478 lines
62 KiB
XML
478 lines
62 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="A39BE6A444F3C44F2ADD7C3CA767E018">Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="48F1BBE1580B5B50B07E50EDE2601C39">Kobayashi, Shigeki</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="B129B29E5C90C0ED21A9C96B5B65F301">Johns, Chris A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3A33684F0C88E95624C02D8968DD7AA4">Kawahara, Akito Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="9BF8CE5A6B2AC51F482C9EE3D784DC4F">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="ABD47D8D43A4088E06F82E12D5441356">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="038087CBFFAD0749FF75927AFD49A2FF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4683256" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181002410" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4683256" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087CBFFAD0749FF75927AFD49A2FF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087CBFFAD0749FF75927AFD49A2FF" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF75927AFC09A7B8" blockId="67.[151,896,1651,1715]" box="[151,896,1651,1678]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<heading id="D0DE81B1FFAD074CFF75927AFC09A7B8" bold="true" box="[151,896,1651,1678]" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" reason="4">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF75927AFC09A7B8" bold="true" box="[151,896,1651,1678]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFF75927AFCBEA7B8" ID-CoL="8VM3V" authority="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" authorityName="Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara" box="[151,823,1651,1678]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alakaiensis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF75927AFE2FA7B8" bold="true" box="[151,422,1651,1678]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Philodoria alakaiensis</emphasis>
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Kobayashi, Johns & Kawahara
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57B4FFAD074CFCDC927DFC09A7B8" box="[830,896,1652,1678]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF759291FDC3A7C3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF759291FD5FA784" blockId="67.[151,896,1651,1715]" box="[151,726,1688,1715]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFF759291FE8BA784" box="[151,258,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Figs. 14F</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFEEF9291FED7A785" box="[269,350,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[151,1435,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A Forewings of P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male, B Paratype male, C Same as B, forewings, D Paratype male (BMNH(E)1621107) in NHMUK, E Paratype female" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681843/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">15A–E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFE889291FE01A784" box="[362,392,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,187,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-23@68.[189,1398,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 36. SEM scan of the head of Philodoria alakaiensis, paratype female (SK870). A Anterior view of head from front, B Left palpus, C Right side of head, frontal view, D Right side of head, lateral view, E Anterolateral view of head, F Ventral view. an: antenna, ey: eye, fr: fron, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis, vt: vertex. Scale bar 100 µm (A, C–F), 50 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681891/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">36</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFE769291FE4FA784" box="[404,454,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[175,1416,191,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-23@74.[164,1423,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 39. Philodoria male posterior end of abdomen. A P. succedanea, male, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH-13/SK633]), host: Myrsine lessertiana, B P. sp. 7 of Johns et al. (2018), male, Kauai (CJ451a/SK754), host: Lysimachia kalalauensis, C P. haelaauensis, male, Maui (34254/SK828), host Pipturus sp., D P. alakaiensis, holotype male, Kauai (CJ473/ SK836), host Dubautia sp. co: coecum, cm: coremata, cr: cornuti, df: dorsal flap, gn: gnathos, pb: phallobase, ph: phallus, sa: saccus, si: signum, ss: subscaphium, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681897/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">39D</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFE309291FD8BA784" box="[466,514,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">47E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDEF9291FDB4A784" box="[525,573,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">48E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFDAB9291FDF1A784" box="[585,632,1688,1714]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">49E</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAD074CFD669291FD5BA784" box="[644,722,1688,1715]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">58F, G</figureCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF7592D5FDC3A7C3" blockId="67.[151,586,1756,1781]" box="[151,586,1756,1781]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFF7592D5FE8CA7C2" box="[151,261,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF7592D5FE8CA7C2" box="[151,261,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Philodoria</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. 15;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAD074CFEB792D5FD8CA7C3" author="Johns, C. A. & Toussaint, E. F. A. & Breinholt, J. W. & Kawahara, A. Y." box="[341,517,1756,1781]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" pagination="20181047" refId="ref101297" refString="Johns, C. A., Toussaint, E. F. A., Breinholt, J. W. & Kawahara, A. Y. (2018) Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B, 285, 20181047. https: // doi. org / 10.1098 / rspb. 2018.1047" type="journal article" year="2018">
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||
Johns
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFE7792D4FE4BA7C2" box="[405,450,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">et al</emphasis>
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||
. 2018
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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||
: fig. 2.
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF75932AFE60A608" box="[151,489,1826,1854]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF75932AFE60A608" blockId="67.[151,1437,1826,2034]" box="[151,489,1826,1854]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF75932AFEBFA60A" bold="true" box="[151,310,1826,1853]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFF75932AFF5BA60B" box="[151,210,1827,1853]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</emphasis>
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Alakai (Kauai).
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074CFF25934EFAA0A6B3" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074CFF25934EFAA0A6B3" blockId="67.[151,1437,1826,2034]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF25934EFEC7A657" bold="true" box="[199,334,1863,1889]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Etymology.</emphasis>
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||
The specific epithet is derived from the
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<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFCFD934EFCC6A657" box="[799,847,1863,1889]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">type</typeStatus>
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||
locality, Alaka’i (pronounced ‘Ala-Kayee’) Wilderness Preserve, also known as Alaka’i Swamp, an important wet forest area for Hawaiian endemic plants.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAD074BFF259386FEE1A6DC" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAD074BFF259386FEE1A6DC" blockId="67.[151,1437,1826,2034]" lastBlockId="68.[151,1437,1748,2026]" lastPageId="68" lastPageNumber="69" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">
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<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFF259386FEFFA69E" bold="true" box="[199,374,1934,1961]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Type material.</emphasis>
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||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFE9C9386FE6FA69F" box="[382,486,1935,1961]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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♂, Alakai, Kauai Is.,
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||
<date id="FF97101DFFAD074CFD3C9387FCD9A69F" box="[734,848,1934,1961]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-07-09">9.vii.2015</date>
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||
(stored), C.A. Johns leg., host:
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFB5A9386FAD3A69F" authorityName="Hook. & Arn. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[1208,1370,1935,1961]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFB5A9386FAD3A69F" box="[1208,1370,1935,1961]" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">Dubautia laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAD074CFA639386FF62A6FB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAD074CFA639386FF62A6FB" italics="true" pageId="67" pageNumber="68">D. paleata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAD074CFF1293BBFEE5A6FB" box="[240,364,1970,1997]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-06-18">18.vi.2015</date>
|
||
, CJ473, SK
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFE1593BAFDC8A6FB" box="[503,577,1971,1997]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.12344" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="836.0">836 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAD074CFDA893BAFD12A6FB" box="[586,667,1971,1997]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFD4B93BAFC82A6FB" box="[681,779,1971,1997]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
7 (3♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAD074CFC8B93BAFC04A6FB" box="[873,909,1971,1997]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="female">3♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 sex unknown): 1♂, same data and locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFF5493DEFE92A6C7" box="[182,283,2007,2033]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAD074CFEA793DEFE04A6C7" box="[325,397,2007,2033]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.18872" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" unit="in" value="468.0">468 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAD074CFE7793DEFE6FA6C7" box="[405,486,2007,2033]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 2♂,
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAD074CFDC693DEFDC0A6C7" box="[548,585,2007,2033]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="female">2♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, 1 (sex unknown), same data and locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAD074CFBA593DEFB25A6C7" box="[1095,1196,2007,2033]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAD074CFB5A93DFFABFA6C7" box="[1208,1334,2006,2033]" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" value="2015-07-11">11.vii.2015</date>
|
||
(stored), CJ479/SK658♂, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAA074BFE6792DDFE4BA7D9" box="[389,450,1748,1775]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">659♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK660♂, SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAA074BFD9392DDFD25A7D8" box="[625,684,1748,1774]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">661♀</specimenCount>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAA074BFD3992DCFCA5A7D9" box="[731,812,1749,1775]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAA074BFCDF92DDFCE9A7D8" box="[829,864,1748,1774]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, same locality as
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAA074BFBDC92DDFB2AA7D8" box="[1086,1187,1748,1774]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFB5192DDFABBA7D9" box="[1203,1330,1748,1775]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2015-07-11">11.vii.2015</date>
|
||
(stored),
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFF7592F1FE98A625" box="[151,273,1784,1811]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2015-06-18">18.vi.2015</date>
|
||
, host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFEB892F1FE73A624" authorityName="Hook. & Arn. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[346,506,1784,1810]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFEB892F1FE73A624" box="[346,506,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Dubautia laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFDFD92F0FD4AA624" authority=", CJ" authorityName="CJ" box="[543,707,1784,1811]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFDFD92F0FD1CA624" box="[543,661,1784,1810]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D. paleata</emphasis>
|
||
, CJ
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
481/SK
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAA074BFCFF92F1FCD1A624" box="[797,856,1784,1810]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">864♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, SK870 (
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAA074BFC5D92F1FC75A624" box="[959,1020,1784,1810]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">SEM</collectionCode>
|
||
) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAA074BFBC592F0FBF1A625" box="[1063,1144,1785,1811]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34697" name="Bishop Museum" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="Museum">BPBM</collectionCode>
|
||
; 1♂, Kauai, 4520’, Alakai Swamp, Kelekua Hut,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFE7A9315FD9BA600" box="[408,530,1820,1846]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1973-09-13">13.ix.1973</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1973-498,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFC689315FB8AA600" box="[906,1027,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFC689315FB8AA600" box="[906,1027,1820,1846]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 30 cf
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFB969315FADCA600" authority=", Colour" authorityName="Colour" box="[1140,1365,1820,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrelloides">nigrelloides, Colour</taxonomicName>
|
||
slides 133-4, 139 Pl. 3
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAA074BFEB39349FE1BA66D" box="[337,402,1856,1883]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1667,1691]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,184,1640]" captionTargetId="figure-20@13.[161,1426,181,1643]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 5. Philodoria species with forewing pattern type C. These species have white streaks and a developed maxillary palpus. Numbers at the bottom right of each moth image refer to the corresponding species below the image. Additional species that have similar forewing pattern are listed below each moth wing morph type, but not illustrated. Arrows indicate diagnostic characters: cs (25, 28), ds1 (29), lemon-yellow streak (36)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681823" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681823/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAA074BFE7B9349FDE7A66C" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[409,622,1856,1882]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFC639349FC7AA66C" box="[897,1011,1856,1882]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAA074BFB969349FB7DA66C" box="[1140,1268,1856,1883]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11761178" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="1621107.0">1621107 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAA074BFB189348FAEEA66D" box="[1274,1383,1857,1883]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
;
|
||
<specimenCount id="9D2FFD54FFAA074BFA909349FA1CA66C" box="[1394,1429,1856,1882]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
|
||
, Kauai, 4520’, Alakai Swamp, Kelekua Hut,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFD6C936DFC8BA649" box="[654,770,1892,1919]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="1973-07-05">5.vii.1973</date>
|
||
, K. & E. Sattler, B.M.1982-342,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFB9C936DFB7EA648" box="[1150,1271,1892,1918]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFB9C936DFB7EA648" box="[1150,1271,1892,1918]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. 28, Sattler Coll., D.C. Lees,
|
||
<date id="FF97101DFFAA074BFEB99381FE44A694" box="[347,461,1928,1954]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" value="2016-09">Sep. 2016</date>
|
||
, BMNH(E)
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAA074BFDAC9381FD47A694" box="[590,718,1928,1955]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.11761686" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" unit="in" value="1621109.0">1621109 in</quantity>
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE18FFAA074BFD369380FCCBA695" box="[724,834,1929,1955]" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAA074BFC9C9381FC69A694" box="[894,992,1928,1954]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
was mounted as a dry pinned specimen with its four wings placed without mountant under a coverslip: forewings slightly damaged at base, basal 2/3 of hindwings broken.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FFAA074BFF75922BFEC0A790" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681891" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681891/files/figure.png" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" startId="68.[151,250,1570,1594]" targetBox="[196,1393,187,1540]" targetPageId="68">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAA074BFF75922BFEC0A790" blockId="68.[151,1437,1570,1703]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFF75922BFE96A70C" bold="true" box="[151,287,1570,1594]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">FIGURE 36.</emphasis>
|
||
SEM scan of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAA074BFDC3922BFC8EA70C" box="[545,775,1570,1594]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="68" pageNumber="69" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="alakaiensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFDC3922BFC8EA70C" box="[545,775,1570,1594]" italics="true" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">Philodoria alakaiensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, paratype female (SK870).
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFBFC922BFBB9A70C" bold="true" box="[1054,1072,1570,1594]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">A</emphasis>
|
||
Anterior view of head from front,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFA69922BFA15A70C" bold="true" box="[1419,1436,1570,1594]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">B</emphasis>
|
||
Left palpus,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFEF4924FFEA1A768" bold="true" box="[278,296,1606,1630]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">C</emphasis>
|
||
Right side of head, frontal view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFD95924FFD00A768" bold="true" box="[631,649,1606,1630]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">D</emphasis>
|
||
Right side of head, lateral view,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFC36924FFC6CA768" bold="true" box="[980,997,1606,1630]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">E</emphasis>
|
||
Anterolateral view of head,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAA074BFAE1924FFA9BA768" bold="true" box="[1283,1298,1606,1630]" pageId="68" pageNumber="69">F</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view. an: antenna, ey: eye, fr: fron, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis, vt: vertex. Scale bar 100 µm (A, C–F), 50 µm (B).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="DF566655FFAB074AFF75923CFB35A78C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681893" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4681893" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681893/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" startId="69.[151,250,1589,1613]" targetBox="[157,1429,199,1566]" targetPageId="69">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAB074AFF75923CFB35A78C" blockId="69.[151,1437,1589,1722]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFF75923CFEA8A778" bold="true" box="[151,289,1589,1614]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">FIGURE 37.</emphasis>
|
||
Illustrations of the head of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFDDE923FFD23A778" box="[572,682,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFDDE923FFD23A778" box="[572,682,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFD55923CFD40A77B" bold="true" box="[695,713,1589,1613]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">A</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFD32923FFCB8A778" authorityName="Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" box="[720,817,1590,1614]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="basalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFD32923FFCB8A778" box="[720,817,1590,1614]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. basalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Hawaii (Big Island) (SKH09-1, SK615), host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFA8E923FFEFEA744" authorityName="Gaudich. (Walsingham" authorityYear="1907" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Metrosideros" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="polymorpha">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFA8E923FFEFEA744" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Metrosideros polymorpha</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFE649253FE1EA744" bold="true" box="[390,407,1626,1650]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">B</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFE429253FDC8A744" box="[416,577,1626,1650]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lysimachiella">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFE429253FDC8A744" box="[416,577,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. lysimachiella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, male, Oahu (CJ530a/SK749), host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFC209253FB3FA744" box="[962,1206,1626,1650]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Primulaceae" genus="Lysimachia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hillebrandii">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFC209253FB3FA744" box="[962,1206,1626,1650]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Lysimachia hillebrandii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFB269250FB5FA747" bold="true" box="[1220,1238,1625,1649]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">C</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFB3D9253FA15A747" baseAuthorityName="Walsingham" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[1247,1436,1626,1649]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="marginestrigata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFB3D9253FA15A747" box="[1247,1436,1626,1649]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. marginestrigata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(sex unknown), Molokai (CJ186), host:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFDCE9277FC99A7A0" authorityName="G.Don" authorityYear="1831" box="[556,784,1662,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Abutilon" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="grandiflorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFDCE9277FC99A7A0" box="[556,784,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Abutilon grandiflorum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFCFE9277FCA7A7A0" bold="true" box="[796,814,1662,1686]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">D</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFCD79277FC2FA7A0" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1910" box="[821,934,1662,1686]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hauicola">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFCD79277FC2FA7A0" box="[821,934,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. hauicola</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, female, Oahu (SKH08-9/SK750), host:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFAA69277FF7DA78C" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFAA69277FF79A78C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Hibiscus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malvales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tiliaceus">Hibiscus tiliaceus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
ey: eye, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, sc: scape, pd: pedicel, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAB074AFF2592E1FDCAA6A5" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAB074AFF2592E1FDCAA6A5" blockId="69.[151,1437,1768,2010]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFF2592E1FECBA634" bold="true" box="[199,322,1768,1794]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
Dark brownish forewings with four outwardly oblique white streaks: two dorsal ones and two slender costal ones (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAB074AFEAC9305FE33A610" box="[334,442,1804,1830]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAB074AFE249305FD93A611" box="[454,538,1804,1831]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[151,1435,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A Forewings of P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male, B Paratype male, C Same as B, forewings, D Paratype male (BMNH(E)1621107) in NHMUK, E Paratype female" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681843/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">15A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFCE19305FCF5A610" box="[771,892,1804,1830]" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFCE19305FCF5A610" box="[771,892,1804,1830]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Philodoria</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in having two costal streaks, but lacks a
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFF759339FF33A666" bold="true" box="[151,186,1840,1872]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAB074AFF50934BFF33A666" attach="left" box="[178,186,1858,1872]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and a short
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFEA59339FED7A67C" bold="true" box="[327,350,1840,1866]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">cs</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAB074AFEBD934BFE0CA67C" box="[351,389,1840,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.54" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="in" value="1.0">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFEBD934BFEEEA666" bold="true" box="[351,359,1858,1872]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAB074AFEBD934BFEEEA666" attach="left" box="[351,359,1858,1872]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
the forewing; valva slender and slightly rounded apically. An Alakai species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFB199338FE88A658" authority="(Swezey)" baseAuthorityName="Swezey" baseAuthorityYear="1946" class="Insecta" family="Gracillariidae" genus="Philodoria" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nigrelloides">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFB199338FA15A67C" box="[1275,1436,1840,1866]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">P. nigrelloides</emphasis>
|
||
(Swezey)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(male unknown, feeding on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFAB074AFDDC935DFD21A658" box="[574,680,1876,1902]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFDDC935DFD21A658" box="[574,680,1876,1902]" italics="true" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) differs from the new species in lacking the
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFB76935DFB3AA642" bold="true" box="[1172,1203,1876,1908]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFAB074AFB49936FFB3AA642" attach="left" box="[1195,1203,1894,1908]" fontSize="6" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and having a tubular antrum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B2CFFAB074AFF179371FE58A6A4" author="Zimmerman, E. C." box="[245,465,1912,1938]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" refId="ref103182" refString="Zimmerman, E. C. (1978 a) Gracillarioidea. In: Microlepidoptera. Part 1. Insects of Hawaii, Vol. 9. University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, pp. 644 - 718." type="book" year="1978">Zimmerman 1978a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 459).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFAB0749FF259395FED3A3C7" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFAB0749FF259395FE2BA0BF" blockId="69.[151,1437,1768,2010]" lastBlockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" lastPageId="70" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFAB074AFF259395FE2DA680" bold="true" box="[199,420,1948,1974]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Description: Adult</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAB074AFE519395FD94A680" box="[435,541,1948,1974]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="29.[151,250,1647,1671]" captionTargetBox="[160,1430,187,1620]" captionTargetId="figure-20@29.[151,1436,181,1623]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="FIGURE 14. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A P. dubauticola Swezey, 1940 lectotype female, B P. dubautiella (Swezey, 1913) lectotype male one of two cotypes on the same mount (upper specimen), C Paralecto- type female (lower specimen), D Female, Oahu, E P. sp. nr. P. dubautiella male, Kauai, F P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male. Scale bar 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681841" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681841/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">Figs. 14F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAB074AFDCA9395FDF0A681" box="[552,633,1948,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="30.[151,250,1656,1680]" captionTargetBox="[155,1433,185,1627]" captionTargetId="figure-23@30.[151,1435,181,1632]" captionTargetPageId="30" captionText="FIGURE 15. Adults of Philodoria species that have two costal streaks (cs1 and cs2). A Forewings of P. alakaiensis sp. n. holotype male, B Paratype male, C Same as B, forewings, D Paratype male (BMNH(E)1621107) in NHMUK, E Paratype female" figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681843" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681843/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">15A–E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFAB074AFD679395FD2CA681" box="[645,677,1948,1975]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,187,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-23@68.[189,1398,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 36. SEM scan of the head of Philodoria alakaiensis, paratype female (SK870). A Anterior view of head from front, B Left palpus, C Right side of head, frontal view, D Right side of head, lateral view, E Anterolateral view of head, F Ventral view. an: antenna, ey: eye, fr: fron, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis, vt: vertex. Scale bar 100 µm (A, C–F), 50 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681891/files/figure.png" pageId="69" pageNumber="70">36</figureCitation>
|
||
). Forewing length
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAB074AFC979395FC72A680" box="[885,1019,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.8499999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.8" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="3.8499999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.8">3.8–3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAB074AFBFF9395FB0BA680" box="[1053,1154,1948,1974]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFAB074AFB6F9395FA9AA680" box="[1165,1299,1948,1974]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5999999999999996" metricValueMax="3.9" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" unit="mm" value="3.5999999999999996" valueMax="3.9" valueMin="3.3">3.3–3.9 mm</quantity>
|
||
in
|
||
<typeStatus id="5492887FFFAB074AFAD79395FA10A680" box="[1333,1433,1948,1974]" pageId="69" pageNumber="70" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Head dark brown; frons white; maxillary palpus white; labial palpus white but with dark brown scales below at apex (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FF39949EFEB9A184" box="[219,304,151,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 36" captionStartId="68.[151,250,1570,1594]" captionTargetBox="[196,1393,187,1540]" captionTargetId="figure-23@68.[189,1398,181,1546]" captionTargetPageId="68" captionText="FIGURE 36. SEM scan of the head of Philodoria alakaiensis, paratype female (SK870). A Anterior view of head from front, B Left palpus, C Right side of head, frontal view, D Right side of head, lateral view, E Anterolateral view of head, F Ventral view. an: antenna, ey: eye, fr: fron, lp: labial palpus, mp: maxillary palpus, pf: pilifer, pr: proboscis, vt: vertex. Scale bar 100 µm (A, C–F), 50 µm (B)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681891" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681891/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 36</figureCitation>
|
||
); antenna dark brown, white beneath, about 1.1x length of forewing. Thorax brown. Forewing brown to dark brown with outwardly oblique white streaks that are found at:
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FC4E94B2FC42A1ED" bold="true" box="[940,971,187,219]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FC2194C4FC42A1ED" attach="left" box="[963,971,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
short one at about 1/2,
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FB3494B2FB7CA1ED" bold="true" box="[1238,1269,187,219]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
cs
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FB0F94C4FB7CA1ED" attach="left" box="[1261,1269,205,219]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
slender at 3/4;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF7594D6FF33A1C9" bold="true" box="[151,186,223,255]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FF5094F8FF33A1C9" attach="left" box="[178,186,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
very small at base along the dorsum;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FD8094D6FD0CA1C9" bold="true" box="[610,645,223,255]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FD9F94F8FD0CA1C9" attach="left" box="[637,645,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
large at 1/3;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FCFA94D6FCB2A1C9" bold="true" box="[792,827,223,255]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FCD194F8FCB2A1C9" attach="left" box="[819,827,241,255]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
at 3/4; some fuscous scales scattering from 1/2 to 3/4; apical portion orangish brown; three white costal spots (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FCF1950AFCD3A02B" bold="true" box="[787,858,259,285]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">a, b, c</emphasis>
|
||
) near apex; a spot of bluish scales at apex (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FAA8950AFAEAA02B" bold="true" box="[1354,1379,259,285]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">as</emphasis>
|
||
) and a few bluish scales in a more or less fuscous patch between apex and end of
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FC14952EFB90A071" bold="true" box="[1014,1049,295,327]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
ds
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FBF39530FB90A071" attach="right" box="[1041,1049,313,327]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; cilia fuscous with two white spot at termen;
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FEED9542FEA7A05D" bold="true" box="[271,302,331,363]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
bl
|
||
<subScript id="17AD3498FFA80749FEC49554FEA7A05D" attach="left" box="[294,302,349,363]" fontSize="6" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
black from termen to tornus, fuscous fringe at tornus. Hindwing and cilia fuscous. Legs pale fuscous with dark brown scales.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF25959AFE5BA30B" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF25959AFEFAA09A" bold="true" box="[199,371,402,429]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Male genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FE61959AFE63A09B" box="[387,490,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 39" captionStartId="74.[151,250,1665,1689]" captionTargetBox="[175,1416,191,1628]" captionTargetId="figure-23@74.[164,1423,181,1641]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="FIGURE 39. Philodoria male posterior end of abdomen. A P. succedanea, male, Hawaii (Big Island [SKH-13/SK633]), host: Myrsine lessertiana, B P. sp. 7 of Johns et al. (2018), male, Kauai (CJ451a/SK754), host: Lysimachia kalalauensis, C P. haelaauensis, male, Maui (34254/SK828), host Pipturus sp., D P. alakaiensis, holotype male, Kauai (CJ473/ SK836), host Dubautia sp. co: coecum, cm: coremata, cr: cornuti, df: dorsal flap, gn: gnathos, pb: phallobase, ph: phallus, sa: saccus, si: signum, ss: subscaphium, ta: tuba analis, te: tegumen, va: valva, vi: vinculum." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681897" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681897/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 39D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FE15959AFDAEA09B" box="[503,551,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">47E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FDD6959AFDEAA09B" box="[564,611,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">48E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FD92959AFD17A09B" box="[624,670,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">49E</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=2). Capsule
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FCBC959AFC30A09B" box="[862,953,403,429]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="800.0">800 µm</quantity>
|
||
. Tegumen 0.7–0.8 x length of valva; valva
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FF7595BFFF67A0E7" box="[151,238,438,465]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.9" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="590.0">590 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, tapering along costal margin from base 2/5–1/2 to apex, slightly rounded at apex and narrowing once at middle; a series of small spines arranged, along the inner side of valva (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FC0B95D2FBD9A0C3" box="[1001,1104,475,501]" captionStart="FIGURE 47" captionStartId="82.[151,250,1590,1614]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,191,1557]" captionTargetId="figure-23@82.[151,1436,181,1566]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="FIGURE 47. Left valva of Philodoria, inner view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu SK726, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681913" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681913/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 47E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Saccus triangular in ventral view (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FF3C95F6FECCA32F" box="[222,325,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 48" captionStartId="90.[151,250,1868,1892]" captionTargetBox="[162,1427,187,1835]" captionTargetId="figure-23@90.[151,1436,181,1844]" captionTargetPageId="90" captionText="FIGURE 48. Genital capsule of Philodoria, excluding right portion of male genitalia, ventral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui SK646, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733, E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella Oahu SK684, H P. naenaeiella paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681915" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681915/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 48E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Phallus
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FE5695F7FD85A32F" box="[436,524,510,537]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="550.0">550 µm</quantity>
|
||
long, rounded at phallobase with developed coecum; two series of spiny minute cornuti in vesica (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FE82962AFE4FA30B" box="[352,454,547,573]" captionStart="FIGURE 49" captionStartId="91.[151,250,1892,1916]" captionTargetBox="[162,1421,189,1858]" captionTargetId="figure-20@91.[151,1436,181,1868]" captionTargetPageId="91" captionText="FIGURE 49. Phallus of Philodoria, lateral view. A P. wilkesiella, Maui, PHIL0007, B P. epibathra, Molokai, SK678, C P. dubauticola, Maui, SK812, D P. dubautiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK733 E P. alakaiensis, paratype, Kauai, SK660, F P. limahuliensis, holotype, Kauai, SK731, G P. hibiscella, Oahu, SK684, H P. naenaeiella, paralectotype, Oahu, SK691, I P. knudseniiella, holotype, Kauai, SK862, J P. hesperomanniella, holotype, Maui, SK831." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681917" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681917/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 49E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF25964EFED3A3C7" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF25964EFE06A356" bold="true" box="[199,399,582,609]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Female genitalia</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FE43964EFDA1A357" box="[417,552,582,609]" captionStart="FIGURE 58" captionStartId="109.[151,250,1622,1646]" captionTargetBox="[164,1427,193,1591]" captionTargetId="figure-20@109.[152,1435,181,1598]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="FIGURE 58. Female genitalia of Philodoria. A P. wilkesiella, SK761, B P. epibathra, SK679, C P. dubauticola, SK645, D Same species, PHIL0008, E P. dubautiella, SK692, F P. alakaiensis, paratype, SK659, G Same species, lateral view, H P. hibiscella, SK723, I P. naenaeiella, SK703, J Same species, SK834, K P. knudseniiella, paratype, SK863, L P. hesperomanniella, paratype, SK832, M Same species, SK620." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4681935" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4681935/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 58F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
) (n=3).
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FD68964EFD7BA357" box="[650,754,583,609]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.28" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="1280.0">1280 µm</quantity>
|
||
long. Ostium bursae large; antrum low, cup-shaped with a slender pair of lateral lobes; lamella antevaginalis
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FD379662FCB9A3B3" box="[725,816,619,645]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="210.0">210 µm</quantity>
|
||
, weakly sclerotized, trapezoid in ventral view, slightly inflexed on the posterior margin, widening toward anterior margin of A7. Ductus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FB9F9687FA86A39F" box="[1149,1295,654,681]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="4.5" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="425.0" valueMax="450.0" valueMin="400.0">400–450 µm</quantity>
|
||
; terminus of ductus bursae biforked. Corpus bursae
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B38FFA80749FDB696BAFD6FA3FB" box="[596,742,691,717]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.95" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="6.9" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" unit="mm" value="695.0" valueMax="700.0" valueMin="690.0">690–700 µm</quantity>
|
||
, oblong with paired rows of wrinkles running longitudinally, some sclerotized.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA80749FF2596F3FE3BA223" box="[199,434,762,789]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF2596F3FE3BA223" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,434,762,789]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF2596F3FEE8A222" bold="true" box="[199,353,762,788]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Kauai.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="C3336556FFA80749FF259716FD49A2FF" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF259716FBC7A2B7" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF259716FED0A20F" bold="true" box="[199,345,799,825]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Host plants.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FE809716FE68A20F" box="[354,481,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Asteraceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FE0C9716FDD1A20F" box="[494,600,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FE0C9716FDD1A20F" box="[494,600,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FD769716FD61A20F" authorityName="Hook. & Arn. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[660,744,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FD769716FD61A20F" box="[660,744,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D. laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FCF09716FC02A20F" box="[786,907,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FCF09716FC02A20F" box="[786,907,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D. paleata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). Several species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FB9F9716FB6EA20F" box="[1149,1255,799,825]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FB9F9716FB6EA20F" box="[1149,1255,799,825]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dubautia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
co-occur in the Alakai swamp area and it is unclear whether the specimens found by N. Tangalin were on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FB51974AFADFA26B" authorityName="Hook. & Arn. (Swezey" authorityYear="1940" box="[1203,1366,835,861]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="laxa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FB51974AFADFA26B" box="[1203,1366,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Dubautia laxa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FA63974AFF62A2B7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Dubautia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paleata">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FA63974AFF62A2B7" italics="true" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">D. paleata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. These mines were very abundant during our surveys in the summer of 2015.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF259783FD33A293" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,698,906,933]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF259783FEAEA292" bold="true" box="[199,295,906,932]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
The larva mines fresh fuzzy leaves.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636DDFFA80749FF2597A7FD49A2FF" blockId="70.[151,1437,151,969]" box="[199,704,942,969]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEACFFFA80749FF2597A7FEDDA2FE" bold="true" box="[199,340,942,968]" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Parasitoids.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D5EFFA80749FEB997A6FE52A2FF" box="[347,475,943,969]" class="Insecta" family="Braconidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="70" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Braconidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.? (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A58FFA80749FDFF97A6FD3DA2FF" box="[541,692,942,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 105" captionStartId="167.[151,250,1906,1930]" captionTargetBox="[150,1436,186,1876]" captionTargetId="figure-20@167.[146,1441,181,1882]" captionTargetPageId="167" captionText="FIGURE 105. Parasitoid wasps that emerged from Philodoria that mine Asteraceae, Kauai. A–H, M, N: Braconidae, I, J: unidentified species, M–O: Bethylidae. A–L: from P. alakaiensis? on Dubautia sp. [laxa?], Kauai. A, B CJ453, C, D CJ458-1, E, F CJ458-2, G, H CJ458-3, I, J CJ458-4, K, L CJ458-5, M–O CJ522 from P. funkae on Wilkesia gymnoxiphium." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4682041" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4682041/files/figure.png" pageId="70" pageNumber="71">Fig. 105A–L</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |