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<mods:title id="C94515EE0E0C1D2E010ACCB5A0E75C9F">Review of Mesozoic Perissommatidae (Insecta: Diptera)</mods:title>
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<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF26A23048F8FCA2" blockId="12.[151,478,801,863]" box="[151,478,801,828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<heading id="D099541AFF96FFAEFF26A23048F8FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,478,801,828]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFF26A23048F8FCA2" ID-CoL="89QBX" authority="Kovalev, 1986" authorityName=": Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,478,801,828]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF26A23048F8FCA2" bold="true" box="[151,478,801,828]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF26A230480EFCA5" bold="true" box="[151,296,801,828]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvaniella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF9E87FF96FFAEFE81A23048F8FCA2" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[304,478,801,827]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7195" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraorders Vibionomorрha and Asilomorрha. In: Insects in the Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia. Trudy Sovmestnoy Sovestsko-Mongol'skoy Paleontologicheskoy Espedidtsii, 28 (Insects in Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia), pp. 125 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C374B0FDFF96FFAEFF26A2544856FCC6" box="[151,368,837,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="description">
<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF26A2544856FCC6" blockId="12.[151,478,801,863]" box="[151,368,837,863]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
(
<figureCitation id="1355FFF3FF96FFAEFF2EA2544838FCC6" box="[159,286,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1869,1894]" captionTargetBox="[195,1413,806,1845]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[151,1436,789,1850]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 7. Mesozoic Perissommatinae (modified originals of V.G. Kovalev). AB.?Palaeoperissomma demetrii Kovalev, 1990, holotype PIN No. 1742/667 (Turga, K1). A. Total view. B. Antenna. C. Total view of Gurvaniella hosbayari Kovalev, 1986, holotype PIN No. 3149/1789 (Gurvan, K1). Scale bars 1 mm. Figs A, B after Kovalev 1990: fig. 105a, b; Fig C after Kovalev 1986: fig. 97a." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3602688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3602688/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Figures 7C</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1355FFF3FF96FFAEFE9BA254484EFCC6" box="[298,360,837,863]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,166,1890]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesozoic Perissommatinae. A, B. Head and total view of Palaeoperissomma collessi Kovalev in Kalugina &amp; Kovalev, 1985, PIN No. 1255/1341 (Kubekovo, J2). C, D. Head and total view of?Palaeoperissomma demetrii Kovalev, 1990, holotype PIN No. 1742/667 (Turga, K1). E, F. Head and total view of Gurvaniella hosbayari Kovalev, 1986, holotype PIN No. 3149/1789 (Gurvan, K1). Scale bars 200 μm (A, C, E), 1 mm (B, D, F). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, vein-like fold; o, ocelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3602690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3602690/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">8E, F</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374B0FDFF96FFAEFF26A29848CEFC38" box="[151,488,904,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF26A29848CEFC38" blockId="12.[151,488,904,929]" box="[151,488,904,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="AB7EC458FF96FFAEFF26A29848CEFC38" box="[151,488,904,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFF26A29848C2FC38" ID-CoL="89QBX" authority=": Kovalev 1986: 127" authorityName=": Kovalev" authorityPageNumber="127" authorityYear="1986" box="[151,484,904,929]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF26A2984837FC38" box="[151,273,905,929]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvaniella</emphasis>
:
<treatmentCitation id="0ACFC567FF96FFAEFEAEA29948C2FC38" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[287,484,904,929]" page="127" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" year="1986">
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF9E87FF96FFAEFEAEA29948C2FC38" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[287,484,904,929]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7195" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraorders Vibionomorрha and Asilomorрha. In: Insects in the Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia. Trudy Sovmestnoy Sovestsko-Mongol'skoy Paleontologicheskoy Espedidtsii, 28 (Insects in Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia), pp. 125 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev 1986: 127</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374B0FDFF96FFAEFF26A2C14B3BFB94" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="type_taxon">
<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF26A2C14D14FC73" blockId="12.[151,1437,975,1362]" box="[151,1074,975,1007]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<materialsCitation id="3B06E92BFF96FFAEFF26A2C14D14FC73" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2545458603" box="[151,1074,975,1007]" country="Mongolia" location="Gurvan-Eren" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF26A2C1480DFC73" bold="true" box="[151,299,975,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<typeStatus id="54D55DD4FF96FFAEFF26A2C149F4FC73" box="[151,210,976,1002]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Type</typeStatus>
species
</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFE88A2C14BC4FC70" authority="Kovalev, 1986" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[313,738,975,1002]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hosbayari">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFE88A2C14B1EFC73" box="[313,568,976,1002]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvaniella hosbayari</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF9E87FF96FFAEFD8EA2DE4BC4FC70" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[575,738,975,1001]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7195" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraorders Vibionomorрha and Asilomorрha. In: Insects in the Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia. Trudy Sovmestnoy Sovestsko-Mongol'skoy Paleontologicheskoy Espedidtsii, 28 (Insects in Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia), pp. 125 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev, 1986</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(
<location id="8EB1B5ADFF96FFAEFD41A2C14AA1FC73" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:03C75260FF96FFAEFF26A2304B76FACB:8EB1B5ADFF96FFAEFD41A2C14AA1FC73" box="[752,903,976,1002]" country="Mongolia" name="Gurvan-Eren" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvan-Eren</location>
,
<collectingCountry id="F379A3E6FF96FFAEFC23A2DE4D24FC70" box="[914,1026,975,1001]" name="Mongolia" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Mongolia</collectingCountry>
, K
<subScript id="17EAE133FF96FFAEFB90A2F04D0FFC76" attach="left" box="[1057,1065,993,1007]" fontSize="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">1</subScript>
)
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF76A2E24B3BFB94" blockId="12.[151,1437,975,1362]" box="[199,541,1011,1038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF76A2E248B5FB97" bold="true" box="[199,403,1011,1038]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Species included.</emphasis>
Monotypic.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C374B0FDFF96FFAEFF76A5094B76FACB" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8BD1E376FF96FFAEFF76A5094B76FACB" blockId="12.[151,1437,975,1362]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFF76A509481DFBAB" bold="true" box="[199,315,1048,1074]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="54D55DD4FF96FFAEFEC2A50648F3FBA8" box="[371,469,1047,1073]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFE4BA5094BADFBAB" authorityName="Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[506,651,1048,1074]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hosbayari">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFE4BA5094BADFBAB" box="[506,651,1048,1074]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">G. hosbayari</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(PIN, No. 3149/1789) was re-studied by us. Antenna are, as usually in the family, rather short and stout, with 11 segments, flagellum not clearly differentiated, segment 2 (pedicel) longest, all segments with fine setae only. In the original description of this male
<bibRefCitation id="EFFF9E87FF96FFAEFC66A54E4DAFFBE3" author="Kovalev, V. G." box="[983,1161,1119,1146]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" pagination="125 - 154" refId="ref7195" refString="Kovalev, V. G. (1986) Infraorders Vibionomorрha and Asilomorрha. In: Insects in the Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia. Trudy Sovmestnoy Sovestsko-Mongol'skoy Paleontologicheskoy Espedidtsii, 28 (Insects in Early Cretaceous Ecosystems of Western Mongolia), pp. 125 - 154." type="book chapter" year="1986">Kovalev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
noted differences in the size of facets, with anterior smaller ones, together with a broad frons. However, re-examination of the
<typeStatus id="54D55DD4FF96FFAEFB4EA5924C47FB04" box="[1279,1377,1155,1181]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(
<figureCitation id="1355FFF3FF96FFAEFADEA5924991FB5B" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="11.[151,250,1909,1934]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,166,1890]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[151,1436,166,1890]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 8. Mesozoic Perissommatinae. A, B. Head and total view of Palaeoperissomma collessi Kovalev in Kalugina &amp; Kovalev, 1985, PIN No. 1255/1341 (Kubekovo, J2). C, D. Head and total view of?Palaeoperissomma demetrii Kovalev, 1990, holotype PIN No. 1742/667 (Turga, K1). E, F. Head and total view of Gurvaniella hosbayari Kovalev, 1986, holotype PIN No. 3149/1789 (Gurvan, K1). Scale bars 200 μm (A, C, E), 1 mm (B, D, F). Abbreviations: e, eye; f, vein-like fold; o, ocelli." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3602690" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3602690/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Fig. 8E</figureCitation>
) and its comparison with the new genus described herein (
<figureCitation id="1355FFF3FF96FFAEFCF5A5B64A9DFB5B" box="[836,955,1191,1218]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1924,1949]" captionTargetBox="[203,1385,166,1904]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[203,1385,166,1904]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. C.gnoma gen. et sp. nov. AC. Paratype PIN No. 5340/2982, male. A, B. Ventral and dorsal view of head (part and counterpart). C. Leg. D, E. Holotype PIN No. 5026/201, male, total view and terminalia. FH. Paratype PIN No. 5340/2981, female. F. Antenna. G. Cerci. H. Total view. Scale bars 200 μm (A, B, C, E, F, G), 1 mm (D, H)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3602684" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3602684/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Fig. 5A, B</figureCitation>
) showed that the ventral side of the head is visible and the eyes could be holoptic in
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFDEAA5DD4BC4FB7F" authorityName=": Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" box="[603,738,1228,1254]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFDEAA5DD4BC4FB7F" box="[603,738,1228,1254]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvaniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and the ocelli are also not visible. Kovalev included
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFA87A5DD49E7FA93" authorityName=": Kovalev" authorityYear="1986" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Gurvaniella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFA87A5DD49E7FA93" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Gurvaniella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
only in superfamily Perissommatoidea based on eye pattern (different from living
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFBD4A5E14DC9FA90" authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1962" box="[1125,1263,1264,1289]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" genus="Perissomma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B91A3F64FF96FFAEFBD4A5E14DC9FA90" box="[1125,1263,1264,1289]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="493">Perissomma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
), together with unusually large size and poorly preserved wing venation of the
<typeStatus id="54D55DD4FF96FFAEFCE7A4024A9DFAB4" box="[854,955,1299,1325]" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, but new data allow us to include the genus into
<taxonomicName id="4C6E98F5FF96FFAEFF7BA42648AFFAC8" authorityName="Colless" authorityYear="1962" box="[202,393,1335,1361]" class="Insecta" family="Perissommatidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="493" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Perissommatidae</taxonomicName>
(see Discussion).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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