376 lines
51 KiB
XML
376 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document id="70B07CCE6CDE9504C37FCD2BD8E6FA74" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.157563" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a24591c0-c791-4e88-924b-104fddbe76b9" ID-ISSN="11755326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="157563" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461011037845" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="López-Fernández, Hernán & Taphorn, Donald C." docDate="2004" docId="039EFA2CFFEBFFF8FEB7EAC0FB8C82C9" docLanguage="en" docName="zt00439.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 439" docStyle="DocumentStyle:FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF.3:Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleId="FA7E419B012A62B0FC3AC15A186C3DAF" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2001-2006.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Geophagus winemilleri López-Fernández & Taphorn, 2004, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="22" masterDocId="FFA78254FFFBFFEDFFBFE831FFC58436" masterDocTitle="Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela" masterLastPageNumber="27" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1698567285836" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="2E3E03C62DDCA8281A3A6BCD415ED827" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="849DE3E54E0D815C617A2A887A953B7E">
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<mods:title id="AA08DC0729858015E3622B7EF2A82257">Geophagus abalios, G. dicrozoster and G. winemilleri (Perciformes: Cichlidae), three new species from Venezuela</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="A171681EC9712AA44E81916FB80D4326" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="BD60C13038F0656BA26E974DAAA0553C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="91A34D8D8026C79E1489BBBBA5717E23">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="8E3C9C615EEC829423DB6BE1986C760F">López-Fernández, Hernán</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="A13389F6D5E83CD22A76FEF4923D65C3" type="personal">
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<mods:role id="883AB45CEA01764679C7C247AC05B86C">
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<mods:roleTerm id="EE44FA45D36B876076B64BE7A1B21C50">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0C8D5848F6BB10FC398E47F6A32DB569">Taphorn, Donald C.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="49A11AE09BD1BF56ED0D7B5C93921525">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem id="3C6405D5537E9669870BC47A7D36E2FD" type="host">
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<mods:title id="62BBABD153018BF5C2989DC4B2A3E4A1">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="8698AA460C2398EAC30B1D265AE87B9A">
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<mods:date id="C2ABEA155A475D3CEEC04C16CD928E39">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="EF42A6D2EE8B43813A0BC764F5BC2728" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="CF296FD7373E5F9522A0EEA14007B240">439</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent id="F5120417513C26B3D3DB0967317C4377" unit="page">
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<mods:start id="1139D96A8CE6FD939DFE71BB9501143A">1</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="5A89542DA6DF71403C29F493E92264E2">27</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification id="4193AE56E2171398541CF7BA59691868">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3F0C8F68A5D760AA3213DA91178250A8" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.157563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="5AC160DB1FCCC65F0232757E59D209C1" type="GBIF-Dataset">a24591c0-c791-4e88-924b-104fddbe76b9</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="FB1A7CE9AF42E426B06491FB9E5E3364" type="ISSN">11755326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="A8AE6FD58C155C9126A3B38F120F0F2C" type="Zenodo-Dep">157563</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="B476A61531091F14D900903625BFAB47" type="ZooBank">0288D909-8064-4FFC-92EC-6FFB5FED25CD</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment id="039EFA2CFFEBFFF8FEB7EAC0FB8C82C9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5685159" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119600283" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5685159" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:039EFA2CFFEBFFF8FEB7EAC0FB8C82C9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/039EFA2CFFEBFFF8FEB7EAC0FB8C82C9" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FE1D8718" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FDAE873D" blockId="16.[264,619,753,814]" box="[264,619,753,779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<heading id="D0C0FC56FFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FDAE873D" bold="true" box="[264,619,753,779]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" reason="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FDAE873D" bold="true" box="[264,619,753,779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FDE4873D" ID-CoL="3FQVT" box="[264,545,753,779]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFEB7EAC0FDE4873D" bold="true" box="[264,545,753,779]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFEBFFFDFD97EAC0FDAE873D" box="[552,619,753,779]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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||
</emphasis>
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||
</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFEB0EB25FE1D8718" blockId="16.[264,619,753,814]" box="[271,472,788,814]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
(
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<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEBFFFDFEA7EB25FEAF8718" box="[280,362,788,814]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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c, 10–13)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEBFFFCFEB7EB55FB2785C8" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFEB7EB55FB558790" blockId="16.[264,1322,868,934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFEB7EB55FE448748" bold="true" box="[264,385,868,894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="548CF598FFEBFFFDFEB7EB55FEB98748" box="[264,380,868,894]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEBFFFDFE22EB55FE308748" box="[413,501,868,894]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MCNG</collectionCode>
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35486, 195.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFC9BEB55FC648748" box="[804,929,868,894]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Río Siapa: Laguna Yocuta, (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFECFEBBDFE2E8790" box="[368,491,908,934]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="2.1347">2.1347 N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFE4DEBBDFD418790" box="[498,644,908,934]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="-66.3742">66.3742 W</geoCoordinate>
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); K. Winemiller and D. Jepsen,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFEBFFFDFC44EBBDFB498790" box="[1019,1164,908,934]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1997-01-21">21 Jan 1997</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="DF481BB2FFEBFFFDFEB7EDD1FC438228" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168885/files/figure.png" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" targetBox="[273,1313,1033,1492]" targetPageId="16">
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFDFEB7EDD1FC438228" blockId="16.[264,1322,1504,1566]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFEB7EDD1FE5281CE" bold="true" box="[264,407,1504,1528]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">FIGURE 10.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEBFFFDFE1AEDD1FD5B81C1" box="[421,670,1504,1527]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFE1AEDD1FD5B81C1" box="[421,670,1504,1527]" italics="true" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Holotype, MCNG 35486, 195.0 mm SL. Venezuela: Amazonas: Río Siapa: Laguna Yocuta, (2.1347 N 66.3742 W).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEBFFFCFE87EE64FB2785C8" blockId="16.[264,1323,1621,1887]" lastBlockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastPageId="17" lastPageNumber="18" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFEBFFFDFE87EE64FE708259" bold="true" box="[312,437,1621,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">
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<typeStatus id="548CF598FFEBFFFDFE87EE64FE708259" box="[312,437,1621,1647]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEBFFFDFE7BEE64FDD98259" box="[452,540,1621,1647]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MCNG</collectionCode>
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12227, 9, 24.5–47.3 mm SL (4 measured);
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFBA0EE64FB598259" box="[1055,1180,1621,1647]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Río Casiquiare: El Porvenir, approx. 60 Km. from confluence with Río Negro (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFB08EE4CFAEF82A1" box="[1207,1322,1661,1687]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="2.0833">2.0833 N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFEB7EE94FEA28289" box="[264,359,1701,1727]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5555" value="-66.5">66.5 W</geoCoordinate>
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); L. Nico, E. Conde, P. Cardozo, G. Aymard and B. Stergios,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFEBFFFDFBECEE94FB3A8289" box="[1107,1279,1701,1727]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1985-04-15">15 April 1985</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEBFFFDFEB7EEFCFEA782D1" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[264,354,1741,1767]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">AMNH</collectionCode>
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233637 (exMCNG 12301), 1, 188.0 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFC76EEFCFB8382D1" box="[969,1094,1741,1767]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Caño Emoni, 2 Km. upstream from confluence with Río Siapa (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFC10EEC4FBE48339" box="[943,1057,1781,1807]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="2.1167">2.1167°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEBFFFDFB97EEC4FB708339" box="[1064,1205,1781,1807]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" precision="5" value="-66.3333">66.3333°W</geoCoordinate>
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); L. Nico, E. Conde, P. Cardozo, G. Aymard and B. Stergios,
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<date id="FF896DFAFFEBFFFDFCCFEF2CFBDB8301" box="[880,1054,1821,1847]" pageId="16" pageNumber="17" value="1985-04-17">17 April 1985</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEBFFFDFBF6EF2CFB648301" box="[1097,1185,1821,1847]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">MCNG</collectionCode>
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37858, 29, 19.2–149.0 mm SL (5 measured);
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFD16EF74FCE38369" box="[681,806,1861,1887]" name="Venezuela" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Río Casiquiare:
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEBFFFDFB3AEF74FB6A8369" box="[1157,1199,1861,1887]" name="Iceland" pageId="16" pageNumber="17">Isla</collectingCountry>
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Cuamate, past Solano (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFE1FE92DFDD68500" box="[416,531,284,310]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="2.0083">2.0083°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFDA4E92DFD628500" box="[539,679,284,310]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-66.8994">66.8994°W</geoCoordinate>
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); L. Nico, S. Walsh, A. Arrington and A. Añez, 0
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<date id="FF896DFAFFEAFFFCFB52E92DFE838568" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1998-01-07">7 Jan 1998</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEAFFFCFECFE975FE0C8568" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" box="[368,457,324,350]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">AMNH</collectionCode>
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233638 (exMCNG 42016), 13, 18.0–113.6 mm SL (2 measured);
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEAFFFCFB5AE975FE8F85B0" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Río Negro: Punta de Barbosa community (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFC4EE95DFBA685B0" box="[1009,1123,364,390]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="1.9844">1.9844°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFBD0E95DFB3F85B0" box="[1135,1274,364,390]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-67.1183">67.1183°W</geoCoordinate>
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); L. Nico, H. Jelks and H. LópezFernández, 0
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<date id="FF896DFAFFEAFFFCFD4BE9A5FCB38598" box="[756,886,404,430]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1999-01-06">6 Jan 1999</date>
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. —
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<collectionCode id="ED26D3FFFFEAFFFCFC20E9A5FC328598" box="[927,1015,404,430]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/tyz9-grz8" name="Museo de Ciencias Naturales de la UNELLEZ en Guanare" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">MCNG</collectionCode>
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42386, 2, 97.9–118.3 mm SL;
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<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEAFFFCFE84E98DFE7D85E0" box="[315,440,444,470]" name="Venezuela" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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: Amazonas: Río Negro: Mavajaté rapids (
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFC14E98DFBDB85E0" box="[939,1054,444,470]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="1.9872">1.9872°N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate id="EE032DFDFFEAFFFCFB98E98DFB7685E0" box="[1063,1203,444,470]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" precision="5" value="-67.1233">67.1233°W</geoCoordinate>
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); L. Nico, H. Jelks, A. Barbarino, K. Winemiller, H. LópezFernández, F. Pezold,
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||
<date id="FF896DFAFFEAFFFCFBF2E9D5FB1B85C8" box="[1101,1246,484,510]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" value="1999-01-18">18 Jan 1999</date>
|
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEAFFFCFE87EA3AFC338720" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="diagnosis">
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||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEAFFFCFE87EA3AFC338720" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
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<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFE87EA3AFE758613" bold="true" box="[312,432,523,549]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
. A preopercular mark distinguishes
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFCDCEA3DFBB38613" box="[867,1142,524,549]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFCDCEA3DFBB38613" box="[867,1142,524,549]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFB7EEA3DFE44867B" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grammepareius">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFB7EEA3DFE44867B" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. grammepareius</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFE29EA05FD98867B" box="[406,605,564,589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniopareius">
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||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFE29EA05FD98867B" box="[406,605,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. taeniopareius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFDCCEA05FCF6867B" box="[627,819,564,589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="argyrostictus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFDCCEA05FCF6867B" box="[627,819,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. argyrostictus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFCC6EA05FC31867B" box="[889,1012,564,589]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="harreri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFCC6EA05FC31867B" box="[889,1012,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. harreri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which have a complete infraorbital stripe, and from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFDE5EA6DFD178643" box="[602,722,604,629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="abalios" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFDE5EA6DFD178643" box="[602,722,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. abalios</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFEAFFFCFD64EA6DFCD98640" box="[731,796,604,630]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFC94EA6DFC1D8643" box="[811,984,604,629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brokopondo">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFC94EA6DFC1D8643" box="[811,984,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. brokopondo</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFC57EA6DFB608643" box="[1000,1189,604,629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="surinamensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFC57EA6DFB608643" box="[1000,1189,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. surinamensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFB0BEA6DFEFD86AB" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megasema">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFB0BEA6DFEFD86AB" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. megasema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFEF7EAB5FE3C86AB" box="[328,505,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="camopiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFEF7EAB5FE3C86AB" box="[328,505,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. camopiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFD85EAB5FD7986AB" box="[570,700,644,669]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="altifrons">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFD85EAB5FD7986AB" box="[570,700,644,669]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. altifrons</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which lack head markings. Preserved specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFEB7EA9DFE6B86F3" box="[264,430,684,709]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFEB7EA9DFE6B86F3" box="[264,430,684,709]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be distinguished from other species with preopercular mark by the possession of 4 ventrallyinclined, parallel lateral bars, as opposite to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFBA0EAE5FB0686DB" box="[1055,1219,724,749]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dicrozoster" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFBA0EAE5FB0686DB" box="[1055,1219,724,749]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. dicrozoster</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFEAFFFCFB74EAE5FACF86D8" box="[1227,1290,724,750]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(7 bars) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFEC3EACDFD9E8723" box="[380,603,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brachybranchus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFEC3EACDFD9E8723" box="[380,603,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. brachybranchus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEAFFFCFD2CEACDFCDA8723" box="[659,799,764,789]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="proximus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFD2CEACDFCDA8723" box="[659,799,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">G. proximus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(no bars) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEAFFFCFC1FEACDFC2D8720" box="[928,1000,764,790]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEAFFFEFE87EB15FD358377" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="20" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEAFFFCFE87EB15FDB387B8" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEAFFFCFE87EB15FE0C8708" bold="true" box="[312,457,804,830]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Description</emphasis>
|
||
. Based on
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFEAFFFCFDD0EB15FD108708" box="[623,725,804,830]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(195.0 mm SL) with notes on variation in 14
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFEAFFFCFEB7EB7DFEBD8750" box="[264,376,844,870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
41.8 to 188.0 mm SL. Measurements and counts are summarized in
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6B57E81FFEAFFFCFB75EB7DFAE08750" box="[1226,1317,844,870]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="11.[264,352,843,867]" captionTargetBox="[267,1318,937,1587]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="TABLE 1. Morphometrics of Geophagus winemilleri, G. abalios, and G. dicrozoster. Numbers in bold highlight morphometric differences among the species." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" tableUuid="DF481BB2FFF0FFE6FEB7EB7AFC4C87B3">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Sexes appear to be isomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEAFFFCFE87EBADFEF88188" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Shape. Moderately elongate; dorsal outline more convex than ventral outline; head broader ventrally than dorsally; specimens 45.0 mm SL and smaller with rounder nape; interorbital area moderately concave. Dorsal head profile slightly curved above upper lip, then straight, steeply ascending to orbit, slightly convex or straight (specimens smaller than 118.0 mm SL) in front of orbit, then sloping to dorsalfin origin; descending, slightly convex to last ray of dorsal fin, then straight, almost horizontal to caudalfin base. Ventral head profile straight, slightly descending; chest moderately convex; straight, horizontal from pelvicfin insertion to origin of anal fin; analfin base straight, slightly ascending; ventral caudal peduncle straight, slightly ascending; caudal peduncle about 1.5 times longer ventrally than dorsally. Lips moderately wide, lower with slightly caudally expanded fold (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA636CBFFEAFFFCFE53ED1DFD288170" author="Kullander" box="[492,749,1324,1350]" pageId="17" pageNumber="26" refString="Kullander, S. O., Royero, R. & Taphorn, D. (1992) Two new species of Geophagus (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from the Rio Orinoco drainage in Venezuela. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 3, 359 - 375." type="journal article" year="1992">Kullander et al., 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEAFFFCFD46ED1DFCFF8170" box="[761,826,1324,1350]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,841,865]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,329,829]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[268,1318,329,832]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geophagus abalios. Holotype, MCNG 47600, 163.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (6.5339 N 67.4150 W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168882/files/figure.png" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Fig.3</figureCitation>
|
||
). Maxilla not quite reaching middle vertical line between nostril and orbit; ascending premaxillary process reaching lower half of orbit. Opercule, preopercule, cleithrum, postcleithrum, and posttemporal lacking serration.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEAFFFCFE87EDFDFE1A82C8" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">Scales. E1 32(1), 34(5), 35(9); scales between upper lateral line and dorsal fin 6.5–7.5 anteriorly, 2.5 posteriorly. Scales between lateral lines 2. Scales on upper lateral line 21(1), 22(4), 23(5), 24(3), 25(2) and lower lateral line 13(1), 14(5), 15(5), 16(2). Anterior 1/3 to 1/2 of cheek naked, remainder with ctenoid scales; cheek scale rows 7–8. Opercule and subopercule covered with ctenoid scales; interopercule naked except caudodorsal region with ctenoid scales. Single postorbital column of mostly ctenoid scales. Occipital and flank scales ctenoid. Circumpeduncular scale rows 7 above upper, 9 below lower lateral lines, ctenoid.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEAFFFFFE87EF3DFD9A8630" blockId="17.[264,1323,284,1870]" lastBlockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" lastPageId="18" lastPageNumber="19" pageId="17" pageNumber="18">
|
||
Fin scales. Anal, pectoral and pelvic fins naked. Dorsal fin scaled in spinous and soft portions, scales ctenoid, arranged in double or triple columns along interradial membranes to ¼–½ of fin height. Scaly pad at base of dorsal fin formed by irregularly arranged, small, ctenoid scales extending from 2nd or 3rd spine to 5th or 6th ray. Reduced scaly pad on anterior portion of base of anal fin, from second spine to second or third ray, scales small, ctenoid. Caudal fin scaled in its entire surface, except the tip of rays, and membranes between D2 and
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFE9FFFFFD9DE9F5FD8C85E8" box="[546,585,452,478]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V2</date>
|
||
, scales ctenoid. Accessory caudal fin extensions of lateral line between D3–D4 and
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFE9FFFFFDBEE9DDFD9A8630" box="[513,607,492,518]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">V4–V5.</date>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE9FFFFFE87EA25FD598020" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Fins. Dorsal XVIII10(1), XVIII11(4), XVIII12(2), XIX10(2), XIX11(5), XIX 1(1); anal
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFE9FFFFFE3BEA0DFE788660" box="[388,445,572,598]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">III7</date>
|
||
(2),
|
||
<date id="FF896DFAFFE9FFFFFE53EA0DFDE38660" box="[492,550,572,598]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">III8</date>
|
||
(13). Dorsal spines increasing in length from first to sixth, equal length to ninth, then slightly shorter; lappets acutely pointed, up to ¼ the length of spines. Soft portion pointed, reaching the base of caudal fin, except for rays 4–5, reaching about ½ of caudalfin length; specimens smaller than 76.3 mm SL with rounded soft portion, not quite reaching caudalfin insertion. Anal fin with 3rd soft ray moderately produced, reaching about ¼ of caudalfin length, otherwise scarcely reaches base of caudal fin. Caudal fin emarginate with lobes of approximately the same length and without filaments in studied specimens. Pectoral fin elongate, more or less triangular, longest at 4th ray, reaching 1st or 2nd analfin soft rays, then progressively shorter ventrally. Pelvic fin triangular, first ray produced into a filament reaching 1/3 of caudal peduncle length; in one specimen 149.0 mm SL reaching 1/3 of caudalfin length; specimens 45.5 mm SL or less without produced rays, not reaching base of anal fin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE9FFFFFE87EC15FC358148" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Teeth. Outer row of upper jaw with 19–31, slightly recurved, unicuspid teeth; slightly larger than in inner rows, extending along most of premaxillary length. Three to four inner rows with no clear gap separating them from outer row; teeth unicuspid, very thin, pointy, straight or slightly recurved. Inner rows parallel to outer on all its length, not forming a pad. Outer row of lower jaw with 7–28 unicuspid, blunt, slightly recurved, unicuspids; outer row restricted to median 1/3 of dentary length in
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFE9FFFFFC29ECDDFC388130" box="[918,1021,1260,1286]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and large specimens, but extending farther in specimens 118.0 mm SL and smaller. Inner rows 3–4, separated from outer row by distinct gap; teeth long, thin, straight or slightly recurved unicuspids, smaller than outer row, and forming a pad on median region of dentary.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE9FFFFFE87EDBDFE428228" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Gills. External rakers on first gill arch; 9(2), 10(4), 11(4) on epibranchial lobe,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFE9FFFFFB43EDBDFAEE8190" box="[1276,1323,1420,1446]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="1.0">1 in</quantity>
|
||
angle and 11(1), 12(6), 13(3) on ceratobranchial, none on hypobranchials. Microbranchiospines on the outer face of second to fourth arches; gill filaments with narrow basal skin cover.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE9FFFFFE87EE1DFD238300" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
|
||
Tooth plates. Lower pharyngeal tooth plate elongate (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE9FFFFFC07EE1DFBD58270" box="[952,1040,1580,1606]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="20.[264,368,1796,1820]" captionTargetBox="[577,1052,1250,1758]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[505,1082,1207,1773]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 12. Geophagus winemilleri. Lower pharyngeal toothplate in occlusal view, from MCNG 12227, 41.7 mm SL; scale bar 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157575/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Fig. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
); width of bone 84% of length; dentigerous area 76% of width; 30 teeth in posterior row,
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFE9FFFFFBBBEE65FBFA8258" box="[1028,1087,1620,1646]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.794" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" unit="in" value="11.0">11 in</quantity>
|
||
median row. Anteriormost teeth subconical, erect, laterally compressed; cusps on caudal half, slightly curved anteriorly, small rostral edge ridge; lateral marginal teeth as anteriorly on rostral edge, gradually flatter and smaller caudally; posteromedial teeth much larger, nearly round in circumference, medial or slightly posterior cusps, almost blunt. Ceratobranchial 4 with 5 toothplates with 4, 14, 6, 6 and 2 teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE9FFFFFE87EF75FB078368" blockId="18.[264,1325,284,1886]" box="[312,1218,1860,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Vertebrae. 14+19=33(1), 14+20=34(1), 15+19=34(13); 11–13 epihemal ribs.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE8FFFEFE87E92AFCF48047" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFE8FFFEFE87E92AFDA68503" bold="true" box="[312,611,283,309]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Color pattern in alcohol</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFDCBE92DFD098500" box="[628,716,284,310]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="16.[264,367,1504,1528]" captionTargetBox="[273,1313,1033,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@16.[273,1314,1033,1494]" captionTargetPageId="16" captionText="FIGURE 10. Geophagus winemilleri. Holotype, MCNG 35486, 195.0 mm SL. Venezuela: Amazonas: Río Siapa: Laguna Yocuta, (2.1347 N 66.3742 W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168885/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Base color grayish yellow; nape, snout and upper lip dark gray, fading caudally to base color towards cheek; lower lip yellowish white. The only marking on the head is a vertical, dark mark in the corner of the preopercule, roughly parallel to its caudal edge, fading ventrally but continued into the interopercule in large specimens; indistinguishable or faded in specimens smaller than
|
||
<quantity id="4CCFE6DFFFE8FFFEFBAAE98DFBAE85E0" box="[1045,1131,444,470]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
|
||
SL. Gill cover slightly darker than base color. Flanks with four, broad, ventrocaudally directed, yellowishgray bars running from dorsal to ventral regions and disappearing below the lower lateral line (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFEC6EA06FE078667" box="[377,450,567,593]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
c). Bar 1 expands from the 4th or 5th scale, anterior to dorsalfin origin, to the base of the 5th or 6th dorsalfin spine, extends over the anterior portion of the flank and disappears in the region caudal to the pectoralfin insertion. Bar 2 extends from the 7th or 8th to the 11th or 12th dorsalfin spine, runs parallel to bar 1 and disappears approximately at the level of H1. A blackish medial spot coincides with bar 2, extending rostrocaudally between the scales 10 and 13 of E3 and dorsoventrally between the lower half of E3 and E1, such that the upper lateral line borders the dorsal edge of the spot. Bar 3 extends between the 13th or 14th dorsalfin spine to the 1st or 2nd soft ray, and runs parallel to bar 2 to H1 or H2, where it fades. Bar 4 extends between the base of the 3rd and the last dorsalfin ray, and disappears in H1; in some specimens bar 4 can start at the base of the 1st or 2nd dorsalfin ray and then appears merged with bar 3 at its base, but it is clearly separated ventrally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFE3EEC36FE168017" box="[385,467,1031,1057]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[264,367,1453,1477]" captionTargetBox="[300,1296,762,1424]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[275,1332,756,1444]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Diagrammatic representation of scale nomenclature, head markings and lateral bar patterns of Geophagus as used in this paper. Abbreviations are as follows: E 1, first epaxial longitudinal series of scales, used to count number of longitudinal scales; E 6, last epaxial longitudinal series of scales; H 1 – H 5, hypaxial longitudinal series of scales; IOS, infraorbital stripe; MLS, midlateral spot; POM, preopercular mark; ULL, upper lateral line; LLL, lower lateral line; 1 – 7, lateral bars. Scale nomenclature after Kullander (1992, 1996). Infraorbital, preopercular and midlateral black markings are observable both in live and preserved specimens; lateral bar patterns are gener" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157564/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFE5DEC36FE368017" box="[482,499,1031,1057]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[264,367,1695,1719]" captionTargetBox="[306,1279,315,1671]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[268,1319,311,1686]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagrammatic representation of preopercular markings and lateral bars distinguishing Geophagus species within the G. surinamensis complex. a, G. dicrozoster, n. sp.; b, G. abalios n. sp.; c, G. winemilleri n. sp.; d, G. brokopondo; e, G. brachybranchus; f, G. s u r i n a m e n s i s; g, G. proximus; h, G. megasema; i, G. camopiensis, and j, G. altifrons. Preopercular markings are visible in both live and preserved individuals; lateral bar patterns are generally visible only in preserved specimens." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168881/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">2</figureCitation>
|
||
c). A fifth, faded vertical bar can generally be distinguished covering the caudalmost 4 or 5 columns of scales of the caudal peduncle, but this bar tends to turn into a grayish colored area in larger specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE8FFFEFE87EC4EFBDD81EF" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Dorsal fin hyaline to smoky, lappets dark gray or blackish; soft portion with white spotting on the interradial membranes, forming a more or less parallel pattern of horizontal stripes; in specimens 149.0 mm SL and smaller, 3 longitudinal, parallel, grayish stripes alternate with hyaline stripes along most of the dorsal fin, fading into an increasingly indistinguishable pattern rostrally. Anal fin dusky to grayish; two longitudinal, parallel darker stripes along soft portion of fin. Caudal fin dusky, with indistinct pattern ranging from round spots to longitudinal, whitish stripes, or a combination of both; specimens 45.5 mm SL and smaller with 2 or 3 blackish, vertical bands. Pectoral fin immaculate. Pelvic fin dusky to dark gray, spine and first ray whitish to slightly dusky.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFE8FFFEFE87EDD6FD358377" blockId="19.[264,1324,283,1857]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFE8FFFEFE87EDD6FE078237" bold="true" box="[312,450,1511,1537]" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Live colors</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFE6CEDD6FDEC8237" box="[467,553,1511,1537]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="20.[264,367,991,1015]" captionTargetBox="[267,1319,315,968]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[267,1320,315,968]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 11. Geophagus winemilleri. AMNH 233638, adult paratype immediately after capture at comunidad Punta de Barbosa, Río Negro headwaters, Amazonas State, Venezuela. 1.9844 ° N, 67.1183 ° W." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168886/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 11</figureCitation>
|
||
). Live specimens show the same dark markings as described for preserved individuals. Snout gray turning bluish gray in the cheek, gill cover yellow with iridescent blue spots on each scale, lips yellowish white. Flanks are bluish silver with five longitudinal yellow stripes between base of dorsal fin and H1. Dorsal and anal fins brownish red with iridescent blue longitudinal banding; pelvic fin bright red with iridescent blue banding, first ray white; caudal fin red, with large iridescent blue to white spots. An aquarium picture in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA636CBFFE8FFFEFDBEEEE6FB1282C7" author="Weidner" box="[513,1239,1751,1777]" pageId="19" pageNumber="26" refString="Weidner, T. (2000) South American Eartheaters. Cichlid Press, El Paso, 366 pp." type="book" year="2000">
|
||
Weidner (2000: 125,
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFE8FFFEFCB9EEE6FC9782C7" box="[774,850,1751,1777]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="7.[264,367,841,865]" captionTargetBox="[268,1318,329,829]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[268,1318,329,832]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 3. Geophagus abalios. Holotype, MCNG 47600, 163.0 mm SL; Venezuela: Apure: Río Cinaruco: Laguna Larga (6.5339 N 67.4150 W)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168882/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFE8FFFEFCDEEEE9FC2282C7" box="[865,999,1752,1777]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFE8FFFEFCDEEEE9FC2282C7" box="[865,999,1752,1777]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Geophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. “Rio Negro I”)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
shows unpaired fins and pelvic with a much brighter red than specimens photographed shortly after capture in the wild (HLF pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFEFFFF9FEB7EBEEFE43800D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/168886/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[267,1319,315,968]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEFFFF9FEB7EBEEFE43800D" blockId="20.[264,1323,991,1083]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEFFFF9FEB7EBEEFE5087C1" bold="true" box="[264,405,991,1015]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 11.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEFFFF9FE1DEBEEFD5E87C0" box="[418,667,991,1014]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEFFFF9FE1DEBEEFD5E87C0" box="[418,667,991,1014]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. AMNH 233638, adult paratype immediately after capture at comunidad Punta de Barbosa, Río Negro headwaters, Amazonas State, Venezuela. 1.9844°N, 67.1183°W.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFEFFFF9FEB7EF35FD518308" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157575/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" targetBox="[577,1052,1250,1758]" targetPageId="20">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEFFFF9FEB7EF35FD518308" blockId="20.[264,1323,1796,1854]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEFFFF9FEB7EF35FE52832A" bold="true" box="[264,407,1796,1820]" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">FIGURE 12.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEFFFF9FE1BEF34FD59832A" box="[420,668,1797,1820]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEFFFF9FE1BEF34FD59832A" box="[420,668,1797,1820]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="21">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Lower pharyngeal toothplate in occlusal view, from MCNG 12227, 41.7 mm SL; scale bar 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEEFFF8FE87E92AFD8786F0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEEFFF8FE87E92AFD8786F0" blockId="21.[264,1323,283,710]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FE87E92AFDAC8503" bold="true" box="[312,617,283,309]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Distribution and habitat</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FD3DE92DFC508503" box="[642,917,284,309]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FD3DE92DFC508503" box="[642,917,284,309]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is an uncommonly caught species (a revision of nearly 400 lots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FD33E975FCD4856B" box="[652,785,324,349]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FD33E975FCD4856B" box="[652,785,324,349]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Geophagus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at MCNG resulted in only 6 lots of this species), known only from the black waters of the lower Casiquiare drainage and the headwaters of the Río Negro in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEEFFF8FD30E9A5FCC28598" box="[655,775,404,430]" name="Venezuela" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="130C57BFFFEEFFF8FCA7E9A5FCAB8598" box="[792,878,404,430]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="21.[264,367,1500,1524]" captionTargetBox="[361,1224,808,1471]" captionTargetId="figure@21.[355,1231,806,1476]" captionTargetPageId="21" captionText="FIGURE 13. Known distribution area of Geophagus winemilleri n. sp. (), G. grammepareius (), and G. taeniopareius () in Venezuela. One dot may represent more than one collection locality." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157576/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Fig. 13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The scarcity of collections does not allow determining whether the species reaches the Orinoco mainstem. Individuals of this species are commonly sold in the market at the town of Barcelos,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEEFFF8FB98E9D5FBB485C8" box="[1063,1137,484,510]" name="Brazil" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in the middlecourse of the Río Negro (HLF pers. obs.). An undescribed species known in the
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEEFFF8FB75EA3DFAED8610" box="[1226,1320,524,550]" name="Germany" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
aquarium trade as
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FE5AEA05FE32867B" box="[485,503,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. “Rio Negro I” or
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FCBBEA05FCD3867B" box="[772,790,564,589]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G</emphasis>
|
||
. sp. “stripetail” (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFA636CBFFEEFFF8FC5DEA05FB498678" author="Weidner" box="[994,1164,564,590]" pageId="21" pageNumber="26" refString="Weidner, T. (2000) South American Eartheaters. Cichlid Press, El Paso, 366 pp." type="book" year="2000">Weidner 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) corresponds well with the characters of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FDFBEA6DFD2C8643" box="[580,745,604,629]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FDFBEA6DFD2C8643" box="[580,745,604,629]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; according to Weidner’s locality data, the species might extend as south as the Archipelago das Anavilhanas, near the confluence of the Rio Negro with the Amazonas.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF481BB2FFEEFFF8FEB7EDEDFACB8221" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/157576/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[361,1224,808,1471]" targetPageId="21">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEEFFF8FEB7EDEDFACB8221" blockId="21.[264,1323,1500,1559]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FEB7EDEDFE5281C2" bold="true" box="[264,407,1500,1524]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 13.</emphasis>
|
||
Known distribution area of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FD7BEDECFC7B81C2" box="[708,958,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FD7BEDECFC7B81C2" box="[708,958,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Geophagus winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A2702A53FFEEFFF8FC7BEDECFC3B81C2" box="[964,1022,1501,1524]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
(),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FB87EDECFAE081C2" box="[1080,1317,1501,1524]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="grammepareius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FB87EDECFB3981C2" box="[1080,1276,1501,1524]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. grammepareius</emphasis>
|
||
()
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FE8AEE31FDC88221" box="[309,525,1536,1559]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="taeniopareius">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FE8AEE31FE218221" box="[309,484,1536,1559]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. taeniopareius</emphasis>
|
||
()
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in Venezuela. One dot may represent more than one collection locality.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C32D18B1FFEEFFF8FE87EE5CFB8C82C9" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B884B3AFFEEFFF8FE87EE5CFB8C82C9" blockId="21.[264,1323,1645,1791]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FE87EE5CFE7882B1" bold="true" box="[312,445,1645,1671]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Etymology</emphasis>
|
||
. Named for Dr. Kirk
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F3200BAAFFEEFFF8FD74EE5CFD2682B1" box="[715,739,1645,1671]" name="Iceland" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">O</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Winemiller, who led the field expeditions to the Río Casiquiare region during which most of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="548CF598FFEEFFF8FC87EEA4FCAF8299" box="[824,874,1685,1711]" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C3730B9FFEEFFF8FBADEEA4FB738298" box="[1042,1206,1685,1710]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cichlidae" genus="Geophagus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="winemilleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="B9439728FFEEFFF8FBADEEA4FB738298" box="[1042,1206,1685,1710]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">G. winemilleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected, and in recognition of his nearly two decades of contributions to ecology and tropical fish biology, many of which have been based on Venezuelan fishes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |