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<document id="1E08ABC5902D649166A1447D65A407D6" ID-CLB-Dataset="27715" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4541.1.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="9c3fecf1-4e11-4c79-a908-e0a5abbaf3ca" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2617460" ID-ZooBank="B11E734C-218B-418C-84E6-719AB3C58AFF" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1553927824231" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Arachchige, Gayashan M., Jayakody, Sevvandi, Mooi, Rich &amp; Kroh, Andreas" docDate="2019" docId="038087B4FFFF892DFF02FB4571019C5C" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4541.1.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4541 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Nacospatangus altus" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="89" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFAA8975FF95FFB47314996C" masterDocTitle="Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka" masterLastPageNumber="100" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="86" updateTime="1698715306146" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="248D6CDB5E07DEC03634B8478415596C">Taxonomy and distribution of irregular echinoids (Echinoidea: Irregularia) from Sri Lanka</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="8CA868CB97000C7B95A893528CD39399">Arachchige, Gayashan M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A8EF9D6B6A94C4ED4453C09121E56FD2">Jayakody, Sevvandi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5F8193ABCA5B3A6AC86FEDE9DE64F093">Mooi, Rich</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D18085806243E891C61173668A8610D5">Kroh, Andreas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="8D7611066A046144AE2CD6844AB72E22">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFFF892DFF02FB4571019C5C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5935472" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154529624" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5935472" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFFF892DFF02FB4571019C5C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFFF892DFF02FB4571019C5C" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFFF8920FF02FB45716C9C67" box="[151,632,1265,1291]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02FB45716C9C67" blockId="85.[151,632,1265,1325]" box="[151,632,1265,1291]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<heading id="D0DE81CEFFFF8920FF02FB45716C9C67" bold="true" box="[151,632,1265,1291]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFF8920FF02FB45716C9C67" ID-CoL="45JSY" authority="(A. Agassiz, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[151,632,1265,1291]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Nacospatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF02FB45716C9C67" bold="true" box="[151,632,1265,1291]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF02FB4572859C67" bold="true" box="[151,401,1265,1291]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Nacospatangus altus</emphasis>
(A. Agassiz, 1864)
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFFF8920FF02FAA0766C9CFC" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02FAA0722C9C41" blockId="85.[151,632,1265,1325]" box="[151,312,1300,1325]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFFF8920FF02FAA0722C9C41" box="[151,312,1300,1325]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 74" captionStart-1="FIGURE 75" captionStartId-0="86.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionStartId-1="87.[151,250,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox-0="[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetBox-1="[293,1308,212,1524]" captionTargetId-0="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetId-1="figure@87.[270,1317,193,1548]" captionTargetPageId-0="86" captionTargetPageId-1="87" captionText-0="FIGURE 74. Nacospatangus altus: A, aboral view (WUSL/EI/83); B, oral view (WUSL/EI/83); C, left side (WUSL/EI/82), D, right side (WUSL/EI/82), lateral views; E, anterior (WUSL/EI/83); F, posterior (WUSL/EI/83); G, sternal view (WUSL/EI/83)." captionText-1="FIGURE 75. Distribution map of Nacospatangus altus recorded in this study." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/2617603/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/2617605/files/figure.png" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Figures 7475</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02FAE871039C1E" blockId="85.[151,1400,1372,1424]" box="[151,535,1372,1394]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
1864
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFF8920FF45FAE972D39C1E" authority="A. Agassiz" authorityName="A. Agassiz" box="[208,455,1372,1394]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Maretia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF45FAE9725A9C1E" box="[208,334,1372,1394]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Maretia alta</emphasis>
A. Agassiz
</taxonomicName>
: p. 360.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02FACE766C9CFC" blockId="85.[151,1400,1372,1424]" box="[151,1400,1402,1424]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
1951
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFF8920FF45FACE71089CFC" authority="(A. Agassiz)" authorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[208,540,1402,1424]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Pseudomaretia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="alta">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF45FACE72819CFC" box="[208,405,1402,1424]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Pseudomaretia alta</emphasis>
(A. Agassiz)
</taxonomicName>
.—Mortensen: p. 5862; pl. 3: figs. 1214, 1620; pl. 46: figs. 16, 811, 13, 19, 20.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFFF8920FF02FA0971629FBE" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02FA0971BB9C96" blockId="85.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF02FA0972709CBA" bold="true" box="[151,356,1469,1494]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Material studied.</emphasis>
Five denuded specimens: WUSL/EI/82, EI/83, EI/116, and EI/117, from Kamburugamuwa, and WUSL/EI/115, from Mount Lavinia,
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFFF8920FDAFFA5571BF9C96" box="[570,683,1505,1530]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF02F9B172359F72" blockId="85.[151,1436,1469,2034]" box="[151,289,1541,1566]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52F99D71629FBE" blockId="85.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52F99D72649F2D" box="[199,368,1577,1602]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Shape and size</emphasis>
—Test thin and fragile; medium-sized,
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFFF8920FCA5F99D70F69F2D" box="[816,994,1577,1602]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9825" metricValueMax="4.695" metricValueMin="3.27" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" unit="mm" value="39.825" valueMax="46.95" valueMin="32.7">32.746.95 mm</quantity>
TL; width 7380% TL, greatest width about halfway along length; outline of anterior end gently curved with very inconspicuous anterior notch; TH 4245% TL, highest point along posterior interambulacrum 5 which forms a sharp keel; posterior end obliquely truncated in lateral view; oral side flat but sternum rises into a conspicuous keel at its posterior end; ambitus sharply curved from aboral to oral surface.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFFF892DFF52F96970C29A81" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="85" pageNumber="86" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8920FF52F96971E19E52" blockId="85.[151,1436,1469,2034]" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52F96972709F99" box="[199,356,1757,1782]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Apical system</emphasis>
—Ethmolytic, with three gonopores (no gonopore in genital plate 2); posterior pore pair larger than anterior gonopore; madreporite not conspicuously extending beyond posterior oculars; situated anterior of centre, c. 33% TL (SD=1, N=6) from anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFF8922FF52F8FD72CB9E39" blockId="85.[151,1436,1469,2034]" lastBlockId="87.[151,1436,1672,2021]" lastPageId="87" lastPageNumber="88" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFF8920FF52F8FD72579E0E" box="[199,323,1865,1890]" italics="true" pageId="85" pageNumber="86">Ambulacra</emphasis>
—Ambulacrum III narrow, very slightly sunken; paired petals with unequal poriferous zones, nearly closed, pores in single pore pair equal in size, slightly pointed at inner ends, pore series converging distally; adapical pore pairs rudimentary in both anterior and posterior paired petals; poriferous zones of anterior paired petals highly unequal, in anterior paired petal, posterior poriferous zone (petal IIa, IVb) usually 79 pore pairs longer than anterior poriferous zone (petal IIb, IVa); in posterior paired petals (petals I, V), length difference not as pronounced and posterior poriferous zones (petal Ia, Vb) usually a single pore pair shorter than anterior ones (petal Ib, Va) (however, largest examined specimen [WUSL/EI/82] shows equal pore pair numbers in both anterior and posterior poriferous zones); length of rudimentary area of anterior poriferous zones (petal IIb, IVa) greater than posterior poriferous zones (petal IIa, IVb) of anterior paired petal, c. 17% and 3% TL respectively; length of rudimentary area of anterior (Ib, Va) and posterior poriferous zones (petal Ia, Vb) of posterior paired petal nearly equal, c. 8% TL respectively.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DF56662AFFFC8923FF02F80876899E9D" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617603/files/figure.png" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" startId="86.[151,250,1980,2002]" targetBox="[151,1436,193,1959]" targetPageId="86">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFC8923FF02F80876899E9D" blockId="86.[151,1437,1980,2033]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFC8923FF02F808720B9EBD" bold="true" box="[151,287,1980,2002]" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">FIGURE 74.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFC8923FEB0F80972EC9EBE" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[293,504,1980,2002]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Nacospatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="86" pageNumber="87" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFC8923FEB0F80972EC9EBE" box="[293,504,1980,2002]" italics="true" pageId="86" pageNumber="87">Nacospatangus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
: A, aboral view (WUSL/EI/83); B, oral view (WUSL/EI/83); C, left side (WUSL/EI/82), D, right side (WUSL/EI/82), lateral views; E, anterior (WUSL/EI/83); F, posterior (WUSL/EI/83); G, sternal view (WUSL/EI/83).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="DF56662AFFFD8922FF02F99570BA9F5B" box="[151,942,1569,1591]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617605/files/figure.png" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" startId="87.[151,250,1569,1591]" targetBox="[293,1308,212,1524]" targetPageId="87">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFD8922FF02F99570BA9F5B" blockId="87.[151,942,1569,1591]" box="[151,942,1569,1591]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFD8922FF02F99572349F5B" bold="true" box="[151,288,1569,1591]" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">FIGURE 75.</emphasis>
Distribution map of
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFFD8922FE61F99671D39F5B" baseAuthorityName="A. Agassiz" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[500,711,1569,1591]" class="Echinoidea" family="Maretiidae" genus="Nacospatangus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Spatangoida" pageId="87" pageNumber="88" phylum="Echinodermata" rank="species" species="altus">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFD8922FE61F99671D39F5B" box="[500,711,1569,1591]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Nacospatangus altus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
recorded in this study.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFFD892DFF52F8D4720798C1" blockId="87.[151,1436,1672,2021]" lastBlockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" lastPageId="88" lastPageNumber="89" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFFD8922FF52F8D472779E15" box="[199,355,1888,1913]" italics="true" pageId="87" pageNumber="88">Tuberculation</emphasis>
—Aboral interambulacra uniformly and densely covered by small secondary tubercles, except for a few enlarged primary tubercles in interambulacra 1, 2, 3, and 4; aboral interambulacrum 5 without enlarged primary tubercles; in aboral interambulacra 2 and 3, many enlarged primary tubercles present along adjoining anterior ambulacrum; these tubercles without sunken areoles; two series (or exceptionally three) of enlarged tubercles along interambulacra 1 and 4 on each side starting anteriorly from very close to posterior poriferous zones of anterior paired petals, first series consists of 34 and rarely 5 enlarged primary tubercles just aboral to ambitus (
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFF2892DFF6AFF6B729D9994" box="[255,393,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 74" captionStartId="86.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetId="figure@86.[151,1436,193,1959]" captionTargetPageId="86" captionText="FIGURE 74. Nacospatangus altus: A, aboral view (WUSL/EI/83); B, oral view (WUSL/EI/83); C, left side (WUSL/EI/82), D, right side (WUSL/EI/82), lateral views; E, anterior (WUSL/EI/83); F, posterior (WUSL/EI/83); G, sternal view (WUSL/EI/83)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617603/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 74C, D</figureCitation>
); second series 12 tubercles just above first series; rarely third series with a single enlarged primary tubercle; these tubercles non-crenulate with deeply sunken areoles; oral interambulacra with non-crenulate primary tubercles, mamelon of tubercles eccentric; these primary tubercles smaller than tubercles on aboral interambulacra 1 and 4, and larger than tubercles on aboral interambulacra 2 and 3; tubercles on adoral interambulacrum 5 smaller than other tubercles on oral interambulacra; larger tubercles present along adjoining ambulacra.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FE0371AC9B74" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FE03723298BC" box="[199,294,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Plastron</emphasis>
—Narrow, width c. 16% TL (SD=0.43, N=6); sternal plates tuberculate except for small part along anterior end; sternal plates forming conspicuous median keel towards posterior end; labrum arrow, slightly elevated at peristome with narrow posterior prolongation.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FD90772D9BC4" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FD9072339B51" box="[199,295,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fasciole</emphasis>
—Subanal fasciole well-developed, heart-shaped, adoral end pointed, adapical fasciole following lower edge of periproctal cavity; height of subanal fasciole approximately 21% TL (SD=1.1, N=6) and width approximately 28% TL (SD=0.7, N=6); usually encloses three pore pairs on each side, exceptionally, four pore pairs in each side of largest specimens examined (WUSL/EI/82); no anal branches.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FD0172589B9C" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FD01722D9BA0" box="[199,313,693,716]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Peristome</emphasis>
—D-shaped; oblique; moderately large, length 912% TL, width 1517% TL; 2425% TL from anterior margin.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FD49776D9A79" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" box="[199,1145,764,789]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FD4972259A78" box="[199,305,765,788]" italics="true" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Periproct</emphasis>
—Large, length 1219% TL, width 1419% TL; fully visible in oral view..
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FCAB77049AEC" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FCAB72B19A54" bold="true" box="[199,421,799,824]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Geographic range.</emphasis>
Indo-West Pacific, from Islands of West Indian Ocean (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFB84FCAB778B9A54" author="Clark, H. L." box="[1041,1183,799,824]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref34415" refString="Clark, H. L. (1925 a) A Catalogue of the Recent Sea-Urchins (Echinoidea) in the Collection of the British Museum (Natural History). Oxford University Press, London, 250 pp." type="book" year="1925">Clark 1925a</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFB27FCAB760B9A54" box="[1202,1311,799,824]" name="Mauritius" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Mauritius</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFAB8FC9473C69A30" author="De Loriol, P." pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 64" refId="ref34555" refString="De Loriol, P. (1883) Catalogue raisonne des Echinodermes recueillis par MV de Robillard a l'ile Maurice. Memoires de la Societe de physique et d'histoire naturelle de Geneve, 28, 1 - 64." type="journal article" year="1883">De Loriol 1883</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFF73FCF072419A31" box="[230,341,836,861]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFEF6FCF072F29A31" author="Clark, H. L." box="[355,486,836,861]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="83 - 102" refId="ref34305" refString="Clark, H. L. (1915) The echinoderms of Ceylon other than holothurians. Spolia Zeylanica, 10, 83 - 102." type="journal article" year="1915">Clark 1915</bibRefCitation>
), Bay of Bengal (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFD39FCF0705F9A30" author="Koehler, R." box="[684,843,836,861]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref34913" refString="Koehler, R. (1914) Echinoderma of the Indian Museum, Part 8, An Account of the Echinoidea I. Spatangides. Trustees of the Indian Museum, Calcutta, 258 pp." type="book" year="1914">Koehler 1914</bibRefCitation>
), East Indies (de
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFB9BFCF077B19A30" author="de Meijere, J. C. H." box="[1038,1189,836,861]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="1 - 252" refId="ref35172" refString="de Meijere, J. C. H. (1904) Die Echinoidea der Siboga-Expedition. Siboga Expeditie, 43, 1 - 252." type="journal article" year="1904">Meijere 1904</bibRefCitation>
) to
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFB47FCF076889A31" box="[1234,1436,836,861]" name="Philippines" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Philippine Islands</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFF0BFCDC72739AEC" author="Mortensen, T." box="[158,359,872,896]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="93 - 140" refId="ref35497" refString="Mortensen, T. (1948 e) Contributions to the Biology of the Philippine Archipelago and adjacent regions. Report on the Echinoidea collected by the United States Fisheries Steamer &quot; Albatross &quot; during the Philippine Expedition, 1907 - 1910. Part 3: The Echinoneidae, Echinolampidae, Clypeastridae, Arachnidae, Laganidae, Fibulariidae, Urechinidae, Echinocorythidae, Palaeostomatidae, Micrasteridae, Palaepneustidae, Hemiasteridae, and Spatangidae. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum Bulletin, 100, 93 - 140." type="journal article" year="1948">Mortensen 1948e</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFEE7FCDC713E9AEC" author="Mortensen, T." box="[370,554,871,896]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFDFCFCD371B89AEC" box="[617,684,871,896]" name="China" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">China</collectingCountry>
&amp; South
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFC8DFCDC704C9A13" box="[792,856,872,895]" name="Japan" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Japan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFCF3FCD377109AEC" author="Agassiz, A." box="[870,1028,871,896]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="379 - 628" refId="ref32647" refString="Agassiz, A. (1872 - 1874) Revision of the Echini. Illustrated Catalogue of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 7 (Pt. 1 - 2, 3 &amp; 4) i-xii + 1 - 378, pls. 1 - 49 (1872), 379 - 628 + 1, pls. 50 - 77 (1873) &amp; 629 - 762, pls. 78 - 94 (1874)." type="journal article" year="1872">Agassiz 1872</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FC3872BA9AC9" bold="true" box="[199,430,908,933]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Bathymetric range.</emphasis>
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(
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFDA9FC3871EC9AC9" author="Mortensen, T." box="[572,760,908,933]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen 1951</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FC1B70C29A81" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FC1B717F9AA4" bold="true" box="[199,619,943,968]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
Observed occurrence in
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFF2892DFE7EFC1B71729AA4" box="[491,614,943,968]" name="Sri Lanka" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Sri Lanka</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
Specimens were collected from sand patches between patch reefs on the western and southern coasts of Sri Lanka, at a depth of
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFF2892DFC96FC6070729A80" box="[771,870,980,1004]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="m" value="25.0" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="20.0">2030 m</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFF2892DFCE3FC6070DE9A81" box="[886,970,980,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 75" captionStartId="87.[151,250,1569,1591]" captionTargetBox="[293,1308,212,1524]" captionTargetId="figure@87.[270,1317,193,1548]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="FIGURE 75. Distribution map of Nacospatangus altus recorded in this study." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/2617605/files/figure.png" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Fig. 75</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336529FFF2892DFF52FC4371019C5C" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFF2892DFF52FC4371019C5C" blockId="88.[151,1436,151,1328]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFF2892DFF52FC43722F9D7C" bold="true" box="[199,315,1015,1040]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89">Remarks.</emphasis>
The number of the distal pore pairs in the anterior series of the anterior paired petals is variable. Out of six specimens, only one (WUSL/EI/127, 38.0 mm TL) has 5 distal pore pairs, while four specimens have 8 distal pore pairs and the largest examined specimen has 9.
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFD6DFBF470E49D34" author="Mortensen, T." box="[760,1008,1087,1112]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensen (1951: 59)</bibRefCitation>
observed 56 distal pore pairs in the anterior series of the anterior petals in his specimens, even though he had examined specimens up to a size of
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. Likewise, number of enlarge primary tubercles is variable: some of the examined materials (WUSL/EI/116,
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFF2892DFF02FB1873E89DA8" box="[151,252,1196,1220]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.42" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="34.2">34.2 mm</quantity>
TL; WUSL/EI/83,
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TL; WUSL/EI/127,
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TL) and (WUSL/EI/82,
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFF2892DFB2CFB1876389DA8" box="[1209,1324,1196,1221]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.695" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" unit="mm" value="46.95">46.95 mm</quantity>
TL) have seven and eight large tubercles in interambulacrum 4 respectively. This differs from
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B53FFF2892DFB22FB6476889D84" author="Mortensen, T." box="[1207,1436,1231,1256]" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" refId="ref35636" refString="Mortensen, T. (1951) A Monograph of the Echinoidea V. 2. Spatangoida. 2. Amphisternata. II. Spatangidae, Loveniidae, Pericosmidae, Schizasteridae, Brissidae. C. A. Reitzel, Copenhagen, 593 pp." type="book" year="1951">Mortensens (1951)</bibRefCitation>
observations. These features suggest intraspecific variation and can thus only be used in conjunction with the additional characters listed above.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>