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126 lines
14 KiB
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<document id="1FFF7A89491B57C227547DDD982AA2C6" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.5170193" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5170193" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1628281140036" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Smith, Andrew B. T." docDate="2008" docId="03BBFF57611BFFEEFF23FF0A76B1C4F1" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0060.1-28.pdf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 2008 (60)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1.3:InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="A87B5EC635B7D5A430FC1D805C706BD1" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Liparetrini Burmeister 1855" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="FF82872F6112FFE7FFE3FFCC7430C76F" masterDocTitle="South American Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) classification and nomenclature: some problems and solutions" masterLastPageNumber="28" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1699039917003" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods id="3F2C1269709F56F312DD529CF04E7AE9" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="380871D719751EB3E5EC21F0BE1B945A">
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<mods:title id="DE7700C6B1FAD8E295C6A73B7AB3FEED">South American Melolonthinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) classification and nomenclature: some problems and solutions</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="84AB3E40471AB1675FAB811ADA16AEF0" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="C5769BF19C9A87B0B0DED5205A4E49ED">
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<mods:roleTerm id="5A87BD447E65075138BC377D8794D904">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="DFA5E749FC0FEBCBCC8AF5F05E201419">Smith, Andrew B. T.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="BB2B14F788DFE3CD4FE4AF9FCFB06D32">Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature P. O. Box 3443, Station D Ottawa, ON, K 1 P 6 P 4, CANADA asmith @ mus-nature. ca</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="634F517B2BF7009187EFF5C377F1BFD4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo id="B0767B996EC6B907FFC9BB8D489BF295">
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<mods:title id="4E7AEE8AE52078B2D09D2B95888536FA">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="F16831D5BF6248C1BE3D7966805B7252">
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<mods:date id="BF410FE16895C26E6850F9E0105C3999">2008</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="520E46DD7A87CA1B7892E5B9403A706F" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="2AE13BD19CAF380AAF2151797F243075">2008-12-05</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="E2E942E27D101AB0FFEF5E5CE98DAB2C" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D370A6B291DDE179FCB22C2C171B3048">2008</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="7CCA1735940807160A00368108870EA0" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="2B802E62CC0DE294498AF2044A5EDA3C">60</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="3A3A479B5B951EE3B693B09546DEBE2B" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="D640FCC1A7D6F896AD100D7B0E75E508">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5B913A35E9B2C9EAF72A64FC9384AF7B">28</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="34D70152B2089D6B87F02506737B640C">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="AACF9F14E1C277CA3D8216B9EC75400A" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.5170193</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="35E752FC2E7FC9B460001B0F8BD45578" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B419206CCDF302B9160936ED779C6E24" type="Zenodo-Dep">5170193</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5C52CAF84B558E9AB290354BF1794072" type="ZooBank">17196FAF-00D5-438D-9994-C5BAA2E6AE90</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="03BBFF57611BFFEEFF23FF0A76B1C4F1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5185041" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5185041" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03BBFF57611BFFEEFF23FF0A76B1C4F1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BBFF57611BFFEEFF23FF0A76B1C4F1" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection id="C3081DCA611BFFEEFF23FF0A759BC7B1" box="[192,427,198,222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BAD4E41611BFFEEFF23FF0A759BC7B1" blockId="9.[192,427,198,222]" box="[192,427,198,222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<heading id="D0E5F92D611BFFEEFF23FF0A759BC7B1" bold="true" box="[192,427,198,222]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFF23FF0A759BC7B1" bold="true" box="[192,427,198,222]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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Tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFEF3FF0A759BC7B1" ID-CoL="KY8" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[272,427,198,222]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparetrini">Liparetrini</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3081DCA611BFFEEFF23FECA7728C6B1" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BAD4E41611BFFEEFF23FECA7728C6B1" blockId="9.[192,1441,262,478]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFF23FECA7575C671" bold="true" box="[192,325,262,286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(modified from
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8333B0611BFFEEFE1FFECA76A7C671" author="Britton, E. B." box="[508,663,262,286]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="159 - 195" refId="ref17851" refString="Britton, E. B. 1990. A synopsis of the Australian genera of Liparetrini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 159 - 195." type="journal article" year="1990">Britton 1990</bibRefCitation>
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). Antennae with 8-10 antennomeres, including a 3-7 antennomere club; body color testaceous, castaneous, or black (rarely bicolored), surface usually shining; elytral striae paired or approximately equally spaced; wings fully developed, folded, functional; mesosternal / metasternal process absent; metatibiae with 2 apical spurs, spurs set below and above the tarsal articulation (tarsus moves between tibial spurs); abdominal ventrites without a longitudinal ridge on each side; claws simple, without a tooth on the concave side; metatibiae with an interrupted or complete, obliquely transverse spinose ridge near the middle (sometimes absent).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3081DCA611BFFEEFF23FDCA76B1C4F1" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="8BAD4E41611BFFEEFF23FDCA76B1C4F1" blockId="9.[192,1440,518,926]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFF23FDCA7575C571" bold="true" box="[192,325,518,542]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</emphasis>
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The tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFE21FDCA767CC571" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[450,588,518,542]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparetrini">Liparetrini</taxonomicName>
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is endemic to
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<collectingCountry id="F3050ED1611BFFEEFD1AFDCA775FC571" box="[761,879,518,542]" name="Australia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Australia</collectingCountry>
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and there is little merit to the previous placement New World taxa in this tribe by some authors (for a definition and detailed treatment of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFAF0FDEA71ACC551" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1299,1436,550,574]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="24" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparetrini">Liparetrini</taxonomicName>
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, see
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8333B0611BFFEEFF0FFD8A75A1C531" author="Britton, E. B." box="[236,401,582,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 209" refId="ref17809" refString="Britton, E. B. 1980. A revision of the Australian chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) vol. 3 Tribe Liparetrini: Genus Liparetrus. Australian Journal of Zoology Supplementary Series 76: 1 - 209." type="book chapter" year="1980">Britton [1980</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8333B0611BFFEEFE7FFD8A75ECC531" author="Britton, E. B." box="[412,476,582,606]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="159 - 195" refId="ref17851" refString="Britton, E. B. 1990. A synopsis of the Australian genera of Liparetrini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Invertebrate Taxonomy 4: 159 - 195." type="journal article" year="1990">1990</bibRefCitation>
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]). Accordingly, the genera
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFCFAFD8A77A4C531" authorityName="Blanchard. The Neotropical" authorityYear="1850" box="[793,916,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Aplodema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFCFAFD8A77A4C531" box="[793,916,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Aplodema</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFC42FD8A707EC531" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[929,1102,582,606]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Blepharotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFC42FD8A707EC531" box="[929,1102,582,606]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Blepharotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the New World species formerly placed in
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFE4EFDAB761AC511" authorityName="Guerin-Meneville" authorityYear="1830" box="[429,554,615,638]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Heteronyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFE4EFDAB761AC511" box="[429,554,615,638]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Heteronyx</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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have all been transferred to the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFBEDFDAA70A4C511" authorityName="Erichson" authorityYear="1847" box="[1038,1172,614,638]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sericoidini">Sericoidini</taxonomicName>
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(see above under the heading for
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFEACFD4A75CCC5F1" authorityName="Blanchard" authorityYear="1850" box="[335,508,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Blepharotoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFEACFD4A75CCC5F1" box="[335,508,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Blepharotoma</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<bibRefCitation id="EF8333B0611BFFEEFDF2FD4B7680C5F1" author="Evans, A. V." box="[529,688,646,670]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" pagination="1 - 458" refId="ref18146" refString="Evans, A. V. 2003. A checklist of the New World chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Zootaxa 211: 1 - 458." type="journal article" year="2003">Evans (2003)</bibRefCitation>
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also listed the monotypic genus
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFBD7FD4A70CCC5F1" authority="Saylor" authorityName="Saylor" authorityYear="1945" box="[1076,1276,646,670]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Zaburina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFBD7FD4A7098C5F1" box="[1076,1192,646,670]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Zaburina</emphasis>
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Saylor
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</taxonomicName>
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(from
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<collectingCountry id="F3050ED1611BFFEEFAAAFD4A74D7C5D1" name="Colombia" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Colombia</collectingCountry>
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) and the species
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFE57FD6A773CC5D1" authority="(Saylor)" baseAuthorityName="Saylor" box="[436,780,678,702]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Aplodema" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufescens">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFE57FD6A7696C5D1" box="[436,678,678,702]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Aplodema rufescens</emphasis>
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(Saylor)
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</taxonomicName>
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(from
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<collectingCountry id="F3050ED1611BFFEEFCB9FD6A778CC5D1" box="[858,956,678,702]" name="Guyana" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Guyana</collectingCountry>
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) in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFBB4FD6A70D4C5D1" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[1111,1252,678,702]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparetrini">Liparetrini</taxonomicName>
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. These taxa are here removed from the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFDF4FD0A76AFC5B1" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1855" box="[535,671,710,734]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Liparetrini">Liparetrini</taxonomicName>
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and placed in
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFCA9FD0B77DDC5B1" box="[842,1005,710,734]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">incertae sedis</emphasis>
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, pending a thorough examination of the type material. I will refrain from speculating on the proper classification of these taxa other than to say that their previous placement and possibly the distribution given are highly dubious. I examined the
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<typeStatus id="54A9F0E3611BFFEEFF23FCEA7517C451" box="[192,295,806,830]" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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of
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFEABFCEA7693C451" authority="Saylor" authorityName="Saylor" box="[328,675,806,830]" class="Insecta" family="Melolonthidae" genus="Zaburina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="columbiana">
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<emphasis id="B9669253611BFFEEFEABFCEA767FC451" box="[328,591,806,830]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="8">Zaburina columbiana</emphasis>
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Saylor
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</taxonomicName>
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a few years ago at the California Academy of Sciences and noted that it had a labrum projecting below clypeus, metatibial spurs on either side of tarsus, and propygidial suture evident. These characters suggest that this taxon might either belong in the tribe
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<taxonomicName id="4C1235C2611BFFEEFB3DFCAA710CC411" authorityName="Kirby" authorityYear="1837" box="[1246,1340,870,894]" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="9" pageNumber="8" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Sericini">Sericini</taxonomicName>
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or could be a mislabeled Australian specimen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |