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<document id="A94568E8EBBC0B2738874F121780D6B9" ID-DOI="10.1515/mammalia-2015-0073" ID-ISSN="1864-1547" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10476681" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1702521025615" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Kryštufek, Boris, Mahmoudi, Ahmad, Tesakov, Alexey S., Matějů, Jan &amp; Hutterer, Rainer" docDate="2016" docId="03EE87BAFFEE5B03FCE6FA6FFE09FA48" docLanguage="en" docName="Mammalia.80.5.521-540.pdf" docOrigin="Mammalia (Warsaw, Poland) 80 (5)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2015-0073" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6C173CCC1D5EC0136B755626151D98B6.2:Mammalia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleId="6C173CCC1D5EC0136B755626151D98B6" docStyleName="Mammalia.2015-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Spermophilopsis leptodactylus" docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="536" masterDocId="FFD7FFC2FFE05B0CFFFCFFD6FFD1FFD8" masterDocTitle="A review of bristly ground squirrels Xerini and a generic revision in the African genus Xerus" masterLastPageNumber="540" masterPageNumber="521" pageNumber="535" updateTime="1704843893554" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BB165CFAC57F2954096BB589C67E27BE">A review of bristly ground squirrels Xerini and a generic revision in the African genus Xerus</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEE5B02FCE6FA6FFA55FA0F" ID-CoL="4YK9T" authority="(Lichtenstein)" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[794,1412,1465,1496]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptodactylus">
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEE5B02FCE6FA6FFB6FFA0F" bold="true" box="[794,1214,1465,1496]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Spermophilopsis leptodactylus</emphasis>
(Lichtenstein)
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: Long-clawed ground squirrel
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</paragraph>
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<treatmentCitation id="0AE610BDFFEE5B02FCE6F9F0FA98F9E6" author="Lichtenstein, H." box="[794,1353,1574,1598]" page="119" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" year="1823">
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEE5B02FCE6F9F0FA98F9E6" authority="Lichtenstein, 1823, p. 119" authorityName="Lichtenstein" authorityPageNumber="119" authorityYear="1823" box="[794,1353,1574,1598]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Arctomys" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptodactylus">
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEE5B02FCE6F9F0FBCBF9E6" bold="true" box="[794,1050,1574,1598]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Arctomys leptodactylus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEE5B02FBDAF9F0FB25F9E6" author="Lichtenstein, H." box="[1062,1268,1574,1598]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" refId="ref15765" refString="Lichtenstein, H. 1823. Reise von Orenburg nach Buchara von Eduard Eversmann. Verlag von E. H. Christiani, Berlin." type="book" year="1823">Lichtenstein, 1823</bibRefCitation>
, p. 119
</taxonomicName>
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.
<typeStatus id="54FC880EFFEE5B02FAA4F9F1FA5CF9E7" box="[1368,1421,1575,1599]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Type</typeStatus>
locality is “140 Werst diesseits Buchara”, interpreted as “vicinity of Kara-Ata,
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north-west from Buchara,
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEE5B02FC4EF958FBFCF97E" box="[946,1069,1678,1702]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
” (
<treatmentCitation id="0AE610BDFFEE5B02FBBAF958FAD1F97E" author="Ognev &amp; S. I" box="[1094,1280,1678,1702]" page="452" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" year="1940">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEE5B02FBBAF958FAD1F97E" author="Ognev &amp; S. I" box="[1094,1280,1678,1702]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" refId="ref16280" refString="Ognev S. I. 1940. The Mammals of the USSR and Adjacent Countries (The Mammals of Eastern Europe and northern Asia). Volume 4. Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR, Moskva &amp; Leningrad, pp. 615 (in Russian)." type="book" year="1940">Ognev 1940: 452</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
).
<treatmentCitation id="0AE610BDFFEE5B02FAEEF958FC26F911" author="Thorington, R. W. Jr. &amp; J. L. Koprowski &amp; M. A. Steele &amp; J. F. Whatton" page="202" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" year="2012">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEE5B02FAEEF958FC26F911" author="Thorington, R. W. Jr. &amp; J. L. Koprowski &amp; M. A. Steele &amp; J. F. Whatton" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" refId="ref18023" refString="Thorington, R. W. Jr., J. L. Koprowski, M. A. Steele and J. F. Whatton. 2012. Squirrels of the World. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore." type="book" year="2012">Thorington et al. (2012: 202)</bibRefCitation>
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erroneously fixed the
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locality to “
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,
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEE5B02FC3AF905FBC3F933" box="[966,1042,1747,1771]" name="Russia" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">Russia</collectingCountry>
”.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEE5B02FCE6F8CFFB8DF88B" blockId="14.[794,1421,1817,1945]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEE5B02FCE6F8CFFB81F8E9" author="Gromov, I. M. &amp; M. A. Erbajeva" box="[794,1104,1817,1841]" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" refId="ref14434" refString="Gromov, I. M. and M. A. Erbajeva. 1995. The mammals of Russia and adjacent territories. Lagomorphs and rodents. Russian Acad. Sci., St. Petersburg. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1995">Gromov and Erbajeva (1995)</bibRefCitation>
recognized three subspecies which differ in size and color.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C35D6527FFEE5B03FCE6F888FE09FA48" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEE5B03FCE6F888FD70FE86" blockId="14.[794,1421,1817,1945]" lastBlockId="15.[166,794,187,1428]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="536" pageId="14" pageNumber="535">
Etymology.
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<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEE5B02FC3EF888FB83F8AE" authorityName="F. Cuvier" authorityYear="1825" box="[962,1106,1886,1910]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="14" pageNumber="535" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Spermophilus</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
(a genus of ground squirrels) from “sperma” (seed) and “phylos” (loving; both Greek) in allusion to the animals principal food+“opis” (Greek) “of appearance”; i.e. “of same appearance as ground squirrel”. The species name is from “leptos” (slender)+“dactylos” (finger, both Greek), on allusion on slender fingers bearing excessively long claws.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEF5B03FF5AFEBFFD06FC74" blockId="15.[166,794,187,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">
Diagnosis. A large and short-tailed bristly ground squirrel with a seasonally dimorphic pelage (bristly and sparse in summer, long, dense and silky in winter); dorsal color is plain, with no stripes (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FE0BFE07FD83FE31" box="[503,594,465,489]" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="5.[166,222,1894,1914]" captionTargetBox="[166,790,1158,1863]" captionTargetId="figure-68@5.[166,790,1158,1863]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figure 3: Long-clawed ground squirrel SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (Kyzyl Kum, Kazakhstan; photo courtesy Nedko Nedyalkov)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476687" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476687/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 3</figureCitation>
). The external ear is extremely reduced to a rounded thickened rim, the tragus and the antitragus however are present. Soles and plants are densely clothed with hair; the pollex is clawed; claws on the remaining digits are heavily thickened and enlarged (&gt;
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in length) (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FE0CFDA8FD9CFD4E" box="[496,589,638,662]" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="6.[136,193,953,973]" captionTargetBox="[137,762,175,921]" captionTargetId="figure-210@6.[136,762,174,922]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Figure 4: Right front paw (ventral view) in (1) SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (ZFMK 92.478) and (2) AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (NMW 28084). Roman numerals correspond to digits (No. I is the thumb); a.v. antebrachial vibrissae. Note that digit III is longer than either digits II and IV. Also note differences in length of claws (decidedly longer in SPermoPhiloPSiS) and in hairiness of the palm (nude in AtlantoxerUS). Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476689" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476689/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 4</figureCitation>
); 1 tuft of supraorbital vibrissae. Melanocits are present in the cerebral
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEF5B03FD14FD76FF34FD03" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">dura mater</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FF08FD15FE58FD03" author="Sokolov, W." box="[244,393,707,731]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" pagination="105 - 106" refId="ref17484" refString="Sokolov, W. 1963. Pigment in the dura mater of mammals. Nature 4875: 105 - 106." type="journal article" year="1963">Sokolov 1963</bibRefCitation>
). Skull is wide and deep, with short braincase (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FEE1FD30FEA9FD26" box="[285,376,742,766]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="7.[166,223,1659,1679]" captionTargetBox="[170,786,1159,1624]" captionTargetId="figure-228@7.[166,790,1155,1628]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="Figure 6: Bivariate plot of six Xerini species onto the first two principal components (PC) derived from ordination of nine cranial measurements (transformed to log10). Percentage of variance explained by individual PC is in parentheses. 95% confidence ellipses show the dispersion of all specimens within each species and letters indicate group centroids. Skulls (in dorsal view) are depicted to scale: A AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (PMS 19301); E EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 47.972); Gi GeoSciUrUS inaUriS (NMW 32092); GP GeoSciUrUS PrincePS (NMW 32097); S SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (NMW 25782); X XerUS rUtilUS (ZFMK 81.234)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476693" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476693/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 6</figureCitation>
); external
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEF5B03FE15FD30FD70FD26" bold="true" box="[489,673,742,766]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">meatus acusticus</emphasis>
has a bony tube; the parieto-interparietal suture is retained in adults; jugal bone has a short wedge-like extension between the lacrimal and maxillary (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FE48FC98FDCEFCBE" box="[436,543,846,870]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="13.[166,223,647,667]" captionTargetBox="[169,1416,177,615]" captionTargetId="figure-470@13.[166,1419,174,616]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 10: Anterior zygomatic arch in three genera of Xerini to show differences in a suture between the lacrimal (lac), the maxillary (max) and the jugal (ju) bones. 1 SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (NMW 32092); 2 AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (NMW 43000); 3 EUxerUS erythroPUS (ZFMK 97.472). Arrow points on a wedge-like extension of the jugal between the lacrimal and maxillary in SPermoPhiloPSiS and AtlantoxerUS. A bluntly truncated top of jugal bone at the lacrimal bone which is distinctive of sub-Saharan Xerina, is shown by triangle. Not to scale." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476701" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476701/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 10</figureCitation>
); buccinator and masticatory foramina fused. Cheek-teeth are strongly hypsodont; the 3
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upper premolar is present (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FD92FC45FD18FC74" box="[622,713,915,940]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="8.[136,193,1718,1738]" captionTargetBox="[136,760,1070,1687]" captionTargetId="figure-626@8.[136,760,1070,1687]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Figure 8: Left maxillary (above) and right mandibular (below) toothrows in Xerini: 1 EUxerUS erythroPUS (NHML 69.10.24.18/ZFMK 97.467), 2 XerUS rUtilUS (ZFMK 81.234/ZFMK 96.251); 3 GeoSciUrUS inaUriS (ZFMK 55.147); 4 AtlantoxerUS getUlUS (PMS 19301 / ZFMK 88.195); 5 SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS (ZFMK 92.497/ ZFMK 92.496). Abbreviations for cheek-teeth: P/p upper/lower premolar, M/m upper/lower molar; numbers refer to a position in the tooth-row. Scale bar=2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476697" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476697/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 8</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEF5B03FF5AFC60FE89FB46" blockId="15.[166,794,187,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">
Distribution. The long-clawed ground squirrel is restricted to sandy deserts (“peski” in Russian) of Central Asia, from the Caspian Sea in the west to Lake Balkash in the east, and from the Sea of Aral in the north to northern
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEF5B03FF5AFB97FEFDFB81" box="[166,300,1089,1113]" name="Afghanistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Afghanistan</collectingCountry>
in the south (
<figureCitation id="137C2A29FFEF5B03FE3DFB97FDCDFB81" box="[449,540,1089,1113]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="9.[166,223,1565,1585]" captionTargetBox="[169,1128,177,1531]" captionTargetId="figure-10@9.[166,1131,174,1534]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="Figure 9: Distributional ranges of Xerini. Fossil (Late Oligocene to Early Pleistocene) records (top inset) are based on Fortelius (2015) with corrections and additions from Gromov and Erbajeva (1995), Kozhamkulova and Bendukidze (2005), Winkler et al. (2010), Flynn and Wessels (2013), and Maridet et al. (2014). Map of recent ranges (inset below) does not show the isolate of EUxerUS erythroPUS in Morocco, and the population of AtlantoxerUS getUlUS introduced to Fuerteventura, Canary Islands." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10476699" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10476699/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Figure 9</figureCitation>
). The majority of distributional area is in
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEF5B03FE85FBB5FDC4FBA3" box="[377,533,1123,1147]" name="Turkmenistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Turkmenistan</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEF5B03FDDCFBB5FD4BFBA3" box="[544,666,1123,1147]" name="Uzbekistan" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Uzbekistan</collectingCountry>
and southern
<collectingCountry id="F350763CFFEF5B03FF2CFB50FE82FB46" box="[208,339,1158,1182]" name="Kazakhstan" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Kazakhstan</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BF836ACFFEF5B03FF5AFB7FFE09FA48" blockId="15.[166,794,187,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">
Remarks.
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEF5B03FEE9FB71FEF5FB18" bold="true" box="[277,292,1191,1216]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536"></emphasis>
Abundant information on various biological issues of
<taxonomicName id="4C474D2FFFEF5B03FEF3FB1DFD86FB3B" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[271,599,1227,1251]" class="Mammalia" family="Sciuridae" genus="Spermophilopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Rodentia" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="leptodactylus">
<emphasis id="B933EABEFFEF5B03FEF3FB1DFD86FB3B" bold="true" box="[271,599,1227,1251]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="536">Spermophilopsis leptodactylus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
exists in Russian (
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FF51FB38FEAEFADE" author="Sludskiy, A. A. &amp; S. N. Varshavsky &amp; M. I. Ismagilov &amp; V. I. Kapitonov &amp; I. G. Shubin" box="[173,383,1262,1286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" refId="ref17344" refString="Sludskiy, A. A., S. N. Varshavsky, M. I. Ismagilov, V. I. Kapitonov and I. G. Shubin. 1969. Mammals of Kazakhstan. Vol. 1, Part 1. Rodents (Marmots and ground squirrels). &quot; Science &quot; of the Kazakh SSR, Alma-Ata. (in Russian)." type="book" year="1969">Sludskiy et al. 1969</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FE74FB38FDE3FADE" author="Komarova, L. V." box="[392,562,1262,1286]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" pagination="201 - 23172" refId="ref15391" refString="Komarova, L. V. 1980. The distribution and some ecological features of the long-clawed ground squirrel. Fauna i Ekologiya Gryzunov 14: 201 - 23172 (in Russian, with summary in English)." type="journal article" year="1980">Komarova 1980</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FDC0FB38FF0DFAF0" author="Zubov, V. V. &amp; A. A. Svidenko" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" pagination="40 - 64" refId="ref18762" refString="Zubov, V. V. and A. A. Svidenko. 2005. Long-clawed ground squirrel (SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS Lichtenstein, 1823). In: (V. V. Kuceruk and L. A. Hlyap, eds.): Lagomorphs and Rodents of the Central Asian Deserts. GEOS, Moscow. pp. 40 - 64. (in Russian)." type="book chapter" year="2005">Zubov and Svidenko 2005</bibRefCitation>
) which however is unknown to the English speaking community (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FEADFAE5FD90FA93" author="Thorington, R. W. Jr. &amp; J. L. Koprowski &amp; M. A. Steele &amp; J. F. Whatton" box="[337,577,1331,1355]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" refId="ref18023" refString="Thorington, R. W. Jr., J. L. Koprowski, M. A. Steele and J. F. Whatton. 2012. Squirrels of the World. The Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, Baltimore." type="book" year="2012">Thorington et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). For general review in English see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FEB8FA80FE03FAB6" author="Ognev, S. I." box="[324,466,1366,1390]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" refId="ref16326" refString="Ognev, S. I. 1966. Mammals of the U. S. S. R. and Adjacent Countries. Mammals of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Vol. IV. Rodents. Israel Program for Scientific Translations, Jerusalem." type="book" year="1966">Ognev (1966)</bibRefCitation>
and for a study of the ecology (in French) see
<bibRefCitation id="EFD64B5DFFEF5B03FEB1FAAFFE02FA48" author="Ruzic, A." box="[333,467,1400,1428]" pageId="15" pageNumber="536" pagination="173 - 185" refId="ref17127" refString="Ruzic, A. 1967. Contribution a l'ecologie de SPermoPhiloPSiS lePtodactylUS Lich. dans le desert au sud de Buchara. Mammalia 31: 173 - 185." type="journal article" year="1967">RuŽić (1967)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>