270 lines
34 KiB
XML
270 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="186AA64C767E70E224DAE0F06670F045" ID-DOI="10.1080/00222933.2012.708452" ID-ISSN="1464-5262" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4590828" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1615293597861" checkinUser="carolina" docAuthor="Kramer, Bernd, Bills, Roger, Skelton, Paul & Wink, Michael" docDate="2012" docId="038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA" docLanguage="en" docName="JNATHIST.46.35-36.2179-2258.pdf" docOrigin="Journal of Natural History 46 (35 - 36)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452" docStyle="DocumentStyle:DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813.5:JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="DE8A86AD4006EFA56F95B2AAEFBF2813" docStyleName="JNatHist.2008-2012.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="5" docTitle="Petrocephalus magnoculis Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="2242" masterDocId="FFB9FFCCFFE0FF90A279FFDA6003327D" masterDocTitle="A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species" masterLastPageNumber="2258" masterPageNumber="2179" pageNumber="2241" updateTime="1698882054463" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="13DF4D6147625508CB03E7518EAECCB9">A critical revision of the churchill snoutfish, genus Petrocephalus Marcusen, 1854 (Actinopterygii: Teleostei: Mormyridae), from southern and eastern Africa, with the recognition of Petrocephalus tanensis, and the description of five new species</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="94CFF5F9400D8A8DF43FD56DE4A6083C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="33E4A6EB1FC4CCAF3521D2B5BBDCAB1A">Kramer, Bernd</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="023884D03413C7F31FD18E457DF57B2C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="189D152FF9D8CAF8C4F973135C5E107B">Bills, Roger</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="413F1E6BAC25952CDFDF3B798B38D85B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="A93E6131940ED91F825608C863FB205B">Skelton, Paul</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="9AC5F38C5372A86EAD6298F91AEAFE77" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D4A8CC047128F9DE93B65AE0A3E26695">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="04A7022CB4B4A967B773830BD8ECC04F">Wink, Michael</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="565E3356051551CDB430637DFF09FDF2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="202D35982ECB03EE7262D60F0C523FF5">Journal of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="198CE60A5636B790D18DEFD9151574FE">
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<mods:date id="FD75E9B9D4D19DEB0298CD25B38E5B90">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="936640275BE38482037A0A2797B3E1E2">2012-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="7B8212517E3AF94676B545A05DD05662" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="743E489D9F88CF4DBACC8ABA1948DA38">46</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="10EE57CA8AF3A96CF8BB83E69F72C599">35 - 36</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="D557FCDB08DE9563198B287736CAB264">2179</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="E9EA253CD993281F204F6621DD5FBE55">http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708452</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="DFD799B776AF22304931344113585CCB">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="CA6C65A03BB89D61C2D9A46CD052BA75" type="DOI">10.1080/00222933.2012.708452</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="0C5357544207D5D8CBA0E7B1DDCB43A8" type="ISSN">1464-5262</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="2242" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFA0FFD0A381FD9B636C3027" box="[504,879,577,602]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD0A381FD9B636C3027" blockId="64.[502,881,577,634]" box="[504,879,577,602]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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<heading id="D0DE81CEFFA0FFD0A381FD9B636C3027" box="[504,879,577,602]" centered="true" fontSize="36" level="2" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" reason="7">
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<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFA0FFD0A381FD9B63173027" ID-CoL="4FDXL" authority="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[504,788,577,602]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnoculis" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A381FD9B63173027" bold="true" box="[504,788,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Petrocephalus magnoculis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFA0FFD0A163FD99636C3027" box="[794,879,579,602]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C3336529FFA0FFD1A38FFDB860D736FA" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="2242" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="description">
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<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD0A38FFDB863723007" blockId="64.[502,881,577,634]" box="[502,881,610,634]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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(
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FFA0FFD0A384FDB862633007" box="[509,608,610,634]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[143,210,1254,1276]" captionText="Figure 2(A–D). Photographs of members of southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species studied (numbers refer to localities given in Figures 1, 6 and 9). (1) P. catostoma (Günther, 1866), Lectotype, BMNH 1863.10.12.4, right side, SL 4.7 cm. (2) P. stuhlmanni Boulenger, 1909, holotype, BMNH 1907.12.3.1, SL 7.9 cm. (3) P. wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, right side, SL 9.7 cm, SAIAB 85922 (R1). (7) P. longicapitis sp. nov., SMF 28265 (R1), SL 9 cm. (9) P. okavangensis sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 030046, right side, SL 6.1 cm. (10) P. catostoma tanensis Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959, holotype, BMNH 1963.11.29.1, right side, SL 6.7 cm. (10a) P. tanensis, field no. Ta05na, SL 8.7 cm, SAIAB 85907. (12) P. longianalis sp. nov., holotype, SL 8.2 cm, right side, SAIAB 76758. (21) P. petersi sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 060846, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (23) P. magnoculis sp. nov., SL 8.9 cm, ZSM 38659. (24) P. haullevillii Boulenger, 1912, BMNH 1912.4.1.186–188 (R1), right side, SL 5.7 cm. (25) P. steindachneri Fowler 1958, syntype, NMW 55118:3, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (26) P. stuhlmanni congicus David and Poll, 1937, syntype, MRAC 30807-30808, SL 7.8 cm. (27) P. degeni Boulenger, 1906, BMNH 1906.5.30.84, right side, SL 8.12 cm. (28) P. catostoma, SAIAB 73894 (R1), right side, SL 6.4 cm. (31) P. magnitrunci sp. nov., SL 8.5 cm, SAIAB 67069 (R5, right side), see map Figure 6. Scale bar, 1 cm." pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Figure 2</figureCitation>
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, no. 23; online
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<figureCitation id="13122A27FFA0FFD0A173FDB8636B3007" box="[778,872,610,634]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="41.[143,210,841,863]" captionTargetBox="[143,1103,168,808]" captionTargetId="figure-6@41.[143,1103,168,808]" captionTargetPageId="41" captionText="Figure 8. Principal component analysis on 17 anatomical characters (see Table 1), for six Okavango samples, focusing on that of the Boro River (Petrocephalus magnitrunci sp. nov., red triangles). (A) Boro/Xakanixa River (blue squares); (B) Boro/Gadikwe Lagoon (blue squares); (C) Boro/Xakanixa Channel (blue squares); (D) Boro/Popa Rapids (blue squares); (E) Boro/Upper Zambezi River (blue squares); (F) Boro/Cunene River (blue squares). The 17 characters included in the analysis were: PDL/SL, PAL/SL, LD/SL, LA/SL, pD/SL, CPL/SL, CPD/CPL, Lso/HL, HL/SL, BD/SL, nD, nA, SPc, SLS, OD/HL, LPF/HL, PPF/SL. Characters of Table 1 that were excluded: HL/Na, LSc/HL." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590850" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4590850/files/figure.png" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Figure 8</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD0A2AAFD7962393164" blockId="64.[211,1171,673,793]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A2AAFD79618630C4" box="[211,389,674,698]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Type specimens.</emphasis>
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A3F5FD7B61C630A4" collectionCode="SAIAB" location="Ruacana Falls" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCode="SAIAB 78788" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<typeStatus id="54928800FFA0FFD0A3F5FD7B61F830C4" box="[396,507,673,697]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFA0FFD0A07CFD7B62A130C4" box="[517,674,673,697]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 78788</specimenCode>
|
||
(specimen Ruac06) from
|
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFA0FFD0A1BAFD7B646330C4" box="[963,1120,673,697]" isEnumeration="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFA0FFD0A1BAFD7B641A30C4" box="[963,1049,673,697]" country="Angola" name="Cunene" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Cunene</collectingRegion>
|
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<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFA0FFD0A658FD7B646330C4" box="[1057,1120,673,697]" country="Gambia" name="Upper River" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">River</collectingRegion>
|
||
</collectingRegion>
|
||
, just below
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<location id="8EF66079FFA0FFD0A359FD1861C630A4" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA:8EF66079FFA0FFD0A359FD1861C630A4" box="[288,453,705,729]" name="Ruacana Falls" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" stateProvince="Cunene River">Ruacana Falls</location>
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</materialsCitation>
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||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A3AAFD1863E630A4" box="[467,997,705,730]" collectionCode="SAIAB" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCode="SAIAB 186053" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="paratype">
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<typeStatus id="54928800FFA0FFD0A3AAFD18624630A7" box="[467,581,706,730]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
:
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFA0FFD0A02BFD1B630330A4" box="[594,768,705,729]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 186053</specimenCode>
|
||
(specimen Ruac09)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A18AFD1B61AA3084" collectionCode="SAIAB" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCode="SAIAB 79480" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFA0FFD0A18AFD1B649030A4" box="[1011,1171,705,729]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 79480</specimenCode>
|
||
(specimen Ruac10)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A3CAFD3B632B3084" box="[435,808,737,761]" collectionCode="SAIAB" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCode="SAIAB 78790" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<specimenCode id="DB8F9ED9FFA0FFD0A3CAFD3B624E3084" box="[435,589,737,761]" collectionCode="SAIAB" country="South Africa" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34984" name="South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Other type of research institution/biorepository">SAIAB 78790</specimenCode>
|
||
(specimen Ruac17)
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||
</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A14BFD3B648C3084" accessionNumber="ZSM 38659" box="[818,1167,737,761]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="paratype">
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<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFA0FFD0A14BFD3B636E3084" box="[818,877,737,761]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
38659 (specimen Ruac07)
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</materialsCitation>
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||
,
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<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A2AAFCDB62353164" accessionNumber="ZSM 38660" box="[211,566,769,793]" collectionCode="ZSM" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Cunene River" typeStatus="paratype">
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFA0FFD0A2AAFCDB610D3164" box="[211,270,769,793]" country="Germany" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/4b7r-7sec" name="Bavarian State Collection of Zoology" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Museum">ZSM</collectionCode>
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||
38660 (specimen Ruac13)
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||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD0A2AAFC94635931F8" blockId="64.[211,1171,845,901]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
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<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A2AAFC94635431F8" country="Namibia" county="Hippo Pool Campsite" elevation="800" location="Cunene River" municipality="Ruacana Falls" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A2AAFC9461D73118" box="[211,468,845,869]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
|
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<typeStatus id="54928800FFA0FFD0A2AAFC94610A3118" box="[211,265,846,869]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFA0FFD0A30CFC9761D73118" box="[373,468,845,869]" name="Namibia" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Namibia</collectingCountry>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<location id="8EF66079FFA0FFD0A391FC97628E3118" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:038087B4FFA0FFD1A381FD9B60D736FA:8EF66079FFA0FFD0A391FC97628E3118" box="[488,653,845,869]" country="Namibia" county="Hippo Pool Campsite" municipality="Ruacana Falls" name="Cunene River" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Cunene River</location>
|
||
: just below the
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="6BF2ACD8FFA0FFD0A12BFC9463F93118" box="[850,1018,845,869]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Ruacana Falls</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="62F74E2EFFA0FFD0A673FC97614331F8" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Hippo Pool Campsite</collectingCounty>
|
||
, 17
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A31CFCB3616E3107" attach="left" box="[357,365,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">◦</superScript>
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24
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||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A3F3FCB3618D3107" attach="left" box="[394,398,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">′</superScript>
|
||
24
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A3D2FCB361B73107" attach="left" box="[427,436,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">′′</superScript>
|
||
S, 14
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A38AFCB361F83107" attach="left" box="[499,507,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">◦</superScript>
|
||
13
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A061FCB3621F3107" attach="left" box="[536,540,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">′</superScript>
|
||
01
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA0FFD0A040FCB362413107" attach="left" box="[569,578,873,890]" fontSize="7" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">′′</superScript>
|
||
E, about
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFA0FFD0A0CAFCB762F431F8" box="[691,759,877,901]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" unit="m" value="800.0">
|
||
<elevation id="0004D191FFA0FFD0A0CAFCB762F431F8" box="[691,759,877,901]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
altitude
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD0A2AAFC63642C36B2" blockId="64.[211,1172,952,1231]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A2AAFC63614431AD" box="[211,327,953,976]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="3B413CFFFFA0FFD0A337FC63642C36B2" collectionCode="SLS, PAL, BD" latitude="0.215" longLatPrecision="78" longitude="-0.256" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" specimenCount="1">
|
||
Eye diameter defined by orbital rims, OD, mean 0.294 (range
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A2AAFC026113318D" box="[211,272,984,1008]" degrees="0.259" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="0.259">0.259</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A369FC026158318D" box="[272,347,984,1008]" degrees="0.329" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="-0.329">–0.329</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) of HL, head length; number of scales in lateral line row,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFA0FFD0A19BFC026410318D" box="[994,1043,984,1008]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">SLS</collectionCode>
|
||
, median 40 (range 38–42); length of snout to posterior orbital rim of eye, LSo, mean 0.485 (range 0.47–0.514) of HL, head length; length of snout to centre of eye, LSc, mean 0.37 (range
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A2AAFBE26112362D" box="[211,273,1080,1104]" degrees="0.352" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="0.352">0.352</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A368FBE26158362D" box="[273,347,1080,1104]" degrees="0.391" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="-0.391">–0.391</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) of HL; head length, HL, mean 0.258 (range 0.25–0.277) of SL; preanal length,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFA0FFD0A353FB826162360D" box="[298,353,1112,1136]" country="Italy" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15292" name="Herbarium Mediterraneum Panormitanum" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" type="Herbarium">PAL</collectionCode>
|
||
, mean 0.611 (range 0.59–0.628) of SL; anal fin length, LA, mean 0.234 (range
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A35DFBA2616336ED" box="[292,352,1144,1168]" degrees="0.215" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="0.215">0.215</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE1D5065FFA0FFD0A319FBA261A836ED" box="[352,427,1144,1168]" degrees="0.256" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241" precision="55" value="-0.256">–0.256</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) of SL; number of dorsal fin rays, nD, median 23 (range 20–24); body depth,
|
||
<collectionCode id="ED38AE67FFA0FFD0A31AFB42618F36D2" box="[355,396,1176,1199]" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">BD</collectionCode>
|
||
, mean 0.312 (range (0.283–0.34) of SL; distance between the pair of nares of one side, Na, mean 27.9 (range 24.3–31.1) times in HL, head length.
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA0FFD1A2AAFADE64293302" blockId="64.[211,1172,1283,1690]" lastBlockId="65.[143,1104,167,383]" lastPageId="65" lastPageNumber="2242" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A2AAFADE61593766" box="[211,346,1284,1307]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Description.</emphasis>
|
||
Body oval shape (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFA0FFD0A042FAD962A73766" box="[571,676,1283,1307]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="5.[143,210,1254,1276]" captionText="Figure 2(A–D). Photographs of members of southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species studied (numbers refer to localities given in Figures 1, 6 and 9). (1) P. catostoma (Günther, 1866), Lectotype, BMNH 1863.10.12.4, right side, SL 4.7 cm. (2) P. stuhlmanni Boulenger, 1909, holotype, BMNH 1907.12.3.1, SL 7.9 cm. (3) P. wesselsi Kramer and Van der Bank, 2000, right side, SL 9.7 cm, SAIAB 85922 (R1). (7) P. longicapitis sp. nov., SMF 28265 (R1), SL 9 cm. (9) P. okavangensis sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 030046, right side, SL 6.1 cm. (10) P. catostoma tanensis Whitehead and Greenwood, 1959, holotype, BMNH 1963.11.29.1, right side, SL 6.7 cm. (10a) P. tanensis, field no. Ta05na, SL 8.7 cm, SAIAB 85907. (12) P. longianalis sp. nov., holotype, SL 8.2 cm, right side, SAIAB 76758. (21) P. petersi sp. nov., holotype, SAIAB 060846, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (23) P. magnoculis sp. nov., SL 8.9 cm, ZSM 38659. (24) P. haullevillii Boulenger, 1912, BMNH 1912.4.1.186–188 (R1), right side, SL 5.7 cm. (25) P. steindachneri Fowler 1958, syntype, NMW 55118:3, right side, SL 6.4 cm. (26) P. stuhlmanni congicus David and Poll, 1937, syntype, MRAC 30807-30808, SL 7.8 cm. (27) P. degeni Boulenger, 1906, BMNH 1906.5.30.84, right side, SL 8.12 cm. (28) P. catostoma, SAIAB 73894 (R1), right side, SL 6.4 cm. (31) P. magnitrunci sp. nov., SL 8.5 cm, SAIAB 67069 (R5, right side), see map Figure 6. Scale bar, 1 cm." pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
, no. 23). Head with rounded nose, small ventrally positioned subterminal mouth, situated ventral to the eye; head and body dorsolaterally compressed. Dorsal fin (a) origin situated about two-thirds of standard length from snout, (b) obliquely orientated, anteriorly higher and posteriorly lower, (c) distal margin crescentic with anterior two or three rays longer than posterior rays, and (d) number of rays 20 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A071FA7E621637C6" box="[520,533,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), 21 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A0FEFA7E629737C6" box="[647,660,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 0), 22 (n = 2), 23 (n = 2), 24 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A67EFA7E641737C6" box="[1031,1044,1444,1467]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4). Anal fin (a) longer than dorsal fin, (b) opposite dorsal fin with slightly more anterior origin, (c) obliquely orientated, anteriorly lower and posteriorly higher, (d) anterior 10 or so rays longer than posterior ones, especially in males where they also appear stronger, (e) margin broadly rounded, (f) rays posterior to first 10 with distal margin straight, (g) number of rays 26 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A3AAF99961E33427" box="[467,480,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), 27 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A028F999625D3427" box="[593,606,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 0), 28 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A0B7F99962D83427" box="[718,731,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2), 29 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A135F999635A3427" box="[844,857,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2), 30 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A1B0F99963D53427" box="[969,982,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 3), 31 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA0FFD0A63EF99964573427" box="[1095,1108,1603,1626]" italics="true" pageId="64" pageNumber="2241">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Forked tail fin with rounded lobes. Scales cycloid with reticulate striae, scales extending anteriorly to operculum and pectoral fins (beyond pelvics). Scales in lateral series, 38 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2C2FF7260CB32C2" box="[187,200,168,191]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), 39 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A338FF72614D32C2" box="[321,334,168,191]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), 40 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A3BEFF7261D732C2" box="[455,468,168,191]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2), 42 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A034FF72625932C2" box="[589,602,168,191]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Scales on caudal peduncle circumference, 11 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A281FF12610632A2" box="[248,261,200,223]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1), 12 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A30EFF12618732A2" box="[375,388,200,223]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7), 13 (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A38CFF12620132A2" box="[501,514,200,223]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 1). Caudal peduncle slender, subcylindrical entire length, usually 19.9% (18.4–21.8%) of SL (
|
||
<tableCitation id="C6AB0319FFA1FFD1A014FF3D62C33282" box="[621,704,231,255]" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="18.[58,113,442,464]" captionText="Table 1. Morphometrics of the southern and eastern African Petrocephalus species." pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
). Electric organ discharge a triphasic pulse with strong head-positive phase P1 followed by head-negative main phase N, and head-positive P2 phase of 30% amplitude re: P1 phase (
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFA1FFD1A150FEFD639A3342" box="[809,921,295,319]" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="43.[143,210,932,954]" captionTargetBox="[153,1096,175,895]" captionTargetId="graphics-5@43.[570,1092,439,864]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Figure 10. Differentiation within Petrocephalus wesselsi of different South African origins, studied using Principal Component (PCA) and Discriminant (DA) Analyses, as compared with another species (P. longicapitis sp. nov., Namibia, Upper Zambezi). Circles in DA, 95% confidence circles to contain true mean of group. (A) PCA and (B) DA on correlations among anatomical characters. (C) PCA and (D) DA same as (A) and (B), respectively, but for analyses on characters of Electric Organ Discharges (EODs). Green M symbols, specimens from Mokolo (Mogol) River (n = 48; 43, i.e. 48 for anatomy and 43 for EOD); blue-green N symbols, Nwanedzi River (n = 9; 0); orange B symbols, Blyde River (n = 5; 5); red S symbols, Sabie River (n = 44; 39); blue Z symbols, P. longicapitis sp. nov. from the Upper Zambezi (type locality Katima Mulilo; n = 38; 42); bluer shade of blue-green coloured U symbols, specimens from Mbuluzi River, Swaziland (n = 4; 0). Excluded from DA but shown on DA graphs: lilac G symbols, Groot Letaba River (n = 2; 2); sand-coloured L symbols, Lepalala River (n = 2;1); redder shade of lilac P symbol, Pongola River (n = 1; 1). The 15 anatomical characters included in the anatomical analyses were: PDL/SL, PAL/SL, LD/SL, LA/SL, pD/SL, CPL/SL, CPD/CPL, LSc/HL, LSo/HL, HL/Na, HL/SL, BD/SL, nD, nA, SPc. The characters used in the EOD analyses were: Namp, P2amp, P1dur, Ndur, P2dur, P1Nsep, P1P2sep, NP2sep, P1area, Narea, P2 area." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4590852" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4590852/files/figure.png" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Figure 10</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pulse duration mean 443 (394–536) µs (
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A3E6FE9261AF3322" box="[415,428,328,351]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 4); 25
|
||
<superScript id="7C5C9BEAFFA1FFD1A069FE99621B3329" attach="right" box="[528,536,323,340]" fontSize="7" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">◦</superScript>
|
||
C, 2% threshold criterion). Males with kink in anal fin base which is absent in juveniles and females where the anal fin base is straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FE726102339C" blockId="65.[143,1103,424,481]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FE72618833BD" box="[143,395,424,448]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Colour in preservation.</emphasis>
|
||
Light beige, back darker and grey, but brown where mormyrid skin gone.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FDD063EC305C" blockId="65.[143,1007,522,546]" box="[143,1007,522,546]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FDD06125305F" box="[143,294,522,546]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Colour in life.</emphasis>
|
||
Grey-silver, underside lighter, paired fins light and transparent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FD91633B313F" blockId="65.[143,1104,587,834]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FD9160ED301E" box="[143,238,587,611]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Ecology.</emphasis>
|
||
The
|
||
<collectingRegion id="49EDF840FFA1FFD1A350FD91617C301E" box="[297,383,587,611]" country="Angola" name="Cunene" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Cunene</collectingRegion>
|
||
River is dammed for hydroelectric power generation just above Ruacana Falls in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="F33E7632FFA1FFD1A322FDB161B130FE" box="[347,434,619,643]" name="Angola" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Angola</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Even in the dry season when the Falls proper were completely dry the water level just below the Falls was regulated rather high, and the current rather strong. Dicotyledonous trees, extensive reed beds and semiaquatic bushes dominated the river banks. River banks were rocky or sandy, depending on whether they were on the inside or outside bank. Crocodiles were seen, and hippopotamus are reported for the area but were not seen. At
|
||
<quantity id="4CD19B47FFA1FFD1A090FCD06333315F" box="[745,816,778,802]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</quantity>
|
||
sea level marked diurnal temperature differences with chilling nights. Online
|
||
<figureCitation id="13122A27FFA1FFD1A0AAFCF06337313F" box="[723,820,810,834]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="42.[211,278,873,895]" captionText="Figure 9. As Figure 1, but area of Petrocephalus wesselsi is shown at better resolution. (3) Incomati System: Sabie River. (4) Groot Letaba River (5) Blyde River, (36) Lepalala River, (37) Mokolo River, (38) Nwanedzi River, all Limpopo System. (6) Pongola River. (22) Swaziland: Mbuluzi River." pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Figure 9</figureCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FCB6625B31B9" blockId="65.[143,1104,876,964]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FCB6611F31F9" box="[143,284,876,900]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Presently known only from just below the Ruacana Falls; downstream limit perhaps at Epupa Falls. Nothing is known about whether
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFA1FFD1A125FC5763F031D9" authority="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[860,1011,908,932]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnoculis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A125FC5763F031D9" box="[860,1011,908,932]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">P. magnoculis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFA1FFD1A182FC57645331D9" box="[1019,1104,909,932]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
is also found upstream of Ruacana Falls.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FC37639D367B" blockId="65.[143,926,1005,1030]" box="[143,926,1005,1030]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FC37610E3678" box="[143,269,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
Species name derived from
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A031FC34629F3678" box="[584,668,1006,1029]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">magnus</emphasis>
|
||
, great, and
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A158FC3763653678" box="[801,870,1005,1029]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">oculus</emphasis>
|
||
, eye.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8B9636A2FFA1FFD1A2F6FBF560D736FA" blockId="65.[143,1104,1071,1159]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A2F6FBF560FA363A" box="[143,249,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4C294D21FFA1FFD1A358FBEA61BA363A" authority="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink, 2012" authorityName="Kramer & Bills & Skelton & Wink" authorityYear="2012" box="[289,441,1071,1095]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Mormyridae" genus="Petrocephalus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Osteoglossiformes" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="magnoculis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B95DEAB0FFA1FFD1A358FBEA61BA363A" box="[289,441,1071,1095]" italics="true" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242">P. magnoculis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57CBFFA1FFD1A3B8FBF5621A363B" box="[449,537,1071,1094]" pageId="65" pageNumber="2242" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, Eye diameter and SLS are in the top range compared with the other species, also LSo, LSc, HL and PAL, whereas LA is in the lower range.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |