACD2B881A80BEFBF7FCE7FB94" bold="true" box="[151,771,1123,1150]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2B881A80BEFBF7FCE7FB94" ID-CoL="6X2QS" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,771,1123,1150]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFBF7FCE7FB94" bold="true" box="[151,771,1123,1150]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFBF7FE32FB97" bold="true" box="[151,470,1124,1150]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Pyloderma latrunculioides</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFB15FEDAFB77" blockId="24.[151,771,1123,1182]" box="[151,318,1158,1182]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
(
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2B881A80B6FB15FF00FB77" box="[159,228,1158,1182]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[187,1395,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[187,1396,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), SMF 11798. A, habit alive ex situ. B, epidermis in topview. C – D, skeletal sections, the choanosome (ch) is in the center, surrounded by the ectosome (ec). E – H, Oxea and details thereof. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 500 µm, C – D: 1 mm, E: 100 µm; F – H: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249026/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD2B881A80C6FB15FED2FB77" box="[239,310,1158,1182]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,266,536]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule sizes of Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887), Koltun (1964) and Ríos (2006) are given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFB5AFC9FFB36" blockId="24.[151,891,1225,1247]" box="[151,891,1225,1247]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2B881A80BEFB5AFD42FB36" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,678,1225,1247]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFB5AFE41FB36" box="[151,421,1225,1247]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Pyloderma latrunculioides</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
: Hentschel 1914: 83.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFA94FEE8FAF5" blockId="24.[151,1437,1287,1400]" box="[151,268,1287,1308]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Synonymy:</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFAB6FED2FAB0" blockId="24.[151,1437,1287,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2B881A80BEFAB6FCD2FAD2" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 326" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityPageNumber="326" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,822,1317,1339]" class="Demospongiae" family="Halichondriidae" genus="Halichondria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Halichondrida" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFAB6FE5AFAD2" box="[151,446,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Halichondria latrunculioides</emphasis>
Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886: 326, 1887: 6
</taxonomicName>
, pl. 1, fig. 5, pl. 2, fig. 1, pl. 46, fig. 5. Van Soest
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A8503FAB5FAB9FAD2" box="[1322,1373,1317,1339]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">et al.</emphasis>
1990: 49, fig. 82.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2B881A80BEFAF1FA62FA91" box="[151,1414,1378,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFAF1FA62FA91" blockId="24.[151,1437,1287,1400]" box="[151,1414,1378,1400]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2B881A80BEFAF1FD77FA91" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[151,659,1378,1400]" class="Demospongiae" family="Coelosphaeridae" genus="Inflatella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFAF1FE77FA91" box="[151,403,1378,1400]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Inflatella latrunculioides</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
: Kirkpatrick 1908: 51. Dendy 1924: 370. Koltun 1964: 49, pl. 9, figs. 1, 2.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2B881A80BEFA0CFAD0FA5E" box="[151,1332,1439,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80BEFA0CFAD0FA5E" blockId="24.[151,1437,1439,2028]" box="[151,1332,1439,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80BEFA0CFEE2FA51" bold="true" box="[151,262,1439,1464]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Material.</emphasis>
<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD2B881A8125FA0CFE68FA5E" box="[268,396,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
from station 017-10 (SMF 11798),
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A8335FA0CFC9EFA5E" box="[796,890,1439,1463]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD2B881A83AFFA0CFBF4FA5E" box="[902,1040,1439,1463]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD2B881A8434FA0CFB47FA5E" box="[1053,1187,1439,1463]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="FFF81006CD2B881A8487FA0CFACBFA5E" box="[1198,1327,1439,1463]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" value="2008-12-01">12.01.2008</date>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD2B881A80EEFA51FF03F805" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80EEFA51FB1DF938" blockId="24.[151,1437,1439,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2B881A80EEFA51FEBDFA32" bold="true" box="[199,345,1474,1499]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Description.</emphasis>
Observed specimen almost complete, consisting of a rounded, almost heart-shaped lamella, about
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A80BEFA75FF0EFA17" box="[151,234,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in width,
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A814FFA75FE5DFA17" box="[358,441,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="60.0">60 mm</quantity>
in height and
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A8240FA75FD5FFA17" box="[617,699,1510,1534]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
in thickness. On the narrow lower side a breakpoint, probably indicating the former presence of a stalk-like attachment structure. Living sponge thus very likely growing upright, erect. One round pebble of
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A81F5F9BFFDC4F9AD" box="[476,544,1580,1604]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
diameter laterally incorporated in tissue. Color of the sponge ex situ and in ethanol greenish grey. Its texture is soft fleshy. Epidermis very dense and velvety, bearing several small papillae, usually about
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2B881A811DF9E0FE91F962" box="[308,373,1651,1675]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
high. Few papillae seem to have oscular openings at their top, but these could be damages due to the trawling process. Apart from these, no distinct oscula exist. The epidermis is easily detachable. The choanosome is very cavernous and the whole sponge is traversed by several large aquiferous canals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80EEF94FFC05F868" blockId="24.[151,1437,1439,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
Skeleton: Basal skeleton made up of long plumose tracts consisting of a thick arrangement of oxeas. Tracts run towards the surface, where they attach to the epidermis. At least in parts, tracts becoming thicker towards the epidermis, forming bouquets or even palisade like paratangential structures underneath the surface. Thus, when detaching the surface, some small remains of the choanosomal tissue staying attached to the removed fragments. Ectosomal skeleton a dense multispicular layer of tangential oxeas (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2B881A83A6F8FAFC37F868" box="[911,979,1897,1921]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[187,1395,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[187,1396,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), SMF 11798. A, habit alive ex situ. B, epidermis in topview. C – D, skeletal sections, the choanosome (ch) is in the center, surrounded by the ectosome (ec). E – H, Oxea and details thereof. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 500 µm, C – D: 1 mm, E: 100 µm; F – H: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249026/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2B881A80EEF81FFF03F805" blockId="24.[151,1437,1439,2028]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">
Spiculation (
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD2B881A817CF81FFE7BF84D" box="[341,415,1932,1956]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,266,536]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule sizes of Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887), Koltun (1964) and Ríos (2006) are given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" pageId="24" pageNumber="52" tableUuid="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
): Only spicule
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2B881A8263F81EFD9EF84C" box="[586,634,1933,1957]" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
rather straight oxeas (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2B881A835DF81FFC52F84D" box="[884,950,1932,1956]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[187,1395,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[187,1396,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), SMF 11798. A, habit alive ex situ. B, epidermis in topview. C – D, skeletal sections, the choanosome (ch) is in the center, surrounded by the ectosome (ec). E – H, Oxea and details thereof. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 500 µm, C – D: 1 mm, E: 100 µm; F – H: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249026/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E) with characteristic articulated apices, in some cases quite elongate and characteristically bent (
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2B881A82D2F823FCDAF821" box="[763,830,1968,1992]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1947,1970]" captionTargetBox="[187,1395,193,1903]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[187,1396,193,1904]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 7. Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886), SMF 11798. A, habit alive ex situ. B, epidermis in topview. C – D, skeletal sections, the choanosome (ch) is in the center, surrounded by the ectosome (ec). E – H, Oxea and details thereof. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 500 µm, C – D: 1 mm, E: 100 µm; F – H: 20 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249026/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="52">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
F–H). Oxeas 705–950 µm long with diameter of 15– 25 µm.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="DF39664ECD2A881B80BEF808FC9DF806" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249026/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="53" targetBox="[187,1395,193,1903]" targetPageId="25">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD2A881B80BEF808FC9DF806" blockId="25.[151,1437,1947,2031]" pageId="25" pageNumber="53">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2A881B80BEF808FEF7F858" bold="true" box="[151,275,1947,1970]" pageId="25" pageNumber="53">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2A881B8132F808FCC8F858" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[283,812,1947,1969]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="25" pageNumber="53" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2A881B8132F808FDCEF858" box="[283,554,1947,1969]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="53">Pyloderma latrunculioides</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
, SMF 11798. A, habit alive ex situ. B, epidermis in topview. C–D, skeletal sections, the choanosome (ch) is in the center, surrounded by the ectosome (ec). E–H, Oxea and details thereof. Scale bars: A: 10 mm, B: 500 µm, C–D: 1 mm, E: 100 µm; F–H: 20 µm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" ID-Table-UUID="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" targetBox="[159,1400,266,536]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="26">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,239]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD29881880BEFF04FEEFFF46" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">TABLE 4.</emphasis>
Spicule sizes of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD29881881E6FF0BFBEDFF46" authority="Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886" authorityName="Ridley &amp; Dendy" authorityYear="1886" box="[463,1033,152,175]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD29881881E6FF0BFD0BFF46" box="[463,751,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Pyloderma latrunculioides</emphasis>
(Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886)
</taxonomicName>
. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum–mean–maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887), Koltun (1964) and Ríos (2006) are given.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD29881880B6FE98FAC1FDF1" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<table id="F946C466CD2977FD80B6FE99FA9CFDF1" box="[159,1400,266,536]" gridcols="5" gridrows="7" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FE99FA9CFEC8" box="[159,1400,266,289]" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FE99FEF7FEC8" box="[159,275,266,289]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">parameter</th>
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD819EFE99FD63FEC8" box="[439,647,266,289]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">SMF 11798</th>
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8293FE99FC4FFEC8" box="[698,939,266,289]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887)</th>
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD83DFFE99FB62FEC8" box="[1014,1158,266,289]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Koltun (1964)</th>
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8493FE99FA9CFEC8" box="[1210,1400,266,289]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Rios (2006)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FEA7FA9CFEA3" box="[159,1400,308,330]" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FEA7FEF7FEA3" box="[159,275,308,330]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Oxea I</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FECEFA9CFE9A" box="[159,1400,349,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FECEFEF7FE9A" box="[159,275,349,371]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">length</th>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD819EFECEFD63FE9A" box="[439,647,349,371]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">705–834.5–950 (30)</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8293FECEFC4FFE9A" box="[698,939,349,371]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">700–1250</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD83DFFECEFB62FE9A" box="[1014,1158,349,371]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">640–1400</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8493FECEFA9CFE9A" box="[1210,1400,349,371]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">410–585.22–960</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FE15FA9CFE74" box="[159,1400,390,413]" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FE15FEF7FE74" box="[159,275,390,413]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">diameter</th>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD819EFE15FD63FE74" box="[439,647,390,413]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">15–18.1–21.25 (30)</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8293FE15FC4FFE74" box="[698,939,390,413]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">22–31</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD83DFFE15FB62FE74" box="[1014,1158,390,413]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">26–31</td>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8493FE15FA9CFE74" box="[1210,1400,390,413]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">10–14.96–27.50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FE23FA9CFE2F" box="[159,1400,432,454]" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FE23FEF7FE2F" box="[159,275,432,454]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Oxea II</th>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FE4AFA9CFE06" box="[159,1400,473,495]" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FE4AFEF7FE06" box="[159,275,473,495]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">length</th>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8493FE4AFA9CFE06" box="[1210,1400,473,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">182.5–278.57–475</td>
</tr>
<tr id="35763484CD2977FD80B6FD91FA9CFDF1" box="[159,1400,514,536]" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1">
<th id="76A75DF8CD2977FD80B6FD91FEF7FDF1" box="[159,275,514,536]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">diameter</th>
<td id="76A75DF8CD2977FD8493FD91FA9CFDF1" box="[1210,1400,514,536]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">5–7.13–10</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD29881880EEFDCAFD6AFA44" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD29881880EEFDCAFD0FFB10" blockId="26.[151,1436,601,1453]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD29881880EEFDCAFEDFFD98" bold="true" box="[199,315,601,625]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Remarks.</emphasis>
A curious point about this species is the absence or presence of two different size classes of oxeas. In the key within his recent review van Soest (2002c) identifies the genus
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD29881883E5FDEEFBA3FD7C" box="[972,1095,637,661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD29881883E5FDEEFBA3FD7C" box="[972,1095,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Pyloderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(of which
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2988188497FDEDFA66FD7C" box="[1214,1410,637,661]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2988188497FDEDFA66FD7C" box="[1214,1410,637,661]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">P. latrunculioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is the
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD29881880E9FD31FF14FD53" box="[192,240,674,698]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
species) by the presence of two different size classes of oxeas. However, in the following redescription of the
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD29881880E8FD55FF15FD37" box="[193,241,710,734]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
species with designation of a
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2988188260FD56FD54FD34" box="[585,688,709,733]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" type="lectotype">lectotype</typeStatus>
he does not mention those size classes again, but only repeats the values given by Ridley and Dendy (1887), which can also be found in
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD298818839DFD7AFC19FCE8" box="[948,1021,745,769]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,266,536]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule sizes of Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887), Koltun (1964) and Ríos (2006) are given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
. These values cover the whole range of variation, including any possible differing size classes, which are not distinguished (or reported explicitly) by Ridley and Dendy (1887). The presence of different size classes was again reported by Koltun (1964), who unfortunately does not distinguish his measurement values into these classes, but only reports the smaller size to have an average length of around 700 µm. Values given by Ríos (2006) are interestingly completely different and much smaller (
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD298818816DFC0EFE75FC5C" box="[324,401,925,949]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="26.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,266,536]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="TABLE 4. Spicule sizes of Pyloderma latrunculioides (Ridley &amp; Dendy, 1886). Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured). For comparison, values from Ridley &amp; Dendy (1887), Koltun (1964) and Ríos (2006) are given." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" tableUuid="DF39664ECD29881880BEFF04FDB5FF06">Tab. 4</tableCitation>
). The species thus might have a larger variability in spicule sizes than recognized so far, unless of course these sponges would show sufficient differences from the
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD298818843DFC51FBA0FC33" box="[1044,1092,962,986]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
specimen to establish a new species/ subspecies. Our specimen however clearly showed no large oxeas, but only the smaller kind, according to the description by Koltun (1964). Nevertheless very few fragments of large diactinal spicules (&gt; 1000µm) were present, which might be oxeas of
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2988188233FBBDFD04FBAC" box="[538,736,1069,1093]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="latrunculioides">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2988188233FBBDFD04FBAC" box="[538,736,1069,1093]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">P. latrunculioides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but might as well be fragments of diactins from
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2988188532FBBEFE78FB80" authority="Schulze 1886" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1886" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Bathydorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2988188532FBBEFF1CFB80" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Bathydorus spinosus</emphasis>
Schulze 1886
</taxonomicName>
, which was represented by
<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD29881882F0FBC2FC81FB80" box="[729,869,1105,1129]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" type="generic">4 specimens</specimenCount>
at that station. Thus it seems that the large oxeas may be extremely rare or even absent in
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD298818825DFBE6FD0BFB64" box="[628,751,1141,1165]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD298818825DFBE6FD0BFB64" box="[628,751,1141,1165]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Pyloderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, so that the presence of two size categories of oxeas is not obligatory for inclusion in the genus. The mere absence of one size class of oxeas is nonetheless not here considered a sufficient character for species determination or even a genus assignment. Thus,
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD29881884E6FB2EFAAEFB3C" box="[1231,1354,1213,1237]" class="Demospongiae" family="Dendoricellidae" genus="Pyloderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD29881884E6FB2EFAAEFB3C" box="[1231,1354,1213,1237]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">Pyloderma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is best characterized by its shape and other skeletal features.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD29881880EEFA96FD6AFA44" blockId="26.[151,1436,601,1453]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">
The species has a remarkably wide depth range, the
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2988188302FA95FCBFFAF7" box="[811,859,1286,1310]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54">type</typeStatus>
was sampled from a depth of
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD29881884EAFA96FAFDFAF4" box="[1219,1305,1285,1309]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1100.0">1100 m</quantity>
(van Soest 2002c), Koltun (1964) recorded it from similar depth
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD298818833EFABAFC4FFAA8" box="[791,939,1321,1345]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.08" metricValueMin="0.9199999999999999" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="1000.0" valueMax="1080.0" valueMin="920.0">920–1080 m</quantity>
, but also gave the extension of
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2988188506FABAFA9FFAA8" box="[1327,1403,1321,1345]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="180.0">180 m</quantity>
in brackets. Ríos (2006) sampled the species from
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD298818829FFADEFCDCFA8C" box="[694,824,1357,1381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8699999999999999" metricValueMax="2.33" metricValueMin="1.41" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="187.0" valueMax="233.0" valueMin="141.0">
141–
<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD29881882C5FADEFCDCFA8C" box="[748,824,1357,1381]" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" type="generic">233 m</specimenCount>
</quantity>
. Our new specimen was trawled from a depth of
<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD298818854DFADEFF4BFA60" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.19" pageId="26" pageNumber="54" unit="m" value="2190.0">2190 m</quantity>
, which extends the species depth range significantly, so that it might be considered adapted to continental shelf habitats as well as to deep-sea environments.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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