330 lines
45 KiB
XML
330 lines
45 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="532BF500CD153E5B09885645125087C1">Palaeobiology of orthothecide hyoliths from the Cambrian Manto Formation of Hebei Province, North China</mods:title>
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<treatment id="03C44804FFA60C09FCBF93D52C59D83E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986484" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10986484" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C44804FFA60C09FCBF93D52C59D83E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C44804FFA60C09FCBF93D52C59D83E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<subSubSection id="C377AA99FFA60C0FFCBF93D52AB5D872" box="[808,1266,1021,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCBF93D52AB5D872" blockId="3.[808,1266,1021,1049]" box="[808,1266,1021,1049]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<heading id="D09A4E7EFFA60C0FFCBF93D52AB5D872" box="[808,1266,1021,1049]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCBF93D52AB5D872" authority="(Walcott, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[808,1266,1021,1049]" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthothecida" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="cyrene">
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCBF93D52A65D872" box="[808,1058,1021,1049]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Decoritheca cyrene</emphasis>
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(Walcott, 1905)
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377AA99FFA60C0FFCBF94012D22D855" box="[808,869,1065,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCBF94012D22D855" blockId="3.[808,869,1065,1086]" box="[808,869,1065,1086]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFCBF94012D26D855" box="[808,865,1065,1086]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C377AA99FFA60C0FFCBF94782B8ED942" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCBF94782B8ED8D2" blockId="3.[808,1482,1104,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DDE3CFFA60C0FFCBF94782B5FD80E" box="[808,1304,1104,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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1905
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCC994782A57D80E" authority="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang, 2018" authorityName="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[862,1040,1104,1125]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Orthotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrene" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCC994782A57D80E" box="[862,1040,1104,1125]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca cyrene</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A987BFFA60C0FFB8194782A23D80E" box="[1046,1124,1104,1125]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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;
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<treatmentCitation id="0ACCDF03FFA60C0FFBFB94782D1FD8EA" author="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" journal="Walcott" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1905" year="1905">
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<bibCitation id="5E47F17EFFA60C0FFBFB94782D1FD8EA" journal="Walcott" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1905" year="1905">
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Walcott 1905: 19.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DDE3CFFA60C0FFCBF94442B14D8EA" box="[808,1363,1132,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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1905
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCC994442A0CD8EA" authority="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang, 2018" authorityName="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[862,1099,1132,1153]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Orthotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cyrene" status="sp. nov." subSpecies="dryas">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCC994442A0CD8EA" box="[862,1099,1132,1153]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca cyrene dryas</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A987BFFA60C0FFBC594442AD8D8EA" box="[1106,1183,1132,1153]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
;
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||
<treatmentCitation id="0ACCDF03FFA60C0FFB3F94442D10D8F6" author="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" journal="Walcott" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1905" year="1913">
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<bibCitation id="5E47F17EFFA60C0FFB3F94442D10D8F6" journal="Walcott" page="19" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1905" year="1913">
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||
Walcott 1905: 19.
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DDE3CFFA60C0FFCBF94A02B8DD8F6" box="[808,1482,1160,1181]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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||
1913
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCCA94A02AD2D8F6" authority="Walcott, 1905" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1905" box="[861,1173,1160,1181]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Orthotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="cyrene">
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCCA94A02A4CD8F6" box="[861,1035,1160,1181]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca cyrene</emphasis>
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Walcott, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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||
; Walcott 1913: 94, pl. 5: 21, 21a.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</bibCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</bibCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7DDE3CFFA60C0FFCBF948C2B8ED8D2" box="[808,1481,1188,1209]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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||
1913
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCC9948C2A9BD8D2" authority="Walcott, 1905" authorityName="Walcott" authorityYear="1905" box="[862,1244,1188,1209]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Bignoniaceae" genus="Orthotheca" kingdom="Plantae" order="Lamiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="cyrene" subSpecies="dryas">
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCC9948C2A0BD8D2" box="[862,1100,1188,1209]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca cyrene dryas</emphasis>
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Walcott, 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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||
; Walcott 1913: 93, pl. 5:
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCCB94E82B8ED942" blockId="3.[808,1482,1104,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
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22, 22a–c. 1946
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<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCCB94F42B5ED89A" authority="(Walcott), 1905" authorityName="" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[860,1305,1244,1265]" class="Polychaeta" family="Novitatidae" genus="Hyolithes" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthothecida" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="cyrene" subGenus="Orthotheca">
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCCB94F42DFFD89A" box="[860,952,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Hyolithes</emphasis>
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||
(
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||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFC5294F42A75D89A" box="[965,1074,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFBA994F42A3AD89A" box="[1086,1149,1244,1265]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">cyrene</emphasis>
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(Walcott), 1905
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</taxonomicName>
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||
;
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||
<bibCitation id="5E47F17EFFA60C0FFAB694F42D1FD966" journal="Sinclair" page="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1946" year="1946">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA60C0FFAB694F42B81D89A" author="Sinclair, G. W." box="[1313,1478,1244,1265]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="72 - 85" refId="ref10913" refString="Sinclair, G. W. 1946. Notes on the nomenclature of Hyolithes. Journal of Paleontology 20: 72 - 85." type="journal article" year="1946">Sinclair 1946: 75</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA60C0FFCBF94D02D1FD966" author="Sinclair, G. W." box="[808,856,1272,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="72 - 85" refId="ref10913" refString="Sinclair, G. W. 1946. Notes on the nomenclature of Hyolithes. Journal of Paleontology 20: 72 - 85." type="journal article" year="1946">1946</bibRefCitation>
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||
</bibCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCC994D02B52D966" authority="(Walcott), 1905" authorityName="" authorityYear="1905" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[862,1301,1272,1293]" class="Polychaeta" genus="Hyolithes" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="dryas" subGenus="Orthotheca">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCC994D02DFDD966" box="[862,954,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Hyolithes</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFC5094D02A73D966" box="[967,1076,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Orthotheca</emphasis>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFBD594D02A30D966" box="[1090,1143,1272,1293]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">dryas</emphasis>
|
||
(Walcott), 1905
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibCitation id="5E47F17EFFA60C0FFA8994D02D1FD942" journal="Sinclair" page="75" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" score="1.97023359760351E-6" volume="1946" year="1987">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA60C0FFA8994D02B81D966" author="Sinclair, G. W." box="[1310,1478,1272,1293]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="72 - 85" refId="ref10913" refString="Sinclair, G. W. 1946. Notes on the nomenclature of Hyolithes. Journal of Paleontology 20: 72 - 85." type="journal article" year="1946">Sinclair 1946: 75</bibRefCitation>
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||
. 1987
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||
</bibCitation>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA60C0FFCF5953C2A81D942" authority="(Walcott, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[866,1222,1300,1321]" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" rank="species" species="cyrene">
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||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCF5953C2A66D942" box="[866,1057,1300,1321]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Decoritheca cyrene</emphasis>
|
||
(Walcott, 1905)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA60C0FFB43953C2B82D942" author="Malinky, J. M." box="[1236,1477,1300,1321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="942 - 959" refId="ref9626" refString="Malinky, J. M. 1987. Taxonomic revision of lower and middle Paleozoic Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America and China. Journal of Paleontology 61: 942 - 959." type="journal article" year="1987">Malinky 1987: 948–951</bibRefCitation>
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||
,
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C377AA99FFA60C09FCCB95182C59D83E" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCCB95182A7CD92E" blockId="3.[808,1482,1104,1349]" box="[860,1083,1328,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">figs. 2.4, 6.1–6.6, 6.14.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCBF95702A0AD9D9" blockId="3.[808,1483,1368,1458]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCBF95702DD5D91A" box="[808,914,1368,1393]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Material.</emphasis>
|
||
—
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B329BFFA60C0FFC3995702A86D91A" box="[942,1217,1368,1393]" count="37" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="generic">Thirty-seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
(NIGPAS 166329–35, 166337, 166338, 166341, 166344, 166349–74) preserved as internal moulds of conchs.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C0FFCBF95EB2A9CD9B7" blockId="3.[808,1243,1475,1500]" box="[808,1243,1475,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCBF95EB2DE5D9B7" box="[808,930,1475,1500]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
—See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA60C0FFC7995EB2A90D9B7" author="Malinky, J. M." box="[1006,1239,1475,1500]" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" pagination="942 - 959" refId="ref9626" refString="Malinky, J. M. 1987. Taxonomic revision of lower and middle Paleozoic Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America and China. Journal of Paleontology 61: 942 - 959." type="journal article" year="1987">Malinky (1987: 948)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA60C09FCBF95C62C35DC92" blockId="3.[808,1482,1518,1960]" lastBlockId="5.[98,770,160,249]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="92" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA60C0FFCBF95C62DF1DA6C" box="[808,950,1518,1543]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
—Conch straight with a planar (orthogonal) aperture, length of conchs ranges from 7.1–20.1 mm, and apertural width ranges from 2.9–5.5 mm. The dorsum is broadly rounded and covered with rows of tubercles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFABD96662BC6DA0C" box="[1322,1409,1614,1639]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
), with diameters of 6–10 μm. Venter developed with a prominent longitudinal median concavity, becoming shallower from aperture to apex. Sub-rounded ridges adjacent to the concavity grade into narrowly rounded lateral margins (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFAF396E62BFEDA8C" box="[1380,1465,1742,1767]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFA2E96F22B85DA80" box="[1465,1474,1754,1771]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1097,1117]" captionTargetBox="[99,1480,162,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-384@1.[99,1481,162,1071]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Aggregations of orthothecide hyoliths preserved in purplish-red shales from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166336. B. NIGPAS 166345. C. NIGPAS 166334. D. NIGPAS 166341b. E. NIGPAS 166346. Scale bars 5 mm, except E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980885/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA60C0FFA2E96F22B85DA80" attach="left" box="[1465,1474,1754,1771]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, B
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFCAD96D22D03DB60" box="[826,836,1786,1803]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA60C0FFCAD96D22D03DB60" attach="left" box="[826,836,1786,1803]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">3</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
, D, F, H) and lateral margins are straight in dorsal view. Ventral external surface is covered with closely spaced transverse lines (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFC6F97072A14DB23" box="[1016,1107,1839,1864]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFBC497122A1BDB20" box="[1107,1116,1850,1867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[151,184,1204,1224]" captionTargetId="figure-297@2.[152,1533,164,792]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Scanning electron micrographs of shell and shale fabrics as well as mineral elemental analyses of matrix from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166334, fine grained clay minerals and hematite crystals in the matrix (A1). Tabular crystals of hematite forming rosette-shaped aggregations in the matrix (A2, A3); the cross in A2 shows the location of elemental analysis (A4). B. NIGPAS 166339a, skeleton coated with hematite. C. NIGPAS 166337, halite pseudomorphs distributed on the surface of undetermined fossil (C1), calcite imprints in the matrix (C2). Scale bars: A1, A2, C2, 2 μm; A3, 1 μm; B, 10 μm; C1, 50 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986477" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986477/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA60C0FFBC497122A1BDB20" attach="left" box="[1107,1116,1850,1867]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">2</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). The morphology of dorsum and venter gives rise to a reniform cross section, but only
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B329BFFA60C0FFCBF97472D83DBE3" box="[808,964,1903,1928]" count="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="90" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
displays the full image of transverse section (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA60C0FFCA797A72DC2DBC3" box="[816,901,1935,1960]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="90">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
), the apertural height is 0.7 mm, apertural width is 1.4 mm, and apertural width/height ratio is 2. Conchs terminate in pointed apex, and angle of divergence at apex ranges from 15–18°. Operculum and helens unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DF12A99AFFA10C08FF0094272F22DBC8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" startId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" targetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA10C08FF0094272F22DBC8" blockId="4.[151,480,1039,1958]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
|
||
Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA10C08FEE794272FA7D848" box="[368,480,1039,1059]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEE794272FA7D848" box="[368,480,1039,1059]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Decoritheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FF0094032E94D854" box="[151,211,1067,1087]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">cyrene</emphasis>
|
||
(Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE8794562F67D8F8" bold="true" box="[272,288,1150,1171]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">A</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE9994B22F5AD8C4" bold="true" box="[270,285,1178,1199]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">B</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FF6294E82EBAD8A5" attach="left" box="[245,253,1216,1230]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
|
||
) and ventro-lateral (B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FE4694E82F9ED8A5" attach="left" box="[465,473,1216,1230]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">3</subScript>
|
||
) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FF78953C2EB0D949" attach="left" box="[239,247,1300,1314]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE9B95222F5BD94B" bold="true" box="[268,284,1290,1312]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">C</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA10C08FEE7950F2FA7D950" box="[368,480,1319,1339]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEE7950F2FA7D950" box="[368,480,1319,1339]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Decoritheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FF00956B2E94D93C" box="[151,211,1347,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">cyrene</emphasis>
|
||
with operculum of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA10C08FE14956B2FA7D93C" authority="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang, 2018" authorityName="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[387,480,1347,1367]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE14956B2FA7D93C" box="[387,480,1347,1367]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">Cupitheca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FF0095772EA6D918" box="[151,225,1375,1395]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">convexa</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A987BFFA10C08FF7F95772F77D918" box="[232,304,1375,1395]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
in apertural region (C
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FF3995AC2EF1D9F9" attach="left" box="[174,182,1412,1426]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
|
||
); rows of tubercles (C
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FE0295AC2FDAD9F9" attach="left" box="[405,413,1412,1426]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
|
||
), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEFA959A2F3AD9AC" bold="true" box="[365,381,1458,1479]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">D</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEE295E62FC3D988" bold="true" box="[373,388,1486,1507]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">E</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEB5962E2F77DA70" bold="true" box="[290,304,1542,1563]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">F</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FEAE96042F06DA51" attach="left" box="[313,321,1580,1594]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
|
||
, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FE45964C2F9DDA19" attach="left" box="[466,474,1636,1650]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
|
||
, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FEF896862FC6DAAF" bold="true" box="[367,385,1710,1732]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">G</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE9A972A2F58DB7C" bold="true" box="[269,287,1794,1815]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">H</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FE8297362F59DB58" bold="true" box="[277,286,1822,1843]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">I</emphasis>
|
||
. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FE3697482FEEDB05" attach="left" box="[417,425,1888,1902]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">3</subScript>
|
||
, F–I, 2 mm; B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FF7B97542EB3DBE1" attach="left" box="[236,244,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
|
||
, C
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FE8697542F5EDBE1" attach="left" box="[273,281,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">1</subScript>
|
||
, 1 mm; B
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FEEB97542FC3DBE1" attach="left" box="[380,388,1916,1930]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
|
||
, 100 μm; C
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA10C08FF3197B02EE9DBCD" attach="left" box="[166,174,1944,1958]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">2</subScript>
|
||
, 20 μm; E, 200 μm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA10C08FC84957A2D69D919" blockId="4.[787,814,1362,1394]" box="[787,814,1362,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA10C08FC84957A2D69D919" bold="true" box="[787,814,1362,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="91">G</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA00C09FFF591232FB6DD8D" blockId="5.[98,771,267,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FFF591232E8BDD4F" box="[98,204,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
—This species bears resemblance to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FDEE91232EB7DD2F" authority="Holm, 1893" authorityName="Holm" authorityYear="1893" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="lineatula">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FDEE91232D45DD4F" box="[633,770,267,292]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">D. lineatula</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA00C09FFFE91032EB7DD2F" author="Holm, G. J." box="[105,240,299,324]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref9108" refString="Holm, G. J. 1893. Sveriges Kambrisk - Siluriska Hyolithidae och Conulariidae. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Series C 112: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1893">Holm, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37AB982FFA00C09FEA891032FDCDD2F" box="[319,411,299,324]" name="Sweden" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Sweden</collectingCountry>
|
||
, but the presence of only longitudinal sculpture on the latter serves to distinguish it from the former.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FF7191442F12DDEE" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[230,341,364,389]" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="cyrene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FF7191442F12DDEE" box="[230,341,364,389]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">D. cyrene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also bears limited resemblance to the Swedish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FF5F91A42FA8DDCE" authority="(Holm, 1893)" baseAuthorityName="Holm" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[200,495,396,421]" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="excavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FF5F91A42F17DDCE" box="[200,336,396,421]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">D. excavata</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA00C09FEC891A42FA0DDCE" author="Holm, G. J." box="[351,487,396,421]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 172" refId="ref9108" refString="Holm, G. J. 1893. Sveriges Kambrisk - Siluriska Hyolithidae och Conulariidae. Sveriges Geologiska Undersokning, Series C 112: 1 - 172." type="journal article" year="1893">Holm, 1893</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but the two species can be differentiated by the absence of rounded ridges at the ventral lateral margins in the latter.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA00C09FF1091C52FA6DF23" blockId="5.[98,771,267,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D6B329BFFA00C09FF1091C52F6DDE6D" box="[135,298,493,518]" count="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" type="generic">One specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of this species (
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA00C09FE7091C52C7CDE6D" box="[487,571,493,518]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="4.[151,184,1039,1059]" captionTargetBox="[504,1534,160,1952]" captionTargetId="figure-8@4.[504,1534,160,1952]" captionText="Fig. 3. Novitatid hyolith Decoritheca cyrene (Walcott, 1905) from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166338 in dorsal view. B. NIGPAS 166335 in ventral (B1) and ventro-lateral (B3) views; detail showing transverse lines on the external surface of venter (B2). C. NIGPAS 166337 in dorsal view, conch of Decoritheca cyrene with operculum of Cupitheca convexa sp. nov. in apertural region (C1); rows of tubercles (C2), inset shows enlarged individual tubercle with nearly flat top. D. NIGPAS 166329 in ventral view. E. NIGPAS 166341b, aperture with reniform cross section. F. NIGPAS 166331 in ventral view; F1, incomplete shell showing well developed median concavity and adjacent ridges; F2, nearly complete shell with broken aperture and adapically shallowing median concavity. G. NIGPAS 166330, both shells display partial venter and partial dorsum from dorsal view. H. NIGPAS 166333 in ventral view. I. NIGPAS 166332 in dorsal view, white arrows indicate algae. Scale bars: A, D, B3, F–I, 2 mm; B1, C1, 1 mm; B2, 100 μm; C2, 20 μm; E, 200 μm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10986480" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10986480/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Fig. 3C</figureCitation>
|
||
<figureCitation id="1356E597FFA00C09FDAC91D02C03DE62" box="[571,580,504,521]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[98,131,1097,1117]" captionTargetBox="[99,1480,162,1071]" captionTargetId="figure-384@1.[99,1481,162,1071]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Aggregations of orthothecide hyoliths preserved in purplish-red shales from the Manto Formation (Cambrian Stage 4/5) in the Zuojiawu section of Tangshan, China. A. NIGPAS 166336. B. NIGPAS 166345. C. NIGPAS 166334. D. NIGPAS 166341b. E. NIGPAS 166346. Scale bars 5 mm, except E, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10980885" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10980885/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<subScript id="17E9FB57FFA00C09FDAC91D02C03DE62" attach="left" box="[571,580,504,521]" fontSize="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">1</subScript>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
) appears to preserve a conch with an unattached operculum near the aperture. Given that the operculum is nearly circular but the cross section of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FE8F92662FC1DE0C" baseAuthorityName="Walcott" baseAuthorityYear="1905" box="[280,390,590,615]" family="Novitatidae" genus="Decoritheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="cyrene">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FE8F92662FC1DE0C" box="[280,390,590,615]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">D. cyrene</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is reniform, it is unlikely that the conch and operculum represent the same taxon. It is more likely that these specimens are coincidentally located next to each other as result of movement by currents or perhaps bioturbation. Circular opercula such as these are usually found in clusters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FED692C72FF8DF63" authority="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang, 2018" authorityName="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[321,447,751,776]" family="Cupithecidae" genus="Cupitheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="convexa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FED692C72FF8DF63" box="[321,447,751,776]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">C. convexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A987BFFA00C09FE5292C72C5DDF63" box="[453,538,751,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
shells, and therefore we suggest that these circular or oval opercula more reasonably belong to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C6D8291FFA00C09FE9F93072FC2DF23" authority="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang, 2018" authorityName="Sun & Malinky & Zhu & Huang" authorityYear="2018" box="[264,389,815,840]" family="Cupithecidae" genus="Cupitheca" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species" species="convexa" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FE9F93072F5DDF23" box="[264,282,815,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">C</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FEBF93072FC2DF23" box="[296,389,815,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">convexa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A22A987BFFA00C09FE1B93072FA6DF23" box="[396,481,815,840]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BD2F912FFA00C09FFF593722C59D83E" blockId="5.[98,771,858,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9192500FFA00C09FFF593722C42DF18" box="[98,517,858,883]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Stratigraphic and geographic range</emphasis>
|
||
.—Cambrian Series 3 Stage 5 to Furongian Stage 10. The Manto Formation of Tangshan,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A937F0FFA00C09FF7393B32FDDDFDF" box="[228,410,923,948]" country="China" name="Hebei" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Hebei Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(herein), the Chaomitien and Changhsia formations of Yantai,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A937F0FFA00C09FE4B93932CFEDFBF" box="[476,697,955,980]" country="China" name="Shandong" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Shandong Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
(Walcott 1905), and the Changhsia Formation in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49A937F0FFA00C09FDDE93F32CB9DF9F" box="[585,766,987,1012]" country="China" name="Anhui" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">Anhui Province</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F37AB982FFA00C09FFF593D32EE1D87F" box="[98,166,1019,1044]" name="China" pageId="5" pageNumber="92">China</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA00C09FF2F93D32FEED87F" author="Qian, Y. & Xiao, L. G." box="[184,425,1019,1044]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" refId="ref10562" refString="Qian, Y. and Xiao, L. G. 1995. Hyolitha [in Chinese]. 262 pp. Science Press, Beijing." type="book" year="1995">Qian and Xiao 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); Snowy Range Formation of Gallatin, Montana; Wilberns Formation of Burnet County, Texas (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFFC84E3FFA00C09FF2694142F13D83E" author="Malinky, J. M." box="[177,340,1084,1109]" pageId="5" pageNumber="92" pagination="942 - 959" refId="ref9626" refString="Malinky, J. M. 1987. Taxonomic revision of lower and middle Paleozoic Orthothecida (Hyolitha) from North America and China. Journal of Paleontology 61: 942 - 959." type="journal article" year="1987">Malinky 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; see also SOM 2).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |