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<document id="7226BF9CFC947CBABA197490E2956416" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13190185" ID-ISSN="1842-371x" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13190185" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1722618224070" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Săsăran, Liana, Săsăran, Emanoil &amp; Bucur, Ioan I." docDate="2018" docId="03EE87ECFFA8FFBF44DBD10BBCB38068" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolRom.14.1.3-20.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae 14 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:39F84A4C616F31A5F2BF64F2057DC7B5.4:ActaPalaeontolRom.2012-2018.journal_article" docStyleId="39F84A4C616F31A5F2BF64F2057DC7B5" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolRom.2012-2018.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Praeradiolites subtoucasi Toucas 1907" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="12" masterDocId="FFD7FF94FFA0FFB6444CD629BD6D831E" masterDocTitle="Upper Cretaceous Rudist-Bearing Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate And - Volcanoclastic Deposits From Strâmturii Valley, Borod Basin, Northern Apuseni Mountains: Description, Microfacies And Depositional Environments" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="3" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1722671406275" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="3B81C985C4674508D0DF8979C8909FCC">Upper Cretaceous Rudist-Bearing Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate And - Volcanoclastic Deposits From Strâmturii Valley, Borod Basin, Northern Apuseni Mountains: Description, Microfacies And Depositional Environments</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B018CCBAC1A8B0A9A7FF887418693362">Săsăran, Liana</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="7C6BC67293625751C56E85EF15FBDB83">Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; liana. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; * Corresponding author: emanoil. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; ioan. bucur @ ubbcluj. ro</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5450B202A113E3A4D5E4E049AAF0F978">Săsăran, Emanoil</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="CEAA502CE94DFD8E782F900B8AEE002F">Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; liana. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; * Corresponding author: emanoil. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; ioan. bucur @ ubbcluj. ro</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="8E56C6893B8BD1EEFEB4C5E1801A3383">Bucur, Ioan I.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="52790918F4E0A53E8739C945BCB8444C">Babeş-Bolyai University, Department of Geology and Center for Integrated Geological Studies, 1 Mihail Kogălniceanu Street, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; liana. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; * Corresponding author: emanoil. sasaran @ ubbcluj. ro; ioan. bucur @ ubbcluj. ro</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="D481F23BDB6E48BF36962C218510024C">Acta Palaeontologica Romaniae</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="0DB2AC27760D7C18FB1E9DB7C3A45CBC">2018</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="38DDE0332A7CC9F702DD0A96086D32C1">14</mods:number>
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<treatment id="03EE87ECFFA8FFBF44DBD10BBCB38068" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190030" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13190030" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EE87ECFFA8FFBF44DBD10BBCB38068" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EE87ECFFA8FFBF44DBD10BBCB38068" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="C35D6571FFA8FFBE44DBD10BBF258424" box="[151,584,1826,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE44DBD10BBF258424" blockId="8.[151,771,1764,2064]" box="[151,584,1826,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="D0B08196FFA8FFBE44DBD10BBF258424" box="[151,584,1826,1850]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" reason="5">
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE44DBD10BBF258424" authority="Toucas, 1907" authorityName="Toucas" authorityYear="1907" box="[151,584,1826,1850]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE44DBD10BBF258424" bold="true" box="[151,584,1826,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE44DBD10BBCC08424" bold="true" box="[151,429,1826,1850]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA8FFBE45F8D10BBF258424" author="Toucas, A." box="[436,584,1826,1850]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref14086" refString="Toucas, A., 1907. Etudes sur la classification et l'evolution des radiolitides: Agria &amp; Praeradiolites. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France, Paleontologie, 36 (14): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1907">Toucas, 1907</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D6571FFA8FFBF44DBD169BCB38068" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE44DBD169BC688446" blockId="8.[151,771,1764,2064]" box="[151,261,1856,1880]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
<figureCitation id="137C2A7FFFA8FFBE44DBD169BDB88446" box="[151,213,1856,1880]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[200,235,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[200,1420,165,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[200,1433,156,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7 a, b Bournonia excavata d'Orbigny, 1847, (inventory no. 24078 BBU-MPS =no.1246 sample field); a transverse section through RV close to the commissure, showing the myocardinal elements: anterior and posterior tooth and myophores (am, pm) of the opposite valve; b view of flat posteroventral side of RV; c Gorjanovicia endrissi (Böhm)(24079 BBU-MPS) – transverse section of RV showing compact layer, concave ventral band (Vb); Ib- narrow and wide Pb with 3 fine rounded costae; d, e Praeradiolites subtoucasi (Toucas): d transverse section through RV (24080-BBU-MPS), unknown commissure. The outer shell layer from ventral side is eroded thus the radial bands are missing. e transverse section on other specimen (24081-BBU- MPS) having outer shell layer partially broken but preserve the myocardinal apparatus. f, g Radiolites squamosus (d'Orbigny): f specimen with both valves showing convex LV, very eroded and the ornamentations of RV consist in dense growth lamellae (sample no. 24082 BBU-MPS); g ventral side of RV of the same specimen showing radial bands (Vb and Pb) with folds upward to commissure and the narrow interband (Ib). h-i Radiolites nouleti (Bayle)(sample no. 24083 BBU-MPS): h large conical RV, thick-shelled, with dense folded growth lamellae, slightly ondulated in large interband (Ib); i transverse section in RVof the same specimen, showing thick cellular outer shell layer, ligamental ridge and accessory cavities. j, k Sphaerulites boreaui (Toucas)(sample no. 24084 BBU-MPS), j specimen with both valves, top view, showing LV, thin and smaller than lower valve and large RV with expanded, sub-horizontal growth lamellae; k transverse section through RV, showing thickness of cellular" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13190199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
d-e.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE44DBD176BD96848B" blockId="8.[151,771,1764,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1907
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4498D177BC8B8468" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[212,486,1886,1910]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4498D177BC8B8468" box="[212,486,1886,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2005793FFA8FFBE45A1D176BF4D8468" box="[493,544,1887,1910]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4653D176BF458468" box="[543,552,1887,1910]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">-</emphasis>
Toucas, p. 31, pl. 3, figs. 8, 9.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE44DBD1B5BCEA84CD" blockId="8.[151,771,1764,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1954
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4499D1B5BC8484AA" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[213,489,1948,1972]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4499D1B5BC8484AA" box="[213,489,1948,1972]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Astre, p. 61, 76- 77, 83, pl. 6, figs. 1, 2.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE44DBD1F0BDAA8B0E" blockId="8.[151,771,1764,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1962
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4499D1F0BF6684EF" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[213,523,2009,2033]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4499D1F0BC0284EF" box="[213,367,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE45D5D1F0BF6684EF" box="[409,523,2009,2033]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Astre, p. 306, 308.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD256B90887AB" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1965
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473FD256B9E08789" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[883,1165,1151,1175]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473FD256B9E08789" box="[883,1165,1151,1175]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Pamouktchiev, p. 37, pl. 4, fig. 1, text-fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD295B90A87ED" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1976
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4722D295B9EF87CA" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[878,1154,1212,1236]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4722D295B9EF87CA" box="[878,1154,1212,1236]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Lupu, p. 126, pl. 17, figs. 4,5a-b, pl. 39, fig. 6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD2D0BEA9862E" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1977
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473DD2D0B9EA860F" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[881,1159,1273,1297]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473DD2D0B9EA860F" box="[881,1159,1273,1297]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Pons, p. 69, pl. 50, figs. 1a-d.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD31FB8258673" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1992
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473DD31FB9E58650" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[881,1160,1334,1358]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473DD31FB9E58650" box="[881,1160,1334,1358]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Vicens, p. 201, pl. 75, figs. 1-15, pl. 76, figs. 3-4, pl. 79, figs. 1-5.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD35DB90186B5" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1995
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4739D35DB9D68692" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[885,1211,1396,1420]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" isUncertain="true" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4739D35DB9628692" box="[885,1039,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites</emphasis>
cf.
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4005D35DB9D68692" box="[1097,1211,1396,1420]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Morris &amp; Skelton, p. 292, pl.6, figs.3,4.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD398B98686F6" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
1999
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473ED398B9E486D7" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[882,1161,1457,1481]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473ED398B9E486D7" box="[882,1161,1457,1481]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Fenerci, p. 90- 94, text-figs. 3.28, 3.29, pl. VII, figs. 1-7.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD3C7BEA0853B" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
2004
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473ED3C7B9E78518" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[882,1162,1518,1542]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473ED3C7B9E78518" box="[882,1162,1518,1542]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Fenerci, p. 93, pl. 1, figs. 1-6.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD005B935857D" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
2006
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE4721D005B9ED855A" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[877,1152,1580,1604]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE4721D005B9ED855A" box="[877,1152,1580,1604]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Pons and Vicens, p. 15-16, fig. 13F, fig. 14G.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD040BEA985BE" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
2012
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473FD040B9E6859F" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[883,1163,1641,1665]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473FD040B9E6859F" box="[883,1163,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Pons et al., p. 690, fig. 11B.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD08EB98F85C3" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
2013
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA8FFBE473FD08FB9E685A0" authorityName="Săsăran &amp; Săsăran &amp; Bucur" authorityYear="2018" box="[883,1163,1702,1726]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA8FFBE473FD08FB9E685A0" box="[883,1163,1702,1726]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Toucas- Özer et al., p. 35-36, pl. II, figs. A-F; pl. III, figs. A-H.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBE477DD0CDBEDB8405" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Material: two lower valves (samples nos.24080, 24081 BBU-MPS).</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA8FFBF477DD108BF1C82D7" blockId="8.[817,1437,1151,2064]" lastBlockId="9.[151,771,157,886]" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="12" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">
Description: The shape of RV is conical to cylindrical in both specimens, having 38 and
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in length and its surface is ornamented with horizontal growth lines. Diameter of RV near to the commissure is
<quantity id="4CBF9B1FFFA8FFBE40B4D154B82B848B" box="[1272,1350,1917,1941]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="30.0">30 mm</quantity>
(24081 BBU-MPS) and
<quantity id="4CBF9B1FFFA8FFBE47AAD1B5B95F84AA" box="[998,1074,1948,1972]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="35.0">35 mm</quantity>
(24080 BBU-MPS) with an oval contour in transverse sections (
<figureCitation id="137C2A7FFFA8FFBE4031D192B98A84CD" box="[1149,1255,1979,2003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[200,235,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[200,1420,165,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[200,1433,156,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7 a, b Bournonia excavata d'Orbigny, 1847, (inventory no. 24078 BBU-MPS =no.1246 sample field); a transverse section through RV close to the commissure, showing the myocardinal elements: anterior and posterior tooth and myophores (am, pm) of the opposite valve; b view of flat posteroventral side of RV; c Gorjanovicia endrissi (Böhm)(24079 BBU-MPS) – transverse section of RV showing compact layer, concave ventral band (Vb); Ib- narrow and wide Pb with 3 fine rounded costae; d, e Praeradiolites subtoucasi (Toucas): d transverse section through RV (24080-BBU-MPS), unknown commissure. The outer shell layer from ventral side is eroded thus the radial bands are missing. e transverse section on other specimen (24081-BBU- MPS) having outer shell layer partially broken but preserve the myocardinal apparatus. f, g Radiolites squamosus (d'Orbigny): f specimen with both valves showing convex LV, very eroded and the ornamentations of RV consist in dense growth lamellae (sample no. 24082 BBU-MPS); g ventral side of RV of the same specimen showing radial bands (Vb and Pb) with folds upward to commissure and the narrow interband (Ib). h-i Radiolites nouleti (Bayle)(sample no. 24083 BBU-MPS): h large conical RV, thick-shelled, with dense folded growth lamellae, slightly ondulated in large interband (Ib); i transverse section in RVof the same specimen, showing thick cellular outer shell layer, ligamental ridge and accessory cavities. j, k Sphaerulites boreaui (Toucas)(sample no. 24084 BBU-MPS), j specimen with both valves, top view, showing LV, thin and smaller than lower valve and large RV with expanded, sub-horizontal growth lamellae; k transverse section through RV, showing thickness of cellular" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13190199/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="11">Fig. 7d, e</figureCitation>
). The outer shell layer is generally thin, ranging from
<quantity id="4CBF9B1FFFA8FFBE408CD1F0B85D84EF" box="[1216,1328,2009,2033]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="11" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3 to 8 mm</quantity>
thickness on the dorsal side, were cellular structures alternate with thin calcitic compact layers. In ventral side of both RVs the outer shell layer is very eroded and the radial bands (Vb and Pb) are represented by two longitudinal grooves that show approximately the same width (
<figureCitation id="137C2A7FFFA9FFBF4616D6D0BFA8820F" box="[602,709,249,273]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[200,235,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[200,1420,165,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[200,1433,156,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7 a, b Bournonia excavata d'Orbigny, 1847, (inventory no. 24078 BBU-MPS =no.1246 sample field); a transverse section through RV close to the commissure, showing the myocardinal elements: anterior and posterior tooth and myophores (am, pm) of the opposite valve; b view of flat posteroventral side of RV; c Gorjanovicia endrissi (Böhm)(24079 BBU-MPS) – transverse section of RV showing compact layer, concave ventral band (Vb); Ib- narrow and wide Pb with 3 fine rounded costae; d, e Praeradiolites subtoucasi (Toucas): d transverse section through RV (24080-BBU-MPS), unknown commissure. The outer shell layer from ventral side is eroded thus the radial bands are missing. e transverse section on other specimen (24081-BBU- MPS) having outer shell layer partially broken but preserve the myocardinal apparatus. f, g Radiolites squamosus (d'Orbigny): f specimen with both valves showing convex LV, very eroded and the ornamentations of RV consist in dense growth lamellae (sample no. 24082 BBU-MPS); g ventral side of RV of the same specimen showing radial bands (Vb and Pb) with folds upward to commissure and the narrow interband (Ib). h-i Radiolites nouleti (Bayle)(sample no. 24083 BBU-MPS): h large conical RV, thick-shelled, with dense folded growth lamellae, slightly ondulated in large interband (Ib); i transverse section in RVof the same specimen, showing thick cellular outer shell layer, ligamental ridge and accessory cavities. j, k Sphaerulites boreaui (Toucas)(sample no. 24084 BBU-MPS), j specimen with both valves, top view, showing LV, thin and smaller than lower valve and large RV with expanded, sub-horizontal growth lamellae; k transverse section through RV, showing thickness of cellular" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13190199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7d, e</figureCitation>
). The Ib is represented by longitudinal costae and has a width ranges from
<quantity id="4CBF9B1FFFA9FFBF456DD71FBCFA8250" box="[289,407,310,334]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="4.0">4 to 7 mm</quantity>
. The ligamental ridge (L) is long (5 respectively
<quantity id="4CBF9B1FFFA9FFBF450CD77CBCEF8273" box="[320,386,341,365]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
) has a thin stem and is rounded at its extremity (
<figureCitation id="137C2A7FFFA9FFBF457ED75ABCCC8295" box="[306,417,371,395]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[200,235,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[200,1420,165,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[200,1433,156,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7 a, b Bournonia excavata d'Orbigny, 1847, (inventory no. 24078 BBU-MPS =no.1246 sample field); a transverse section through RV close to the commissure, showing the myocardinal elements: anterior and posterior tooth and myophores (am, pm) of the opposite valve; b view of flat posteroventral side of RV; c Gorjanovicia endrissi (Böhm)(24079 BBU-MPS) – transverse section of RV showing compact layer, concave ventral band (Vb); Ib- narrow and wide Pb with 3 fine rounded costae; d, e Praeradiolites subtoucasi (Toucas): d transverse section through RV (24080-BBU-MPS), unknown commissure. The outer shell layer from ventral side is eroded thus the radial bands are missing. e transverse section on other specimen (24081-BBU- MPS) having outer shell layer partially broken but preserve the myocardinal apparatus. f, g Radiolites squamosus (d'Orbigny): f specimen with both valves showing convex LV, very eroded and the ornamentations of RV consist in dense growth lamellae (sample no. 24082 BBU-MPS); g ventral side of RV of the same specimen showing radial bands (Vb and Pb) with folds upward to commissure and the narrow interband (Ib). h-i Radiolites nouleti (Bayle)(sample no. 24083 BBU-MPS): h large conical RV, thick-shelled, with dense folded growth lamellae, slightly ondulated in large interband (Ib); i transverse section in RVof the same specimen, showing thick cellular outer shell layer, ligamental ridge and accessory cavities. j, k Sphaerulites boreaui (Toucas)(sample no. 24084 BBU-MPS), j specimen with both valves, top view, showing LV, thin and smaller than lower valve and large RV with expanded, sub-horizontal growth lamellae; k transverse section through RV, showing thickness of cellular" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13190199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7d, e</figureCitation>
). The cardinal apparatus is preserved showing the teeth (at and pt) and the posterior (pm) and anterior myophores (am) (
<figureCitation id="137C2A7FFFA9FFBF465AD798BF0982D7" box="[534,612,433,457]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="10.[200,235,1673,1694]" captionTargetBox="[200,1420,165,1656]" captionTargetId="figure-19@10.[200,1433,156,1667]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="Fig. 7 a, b Bournonia excavata d'Orbigny, 1847, (inventory no. 24078 BBU-MPS =no.1246 sample field); a transverse section through RV close to the commissure, showing the myocardinal elements: anterior and posterior tooth and myophores (am, pm) of the opposite valve; b view of flat posteroventral side of RV; c Gorjanovicia endrissi (Böhm)(24079 BBU-MPS) – transverse section of RV showing compact layer, concave ventral band (Vb); Ib- narrow and wide Pb with 3 fine rounded costae; d, e Praeradiolites subtoucasi (Toucas): d transverse section through RV (24080-BBU-MPS), unknown commissure. The outer shell layer from ventral side is eroded thus the radial bands are missing. e transverse section on other specimen (24081-BBU- MPS) having outer shell layer partially broken but preserve the myocardinal apparatus. f, g Radiolites squamosus (d'Orbigny): f specimen with both valves showing convex LV, very eroded and the ornamentations of RV consist in dense growth lamellae (sample no. 24082 BBU-MPS); g ventral side of RV of the same specimen showing radial bands (Vb and Pb) with folds upward to commissure and the narrow interband (Ib). h-i Radiolites nouleti (Bayle)(sample no. 24083 BBU-MPS): h large conical RV, thick-shelled, with dense folded growth lamellae, slightly ondulated in large interband (Ib); i transverse section in RVof the same specimen, showing thick cellular outer shell layer, ligamental ridge and accessory cavities. j, k Sphaerulites boreaui (Toucas)(sample no. 24084 BBU-MPS), j specimen with both valves, top view, showing LV, thin and smaller than lower valve and large RV with expanded, sub-horizontal growth lamellae; k transverse section through RV, showing thickness of cellular" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13190199" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13190199/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Fig. 7e</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA9FFBF44DBD7F9BFC781A0" blockId="9.[151,771,157,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">
Discussion and remarks:
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF45E5D7F9BF2E82F6" author="Vicens, E." box="[425,579,464,488]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="119 - 161" refId="ref14203" refString="Vicens, E., 1992. Intraspecific variability in Hippuritidae in the southern Pyrenees, Spain: Taxonomic implications. Geologica Romana, 28: 119 - 161." type="journal article" year="1992">Vicens (1992)</bibRefCitation>
designated
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF468AD7F8BF188118" authority="(Munier-Chalmas, 1888)" baseAuthorityName="Munier-Chalmas" baseAuthorityYear="1888" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF468AD7F8BC1C8118" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Praeradiolites aristidis (</emphasis>
Munier-Chalmas, 1888)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF46E3D7C6BF67813B" authority="(Astre, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Astre" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="echennensis">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF46E3D7C6BCEC813B" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Praeradiolites echennensis (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF45CED424BF6F813B" author="Astre, G." box="[386,514,525,549]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref9925" refString="Astre, G., 1954. Radiolitides nord-pyreneens. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France, 71: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1954">Astre, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
as synonyms of
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF468AD427BF51815D" authority="(Toucas, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Toucas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF468AD427BC13815D" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Praeradiolites subtoucasi</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF45DAD402BF59815D" author="Toucas, A." box="[406,564,555,579]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 46" refId="ref14086" refString="Toucas, A., 1907. Etudes sur la classification et l'evolution des radiolitides: Agria &amp; Praeradiolites. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France, Paleontologie, 36 (14): 1 - 46." type="journal article" year="1907">Toucas, 1907</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. Instead,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF46FDD402BDB2817C" author="Steuber, T." pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 229" refId="ref13521" refString="Steuber, T., 1999. Cretaceous rudists of Boeotia (Central Greece). Special Paper in Palaeontology, 61: 1 - 229." type="journal article" year="1999">Steuber (1999)</bibRefCitation>
described from
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF45D5D463BC88817C" box="[409,485,586,610]" name="Greece" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Greece</collectingCountry>
species of
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF4625D463BCDC819F" authority="(Astre, 1954)" baseAuthorityName="Astre" baseAuthorityYear="1954" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="echennensis">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF4625D463BC44819F" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Praeradiolites echennensis (</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF4565D440BCC4819F" author="Astre, G." box="[297,425,617,641]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 140" refId="ref9925" refString="Astre, G., 1954. Radiolitides nord-pyreneens. Memoires de la Societe geologique de France, 71: 1 - 140." type="journal article" year="1954">Astre, 1954</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
that can be distinguished from the other two species (
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF45C7D4A0BF6F81BE" baseAuthorityName="Munier-Chalmas" baseAuthorityYear="1888" box="[395,514,648,672]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="aristidis">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF45C7D4A0BF6F81BE" box="[395,514,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">P. aristidis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF4674D4A0BFA581BE" baseAuthorityName="Toucas" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[568,712,648,672]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="subtoucasi">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF4674D4A0BFA581BE" box="[568,712,648,672]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">P. subtoucasi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) therefore considered
<taxonomicName id="4C474D79FFA9FFBF4514D48EBC9881A0" baseAuthorityName="Astre" baseAuthorityYear="1954" box="[344,501,678,702]" class="Bivalvia" family="Radiolitidae" genus="Praeradiolites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hippuritida" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="echennensis">
<emphasis id="B933EAE8FFA9FFBF4514D48EBC9881A0" box="[344,501,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">P. echennensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as valid species.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836FAFFA9FFBF44DBD4ECBCB38068" blockId="9.[151,771,157,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">
Age and distribution: late Santonian-early Campanian in
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF44DBD4CDBDB281E5" box="[151,223,740,763]" name="France" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">France</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF44BAD4CABCED81E5" author="Astre, G." box="[246,384,739,763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="303 - 310" refId="ref9949" refString="Astre, G., 1962. Radiolitides sud-pyreneens de Coustouges. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire naturelle de Toulouse, 97: 303 - 310." type="journal article" year="1962">Astre, 1962</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF45D7D4CABCBA81E5" box="[411,471,739,763]" name="Spain" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Spain</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF45A1D4CABFEA81E5" author="Vicens, E." box="[493,647,739,763]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="119 - 161" refId="ref14203" refString="Vicens, E., 1992. Intraspecific variability in Hippuritidae in the southern Pyrenees, Spain: Taxonomic implications. Geologica Romana, 28: 119 - 161." type="journal article" year="1992">Vicens, 1992</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF46EFD4CABE6E81E5" box="[675,771,739,763]" name="Romania" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Romania</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF44D2D52BBC738004" author="Lupu, D." box="[158,286,770,794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="83 - 152" refId="ref11371" refString="Lupu, D. 1976. Contribution a l'etude des rudistes senoniens des Monts Apuseni. Memoires de l'Institut de Geologie et Geophisique Bucharest 24: 83 - 152." type="journal article" year="1976">Lupu, 1976</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF4565D52BBC938004" author="Sasaran, L. &amp; Sasaran, E. &amp; Bucur, I. I." box="[297,510,770,794]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="101 - 108" refId="ref12999" refString="Sasaran, L., Sasaran, E., Bucur, I. I., 2010. Paleoenvironmental setting of rudists in the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) deposits from Valea Neagra de Cris (Borod Basin) Northern Apuseni Mts, Romania. Scientific Annals, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Proceedings of the XIX CBGA Congress, Thessaloniki, Greece, Special volum 99: 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="2010">Săsăran et al., 2010</bibRefCitation>
); Maastrichtian in
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF4689D52BBDDF8027" name="Croatia" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Croatia</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF448DD508BCA68027" author="Gusic, I. &amp; Jelaska, V." box="[193,459,801,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="1 - 160" refId="ref11038" refString="Gusic, I. &amp; Jelaska, V., 1990. Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the island of Brac within the geodynamic evolution of the Adriatic carbonate platform. Djela Jugoslavenske Akademije Znanosti i Umjetnosti, 69: 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1990">Gušić and Jelaska, 1990</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF459BD508BFC08027" author="Steuber, T. &amp; Korbar, T. &amp; Jelaska, V. &amp; Gusic, I." box="[471,685,801,825]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="741 - 756" refId="ref13713" refString="Steuber, T., Korbar, T., Jelaska, V., Gusic, I., 2005. Strontium-isotope stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous platform carbonates of the island of Brac (Adriatic Sea, Croatia): implications for global correlation of platform evolution and biostratigraphy. Cretaceous Research, 26 (5): 741 - 756." type="journal article" year="2005">Steuber et al., 2005</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF468DD508BE6F8027" box="[705,770,801,825]" name="Oman" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Oman</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF44D2D569BCBA8046" author="Morris, N. J. &amp; Skelton, P. W." box="[158,471,832,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="277 - 305" refId="ref11660" refString="Morris, N. J. &amp; Skelton, P. W., 1995. Late Campanian - Maastrichtian rudists from the United Arab Emirates - Oman border region. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology Series, 51: 277 - 305." type="journal article" year="1995">Morris and Skelton, 1995</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF45B9D569BF2F8046" box="[501,578,832,856]" name="Turkey" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Turkey</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF4617D569BF938046" author="Fenerci, M." box="[603,766,832,856]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" refId="ref10661" refString="Fenerci, M., 1999. Biostratigraphy of rudists and foraminifers from the Hereke region (Kocaeli, Turkey). In: Hofling, R.; Steuber, T. (eds.), Fifth International Congress on Rudists - Abstracts and field trip guides, Erlanger geologische Abhandlungen, 3: 21." type="journal volume" year="1999">Fenerci, 1999</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF44DBD577BDBD8068" author="Fenerci, M." box="[151,208,862,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="89 - 111" refId="ref10719" refString="Fenerci, M., 2004. Campanian-Maastrichtian rudists from the Western Pontides (NW Turkey): new findings and their palaeogeographic significance. Cour. Forsch. - Inst. Senckenberg, 247: 89 - 111." type="journal article" year="2004">2004</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F350766AFFA9FFBF44AFD576BC638068" box="[227,270,863,886]" name="Iraq" pageId="9" pageNumber="12">Iraq</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B0BFFA9FFBF4557D577BCBF8068" author="Ozer, S. &amp; Karim, K. H. &amp; Sadiq, D. M." box="[283,466,862,886]" pageId="9" pageNumber="12" pagination="31 - 55" refId="ref11924" refString="Ozer, S., Karim, K. H., Sadiq, D. M., 2013. First determination of rudists (bivalvia) fron NE Iraq: systematic palaeontology and palaeobiogeography. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 147: 31 - 55." type="journal article" year="2013">Özer et al., 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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