319 lines
46 KiB
XML
319 lines
46 KiB
XML
<document id="385F48CB280F4BF1EBA88B32A2640881" ID-CLB-Dataset="22230" ID-DOI="10.5252/geodiversitas2020v42a10" ID-GBIF-Dataset="4446a4d2-e399-4ae2-9fe6-22dc04116b29" ID-ISSN="1638-9395" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827749" ID-ZooBank="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8F0C0E59-D1FE-4944-AD36-14091546877C" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1589286040741" checkinUser="valdenar" docAuthor="Koufos, George D., Kostopoulos, Dimitris S. & Merceron, Gildas" docDate="2020" docId="03EF878393341C0F2593CE50FB9FF857" docLanguage="en" docName="GEODIVERSITAS.42.10.139-149.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Geodiversitas 42 (10)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00.4:Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="F830B10FF475E64C1F1601E3B32DDC00" docStyleName="Geodiversitas.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Homotherium latidens" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="144" masterDocId="FFD6FFFB93311C082569C823FFA8FFBA" masterDocTitle="The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece" masterLastPageNumber="149" masterPageNumber="139" pageNumber="142" updateTime="1698839270653" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC0-1.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC0-1.0">
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<mods:title id="BE916BC957C59F5E8486ED5718408D04">The saber-toothed cat Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from the lower Pleistocene locality Dafnero, Western Macedonia, Greece</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="EEF6AF5F1B4393173E794E03DE8EE17D">Koufos, George D.</mods:namePart>
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<subSubSection id="C35C651E93341C0D2593CE50FD39F935" box="[250,657,1651,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D2593CE50FD39F935" blockId="5.[250,657,1651,1679]" box="[250,657,1651,1679]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<heading id="D0B181F993341C0D2593CE50FD39F935" box="[250,657,1651,1679]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693341C0D2593CE50FD39F935" authority="(Owen, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[250,657,1651,1679]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D2593CE50FE47F934" bold="true" box="[250,495,1651,1678]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Homotherium latidens</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2497CE57FD21F935" author="Owen" bookContentInfo="560 p." box="[510,649,1652,1679]" firstAuthor="Owen" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" refId="ref7089" refString="mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" title="mental and paleoecological implications" type="book chapter" year="1846">Owen, 1846</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C651E93341C0D25EDCE84FD38F950" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D25EDCE84FDA0F97A" blockId="5.[132,775,1703,2029]" box="[132,520,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5611BB93341C0D25EDCE84FDACF97A" box="[132,516,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE7108493341C0D25EDCE84FDACF97A" box="[132,516,1703,1728]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D25EDCE84FF56F905" box="[132,254,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Machairodus</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693341C0D246CCE84FDACF97A" authority="Owen, 1846: 179" authorityName="Owen" authorityPageNumber="179" authorityYear="1846" box="[261,516,1703,1728]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D246CCE84FEE5F905" box="[261,333,1703,1727]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">latidens</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D243ACE8BFDACF97A" author="Owen" bookContentInfo="560 p." box="[339,516,1703,1728]" firstAuthor="Owen" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" refId="ref7089" refString="mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" title="mental and paleoecological implications" type="book chapter" year="1846">Owen, 1846: 179</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D25EDCEF1FD38F950" blockId="5.[132,775,1703,2029]" box="[132,656,1746,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB5611BB93341C0D25EDCEF1FD38F950" box="[132,656,1746,1770]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D25EDCEF1FEC2F953" box="[132,362,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693341C0D25EDCEF1FEFFF950" authorityName="Owen" authorityYear="1846" box="[132,343,1746,1770]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">Homotherium latidens</taxonomicName>
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–
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE7108493341C0D2419CEF1FD24F950" author="GALOBART A. & MOYA J. & ANTON M. & MAROTO J." box="[368,652,1746,1770]" page="99" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" year="2003">
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2419CEF1FD24F950" author="Galobart" box="[368,652,1746,1770]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
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Galobart
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D24A7CEF1FE55F950" box="[462,509,1746,1770]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
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2003: 99-141
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</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C651E93341C0D25EDCED8FEB4F857" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D25EDCED8FCAFF8C4" blockId="5.[132,775,1703,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<typeStatus id="54FD883793341C0D25EDCED8FF42F8AB" box="[132,234,1787,1810]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="holotype">HOLOTYPE</typeStatus>
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. — The upper canine described and figured as
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<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D27FBCEDFFF63F894" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Machairodus latidens</emphasis>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2582CF35FECDF894" author="Owen" bookContentInfo="560 p." box="[235,357,1814,1838]" firstAuthor="Owen" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" refId="ref7089" refString="mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" title="mental and paleoecological implications" type="book chapter" year="1846">Owen (1846</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 69). In total there are five upper canines and two I3 from Kent’s Cave; the
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<typeStatus id="54FD883793341C0D24A7CF12FD8DF8F3" box="[462,549,1841,1865]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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, numbered 443/
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<quantity id="4CBE9B7093341C0D27A1CF12FCAFF8F3" box="[712,775,1841,1865]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6162" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="in" value="103.0">103 in</quantity>
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the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons, is that described by Owen, but it was destroyed during bombing in 1941 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2715CF45FD51F8C4" author="Barnett" box="[636,761,1894,1918]" firstAuthor="Barnett" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="1 - 38" refId="ref6227" refString="BARNETT R. 2014. - An inventory of British remains of Homo- KOUFOS G. D. 2018. - New material and revision of the Carnivtherium (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae), with special reference ora, Mammalia from the Lower Pleistocene Apolonia 1, Greece, to the material from Kent's Cavern. Geobios 47: 19 - 29. https: // in PALOMBO M. - R. (ed.), Advances in Quaternary studies: The doi. org / 10.1016 / j. geobios. 2013.12.004 contribution of mammalian fossil record. Quaternary 1 (6): 1 - 38." type="journal article" year="2014">Barnett 2014</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D25EDCFACFDDEF812" blockId="5.[132,775,1703,2029]" box="[132,630,1935,1960]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<collectionCode id="ED57AE5093341C0D25EDCFACFEBFF81F" box="[132,279,1935,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">TYPE LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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. — Kent’s Hole, Torquay,
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<collectingCountry id="F351760593341C0D2774CFB3FDDAF812" box="[541,626,1936,1960]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">England</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D25EDCF9AFEB4F857" blockId="5.[132,775,1703,2029]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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<collectionCode id="ED57AE5093341C0D25EDCF9AFF4CF875" box="[132,228,1977,2000]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">LOCALITY</collectionCode>
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. — Dafnero-3, DFN3, Grevena Basin, Western
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<collectingCountry id="F351760593341C0D27BACF98FF60F857" name="Macedonia" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Macedonia</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="F351760593341C0D25BBCFF6FEB0F857" box="[210,280,2005,2029]" name="Greece" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Greece</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35C651E93341C0F2645CB95FB9FF857" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="144" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D2645CB95FC15FC74" blockId="5.[812,1456,950,2030]" box="[812,957,950,976]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">DESCRIPTION</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D2645CBF4FC23FC4B" blockId="5.[812,1456,950,2030]" box="[812,907,983,1009]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D2645CBF4FC23FC4B" box="[812,907,983,1009]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Cranium</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D2645CBD5FB51F935" blockId="5.[812,1456,950,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
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The cranium DFN3-152 is dorsoventrally compressed, deformed and damaged in the occipital region (
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||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093341C0D2058CC35FAC7FB8A" box="[1329,1391,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846),Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece,middle Villafranchian,cranium DFN3-152,in: A, left lateral;B, right lateral;C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827751/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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). The dentition preserves both I3, the left canine and part of the left carnassial. The worn incisors and carnassial indicate an old individual. The premaxillae are well developed and projected rostrally to protrude the large incisors. The incisor row is semicircular as in the Senèze (
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<collectingCountry id="F351760593341C0D21D4CC95FAA0FB6A" box="[1213,1288,1206,1232]" name="France" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">France</collectingCountry>
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||
) cranium FSL- 210 991 (
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<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D26F2CCF5FB87FB4A" author="Ballesio" box="[923,1071,1238,1264]" firstAuthor="Ballesio" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref6137" refString="BALLESIO R. 1963. - Monographie d'un Machairodus du gisement basin (Macedonia, Greece). Annales de Paleontologie 78: 205 - 257. villafranchien de Seneze: Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini, 1890. KOUFOS G. D. 2001. - The Villafranchian mammalian faunas and Travaux du Laboratoire de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de biochronology of Greece. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologia Lyon, nouvelle serie, 9: 1 - 127. Italiana 40 (2): 217 - 223." type="journal article" year="1963">Ballesio 1963</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 11d) and the Incarcal (
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<collectingCountry id="F351760593341C0D2001CCF5FA00FB4B" box="[1384,1448,1238,1265]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Spain</collectingCountry>
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||
) crania IN-I-929 and IN-II-37 (
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D21EACCD6FAF7FAAA" author="Galobart" box="[1155,1375,1269,1296]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
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||
Galobart
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||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D2182CCD5FA88FAB5" box="[1259,1312,1269,1295]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
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2003
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: figs 3, 4). The incisor row of the Perrier cranium of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693341C0D2075CD36FA07FA95" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[1308,1455,1301,1327]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="5" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D2075CD36FA07FA95" box="[1308,1455,1301,1327]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MNHN.F.PET2000) is less convex than that of DFN3-152, while that of IN-I- 825 from Incarcal is straight (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2047CD76FA00FAD5" author="Bonis" box="[1326,1448,1365,1391]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="159 - 198" refId="ref6466" refString="BONIS L. DE 1976. - Un Felide a longues canines de la colline de KOUFOS G. D. & KOSTOPOULOS D. S. 2016. - The Plio-Pleistocene Perrier (Puy-de-Dome). Annales de Paleontologie 62: 159 - 198. large mammal record of Greece: Implications for early Human" type="journal article" year="1976">Bonis 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; fig. 3;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2607CD56FBE9FA35" author="Galobart" box="[878,1089,1397,1423]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Galobart
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D26BACD55FBACFA35" box="[979,1028,1397,1423]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 1). Between the canine and I3 of DFN3-152, there is a short diastema (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7093341C0D2182CDB6FAEBFA0A" box="[1259,1347,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="4.3">4.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
) as in the Senèze (FSL-210 991; 9.0 mm), (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D21FECD96FA81FA75" author="Ballesio" box="[1175,1321,1461,1487]" firstAuthor="Ballesio" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref6137" refString="BALLESIO R. 1963. - Monographie d'un Machairodus du gisement basin (Macedonia, Greece). Annales de Paleontologie 78: 205 - 257. villafranchien de Seneze: Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini, 1890. KOUFOS G. D. 2001. - The Villafranchian mammalian faunas and Travaux du Laboratoire de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de biochronology of Greece. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologia Lyon, nouvelle serie, 9: 1 - 127. Italiana 40 (2): 217 - 223." type="journal article" year="1963">Ballesio 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and Perrier crania (
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7093341C0D2612CDF6FC66FA55" box="[891,974,1493,1519]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.7" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="mm" value="7.7">7.7mm</quantity>
|
||
; MNHN.F.PET2001). In the Incarcal crania the diastema varies greatly; it is long in IN-I929 and absent in IN-I-825 and IN-II-37 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D210ACE37FAEEF995" author="Galobart" box="[1123,1350,1556,1583]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Galobart
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D21A7CE36FAADF994" box="[1230,1285,1556,1582]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A large diastema (16.0 mm) also exists between the canine and the P
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7093341C0D2654CE77FCCEF9D4" box="[829,870,1620,1646]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.62" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" unit="in" value="3.0">3 in</quantity>
|
||
DFN3-152, as in the Senèze cranium and the Incarcal crania IN-
|
||
<date id="FFF8105593341C0D26CDCE57FC46F934" box="[932,1006,1652,1678]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" value="1929-01">I-1929</date>
|
||
and IN-I-825 (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4032E93341C0D21F3CE57FB41F934" box="[1178,1257,1652,1678]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[133,144,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Cranial measurements of Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from various Eurasian localities. Data sources: Theilhard de Chardin (1936), Ballesio (1963), Bonis (1976) and Galobart et al. (2003). *, measurements taken from the casts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39661D93341C0D25ECC8F8FCF9FEB9" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" tableUuid="DF39661D93341C0D25ECC8F8FCF9FEB9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593341C0D262ACEB7FBCEF854" blockId="5.[812,1456,950,2030]" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">
|
||
The maxillary bones are relatively small and have a swelling that corresponds to the strong root of the upper canine. The nasals are rectangular, like in all machairodontines; their posterior margin is almost straight and their suture with the frontals is a straight line, which coincides with the line connecting the anterior margins of the orbits. This feature is clear in the Senèze and Perrier crania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2117CF70FAA3F8D7" author="Ballesio" box="[1150,1291,1875,1901]" firstAuthor="Ballesio" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="217 - 223" refId="ref6137" refString="BALLESIO R. 1963. - Monographie d'un Machairodus du gisement basin (Macedonia, Greece). Annales de Paleontologie 78: 205 - 257. villafranchien de Seneze: Homotherium crenatidens Fabrini, 1890. KOUFOS G. D. 2001. - The Villafranchian mammalian faunas and Travaux du Laboratoire de Geologie de la Faculte des Sciences de biochronology of Greece. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologia Lyon, nouvelle serie, 9: 1 - 127. Italiana 40 (2): 217 - 223." type="journal article" year="1963">Ballesio 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 11d;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D201BCF70FCCCF837" author="Bonis" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="159 - 198" refId="ref6466" refString="BONIS L. DE 1976. - Un Felide a longues canines de la colline de KOUFOS G. D. & KOSTOPOULOS D. S. 2016. - The Plio-Pleistocene Perrier (Puy-de-Dome). Annales de Paleontologie 62: 159 - 198. large mammal record of Greece: Implications for early Human" type="journal article" year="1976">Bonis 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 9a). The nasal cavity is large, sub- rectangular and higher than wide; the index height/breadth of the nasal cavity is 89, versus 91 for the Senèze and 81-95 for the Incarcal crania (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493341C0D2614CFF0FBFEF857" author="Galobart" box="[893,1110,2003,2029]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="5" pageNumber="142" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Galobart
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793341C0D268DCFF7FBB0F857" box="[996,1048,2003,2029]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="142">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661D93371C0E25EDCE48FBD8F928" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827755" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827755" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827755/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" startId="6.[132,143,1643,1660]" targetBox="[133,1455,215,1599]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593371C0E25EDCE48FBD8F928" blockId="6.[132,1456,1643,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
<subScript id="17C234D093371C0E25EDCE48FF35F9C6" attach="left" box="[132,157,1643,1660]" fontSize="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 3. — Comparison of the crania of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693371C0E24D5CE48FD40F9C6" authority="(Owen, 1846)" baseAuthorityName="Owen" baseAuthorityYear="1846" box="[444,744,1643,1660]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="latidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E24D5CE48FDDAF9C6" box="[444,626,1643,1660]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Homotherium latidens</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493371C0E2715CE48FD4BF9C6" author="Owen" bookContentInfo="560 p." box="[636,739,1643,1660]" firstAuthor="Owen" journalOrPublisher="Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" refId="ref7089" refString="mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" title="mental and paleoecological implications" type="book chapter" year="1846">Owen,1846</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E2787CE48FD53F9C6" bold="true" box="[750,763,1643,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">A</emphasis>
|
||
, DFN3-152 from Dafnero-3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E268ECE48FC5CF9C6" bold="true" box="[999,1012,1643,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">B</emphasis>
|
||
, MNHN.F.PET2000 (cast);
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E21BBCE48FB48F9C6" bold="true" box="[1234,1248,1643,1660]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">C</emphasis>
|
||
, Perrier (France), Senèze (France), FSL-210 991 (cast);
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E2413CEA2FE20F928" bold="true" box="[378,392,1665,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">D</emphasis>
|
||
, IN-I 929 from Incarcal (Spain). Views:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E27A5CEA2FD7EF928" bold="true" box="[716,726,1665,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">1</emphasis>
|
||
, lateral;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E2674CEA2FC8FF928" bold="true" box="[797,807,1665,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">2</emphasis>
|
||
, dorsal;
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E2619CEA2FCD2F928" bold="true" box="[880,890,1665,1682]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">3</emphasis>
|
||
, ventral. Scale bar:
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E2149CEA2FB98F928" box="[1056,1072,1665,1682]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">c.</emphasis>
|
||
10 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593371C0E25F2CEF7FB06F814" blockId="6.[132,775,1748,2030]" lastBlockId="6.[813,1455,1748,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
The right orbit is better preserved and not deformed; it is rounded, with its anterior margin above the distal end of the carnassial. The infraorbital foramen is very large (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093371C0E27C4CF37FCABF894" box="[685,771,1812,1838]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846),Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece,middle Villafranchian,cranium DFN3-152,in: A, left lateral;B, right lateral;C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827751/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Fig. 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4032E93371C0E25EDCF10FF7BF8F4" box="[132,211,1843,1870]" captionStart="TABLE" captionStartId="5.[133,144,219,236]" captionText="TABLE 1. — Cranial measurements of Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846) from various Eurasian localities. Data sources: Theilhard de Chardin (1936), Ballesio (1963), Bonis (1976) and Galobart et al. (2003). *, measurements taken from the casts." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39661D93341C0D25ECC8F8FCF9FEB9" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" tableUuid="DF39661D93341C0D25ECC8F8FCF9FEB9">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Its anterior margin is situated above the mesial part of the P3, while the posterior margin is above the parastyle of the carnassial. The zygomatic arches are small, relatively low and close to the braincase, starting just behind the distal end of the carnassial and directed slightly externally to connect with the glenoid fossa. The frontals are compressed and deformed; however, the groove between them and its continuity with the nasals is clearly distinguished. The sagittal crest is poorly preserved but based on its remnants seems to be thick and high. Although the development of the sagittal crest varies in the known material of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693371C0E21D8CF70FAECF8D7" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[1201,1348,1875,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="6" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E21D8CF70FAECF8D7" box="[1201,1348,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a result of sexual dimorphism (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493371C0E214DCF50FB52F837" author="Galobart" box="[1060,1274,1907,1933]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="6" pageNumber="143" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Galobart
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793371C0E21E3CF57FB15F837" box="[1162,1213,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2003
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), it is impossible to determine the sex of DFN3-152.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593371C0E262ACF90FA07F857" blockId="6.[813,1455,1748,2030]" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">
|
||
The palate is elongated, wide and bears two strong crests running mesio-distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093371C0E2155CFF0FB3EF854" box="[1084,1174,2003,2030]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846),Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece,middle Villafranchian,cranium DFN3-152,in: A, left lateral;B, right lateral;C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827751/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="143">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). The choanae are poorly
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF39661D93361C0F25EDCCEDFB08FB4F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827759" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3827759" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827759/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" startId="7.[132,143,1230,1247]" targetBox="[250,1341,232,1170]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F25EDCCEDFB08FB4F" blockId="7.[132,1455,1230,1269]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<subScript id="17C234D093361C0F25EDCCEDFF35FB65" attach="left" box="[132,157,1230,1247]" fontSize="5" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">FIG</subScript>
|
||
. 4. — Scatter diagram comparing the upper canine dimensions of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693361C0F27A8CCEDFC0CFB65" authority="Fabrini, 1890" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[705,932,1230,1247]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F27A8CCEDFC9BFB65" box="[705,819,1230,1247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F2651CCEDFC0CFB65" author="Fabrini" box="[824,932,1230,1247]" firstAuthor="Fabrini" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref6775" refString="FABRINI E. 1890. - Machairodus (Megantereon) del Val d'Arno MOL D., LOGCHEM W. M. S. VAN, HOOIJDONK K. VAN & BAKKER superiore. Bolletino Reale Committee Geologica Italiana 1: 121 - R. 2008. - The Saber-Toothed Cat of the North Sea. DrukWare, 144 (https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 53556172) and Norg, 160 p." type="book" year="1890">Fabrini, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F26A5CCEDFB92FB65" box="[972,1082,1230,1247]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Megantereon</emphasis>
|
||
Croizet & Jobert, 1828 from various Eurasian localities. Data sources:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F2439CCC7FE1FFB4F" author="Bonis" box="[336,439,1252,1269]" firstAuthor="Bonis" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" pagination="159 - 198" refId="ref6466" refString="BONIS L. DE 1976. - Un Felide a longues canines de la colline de KOUFOS G. D. & KOSTOPOULOS D. S. 2016. - The Plio-Pleistocene Perrier (Puy-de-Dome). Annales de Paleontologie 62: 159 - 198. large mammal record of Greece: Implications for early Human" type="journal article" year="1976">Bonis (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F24ABCCC7FD9DFB4F" author="Koufos" bookContentInfo="2 p." box="[450,565,1252,1269]" firstAuthor="Koufos" journalOrPublisher="The Pleistocene carnivores of the Mygdonia" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" refId="ref6062" refString="New Data from classic and Innovative Approaches, in 15 th International Congress of the Geological Society of Greece, 2 p. KOUFOS G. D. 1992. - The Pleistocene carnivores of the Mygdonia" title="New Data from classic and Innovative Approaches" type="book" volumeTitle="15 th International Congress of the Geological Society of Greece" year="1992">Koufos (1992)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F2729CCC7FD45FB4F" author="Galobart" box="[576,749,1252,1269]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Galobart" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" pagination="99 - 141" refId="ref7089" refString="GALOBART A., PONS- MOYA J., ANTON M. & MAROTO J. 2003. - mental and paleoecological implications. Quaternary Geochro- Descripcion del material de Homotherium latidens (Owen) de los nology 21: 2 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1016 / j. quageo. 2012.12.006 yacimentos del Pleistoceno inferior de Incarcal (Girona, NE de OWEN R. 1846. - A History of British Mammals and Birds. John van la Penisula Iberica). Paleontologia i Evolucio 34: 99 - 141. Voorst, London, 560 p. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13248" type="book chapter" year="2003">
|
||
Galobart
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F27E4CCC7FD1FFB4F" box="[653,695,1252,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2003)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F2791CCC7FC07FB4F" author="Palmqvist" box="[760,943,1252,1269]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Palmqvist" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" pagination="160 - 175" refId="ref7618" refString="PALMQVIST P., TORREGROSSA V., PEREZ- CLAROS J. A., MARTINEZ- NA- VARRO B. & TURNER A. 2007. - A re-evaluation of the diversity of Megantereon (Mammalia, Carnivora, Machairodontinae) and the problem of species identification in extinct carnivores. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 27 (1): 160 - 175. https: // doi. org / cfc 688" type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Palmqvist
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F2626CCC7FCD1FB4F" box="[847,889,1252,1269]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2007)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F26B3CCC7FB32FB4F" author="Sardella & Iurino" box="[986,1178,1252,1269]" firstAuthor="Sardella" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" pagination="15 - 22" refId="ref7916" refString="SARDELLA R. & IURINO D. A. 2012. - The latest early Pleistocene saber-toothed cat Homotherium (Felidae, Mammalia) from Monte Peglia (Umbria, central Italy). Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 51 (1): 15 - 22." type="journal article" year="2012">Sardella & Iurino (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F25EDCD76FE29F9D4" blockId="7.[132,775,1365,1646]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">preserved, deep and their anterior margin is situated behind the distal end of the carnassials. The mandibular fossa is long, with strong retroarticular process. The retroarticular foramen is situated in a large and deep fossa between the mandibular fossa and the tympanic bulla. The right part of the occipital is well preserved, having a rounded shape with strong nuchal and external occipital crests; the distal margin of the occipital bone does not exceed the level of the occipital condyles.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F25EDCEB6FF46F914" blockId="7.[132,775,1685,2030]" box="[132,238,1685,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F25EDCEB6FF46F914" box="[132,238,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Dentition</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F25EDCE97FA18F9D5" blockId="7.[132,775,1685,2030]" lastBlockId="7.[813,1456,1365,1647]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
The third incisors are worn and partially broken (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093361C0F27C8CE97FD51F975" box="[673,761,1716,1743]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846),Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece,middle Villafranchian,cranium DFN3-152,in: A, left lateral;B, right lateral;C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827751/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Fig. 1D</figureCitation>
|
||
). They are large, canine-like, slightly inclined distally, with almost rounded occlusal outline, and bear a small lingual cusp. The canine is well preserved, long, narrow, sharp, inclined distally, like a double-edged knife. Although the wear is advanced, clear serration can be distinguished on its mesial and distal borders, like in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693361C0F2762CF50FD0AF837" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[523,674,1907,1933]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F2762CF50FD0AF837" box="[523,674,1907,1933]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093361C0F27D8CF50FF3FF814" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="4.[132,143,1985,2002]" captionTargetBox="[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[227,1361,215,1878]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIG. 1. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846),Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece,middle Villafranchian,cranium DFN3-152,in: A, left lateral;B, right lateral;C, dorsal; D, ventral; E, detailed canine views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827751" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827751/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Fig. 1E, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). The canine is strongly compressed laterally; the breadth/ length index is 42. The root is very strong and elongated, running parallel to the margin of the nasal cavity to the end of the nasal bone. There is no trace of the P2, while there is a clear alveolus for the P3; its dimensions are 10.5 ×
|
||
<quantity id="4CBE9B7093361C0F2612CDB6FC7FFA0A" box="[891,983,1429,1456]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.1" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" unit="mm" value="5.1">5.1 mm</quantity>
|
||
. The P4 is damaged and only the paracone and the worn metacone are preserved. The carnassial is elongated and relatively narrow. Although it is damaged there is evidence of a pre-parastyle, and the paracone is strong and high. There is no apparent protocone but as the tooth is very worn the presence of a small one as in all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693361C0F2644CE77FC6BF9D4" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[813,963,1620,1646]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F2644CE77FC6BF9D4" box="[813,963,1620,1646]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but totally worn down, cannot be ruled out.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F2644CEB6FC39F914" blockId="7.[813,1455,1685,2029]" box="[813,913,1685,1710]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F2644CEB6FC39F914" box="[813,913,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Humerus</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF9369593361C0F2644CE97FB9FF857" blockId="7.[813,1455,1685,2029]" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">
|
||
The humerus DFN3-153 is complete but the epiphyses are badly preserved (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A1093361C0F2172CEF7FBF7F954" box="[1051,1119,1748,1774]" captionStart="FIG" captionStartId="5.[132,143,1526,1543]" captionTargetBox="[132,774,718,1483]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[132,774,718,1483]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIG. 2. — Homotherium latidens (Owen, 1846), Dafnero 3, Macedonia Greece, middle Villafranchian,humerus DFN3-153 in:A, anterior;B, posterior;C, lateral; D, medial views. Scale bar: 5 cm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3827753" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3827753/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
). The articular surface of the humerus caput is flattened, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693361C0F21FDCED7FA83F8B4" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[1172,1323,1780,1806]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F21FDCED7FA83F8B4" box="[1172,1323,1780,1806]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Incarcal (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFD74B6493361C0F2634CF37FB8DF894" author="Anton" box="[861,1061,1811,1838]" etAl="et al." firstAuthor="Anton" pageId="7" pageNumber="144" pagination="179 - 190" refId="ref5790" refString="ANTON M., GALOBART A. & TURNER A. 2005. - Co-existence of of Greece. Quaternaire, hors serie, 2: 179 - 190." type="journal article" year="2005">
|
||
Anton
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F26C4CF37FC4CF894" box="[941,996,1812,1838]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2005
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The major tubercle is well developed, and the articular head is wide and projected, like in the Incarcal
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D1693361C0F26D7CF70FBF0F8D7" authorityName="Fabrini" authorityYear="1890" box="[958,1112,1875,1901]" class="Mammalia" family="Felidae" genus="Homotherium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Carnivora" pageId="7" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EA8793361C0F26D7CF70FBF0F8D7" box="[958,1112,1875,1901]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="144">Homotherium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
material. The intertubercular groove is wide. The diaphysis is long and straight; the deltoid ridge is strong and is not projected laterally. The distal epiphysis is wide and bears a large trochlea, and the olecranon fossa is deep.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |