191 lines
28 KiB
XML
191 lines
28 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="FAFC2788B6A42C926B1382E7816C407E">A taxonomic review of the grassland leafhopper genera Gurawa Distant and Chiasmus Mulsant & Rey (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from China with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="634DFE3E3E7F0F8D5E229AAD21F6D63C">Duan, Yani</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7EF0D87651CC47FC9AC6DCFDA6C53DD0">Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China. & School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui Province 230036, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CEE0A9C13636EBFE7C7A3A65C1C1A9C1">Zhang, Yalin</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CBC47F6A3E8016914D2F50713EBBB48">Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China.</mods:affiliation>
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<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CFA29E89892F5" ID-CoL="8HG58" authority="Mulsant & Rey" authorityName="Mulsant & Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,471,1502,1528]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CFA29E85F92F5" bold="true" box="[151,272,1502,1528]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Chiasmus</emphasis>
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Mulsant & Rey
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</taxonomicName>
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, new record to
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<collectingCountry id="F3023C955F01E433FD5CFA29EBAC92F5" box="[663,739,1502,1528]" name="China" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">China</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C30F2F8E5F01E433FF5CF9D2EA6D91B8" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF9D2EB5A9137" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,533,1572,1595]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FF5CF9D2EB5E9137" author="Mulsant, M. E. & Rey, C." box="[151,529,1572,1595]" page="215" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1855">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CF9D2EB5E9137" ID-CoL="8HG58" authority="Mulsant & Rey, 1855: 215" authorityName="Mulsant & Rey" authorityPageNumber="215" authorityYear="1855" box="[151,529,1572,1595]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF9D2E9B49136" box="[151,251,1573,1595]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Chiasmus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FECAF9D3EB5E9137" author="Mulsant, M. E. & Rey, C." box="[257,529,1572,1594]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="197 - 249" refId="ref4351" refString="Mulsant, M. E. & Rey, C. (1855) Description de quelques Hemipteres-Homopteres nouveaux ou peu connus. Annales de la Societe linneenne de Lyon, 2 (2), 197 - 249." type="journal article" year="1855">Mulsant & Rey, 1855: 215</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF9B4EA1F9154" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,848,1603,1625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FF5CF9B4E89B9154" author="Fieber, F. X." box="[151,468,1603,1625]" page="501" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1866">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CF9B4E89B9154" ID-CoL="8JKQZ" authority="Fieber, 1866: 501" authorityName="Fieber" authorityPageNumber="501" authorityYear="1866" box="[151,468,1603,1625]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Atractotypus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF9B4E8579154" box="[151,280,1603,1625]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Atractotypus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FED5F9B4E89B9154" author="Fieber, F. X." box="[286,468,1603,1625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="497 - 516" refId="ref4109" refString="Fieber, F. X. (1866) Neue Gattungen und Arten in Homoptern (Cicadina Bur.). Verhandlungen de Kaiserlich-Koniglichen Zoologisch-botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 16, 497 - 516." type="journal article" year="1866">Fieber, 1866: 501</bibRefCitation>
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. Synonymised by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FD46F9B4EA039154" author="Signoret, V. A." box="[653,844,1603,1625]" page="16" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1877">
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FD46F9B4EA039154" author="Signoret, V. A." box="[653,844,1603,1625]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="15 - 18" refId="ref4533" refString="Signoret, V. A. (1877) Remarques sur divers Hemipteres. Bulletin de la Societe Entomologique de France, 5 (7), 15 - 18." type="journal article" year="1877">Signoret, 1877: 16</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF995EA109175" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,863,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB055B2B5F01E433FF5CF995EA109175" box="[151,863,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FF5CF995E8A19175" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[151,494,1634,1656]" page="335" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1906">
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<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CF995E8A19175" ID-CoL="8JLF4" authority="Kirkaldy, 1906: 335" authorityName="Kirkaldy" authorityPageNumber="335" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,494,1634,1656]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Kosmiopelex" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF995E8559175" box="[151,282,1634,1656]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Kosmiopelex</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FEEBF995E8A19175" author="Kirkaldy, G. W." box="[288,494,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="271 - 479" refId="ref4217" refString="Kirkaldy, G. W. (1906) Leafhoppers and their natural enemies. Part IX, Leafhoppers, Hemiptera. Bulletin of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Division of Entomology, 1 (9), 271 - 479." type="journal article" year="1906">Kirkaldy, 1906: 335</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
. Synonymised by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FD6CF994EA149175" author="Evans, J. W." box="[679,859,1634,1656]" page="172" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1974">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FD6CF994EA149175" author="Evans, J. W." box="[679,859,1634,1656]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref4072" refString="Evans, J. W. (1974) New Caledonian leafhoppers and the systematic position of Kosmiopelix Kirkaldy and Euacanthella Evans (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea). Pacific Insects, 16, 165 - 175." type="journal article" year="1974">Evans, 1974: 172</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF975EA43919A" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,780,1665,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB055B2B5F01E433FF5CF975EA43919A" box="[151,780,1665,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
|
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FF5CF975E8E7919A" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,424,1665,1687]" page="394" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1908">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CF975E8E7919A" ID-CoL="8JLDF" authority="Distant, 1908: 394" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="394" authorityYear="1908" box="[151,424,1665,1687]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Kartwa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF975E9AC919A" box="[151,227,1666,1687]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Kartwa</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FF22F976E8E7919A" author="Distant, W. L." box="[233,424,1665,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref3903" refString="Distant, W. L. (1908) Rhynchota-Homoptera. In: Bingham, C. T. (ed.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, 4, 501 pp." type="book" year="1908">Distant, 1908: 394</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitation>
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. Synonymised by
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FDAAF976EA47919A" author="Pruthi, H. S." box="[609,776,1665,1687]" page="35" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1930">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FDAAF976EA47919A" author="Pruthi, H. S." box="[609,776,1665,1687]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="1 - 68" refId="ref4435" refString="Pruthi, H. S. (1930) Studies on Indian Jassidae (Homoptera). Part I. Introductory and Description of some new genera and species. Memoirs of the Indian Museum, 11 (1), 1 - 68." type="journal article" year="1930">Pruthi, 1930: 35</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF957EA6D91B8" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,802,1695,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB055B2B5F01E433FF5CF957EA6D91B8" box="[151,802,1695,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FF5CF957E8FE91B8" author="Distant, W. L." box="[151,433,1695,1717]" page="84" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1918">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FF5CF957E8FE91B8" ID-CoL="8JLVP" authority="Distant, 1918: 84" authorityName="Distant" authorityPageNumber="84" authorityYear="1918" box="[151,433,1695,1717]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Postumus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF957E9B691B8" box="[151,249,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Postumus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FF34F968E8FE91B8" author="Distant, W. L." box="[255,433,1695,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" refId="ref3943" refString="Distant, W. L. (1918) Rhynchota, Homoptera: Appendix. Heteroptera: Addenda. In: Shipley, A. E. & Marshall, A. K. (eds.), The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma, 7, 210 pp." type="book" year="1918">Distant, 1918: 84</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
. Synonymised by
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="0AB45A145F01E433FDA0F957EA5191B8" author="Evans, J. W." box="[619,798,1695,1717]" page="172" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FDA0F957EA5191B8" author="Evans, J. W." box="[619,798,1695,1717]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="165 - 175" refId="ref4072" refString="Evans, J. W. (1974) New Caledonian leafhoppers and the systematic position of Kosmiopelix Kirkaldy and Euacanthella Evans (Homoptera: Cicadelloidea). Pacific Insects, 16, 165 - 175." type="journal article" year="1974">Evans, 1974: 172</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F2F8E5F01E433FF5CF948EBBB91D9" box="[151,756,1726,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E433FF5CF948EBBB91D9" blockId="6.[151,863,1572,1748]" box="[151,756,1726,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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||
<typeStatus id="54AEC2A75F01E433FF5CF948E98491D9" box="[151,203,1727,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Type</typeStatus>
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||
species:
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<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F01E433FEEDF949EBBE91D9" authority="Mulsant & Rey, 1855" authorityName="Mulsant & Rey" authorityYear="1855" box="[294,753,1726,1748]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="translucidus">
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||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FEEDF949EB4291D9" box="[294,525,1726,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Chiasmus translucidus</emphasis>
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EF8401F45F01E433FDDFF949EBBE91D9" author="Mulsant, M. E. & Rey, C." box="[532,753,1726,1748]" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" pagination="197 - 249" refId="ref4351" refString="Mulsant, M. E. & Rey, C. (1855) Description de quelques Hemipteres-Homopteres nouveaux ou peu connus. Annales de la Societe linneenne de Lyon, 2 (2), 197 - 249." type="journal article" year="1855">Mulsant & Rey, 1855</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F2F8E5F01E43DFF5CF8F7EAC09650" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="49" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" type="description">
|
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<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F01E432FF5CF8F7ED019632" blockId="6.[151,1436,1792,2032]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,151,319]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="48" pageId="6" pageNumber="47">
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||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F01E433FF5CF8F7E86A9014" bold="true" box="[151,293,1792,1817]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="47" reason="1">Description.</emphasis>
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||
Surface of vertex, pronotum and scutellum shagreen (Plate III: A–C). Head wider than pronotum (Plate III: A–C). Vertex subtriangular, flat, anterior margin foliaceous, lateral margins oblique and almost in a line with outer margins of eye, ocellus on vertex some distance from anterior margin, far away from eye, eye projecting posterad beyond anterior angles of pronotum (Plate III: A–C); genae deeply notched below eye, extend beyond anteclypeus (Plate III: E). Pronotum distinctly carinate laterally, more than twice as broad as long (Plate III: A–C). Forewing usually brachypterous, texture coriaceous (Plate III: B–D). Profemur setal row AV with 7–9 peg-like setae, AV1 usually longer; IC row with 2 long setae; AM1 present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F01E433FCC0F82FEAC590FD" box="[779,906,2008,2032]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="6" pageNumber="47">Figs 5A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Foretibia rounded in cross section, macrosetal formula 4+3 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FEE6FF60E88597A2" box="[301,458,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Figs 5D & 5E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind femur setal formula 2+0 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FCF9FF60EACA97A2" box="[818,901,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind tibia setal row AD with approximately 7– 8 long stout setae and 0–2 shorter setae between each long seta (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FC94FF4BEAF897D9" box="[863,951,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
); AV with apical seta larger than basal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FABBFF4BE9F397FA" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5G</figureCitation>
|
||
); pecten with several normal macrosetae (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FD6AFF28EBB297FA" box="[673,765,223,247]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5H</figureCitation>
|
||
); PD with appproximately 9 macrosetae, 0–2 shorter setae between each long seta, hardly as long as those of AD (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F00E432FCD9FEF3EA2E9611" box="[786,865,260,284]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="9.[151,249,1936,1959]" captionTargetBox="[221,1347,239,1914]" captionTargetId="figure-94@9.[163,1428,197,1943]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 5. Chiasmus sp. A–C: front femur, anterior view; D: left front tibia, anterodorsal view; E: left front tibia, posterodorsal view; F: apex of hind femur, dorsal view; G: left hind tibia, anterior view (without apical row); H: pecten of left hind tibia, anterior view; I: left hind tibia, posterior view (without PV and apical row)." pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Fig. 5I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hind tarsomere I slightly expanded distally, with dorsoapical pair of setae, 2 ventral longitudinal rows of setae, and 4 platellae in pecten.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F00E432FF5CF84DEDC190FD" blockId="7.[151,1436,1978,2032]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F00E432FF5CF84DE85990DD" bold="true" box="[151,278,1978,2001]" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">PLATE III.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C1507865F00E432FED6F84DE8F090DD" box="[285,447,1978,2000]" class="Insecta" family="Cicadellidae" genus="Chiasmus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="48" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undefined-a">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F00E432FED6F84DE8CE90DD" box="[285,385,1978,2000]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="48">Chiasmus</emphasis>
|
||
sp. A
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–C: habitus, dorsal view; D: habitus, lateral view; E: face; F: the end of female abdomen, ventral view; G: first valvula; H: detail of first valvula (apex); I: second valvula; J: detail of second valvula.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F0FE43DFF0CFF60EDFA97F8" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
Male pygofer without macrosetae, basolateral cleft absent or not membranous (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F0FE43DFBF5FF60EDD697A2" box="[1086,1177,151,175]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1527,1550]" captionTargetBox="[204,1386,429,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-280@8.[188,1398,395,1556]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chiasmus sp. A: male pygofer side, lateral view; B: valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; C: apex of style, dorsal view; D: style, dorsal view; E: connective, dorsal view; F & G: aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Valve triangular (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F0FE43DFAA5FF60E9F497DF" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1527,1550]" captionTargetBox="[204,1386,429,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-280@8.[188,1398,395,1556]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chiasmus sp. A: male pygofer side, lateral view; B: valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; C: apex of style, dorsal view; D: style, dorsal view; E: connective, dorsal view; F & G: aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Subgenital plate triangular, short and small (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F0FE43DFD04FF4DEA6697DF" box="[719,809,186,210]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1527,1550]" captionTargetBox="[204,1386,429,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-280@8.[188,1398,395,1556]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chiasmus sp. A: male pygofer side, lateral view; B: valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; C: apex of style, dorsal view; D: style, dorsal view; E: connective, dorsal view; F & G: aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Connective with anterior arms closely appressed and with distinct stem (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F0FE43DFEA6FF2AE88A97F8" box="[365,453,221,245]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1527,1550]" captionTargetBox="[204,1386,429,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-280@8.[188,1398,395,1556]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chiasmus sp. A: male pygofer side, lateral view; B: valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; C: apex of style, dorsal view; D: style, dorsal view; E: connective, dorsal view; F & G: aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Aedeagus hinged, with basal part articulated to shaf (
|
||
<figureCitation id="132E60805F0FE43DFBE0FF2AEDE797F8" box="[1067,1192,221,245]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,249,1527,1550]" captionTargetBox="[204,1386,429,1508]" captionTargetId="figure-280@8.[188,1398,395,1556]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. Chiasmus sp. A: male pygofer side, lateral view; B: valve and subgenital plate, ventral view; C: apex of style, dorsal view; D: style, dorsal view; E: connective, dorsal view; F & G: aedeagus, dorsal and lateral view, respectively." pageId="8" pageNumber="49">Figs 4F–G</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F0FE43DFF0CFF08EAC09650" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">First valvula dorsal sculpturing granulose to maculose, marginal or slightly submarginal basally and submarginal apically (Plate III: G–H). Second valvula abruptly broadened ~3/5 its length from base, with small obliquely triangular dorsal teeth on nearly apical 2/5 (Plate III: I–J).</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C30F2F8E5F0FE43DFF0CFE90EBD69672" box="[199,665,359,384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BAA7C055F0FE43DFF0CFE90EBD69672" blockId="8.[151,1436,151,384]" box="[199,665,359,384]" pageId="8" pageNumber="49">
|
||
<emphasis id="B961A0175F0FE43DFF0CFE90E82F968D" bold="true" box="[199,352,359,384]" inLineHeading="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="49" reason="1">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Throughout the Old World.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |