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<mods:title id="72A1FBA94B6DCC22D8D91B8D858BA0D7">New genera and species of sphaeromatid isopod crustaceans from Australian marine coastal waters</mods:title>
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<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FF7AF99540C0F91A" ID-CoL="7P25D" authority="Stebbing" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1900" box="[139,394,1656,1678]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Exosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FF7AF9954063F91A" bold="true" box="[139,297,1656,1678]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
Stebbing
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<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FF57F94F40B0F922" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[166,506,1698,1718]" page="553" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1900">
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<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FF57F94F4067F922" box="[166,301,1698,1718]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FEC6F94F40B0F922" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[311,506,1698,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="517 - 568" refId="ref30309" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. 1900. On some crustaceans from the Falkland Islands, collected by Mr. Rupert Vallentin. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1900: 517 - 568." type="journal article" year="1900">Stebbing, 1900: 553</bibRefCitation>
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;
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FDF9F94F4317F922" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[520,605,1698,1718]" page="54" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1902">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FDF9F94F4317F922" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[520,605,1698,1718]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 92" refId="ref30347" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. 1902. South African Crustacea. Part 2. Marine Investigations in South Africa 2: 1 - 92." type="journal article" year="1902">1902: 54</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(part).—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FD45F94F41B3F944" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." page="220" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FD45F94F41B3F944" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="215 - 230" refId="ref30375" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. 1910 a. Reports on the marine biology of the Sudanese Red Sea. - XIV. On the Crustacea Isopoda and Tanaidacea. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology) 31: 215 - 230." type="journal article" year="1910">Stebbing, 1910a: 220</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FEE5F95140ADF944" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[276,487,1724,1744]" page="428" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1910">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FEE5F95140ADF944" author="Stebbing, T. R. R." box="[276,487,1724,1744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="281 - 594" refId="ref30423" refString="Stebbing, T. R. R. 1910 b. General catalogue of South African Crustacea. Part V. of S. A. Crustacea, for the Marine Investigations in South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 6: 281 - 594, pls 16 - 22." type="journal article" year="1910">Stebbing, 1910b: 428</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FDF0F95143F7F944" author="Hansen, H. J." box="[513,701,1724,1744]" page="103" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FDF0F95143F7F944" author="Hansen, H. J." box="[513,701,1724,1744]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="69 - 135" refId="ref28481" refString="Hansen, H. J. 1905. On the propagation, structure, and classification of the family Sphaeromidae. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 49: 69 - 135." type="journal article" year="1905">Hansen, 1905: 103</bibRefCitation>
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, 118.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FF7AF93A403DF97F" author="Richardson, H." box="[139,375,1751,1771]" page="287" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1905">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FF7AF93A403DF97F" author="Richardson, H." box="[139,375,1751,1771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 727" refId="ref30118" refString="Richardson, H. 1905. A monograph on the isopods of North America. Bulletin of the United States National Museum 54: vii - liii, 1 - 727." type="journal article" year="1905">Richardson, 1905: 287</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FE62F93A432AF97F" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[403,608,1751,1771]" page="374" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1914">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FE62F93A432AF97F" author="Barnard, K. H." box="[403,608,1751,1771]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="197 - 230" refId="ref27211" refString="Barnard, K. H. 1914. Contributions to the Crustacean fauna of South Africa. 1. Additions to the marine Isopoda. Annals of the South African Museum 10: 197 - 230." type="journal article" year="1914">Barnard, 1914: 374</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FD8AF93A41F3F892" author="Monod, T." page="9" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1933">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FD8AF93A41F3F892" author="Monod, T." pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="161 - 264" refId="ref29750" refString="Monod, T. 1933. Mission Robert Ph. Dollfus en Egypte. Tanaidacea et Isopoda. Memoirs Institute Egypte 21: 161 - 264." type="journal article" year="1933">Monod, 1933: 920</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FF25F91F40C3F892" author="Menzies, R. J." box="[212,393,1778,1798]" page="132" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1962">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FF25F91F40C3F892" author="Menzies, R. J." box="[212,393,1778,1798]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 162" refId="ref29544" refString="Menzies, R. J. 1962. Reports of the Lund University Chile Expedition 1948 - 49. 42. The zoogeography, ecology, and systematics of the Chilean marine isopods. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift 2: 1 - 162." type="journal article" year="1962">Menzies, 1962: 132</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FE55F91F43A5F892" author="Menzies, R. J. &amp; Frankenberg, D." box="[420,751,1778,1798]" page="45" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1966">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FE55F91F43A5F892" author="Menzies, R. J. &amp; Frankenberg, D." box="[420,751,1778,1798]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29587" refString="Menzies, R. J., and Frankenberg, D. 1966. Handbook on the common marine isopod Crustacea of Georgia. University of Georgia Press: Athens." type="book" year="1966">Menzies and Frankenberg, 1966: 45</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FF7AF8E140FBF8B4" author="Menzies, R. J. &amp; Glynn, P. W." box="[139,433,1804,1824]" page="65" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1968">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FF7AF8E140FBF8B4" author="Menzies, R. J. &amp; Glynn, P. W." box="[139,433,1804,1824]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 133" refId="ref29618" refString="Menzies, R. J., and Glynn, P. W. 1968. Studies on the fauna of Curacao and other Caribbean Islands No. 27. The common marine isopod Crustacea of Puerto Rico. A handbook for marine biologists. Uitgaven van de Natuurwetenschappelijke voor Suriname en der Nederlandse Antillen 51: 1 - 133." type="journal article" year="1968">Menzies and Glynn, 1968: 65</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—Schultz. 1969: 131.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FD6DF8E14061F8AF" author="Hurley, D. E. &amp; Jansen, K. P." page="55" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1977">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FD6DF8E14061F8AF" author="Hurley, D. E. &amp; Jansen, K. P." pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 95" refId="ref29033" refString="Hurley, D. E. and Jansen, K. P. 1977. The marine fauna of New Zealand: Family Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea Isopoda: Flabellifera). New Zealand Oceanographic Institute Memoir 63: 1 - 95." type="journal article" year="1977">Hurley and Jansen, 1977: 55</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FEB7F8CA4341F8AF" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[326,523,1831,1851]" page="398" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1979">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FEB7F8CA4341F8AF" author="Kussakin, O. G." box="[326,523,1831,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 472" refId="ref29277" refString="Kussakin, O. G. 1979. Marine and brackish-water Crustacea (Isopoda) of cold and temperate waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Suborder Flabellifera. Opredeliteli po Faune SSR, Akademiya Nauk, SSSR 122: 1 - 472." type="journal article" year="1979">Kussakin, 1979: 398</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FDD4F8CA43A5F8AF" author="Harrison, K." box="[549,751,1831,1851]" page="381" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1984">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FDD4F8CA43A5F8AF" author="Harrison, K." box="[549,751,1831,1851]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="363 - 407" refId="ref28513" refString="Harrison, K. 1984 a. The morphology of the sphaeromatid brood pouch (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 82: 363 - 407." type="journal article" year="1984">Harrison, 1984a: 381</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FF7AF8AF40FEF8C2" author="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W." box="[139,436,1858,1878]" page="26" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1985">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FF7AF8AF40FEF8C2" author="Brusca, R. C. &amp; Iverson, E. W." box="[139,436,1858,1878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 77" refId="ref27952" refString="Brusca, R. C. and Iverson, E. W. 1985. A guide to the marine isopod Crustacea of Pacific Costa Rica. Revista de Biologia Tropical (Universidad de Costa Rica) 33: 1 - 77." type="journal article" year="1985">Brusca and Iverson, 1985: 26</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FE3EF8AF433CF8C2" author="Jacobs, B. J. M." box="[463,630,1858,1878]" page="67" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1987">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FE3EF8AF433CF8C2" author="Jacobs, B. J. M." box="[463,630,1858,1878]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 71" refId="ref29075" refString="Jacobs, B. J. M. 1987. A taxonomic revision of the European, Mediterranean and NW African species of generally placed in Sphaeroma Bosc, 1802 (Isopoda: Flabellifera: Sphaeromatidae). Zoologische Verhandelingen 238: 1 - 71." type="journal article" year="1987">Jacobs, 1987: 67</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FD60F8AF407DF8E4" author="Kensley, B. &amp; Schotte, M." page="229" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FD60F8AF407DF8E4" author="Kensley, B. &amp; Schotte, M." pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29187" refString="Kensley, B., and Schotte, M. 1989. Guide to the Marine Isopod Crustaceans of the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, London." type="book" year="1989">Kensley and Schotte, 1989: 229</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
.—
<treatmentCitation id="0A8510F6FFC3FFE4FEA0F8B1432BF8E4" author="Harrison, K. &amp; Ellis, J. P." box="[337,609,1884,1904]" page="939" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" year="1991">
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FEA0F8B1432BF8E4" author="Harrison, K. &amp; Ellis, J. P." box="[337,609,1884,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="195 - 952" refId="ref28586" refString="Harrison, K. and Ellis, J. P. 1991. The genera of the Sphaeromatidae (Crustacea: Isopoda): a key and distribution list. Invertebrate Taxonomy 5: 195 - 952." type="journal article" year="1991">Harrison and Ellis, 1991: 939</bibRefCitation>
</treatmentCitation>
(key).
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</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CFFC3FFE4FCC0FF0D4429FA23" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE4FCC0FF0D4232FE87" blockId="18.[817,1457,224,275]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FF0D42F3FF62" box="[817,953,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<typeStatus id="549F8845FFC3FFE4FCC0FF0D422AFF62" box="[817,864,224,246]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FC31FF0D45B8FF62" authority="Leach 1818" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1818" box="[960,1266,224,246]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Sphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigas">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FC31FF0D453BFF62" box="[960,1137,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Sphaeroma gigas</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FB89FF0D45B8FF62" author="Leach, W. E." box="[1144,1266,224,246]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29387" refString="Leach, W. E. 1818. Cymothoidees. Pp. 338 - 354 in Cuvier, F. (ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelle." type="book" year="1818">Leach 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, by original designation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE4FCC0FEC742CCFCDB" blockId="18.[817,1458,297,847]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FEC742D5FED4" box="[817,927,298,320]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Pereonite 7 posterior margin even or forming a mesial point, without processes; pleon and pleotelson without process. Pleonite 1 dorsal posterior margin with pair of flat and flush submedian lobes. Pleotelson posterior margin entire, ventrally excavate, without distinct exit channel. Maxilliped palp articles 24 mesial margin with distinct lobes. Pereopods 13 with inferior margins of meruspropodus densely setulose; ischium superior margin usually with cluster of long simple setae at midpoint. Penial process basally set apart, slender usually between 35 times as long as basal width. Pleopod 2 appendix masculina slender, basal in position, extending well beyond distal margin of ramus, apex may be glandular in appearance; pleopods 35 exopods with complete transverse suture; pleopods 4 and 5 exopods with or without thickened ridges or folds. Uropods with both rami prominent in dorsal view, lamellar, subequal in length, margins not serrated. Mouthparts not metamorphosed. Brood pouch (Harrison,1984) formed of four pairs of oostegites that do not overlap at the midline.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE4FCC0FC8B459AFBDD" blockId="18.[817,1458,869,1097]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FC8B45ABFCE8" box="[817,1249,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Species included and distribution.</emphasis>
See Appendix.
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FCC0FC6E4282FC0D" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1900" box="[817,968,899,921]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Exosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FC6E4282FC0D" box="[817,968,899,921]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
appears to be distributed world-wide, though apparently absent from the North Atlantic with those species currently known from the western Atlantic and Caribbean being incorrectly placed. Its presence in the eastern South Atlantic is uncertain as there are insufficient data from the African coast to be sure of its absence. Loyola e
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FB8AFBF845B0FBBF" author="Silva, J." box="[1147,1274,1045,1067]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="69 - 78" refId="ref29462" refString="Loyola e Silva, J. 1979. Distribucao geografica das especies de Exosphaeroma Stebbing, 1900 (Sphaeromatidae, Crustacea). Dusenia 11: 69 - 78." type="journal article" year="1979">Silva (1979)</bibRefCitation>
reviewed the distribution of the genus as then composed.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE4FCC0FBB24429FA23" blockId="18.[817,1458,1119,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FBB242DFFBE1" box="[817,917,1119,1141]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Remarks.</emphasis>
Characters which best serve to identify
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FCC0FB914282FB06" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1900" box="[817,968,1148,1170]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Exosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0FB914282FB06" box="[817,968,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
include the lamellar uropodal rami with the exopod being about as large as the endopod, with both rami lacking serrate margins, the entire posterior margin to the pleotelson which lacks a ventral exit channel, and the superior margin of the ischium of pereopods 13 provided with long setae. Pleopod 2 usually has the appendix masculina longer than the endopod, and the distal portion is often folded back on itself. Pleonite 1 has two flat submedian lobes forming part of the pleonite outline, a character shared with at least
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FAA1FA8A42E5FA0E" authority="Miers, 1976" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1976" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Isocladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FAA1FA8A44FBFAE9" box="[1360,1457,1383,1405]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Isocladus</emphasis>
Miers, 1976
</taxonomicName>
. That genus is readily separated by males having a prominent backwardly-directed process on pereonite 7.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C33E656CFFC3FFE5FCA0FA5240ABFE32" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE4FCA0FA52457FF8A1" blockId="18.[817,1458,1119,1904]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FCA0FA5242A2FA41" ID-CoL="7P25D" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1900" box="[849,1000,1471,1493]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Exosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCA0FA5242A2FA41" box="[849,1000,1471,1493]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is in critical need of revision, the most recent diagnosis being that of
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FBEEFA314477FA66" author="Kensley, B. &amp; Schotte, M." box="[1055,1341,1500,1522]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29187" refString="Kensley, B., and Schotte, M. 1989. Guide to the Marine Isopod Crustaceans of the Caribbean. Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, London." type="book" year="1989">Kensley and Schotte (1989)</bibRefCitation>
. A minimal diagnosis is offered here, based on those species for which the characters mentioned are described. Currently 32 species are included (Appendix), although many more species have been incorporated, and some removed, notably to
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FCC0F98245E9F911" ID-CoL="7P3ZT" authority="Menzies, 1954" authorityName="Menzies" authorityYear="1954" box="[817,1187,1647,1669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Gnorimosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0F98242B6F911" box="[817,1020,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Gnorimosphaeroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FBF6F98245E9F911" author="Menzies, R. J." box="[1031,1187,1647,1669]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1 - 24" refId="ref29492" refString="Menzies, R. J. 1954. A review of the systematics and ecology of the genus Exosphaeroma with the description of a new genus, a new species and a new subspecies (Crustacea, Isopoda, Sphaeromatidae). American Museum, Novitates 1683: 1 - 24." type="journal article" year="1954">Menzies, 1954</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FB43F98244E7F911" ID-CoL="7P5GG" authority="Kensley, 1987" authorityName="Kensley" authorityYear="1987" box="[1202,1453,1647,1669]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Harrieta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FB43F9824441F911" box="[1202,1291,1647,1669]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Harrieta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FAE4F98244E7F911" author="Kensley, B." box="[1301,1453,1647,1669]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="1036 - 1039" refId="ref29149" refString="Kensley, B. 1987. Harrieta, a new genus for Cymodoce faxoni (Richardson) (Crustacea: Isopoda: Sphaeromatidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 100: 1036 - 1039." type="journal article" year="1987">Kensley, 1987</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FCC0F96145AEF936" ID-CoL="7PWZM" authority="Holdich and Harrison, 1983" authorityName="Holdich and Harrison" authorityYear="1983" box="[817,1252,1676,1698]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Ptyosphaera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FCC0F96142FBF936" box="[817,945,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Ptyosphaera</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FC4AF96145AEF936" author="Holdich, D. M. &amp; Harrison, K." box="[955,1252,1676,1698]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="127 - 140" refId="ref28910" refString="Holdich, D. M. and Harrison, K. 1983. Sphaeromatid isopods (Crustacea) from brackish waters in Queensland, Australia. Zoologica Scripta 12: 127 - 140." type="journal article" year="1983">Holdich and Harrison, 1983</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FB02F9614559F92B" ID-CoL="7Q4BP" authority="Cole and Bane, 1978" authorityName="Cole and Bane" authorityYear="1978" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Thermosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FB02F96144FBF936" box="[1267,1457,1676,1698]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Thermosphaeroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FCC0F9444559F92B" author="Cole, G. A. &amp; Bane, C. A." box="[817,1043,1705,1727]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="223 - 228" refId="ref28048" refString="Cole, G. A. and Bane, C. A. 1978. Thermosphaeroma subequalum, n. gen., n. sp. (Crustacea: Isopoda) from Big Bend National Park, Texas. Hydrobiologia 59: 223 - 228." type="journal article" year="1978">Cole and Bane, 1978</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FBD0F9474285F949" ID-CoL="7Q4CJ" authority="Eleftheriou, Holdich and Harrison, 1980" authorityName="Eleftheriou, Holdich and Harrison" authorityYear="1980" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Tholozodium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FBD0F94745EFF954" box="[1057,1189,1706,1728]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Tholozodium</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FB5EF9444285F949" author="Eleftheriou, A. &amp; Holdich, D. M. &amp; Harrison, K." pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="251 - 262" refId="ref28272" refString="Eleftheriou, A., Holdich, D. M. and Harrison, K. 1980. The systematics and ecology of a new genus of isopod (Sphaeromatidae) from the West coast sandy beaches of India. Eustarine and Coastal Marine Science 2: 251 - 262." type="journal article" year="1980">Eleftheriou, Holdich and Harrison, 1980</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
and also
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FBB0F92A447CF949" ID-CoL="BG9T6" authority="Boone, 1923" authorityName="Boone" authorityYear="1923" box="[1089,1334,1735,1757]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Clianella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FBB0F92A45D5F949" box="[1089,1183,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Clianella</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FB5DF92A447CF949" author="Boone, P. L." box="[1196,1334,1735,1757]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="147 - 156" refId="ref27380" refString="Boone, P. L. 1923. New marine tanaid and isopod Crustacea from California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 36: 147 - 156." type="journal article" year="1923">Boone, 1923</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FAB7F92A42F2F96E" ID-CoL="7NV79" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Cymodoce" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FAB7F92A44FBF949" box="[1350,1457,1735,1757]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Cymodoce</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FCC0F90942F2F96E" author="Leach, W. E." box="[817,952,1764,1786]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29346" refString="Leach, W. E. 1814. Crustaceology. Pp. 383 - 437, pl. 221 in Brewster, D. (ed.), The Edinburgh Encyclopaedia, 1 st edn. Baldwin: London." type="journal volume" year="1814">Leach, 1814</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FC3BF90945AFF96E" ID-CoL="7PPGY" authority="Hansen, 1905" authorityName="Hansen" authorityYear="1905" box="[970,1253,1764,1786]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Paracerceis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FC3BF909450BF96E" box="[970,1089,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Paracerceis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FBA1F90945AFF96E" author="Hansen, H. J." box="[1104,1253,1764,1786]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="69 - 135" refId="ref28481" refString="Hansen, H. J. 1905. On the propagation, structure, and classification of the family Sphaeromidae. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 49: 69 - 135." type="journal article" year="1905">Hansen, 1905</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FB06F909428DF883" ID-CoL="7PWPZ" authority="Chilton, 1909" authorityName="Chilton" authorityYear="1909" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Pseudosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FB06F90944FBF96E" box="[1271,1457,1764,1786]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Pseudosphaeroma</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FCC0F8EC428DF883" author="Chilton, C." box="[817,967,1793,1815]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="601 - 671" refId="ref27995" refString="Chilton, C. 1909. The Crustacea of the Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand. The Subantarctic Islands of New Zealand, Wellington 2: 601 - 671." type="journal article" year="1909">Chilton, 1909</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FC2BF8EF459CF883" ID-CoL="7Q28Z" authority="Bosc, 1892" authorityName="Bosc" authorityYear="1892" box="[986,1238,1793,1816]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Sphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FC2BF8EF4506F88C" box="[986,1100,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Sphaeroma</emphasis>
Bosc, 1892
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FAE6F8EF457BF8A1" ID-CoL="7Q298" authority="Holdich and Jones, 1973" authorityName="Holdich and Jones" authorityYear="1973" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Sphaeromopsis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FAE6F8EF44FBF88C" box="[1303,1457,1794,1816]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Sphaeromopsis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FCC0F8F2457BF8A1" author="Holdich, D. M. &amp; Jones, D. A." box="[817,1073,1823,1845]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="385 - 395" refId="ref28944" refString="Holdich, D. M. and Jones, D. A. 1973. The systematics and ecology of a new genus of sand beach isopod (Sphaeromatidae) from Kenya. Journal of Zoology, London 171: 385 - 395." type="journal article" year="1973">Holdich and Jones, 1973</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9B36E7FFC3FFE5FCA0F8D140ABFE32" blockId="18.[817,1458,1119,1904]" lastBlockId="19.[131,772,224,422]" lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">
The relationship of
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FBEFF8D145FFF8C6" ID-CoL="7P25D" authorityName="Stebbing" authorityYear="1900" box="[1054,1205,1852,1874]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Exosphaeroma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FBEFF8D145FFF8C6" box="[1054,1205,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Exosphaeroma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to the similar
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FAA1F8D142E7F8FB" ID-CoL="7P7BK" authority="Miers, 1976" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1976" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Isocladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FAA1F8D144FBF8C6" box="[1360,1457,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Isocladus</emphasis>
Miers, 1976
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC3FFE4FC2EF8B745E6F8FB" ID-CoL="7Q727" authority="Leach, 1818" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1818" box="[991,1196,1881,1904]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Zuzara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC3FFE4FC2EF8B7456CF8E4" box="[991,1062,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="327">Zuzara</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE4FBDCF8B445E6F8FB" author="Leach, W. E." box="[1069,1196,1881,1903]" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" refId="ref29387" refString="Leach, W. E. 1818. Cymothoidees. Pp. 338 - 354 in Cuvier, F. (ed.), Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelle." type="book" year="1818">Leach, 1818</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
is unresolved (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB54B16FFC3FFE5FAB6F8B44052FF62" author="Bruce, N. L. &amp; Holdich, D. M." lastPageId="19" lastPageNumber="328" pageId="18" pageNumber="327" pagination="51 - 68" refId="ref27897" refString="Bruce, N. L., and Holdich, D. M. 2002. Revision of the isopod crustacean genus Campecopea (Flabellifera: Sphaeromatidae) with discussion of dorsal processes as characters of phylogenetic significance. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82: 51 - 68." type="journal article" year="2002">Bruce and Holdich, 2002</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC2FFE5FED8FF0D40C0FF62" ID-CoL="7P7BK" authorityName="Miers" authorityYear="1976" box="[297,394,224,246]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Isocladus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC2FFE5FED8FF0D40C0FF62" box="[297,394,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="328">Isocladus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="4C244D64FFC2FFE5FE4DFF0D4349FF62" ID-CoL="7Q727" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1818" box="[444,515,224,246]" class="Malacostraca" family="Sphaeromatidae" genus="Zuzara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Isopoda" pageId="19" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B950EAF5FFC2FFE5FE4DFF0D4349FF62" box="[444,515,224,246]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="328">Zuzara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are not precisely defined and include numerous ill-defined and poorly described species. Many of the 39 species, including those regarded as incertae sedis (see Appendix), have minimal descriptions. All of the Southern Hemisphere species need to be redescribed for there to be sufficient data to assess species differences, relationships or the biogeography of this genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>