402 lines
52 KiB
XML
402 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="3295B75924ADF3A3E0B76986A9161BB4" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ddffc7b3-2654-49ec-b046-f32bc78af2d6" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="249019" ID-ZooBank="136660B8-7DCC-490E-AB79-46546CC18E40" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460652068901" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Göcke, Christian & Janussen, Dorte" docDate="2013" docId="03EF87D0CD22881080BEFE3EFC96F8CE" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03692p101.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3692 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Cornulum antarcticum Göcke & Janussen, 2013, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="46" masterDocId="FFD6FFA8CD3388028029FF93FFE4FFE9" masterDocTitle="Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea" masterLastPageNumber="101" masterPageNumber="28" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1698343927236" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="8DF95F4ACAF1B0B8F9A547C08618A063">Demospongiae of ANT XXIV / 2 (SYSTCO I) Expedition — Antarctic Eastern Weddell Sea</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="66F438D020644FFB7327DA0767928663" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C5603A87F334D4910A5008F94438C7D0">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="CF824261BF2F95AA00EE668FE8AD622B">Göcke, Christian</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="751FC20EEC8106C6A9D4AF6968776BBA" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="56E509E585195852AD8532767874087B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="3D2B9ECF1A22ADE0DB71E7B8ED1DF37F">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D28F5F25BAE5D9D7771830486EC68475">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="CB342EE37727B8DF370A3598CC4D67E3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="19F013BB930044D76842C3E3C230E6F3">
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<mods:date id="6FB629B84D9A28356EB0A17EEAE4A464">2013</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="7D2C07375F71C3761CD7C3BE6911198C">3692</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="04AD3BB1EC07C0F9BC5ED034E43E3B9A" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3692.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="4DB6F3E8D61B6ACC85A1AE72CE0B4924" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="03EF87D0CD22881080BEFE3EFC96F8CE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6145170" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119573124" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6145170" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03EF87D0CD22881080BEFE3EFC96F8CE" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/03EF87D0CD22881080BEFE3EFC96F8CE" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD22881380BEFE3EFE81FE0E" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380BEFE3EFDF6FE2E" blockId="17.[151,530,429,487]" box="[151,530,429,455]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<heading id="D0B181AACD22881380BEFE3EFDF6FE2E" bold="true" box="[151,530,429,455]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380BEFE3EFDF6FE2E" bold="true" box="[151,530,429,455]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD22881380BEFE3EFE4AFE2E" ID-CoL="YGF7" box="[151,430,429,455]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380BEFE3EFE4AFE2E" bold="true" box="[151,430,429,455]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Cornulum antarcticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD228813819DFE3EFDF6FE2E" box="[436,530,429,455]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380BEFE5CFE81FE0E" blockId="17.[151,530,429,487]" box="[151,357,463,487]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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(
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD22881380B6FE5CFEEEFE0E" box="[159,266,463,487]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 5" captionStart-1="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="19.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionStartId-1="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox-0="[166,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetBox-1="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId-0="figure@19.[166,1451,193,1912]" captionTargetId-1="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId-0="19" captionTargetPageId-1="20" captionText-0="FIGURE 5. Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. A, sampled specimens in live ex situ. B – D, holotype (SMF 11770): B, habit, overgrown by Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). C, Tissue of the outer membrane in topview. D, Choanosomal spicule tracts, see text for details. Scale bars: A – B: 20 mm, C: 500 µm, D: 1 mm." captionText-1="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/249024/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Figs. 5–6</figureCitation>
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,
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<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD228813813FFE5CFEB8FE0E" box="[278,348,463,487]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,239,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,1482,1960]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule sizes of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" tableUuid="DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD22881380BEFD84FEAFFD56" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380BEFD84FEAFFD56" blockId="17.[151,1437,535,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380BEFD84FEE2FDD9" bold="true" box="[151,262,535,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Material.</emphasis>
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<specimenCount id="9D40FD4FCD2288138125FD84FE40FDC6" box="[268,420,535,559]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="generic">18 specimens</specimenCount>
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from station 048-1 (
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD22881382A0FD84FD15FDC6" box="[649,753,535,559]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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: SMF 11770,
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD22881383A5FD8BFC18FDD9" box="[908,1020,536,560]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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: 11794–11797, 11803, 11804, 11843, 11844, 11851, 11852, 11758),
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD22881381C5FDAFFDAEFDBD" box="[492,586,572,596]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.021" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" unit="m" value="602.1">602.1 m</quantity>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD228813827FFDAFFD05FDBD" box="[598,737,572,596]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" precision="9" value="-70.399">70° 23.94' S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="EE725001CD22881382C4FDAFFC90FDBD" box="[749,884,572,596]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" precision="9" value="-8.319">8° 19.14' W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<date id="FFF81006CD2288138356FDAFFBE4FDBD" box="[895,1024,572,596]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" value="2008-12-01">12.01.2008</date>
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.
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2288138422FDAFFA7FFDBD" box="[1035,1435,572,596]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Material examined for comparison:</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD22881380BEFDF3FE0EFD9E" authority="Carter, 1876" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" box="[151,490,607,632]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380BEFDF3FEB0FD91" box="[151,340,608,632]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Cornulum textile</emphasis>
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Carter, 1876
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</taxonomicName>
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: BMNH 1882.7.28.76 (
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD22881382DBFDCCFCBEFD9E" box="[754,858,607,631]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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), NE Atlantic, det. Carter, wet specimen and slides; BMNH 1910.1.1.1363 (schizotype) & BMNH 1910.1.1.1364 (schizotype), Canon Norman’s Collection of British Sponges, slides.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD22881380EEFD58FEC9FCA6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380EEFD58FEC9FCA6" blockId="17.[151,1437,535,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380EEFD58FEA7FD0D" bold="true" box="[199,323,715,740]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
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Tubular sponges of conical shape and erect growth, fixed to hard substrate. Tough outer layer of regularly arranged strongyles, fluffy inner tissue with tracts of strongyles, tylotes and rarely small styles. Microscleres palmate isochelae. The top side closed by a distinct cap-like plate structure. Outer surface shows growth rings.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD22881080EEFCC8FA96FE1D" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380EEFCC8FBCCFBC1" blockId="17.[151,1437,535,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380EEFCC8FEBDFC9D" bold="true" box="[199,345,859,884]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Description.</emphasis>
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Tubular sponges of conical shape (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD22881382CBFCCFFCC7FC9D" box="[738,803,860,884]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1451,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. A, sampled specimens in live ex situ. B – D, holotype (SMF 11770): B, habit, overgrown by Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). C, Tissue of the outer membrane in topview. D, Choanosomal spicule tracts, see text for details. Scale bars: A – B: 20 mm, C: 500 µm, D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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A–B) with erect growth. Body up to about
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD228813852EFCCFFA80FC9D" box="[1287,1380,860,884]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="100.0">100 mm</quantity>
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high and
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD22881380EFFC13FEF2FC71" box="[198,278,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="10.0">10 mm</quantity>
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wide, basal diameter
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<quantity id="4CBE9B23CD2288138225FC13FD66FC71" box="[524,642,896,920]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 to 2 mm</quantity>
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. At the top, tube closed by a firm cap (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2288138411FC13FB9FFC71" box="[1080,1147,896,920]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1451,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. A, sampled specimens in live ex situ. B – D, holotype (SMF 11770): B, habit, overgrown by Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). C, Tissue of the outer membrane in topview. D, Choanosomal spicule tracts, see text for details. Scale bars: A – B: 20 mm, C: 500 µm, D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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B). Surface with distinct, regular rings, probably growth rings. Tube mostly hollow. Basis attached to hard substrate. Several tubes may originate from one basis, they can be counted as one individual (
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD22881383A1FC5BFC0BFC09" box="[904,1007,968,992]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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,
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD22881383D5FC5BFBD8FC09" box="[1020,1084,968,992]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1524,1547]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,267,1503]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,267,1503]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 3. Habitus pictures. A: Tetilla leptoderma Sollas, 1886 (SMF 11760), alive, ex situ, B: Polymastia invaginata Kirkpatrick, 1907 (SMF 11777), alive, ex situ, C: Tentorium semisuberites (Schmidt, 1870) (SMF 11788), alive, ex situ, D: Tentorium papillatum (Kirkpatrick, 1908) (SMF 11787), alive, ex situ, E: Stylocordyla cf. chupachups Uriz, Gili, Orejas & Perez-Porro, 2011 (SMF 11771), in ethanol, F: Iophon unicorne Topsent, 1907 (SMF 11812), in ethanol, G: Raspailia (Hymeraphiopsis) irregularis Hentschel, 1914 (SMF 11806), in ethanol, H: Inflatella belli (Kirkpatrick, 1907) (SMF 11811), in ethanol, I: Lissodendoryx (Ectyodoryx) ramilobosa (Topsent, 1916) (SMF 11808), in ethanol, J: Lissodendoryx (Lissodendoryx) cf. styloderma Hentschel, 1914 (SMF 11826), in ethanol, K: Crella (Pytheas) crassa (Hentschel, 1914) (SMF 11832), in ethanol. Scale bars: A: 30 mm, B: 10, F – K mm, C – E: 5 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249022/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Fig 3</figureCitation>
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). One of the tubes of the
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2288138545FC5AFA78FC08" box="[1388,1436,969,993]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">type</typeStatus>
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detached during preparation, still preserved as part of the
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<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD228813830FFC7FFC6CFBED" box="[806,904,1004,1028]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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specimen. On the firm surface, a rich fauna of epibionts found, including bryozoans, hydrozoans, sponges and polychaete tubes.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380EEFBA7FBCFFAA1" blockId="17.[151,1437,535,1352]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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Skeleton: The epidermis, constituting the outer tube wall, very tough, with a tight layer of strongyles in rather regular orientation parallel to one another (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD22881382A0FBCBFD2AFB99" box="[649,718,1112,1136]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1451,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. A, sampled specimens in live ex situ. B – D, holotype (SMF 11770): B, habit, overgrown by Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). C, Tissue of the outer membrane in topview. D, Choanosomal spicule tracts, see text for details. Scale bars: A – B: 20 mm, C: 500 µm, D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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C). Rarely, spots can be found, where a more loosely packed second layer of strongyles is attached. Chelae also occur in the epidermis, but rarely. Epidermal spicules wrapped in a firm layer of spongin. Inside of the tubes coated by a fluffy soft choanosome (
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<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2288138415FB33FB9BFB51" box="[1084,1151,1184,1208]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1927,1950]" captionTargetBox="[166,1436,193,1911]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[166,1451,193,1912]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 5. Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. A, sampled specimens in live ex situ. B – D, holotype (SMF 11770): B, habit, overgrown by Pseudosuberites hyalinus (Ridley & Dendy, 1886). C, Tissue of the outer membrane in topview. D, Choanosomal spicule tracts, see text for details. Scale bars: A – B: 20 mm, C: 500 µm, D: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249024/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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D) including plumose or plumoreticulate spicule tracts, connected by rectangularly running tracts. These quasi-reticulations wide-meshed. Tracts, which run in parallel orientation to the epidermis, made up of strongyles, tylotes and rarely styles. Numerous palmate chelae occur as free spicules within the tissue. Inside of tubes mostly hollow, tissue usually covering only the inner surface of the epidermis, not filling the entire inner space.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" ID-Table-UUID="DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" targetBox="[159,1425,1482,1960]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="17">
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||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" blockId="17.[151,1435,1399,1455]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
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<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881380BEFAE4FEE9FA66" bold="true" box="[151,269,1399,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
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Spicule sizes of
|
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<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD22881381F0FAEBFD35FA66" box="[473,721,1400,1423]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881381F0FAEBFD35FA66" box="[473,721,1400,1423]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Cornulum antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD22881382F5FAE4FCDCFA66" bold="true" box="[732,824,1399,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD22881382F5FAE4FCDCFA66" box="[732,824,1399,1423]" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Values in µm are given as follows: minimum–mean– maximum (number of spicules measured).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD22881381BDFA58FAB7F841" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<table id="F946C466CD2277FD80B6FA59FA75F841" box="[159,1425,1482,1960]" gridcols="5" gridrows="12" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6FA59FA75FA08" box="[159,1425,1482,1505]" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDFA59FD9FFA08" box="[404,635,1482,1505]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">SMF 11770 (holotype)</th>
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2FA59FC66FA08" box="[667,898,1482,1505]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">SMF 11797 (paratype)</th>
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AFA59FB6DFA08" box="[931,1161,1482,1505]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">SMF 11794 (paratype)</th>
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482FA59FA75FA08" box="[1195,1425,1482,1505]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">SMF 11804 (paratype)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6FA60FA75F9E0" box="[159,1425,1523,1545]" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6FA60FEB2F9E0" box="[159,342,1523,1545]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Strongyle</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F98EFA75F9DD" box="[159,1425,1565,1588]" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F98EFEB2F9DD" box="[159,342,1565,1588]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF98EFD9FF9DD" box="[404,635,1565,1588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">330–415.7–470 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F98EFC66F9DD" box="[667,898,1565,1588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">280–396.5–500 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF98EFB6DF9DD" box="[931,1161,1565,1588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">380–427.7–470 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482F98EFA75F9DD" box="[1195,1425,1565,1588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">390–471.3–570 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F9D5FA75F9B4" box="[159,1425,1606,1629]" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F9D5FEB2F9B4" box="[159,342,1606,1629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF9D5FD9FF9B4" box="[404,635,1606,1629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">25–29.7–33.75 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F9D5FC66F9B4" box="[667,898,1606,1629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">12.5–24–27.5 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF9D5FB6DF9B4" box="[931,1161,1606,1629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">27.5–30.2–32.5 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482F9D5FA75F9B4" box="[1195,1425,1606,1629]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">22.5–27.2–30 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F9E3FA75F96F" box="[159,1425,1648,1670]" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F9E3FEB2F96F" box="[159,342,1648,1670]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Tylote</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F90AFA75F959" box="[159,1425,1689,1712]" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F90AFEB2F959" box="[159,342,1689,1712]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF90AFD9FF959" box="[404,635,1689,1712]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">320–443–590 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F90AFC66F959" box="[667,898,1689,1712]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">390–511–580 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF90AFB6DF959" box="[931,1161,1689,1712]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">280–449.7–595 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482F90AFA75F959" box="[1195,1425,1689,1712]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">240–490.3–620 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F951FA75F930" box="[159,1425,1730,1753]" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F951FEB2F930" box="[159,342,1730,1753]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF951FD9FF930" box="[404,635,1730,1753]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">6.25–12.3–15 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F951FC66F930" box="[667,898,1730,1753]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">10–13.2–17.5 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF951FB6DF930" box="[931,1161,1730,1753]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">10–13–15 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482F951FA75F930" box="[1195,1425,1730,1753]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">7.5–12–15 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F978FA75F8E8" box="[159,1425,1771,1793]" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F978FEB2F8E8" box="[159,342,1771,1793]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Style</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F886FA75F8C5" box="[159,1425,1813,1836]" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F886FEB2F8C5" box="[159,342,1813,1836]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF886FD9FF8C5" box="[404,635,1813,1836]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">360–421.7–580 (18)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F886FC66F8C5" box="[667,898,1813,1836]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">390–444.2–565 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF886FB6DF8C5" box="[931,1161,1813,1836]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">380–413.3–455 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F8ADFA75F8BC" box="[159,1425,1854,1877]" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F8ADFEB2F8BC" box="[159,342,1854,1877]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF8ADFD9FF8BC" box="[404,635,1854,1877]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">3.75–8.6–15 (18)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F8ADFC66F8BC" box="[667,898,1854,1877]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">3–4.7–7 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF8ADFB6DF8BC" box="[931,1161,1854,1877]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">6.25–8.8–10 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F8FBFA75F897" box="[159,1425,1896,1918]" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="45" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F8FBFEB2F897" box="[159,342,1896,1918]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">Palmate Isochelae</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="35763484CD2277FD80B6F802FA75F841" box="[159,1425,1937,1960]" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<th id="76A75DF8CD2277FD80B6F802FEB2F841" box="[159,342,1937,1960]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">length</th>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD81BDF802FD9FF841" box="[404,635,1937,1960]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">11–15.9–18 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD82B2F802FC66F841" box="[667,898,1937,1960]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">13–16.7–20 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD838AF802FB6DF841" box="[931,1161,1937,1960]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">14–16.8–19 (30)</td>
|
||
<td id="76A75DF8CD2277FD8482F802FA75F841" box="[1195,1425,1937,1960]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="17" pageNumber="45">15–17.5–20 (30)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD21881080EEFF04FA96FE1D" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Spiculation (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6C4037DCD218810817CFF04FE7AFF46" box="[341,414,151,175]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="17.[151,239,1399,1423]" captionTargetBox="[159,1425,1482,1960]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule sizes of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. Values in µm are given as follows: minimum – mean – maximum (number of spicules measured)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" tableUuid="DF39664ECD22881380BEFAE4FDBEFA46">Tab. 3</tableCitation>
|
||
): Main spicules relatively thick strongyles, usually curved with a distinct kink towards one end (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD21881080F9FF2FFEF7FF3D" box="[208,275,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
A, B), 330–470 (mean 415.7) µm long and 25–33.75 (mean 29.7) µm wide. Other prominent spicules are tylotes, long, relatively thin, diactinal spicules, usually with swollen endings. In some cases, swellings very weak or even absent, so that one end shows a strongyle-like shape. Endings of these spicules usually bear tiny spines, all oriented in distal direction (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD218810826CFEB4FD63FED6" box="[581,647,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
E). In some cases, spines reduced to only one central spine (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD218810851BFEB4FA91FED6" box="[1330,1397,295,319]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
F), thus giving the spicule a tornote-like shape. Contrary to tornotes, these tylotes are not epidermal, but choanosomal spicules. Tylotes show a wide size variance, with mean length of 320–590 (mean 443) µm and diameter about 6.25–15 (mean 12.3) µm. Very rare are styles (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD2188108298FE07FD12FE45" box="[689,758,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
G), 360–580 (mean 421.7) x 3.75–15 (mean 8) µm, which seem to be reduced tylotes, occasionally with spines at the rounded end. One specimen (SMF 11804) analyzed without styles. Microscleres palmate isochelae of usual shape, about 11–18 (mean 15.9) µm long (
|
||
<figureCitation id="137D2A43CD21881084CAFE4FFAC1FE1D" box="[1251,1317,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1914,1937]" captionTargetBox="[191,1388,193,1887]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[191,1388,193,1888]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 6. SEM-figures of spicules of Cornulum antarcticum sp. nov. (holotype, SMF 11770). A – B, strongyles, scale: 100 µm. C – D, palmate isochelae, lateral and frontal view. E – G, tornote as tylote with spines at the ends, including close-ups of the ends. H – J, tylote with a single spine at each end, including close-ups. K, style. Scale bars: A, B, E, H, K: 100 µm, C – D: 5 µm, F – G, I – J: 30 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/249025/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
C–D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD21881080EEFD93FAC6FDF1" box="[199,1314,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD21881080EEFD93FAC6FDF1" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1832]" box="[199,1314,511,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881080EEFD93FEAAFDF1" bold="true" box="[199,334,512,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The species is named after its
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD218810828FFD93FD32FDF1" box="[678,726,512,536]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality; it is the first
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517656CD21881083E4FE6CFBD1FDFE" box="[973,1077,511,535]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
record of this genus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C35C654DCD21881080EEFDB7FC96F8CE" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD21881080EEFDB7FC83FA91" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881080EEFDB7FEDFFDD5" bold="true" box="[199,315,548,572]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
The genus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881081ECFDB7FDD3FDD5" box="[453,567,548,572]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881081ECFDB7FDD3FDD5" box="[453,567,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
currently comprises nine valid species, none of which are known from the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517656CD21881080BEFDD4FF1BFDB6" box="[151,255,583,607]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
(van Soest
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881081ACFDDAFE53FD89" box="[389,439,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2012a). Of these, three show a growth form very similar to our new species. These are
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881080BEFDFFFD64FD6D" authority="Fristedt, 1887" authorityName="Fristedt" authorityYear="1887" box="[151,640,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enteromorphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881080BEFDFFFE3EFD6D" box="[151,474,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum enteromorphoides</emphasis>
|
||
Fristedt, 1887
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881082A2FDFFFC39FD6D" authority="Carter, 1876" authorityName="Carter" authorityYear="1876" box="[651,989,620,644]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881082A2FDFFFCACFD6D" box="[651,840,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum textile</emphasis>
|
||
Carter, 1876
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the genotype, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810849FFDFFFECBFD4E" authority="Burton, 1935" authorityName="Burton" authorityYear="1935" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubiforme">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810849FFDFFFA7FFD6D" box="[1206,1435,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum tubiforme</emphasis>
|
||
Burton, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108112FD03FD9BFD41" box="[315,639,656,680]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="enteromorphoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108112FD03FD9BFD41" box="[315,639,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum enteromorphoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in contrast to our species possesses acanthostyles and additional large chelae (about 70 µm), but no strongyles (Fristedt 1887).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108338FD27FBE5FD25" box="[785,1025,692,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tubiformes">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108338FD27FBE5FD25" box="[785,1025,692,716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum tubiformes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
differs from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881084BDFD26FAD8FD25" box="[1172,1340,693,716]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881084BDFD26FAD8FD25" box="[1172,1340,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD218810856AFD27FA78FD25" box="[1347,1436,692,716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810856AFD27FA78FD25" bold="true" box="[1347,1436,692,716]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
by the lack of strongyles. Instead, it has styles with a strong spine at the thicker end (called “oxeote tornota” by Burton) of 280 µm length (Burton 1935).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108252FD6FFCDEFCFD" box="[635,826,764,788]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108252FD6FFCDEFCFD" box="[635,826,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD218810835CFD6EFC41FCFC" box="[885,933,765,789]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
species of the genus, shows a good deal of overlap with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108107FCB3FE33FCD1" box="[302,471,800,824]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108107FCB3FE33FCD1" box="[302,471,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881081C9FCB3FDDFFCD1" bold="true" box="[480,571,800,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD21881081C9FCB3FDDFFCD1" box="[480,571,800,824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, so that the assignment of the new species to the genus is clear. Still, some differences occur. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD21881081B6FCD7FDE5FCB5" box="[415,513,836,860]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is shaped much like that of our new species, it is conical, with the smaller end attached to the substrate. As in the new species, the epidermis is very tough with a dense layer of spicules, while the inner tissue is quite soft with reticulate spicule tracts running parallel to the epidermis towards the upper end (Carter 1867). The
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2188108144FC3CFE2BFC2E" box="[365,463,943,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
also shows distinct growth rings. However, in contrast to our new species, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2188108513FC3CFA78FC2E" box="[1338,1436,943,967]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810809DFC46FEFDFC05" box="[180,281,980,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810809DFC46FEFDFC05" box="[180,281,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
widens much more towards the top end. Lundbeck (1910) portrayed two specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881084CCFC46FAADFC05" box="[1253,1353,980,1004]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881084CCFC46FAADFC05" box="[1253,1353,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which are even more similar to the new species in outer shape. These are more slender, not widening much towards the top. One specimen has the top preserved, showing a cap-structure, much like the ones in our new species. This specimen is overgrown by epibionts, which seems to be typical for the genus, as its surface is tough and the tube rises significantly above the ground, therefore providing a good substrate for other animals. The spiculation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881085ABFBF6FF3FFB49" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881085ABFBF6FF3FFB49" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810813BFB1BFE5DFB49" box="[274,441,1160,1184]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810813BFB1BFE5DFB49" box="[274,441,1160,1184]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881081E9FB1BFDFEFB49" bold="true" box="[448,538,1160,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD21881081E9FB1BFDFEFB49" box="[448,538,1160,1184]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows significant similarities (compare Carter 1876; Hooper 2002a).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108503FB1BFF3FFB2D" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108503FB1BFF3FFB2D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has tylotes with spiny ends, 290–370
|
||
<date id="FFF81006CD21881082BBFB3EFD05FB2D" box="[658,737,1196,1220]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" value="1922-10-08">x 8–22</date>
|
||
µm, and thick styles, which can occasionally occur as anisostrongyles, 390–480
|
||
<date id="FFF81006CD21881081AAFB42FE3AFB01" box="[387,478,1232,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" value="1915-10-22">x 15–22</date>
|
||
µm). Palmate chelae are of the usual
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD21881083A4FB42FC24FB00" box="[909,960,1233,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">type</typeStatus>
|
||
, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108420FB43FB55FB01" box="[1033,1201,1232,1256]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108420FB43FB55FB01" box="[1033,1201,1232,1256]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108490FB43FAF7FB01" bold="true" box="[1209,1299,1232,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD2188108490FB43FAF7FB01" box="[1209,1299,1232,1256]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, 11–15 µm. Also smaller, somewhat bow-shaped monaxons occur, which Hooper (2002a) refers to as “toxas”. Especially in the figures of Carter (1876), these spicules look much like the small styles described above for the new species. But unlike in the new species, in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881081F3FAAEFDDAFABD" box="[474,574,1340,1364]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="textile">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881081F3FAAEFDDAFABD" box="[474,574,1340,1364]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. textile</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, they are very numerous and measure 190–310
|
||
<date id="FFF81006CD218810847FFAAEFB71FABD" box="[1110,1173,1340,1364]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">x 1–3</date>
|
||
µm. (all measurements taken from the re-description of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="54FD8864CD2188108202FAF3FD69FA91" box="[555,653,1376,1400]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
by Hooper 2002a).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD21881080EEFA17FCF9F97E" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
Another species that is similar in shape to our new
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108330FA17FC6FFA75" box="[793,907,1412,1436]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108330FA17FC6FFA75" box="[793,907,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108386FA17FF3EFA29" authority="Kirkpatrick, 1907" authorityName="Kirkpatrick" authorityYear="1907" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula" subGenus="Tedaniopsis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108386FA17FAE5FA75" box="[943,1281,1412,1436]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Tedania (Tedaniopsis) tantula</emphasis>
|
||
(Kirkpatrick, 1907)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which is also very common in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3517656CD21881082B2FA3BFCE3FA29" box="[667,775,1448,1472]" name="Antarctica" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108331FA3BFBE6FA29" box="[792,1026,1448,1472]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108331FA3BFC95FA29" box="[792,881,1448,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tedania</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810839AFA3BFBE6FA29" box="[947,1026,1448,1472]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">tantula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
shows a very similar habit as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881085ABFA3BFEF9FA0D" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarcticum" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881085ABFA3BFEF9FA0D" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">C. antarcticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810810DFA5FFE99FA0D" bold="true" box="[292,381,1484,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A20157AFCD218810810DFA5FFE99FA0D" box="[292,381,1484,1508]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(especially good figures of the habitus of several specimens can be found in Ríos 2006). It has a tubular shape and grows erect on the substrate. However, the spiculation of
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810842FFA62FB45F9E1" box="[1030,1185,1520,1544]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
T. (T.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810847BFA63FB45F9E1" box="[1106,1185,1520,1544]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">tantula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is very different from that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881080D9F987FE86F9C5" box="[240,354,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881080D9F987FE86F9C5" box="[240,354,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD218810815DF987FDB8F9C5" box="[372,604,1556,1580]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810815DF987FE29F9C5" box="[372,461,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tedania</taxonomicName>
|
||
(T.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108224F987FDB8F9C5" box="[525,604,1556,1580]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">tantula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
has no chelae, but acanthose onychaetes. Other megascleres are thick strongyles, sometimes style-like with a pointed end, and tylote tornotes (Kirkpatrick 1908). The epidermis is not as tough as that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD2188108162F9CFFE59F99D" box="[331,445,1628,1652]" class="Demospongiae" family="Acarnidae" genus="Cornulum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108162F9CFFE59F99D" box="[331,445,1628,1652]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">Cornulum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, because the spicule layers are not as dense as in the latter. For detailed descriptions and measurements of the SYSTCO I
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD2188108221F912FD45F971" box="[520,673,1664,1688]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
T. (T.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD218810827BF913FD45F971" box="[594,673,1664,1688]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">tantula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
see below.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8BF936C6CD21881080EEF937FC96F8CE" blockId="18.[151,1437,151,1832]" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
As the species occurred in quite a large quantity on the lower shelf in a quite well-studied area, it seems highly likely, that specimens of this species have been found before, but were mistakenly classified as the well-known
|
||
<emphasis id="B932EAD4CD21881085AEF95AFEFCF8ED" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="46">
|
||
T. (T.)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C464D45CD21881080E0F97FFEFCF8ED" box="[201,280,1772,1796]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tedaniidae" genus="Tedania" kingdom="Animalia" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="18" pageNumber="46" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="tantula">tantula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
, because of the very similar shape. This may be a special problem when working with ROVs, as pictures of the two species will have no recognizable differences.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |