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<document id="E983D05E7BD84351AD33300925A420F1" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.12996779" ID-Zenodo-Dep="12996779" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="luisschmitz" IM.tables_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1721870935690" checkinUser="luisschmitz" docAuthor="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags" docDate="2006" docId="0380878FFFADFF84FF5EFB5DC1FDFB7E" docLanguage="en" docName="Denisia.19.275-398.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Denisia 19" docTitle="Scutelleridae Leach 1815" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="300" masterDocId="FFB9FFF7FFBFFF9DFFC4FF8CC239FFED" masterDocTitle="Jewel Bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)" masterLastPageNumber="398" masterPageNumber="275" pageNumber="293" updateTime="1725646846613" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="F588F9E6529F999FBA5BFA8799296C85" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="BAFC84402DABDF3131ADEF937DBC0A73">
<mods:title id="83A59A583B532E38DEC5ED649480151D">Jewel Bugs of Australia (Insecta, Heteroptera, Scutelleridae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A39C7CDBAB4FA3A0197CDE74FD1CEB30" type="personal">
<mods:role id="316EABF5C89D99AB25EC04DAEAD0F1C4">
<mods:roleTerm id="0EF9010F64B9E35A2E28FD96530C9357">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CB84A3D9A582146B243F82DC29E21C0D">Gerry Cassis</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B5D217365F51B5394D8019881D12DB16" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CB31D3F705143CCBB20D633762A46042">
<mods:roleTerm id="0ECF086EE08FCED52E2AC3CB1C3CC3FC">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="3ACE1D31B502067A6CEA66440497A74A">Loren Vanags</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="AADE90BF26D08A19A614723098F40094">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="D65C94BD42F8BF7093717032B441D938" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="AE3D990C4971BAD0B3CE71479E56D738">
<mods:title id="B93E99EA6DBA6F519C6F89E0E5A5CD95">Denisia</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="D72697DE9932391BCBC096E7F60A950E">
<mods:date id="2A11192D5B0816472A6F105043C01E5E">2006</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C314F60019D845EB2A50E1C80D9D063E" type="volume">
<mods:number id="55ACF98F4B44904D3CABDFA62E08F2B0">19</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="63C113EFEE1A2E5E2BDD732F2E69A863" unit="page">
<mods:start id="0A48F15FC3DE21EABE6186C6D4EF1634">275</mods:start>
<mods:end id="D4B4CD21CEC8D321EBAE8FB1B0F68C21">398</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="C3C53F4A6982F36BD58DD079BE6AF22D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="027B961BE641F8B4AAB9940A14E61AFE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.12996779</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="9A1704B70308FF8592052F31BB7E3D4D" type="Zenodo-Dep">12996779</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="0380878FFFADFF84FF5EFB5DC1FDFB7E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:0380878FFFADFF84FF5EFB5DC1FDFB7E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/0380878FFFADFF84FF5EFB5DC1FDFB7E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFADFF8FFF5EFB5DC345FB04" box="[154,380,1233,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFADFF8FFF5EFB5DC345FB04" blockId="18.[154,588,110,1917]" box="[154,380,1233,1257]" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
Family
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFF2EFB5DC345FB04" ID-CoL="G5X" authority="Leach 1815" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[234,380,1233,1257]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFADFF8FFF5EFB76C009F949" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFADFF8FFF5EFB76C009F949" blockId="18.[154,588,110,1917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
Scutellerida
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFED1FB76C3FDFAE2" author="LEACH W. E." box="[277,452,1274,1295]" journalOrPublisher="John Murray Baldwin &amp; Cradocle, Edinburgh" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="123" refId="ref86335" refString="LEACH W. E. (1815): Hemiptera. - In: Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Vol. 9. John Murray Baldwin &amp; Cradocle, Edinburgh: 123." title="Hemiptera" type="journal volume" volumeTitle="Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopedia. Vol. 9" year="1815">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFED1FB76C376FAE3" baselines="1290,1290" box="[277,335,1274,1295]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Leach" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">LEACH</smallCapsWord>
1815: 123
</bibRefCitation>
(suprageneric group) Scutelleroides:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFEE6FAB5C388FAA3" author="DALLAS W. S." box="[290,433,1337,1358]" journalOrPublisher="British Museum, London" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 368" refId="ref83529" refString="DALLAS W. S. (1851): List of specimens of Hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. - British Museum, London: 1 - 368, pls I- XI." title="List of specimens of Hemipterous insects in the collection of the British Museum" type="book" year="1851">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEE6FAB5C35FFAA1" baselines="1353,1352" box="[290,358,1337,1358]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Dallas" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">DALLAS</smallCapsWord>
1851: 3
</bibRefCitation>
(superfamily; infrafamilial classification)
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFF5EFAFBC32FFA61" baseAuthorityName="DAI &amp; ZHENG" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[154,278,1399,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
, Scutellerina:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFE51FAFBC02CFA61" author="STAL C." box="[405,533,1399,1420]" journalOrPublisher="Akad. Forh." pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="31 - 40" part="29" refId="ref89017" refString="STAL C. (1872): Genera Pentatomidarum Europae disposuit. Ofvers. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. - Akad. Forh. 29: 31 - 40." title="Genera Pentatomidarum Europae disposuit. Ofvers. Kongl. Svenska Vetensk" type="journal article" year="1872">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFE51FAFBC3FBFA66" baselines="1415,1415" box="[405,450,1399,1420]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Stal" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">STÅL</smallCapsWord>
1872: 32
</bibRefCitation>
(classification);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFF3BFA1AC34DFA46" author="STAL C." box="[255,372,1430,1451]" journalOrPublisher="Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. - Akad. Handl." pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 163" part="11" refId="ref89047" refString="STAL C. (1873): Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver aller hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systrmatiska meddelanden. 3. - Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. - Akad. Handl. 11 (2): 1 - 163." title="Enumeratio Hemipterorum. Bidrag till en forteckning ofver aller hittills kanda Hemiptera, jemte systrmatiska meddelanden. 3." type="journal article" year="1873">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF3BFA1AC315FA47" baselines="1446,1446" box="[255,300,1430,1451]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Stal" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">STÅL</smallCapsWord>
1873: 3
</bibRefCitation>
(classification)
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFF5EFA39C32FFA27" baseAuthorityName="DAI &amp; ZHENG" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[154,278,1461,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFEE7FA39C3AFFA27" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[291,406,1461,1482]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
(sic):
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFE11FA39C30DFA04" author="LETHIERRY L. &amp; G. SEVERIN" journalOrPublisher="F Hayez, Bruxelles" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 286" refId="ref86627" refString="LETHIERRY L. &amp; G. SEVERIN (1893): Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres Pentatomidae. - F Hayez, Bruxelles: xi + 1 - 286." title="Catalogue General des Hemipteres. Tome I. Heteropteres Pentatomidae" type="book chapter" year="1893">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFE11FA39C016FA25" baselines="1477,1476" box="[469,559,1461,1482]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Lethierry" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">LETHIERRY</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF5EFA58C2D8FA0A" baselines="1508,1507" box="[154,225,1492,1513]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Severin" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">SEVERIN</smallCapsWord>
1893: 15
</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue)
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFF5EFA7FC32FF9E5" baseAuthorityName="DAI &amp; ZHENG" baseAuthorityYear="2004" box="[154,278,1523,1544]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
, Scutellerinae:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFE64FA7FC29CF9CA" author="SCHOUTEDEN H." bookContentInfo="5 pls." journalOrPublisher="Genera Insectorum" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 98" part="24" refId="ref87964" refString="SCHOUTEDEN H. (1904): Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae. - Genera Insectorum 24: 1 - 98, 5 pls." title="Heteroptera. Fam. Pentatomidae. Subfam. Scutellerinae" type="book chapter" year="1904">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFE64FA7FC02AF9EB" baselines="1539,1538" box="[416,531,1523,1544]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Schouteden" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">SCHOUTEDEN</smallCapsWord>
1904: 1
</bibRefCitation>
(monograph);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFEEEF99EC3E5F9CA" author="KIRKALDY G. W." box="[298,476,1554,1575]" journalOrPublisher="Felix Dames, Berlin" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 392" refId="ref86002" refString="KIRKALDY G. W. (1909): Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. 1. Cimicidae. - Felix Dames, Berlin: xl, 1 - 392." title="Catalogue of the Hemiptera (Heteroptera) Vol. 1. Cimicidae" type="book chapter" year="1909">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEEEF99EC3B9F9C8" baselines="1570,1569" box="[298,384,1554,1575]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Kirkaldy" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">KIRKALDY</smallCapsWord>
1909: 263
</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFF5EF9BDC303F9AB" author="LESTON D." box="[154,314,1585,1606]" journalOrPublisher="Publ. Cult. Ca. Diamante Angola" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="9 - 26" part="16" refId="ref86505" refString="LESTON D. (1952 d): Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera): VIII. Scutelleridae LEACH of Angola, with remarks upon the male genitalia and classification of the subfamily. - Publ. Cult. Ca. Diamante Angola 16: 9 - 26." title="Notes on the Ethiopian Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera): VIII. Scutelleridae LEACH of Angola, with remarks upon the male genitalia and classification of the subfamily" type="journal article" year="1952">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF5EF9BDC2E5F9A9" baselines="1601,1600" box="[154,220,1585,1606]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Leston" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">LESTON</smallCapsWord>
1952d: 13
</bibRefCitation>
(subfamily)
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFADFF8FFF5EF9DCC329F988" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[154,272,1616,1637]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
:
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFEDAF9DCC3DFF988" author="MCDONALD F. J. D." box="[286,486,1616,1637]" journalOrPublisher="Quaest. Entomol." pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="7 - 150" part="2" refId="ref87143" refString="MCDONALD F. J. D. (1966): The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera). - Quaest. Entomol. 2: 7 - 150." title="The genitalia of North American Pentatomoidea (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)" type="journal article" year="1966">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEDAF9DCC304F98E" baselines="1632,1631" box="[286,317,1616,1637]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Mc" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEF9F9DCC3BEF98E" baselines="1632,1631" box="[317,391,1616,1637]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Donald" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">MCDONALD</smallCapsWord>
</smallCapsWord>
1966: 67
</bibRefCitation>
, 68 (genitalia);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFF1DF9E3C036F969" author="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS" box="[217,527,1647,1668]" journalOrPublisher="Aust. J. Zool." pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="537 - 572" part="32" refId="ref87212" refString="MCDONALD F. J. D. &amp; G. CASSIS (1984): Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera). - Aust. J. Zool. 32: 537 - 572." title="Revision of the Australian Scutelleridae LEACH (Hemiptera)" type="journal article" year="1984">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF1DF9E3C2C0F96E" baselines="1663,1663" box="[217,249,1647,1668]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Mc" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF3CF9E3C37AF96E" baselines="1663,1663" box="[248,323,1647,1668]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Donald" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">MCDONALD</smallCapsWord>
</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEAEF9E3C39EF96E" baselines="1663,1663" box="[362,423,1647,1668]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Cassis" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">CASSIS</smallCapsWord>
1984: 550
</bibRefCitation>
(revision);
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFADFF8FFF16F903C3FFF949" author="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS" box="[210,454,1679,1700]" editor="HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD" journalOrPublisher="CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" pagination="1 - 732" refId="ref83117" refString="CASSIS G. &amp; G. F. GROSS (2002): Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha). - In: HOUSTON W. W. K. &amp; G. V. MAYNARD (Eds), Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B. CSIRO Publishing, Melbourne: xiv + 1 - 732." title="Hemiptera: Heteroptera (Pentatomomorpha)" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Vol. 27.3 B" year="2002">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFF16F903C336F94F" baselines="1695,1694" box="[210,271,1679,1700]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Cassis" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">CASSIS</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFADFF8FFEE9F903C351F94F" baselines="1695,1694" box="[301,360,1679,1700]" lowerCaseFontSize="6" mainFontSize="9" normCase="title" normString="Gross" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">GROSS</smallCapsWord>
2002: 580
</bibRefCitation>
(catalogue)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFADFF8FFF04F932C627FBC6" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFADFF8FFF04F932C627FBC6" blockId="18.[154,588,110,1917]" lastBlockId="18.[623,1056,110,1917]" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
Diagnosis: Scutellerids are recognised by the following combination of characters: body moderately to strongly biconvex (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFF5EF8AFC2E8F8D7" box="[154,209,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
); apices of jugae and anterior edge of clypeus subequal in length (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFE1AF8C8C01AF8B6" box="[478,547,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFDEAF8C8C07EF8B6" box="[558,583,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">7a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFF5EF8EAC286F890" box="[154,191,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">20a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFF0BF8EAC2CFF890" box="[207,246,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">46a</figureCitation>
); bucculae flattened, sub-parallel (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD6CFFE2C0D6FF68" box="[680,751,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 7c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD3FFFE2C118FF68" box="[763,801,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">25b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCE9FFE2C16DFF68" box="[813,852,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">46c</figureCitation>
); antennae four-segmented, AII divided, distal segments often flattened; labium four-segmented, most often reaching between metacoxae and abdominal SIV; pronotum trapeziform, with anterolateral and posterolateral margins (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD63FEBAC0D8FEA0" box="[679,737,310,333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD29FEBAC13EFEA0" box="[749,775,310,333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCD6FEBAC115FEA0" box="[786,812,310,333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCFCFEBAC14EFEA0" box="[824,887,310,333]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">45a, b</figureCitation>
), or rounded lateral margins (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD3AFEDBC175FE83" box="[766,844,343,366]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 16</figureCitation>
a-c); callosite region weakly demarcated; scutellum enlarged, covering most of abdomen and wings, with exocorium and clavus minimally exposed proximally (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCE0FE51C15DFE19" box="[804,868,477,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCB2FE51C1A9FE19" box="[886,912,477,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">16</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC66FE51C185FE19" box="[930,956,477,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">19</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC0AFE51C62AFE19" box="[974,1043,477,500]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">45a, b</figureCitation>
); forewing membrane sometimes exposed beyond tip of abdomen (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCB1FDACC180FDDA" box="[885,953,544,567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 19</figureCitation>
a-d); frena reduced or absent; hemelytral membrane with 10 or more longitudinal veins; external efferent system of metathoracic glands present (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD1CFD29C11DFD51" box="[728,804,677,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCF0FD29C160FD51" box="[820,857,677,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">17c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCADFD29C1A9FD51" box="[873,912,677,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC5BFD29C1FEFD51" box="[927,967,677,700]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">46d</figureCitation>
); ostiole placed anteriorly on metepisternum; evaporative areas present on metepisternum, and most often on mesepimeron (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC15FC85C622FCCD" box="[977,1051,777,800]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFDABFCA7C0ACFCAF" box="[623,661,811,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">12d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD65FCA7C0F1FCAF" box="[673,712,811,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD10FCA7C0C5FCAF" box="[724,764,811,834]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">31d</figureCitation>
); parameres with a columnar stem, and usually with a hook-shaped crown (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD6DFCE1C0C8FC69" box="[681,753,877,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 5b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD3AFCE1C11CFC69" box="[766,805,877,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">22b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCF5FCE1C160FC69" box="[817,857,877,900]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">47b</figureCitation>
); aedeagus most often with an ejaculatory apparatus (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC3EFC03C09AFC2A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD75FC3CC0C8FC2A" box="[689,753,944,967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD3BFC3CC179FC2A" box="[767,832,944,967]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">30c, d</figureCitation>
); first and second gonapophyses membraneous; spermathecal reservoir without a sclerotized rod; and, spermathecal bulb round without processes.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFADFF88FD50FBC9C155FE5B" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="18" pageNumber="293" type="description">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFADFF88FD50FBC9C155FE5B" blockId="18.[623,1056,110,1917]" lastBlockId="21.[532,966,112,1920]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="296" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">
Description: Body elongate to elongate-ovoid; moderately to strongly biconvex, sometimes dorsum more rounded than venter; mostly large species, between 8-20 mm, smallest species &lt;4 mm, largest species&gt; 20 mm; body either dull brown to black in colouration (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCF5FA81C148FAC9" box="[817,881,1293,1316]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a-e), or brightly coloured, with iridescent hue and often with contrasting markings (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCBDFADCC182FA8A" box="[889,955,1360,1383]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 19</figureCitation>
a-d, 24a-f, 28a-e); body often punctate, with shallow (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD6CFA1FC0C8FA47" box="[680,753,1427,1450]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 7a</figureCitation>
), to deep punctures (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC3EFA1FC0B1FA26" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD51FA38C082FA26" box="[661,699,1460,1483]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">12a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD0CFA38C0D4FA26" box="[712,749,1460,1483]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">31a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFD3FFA38C12EFA26" box="[763,791,1460,1483]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="93.[60,96,1168,1187]" captionTargetBox="[68,964,111,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-431@93.[60,968,105,1152]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Fig. 37: Habitus of holotype of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714067/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">37</figureCitation>
), usually regularly distributed, sometimes punctures coalesced (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFDABFA7BC08AF9E3" box="[623,691,1527,1550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); body less commonly rugo-punctate on lateral aspects of pronotum and abdominal venter; body mostly with sparse distribution of simple setae, rarely with dense distribution of simple setae (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC48F9F1C1EBF979" box="[908,978,1661,1684]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
), rarely with setigerous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCD5F912C15EF958" box="[785,871,1694,1717]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 31a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFCB7F912C1A0F958" box="[883,921,1694,1717]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">38a</figureCitation>
) or scale-like setae (e.g., Figs 13c, h, i). Head: usually triangular to subtriangular (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC6EF96DC1CDF915" box="[938,1012,1761,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFBC7F96DC622F915" box="[1027,1051,1761,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">7a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFDABF88EC0AAF8F4" box="[623,659,1794,1817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">17a</figureCitation>
) sometimes suboval (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFADFF8FFC52F88EC1E3F8F4" box="[918,986,1794,1817]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="293">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
); jugae large, not exceeding the anterior edge of clypeus (e.g., Figs, 4a, 20a, 42a, 46a); lateral margins of jugae most often excavate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0FFE2C051FF68" box="[532,616,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 20a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDB2FFE2C0A4FF68" box="[630,669,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">25a</figureCitation>
), sometimes linear (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5BFFE2C000FF4B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 29a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD81FF03C054FF4B" box="[581,621,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46a</figureCitation>
), rounded (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCD0FF03C164FF4B" box="[788,861,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 7b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCADFF03C1B7FF4B" box="[873,910,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">25c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5EFF03C1F8FF4B" box="[922,961,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">38b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0FF3DC003FF25" box="[532,570,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">39b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD81FF3DC055FF25" box="[581,620,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42b</figureCitation>
) or carinate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCE6FF3DC14CFF25" box="[802,885,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 29b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC44FF3DC184FF25" box="[896,957,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31a, b</figureCitation>
) in profile; clypeus well-developed, lateral margins reaching between frons (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5BFF78C014FEC0" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDF2FE9AC076FEC0" box="[566,591,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD9DFE9AC04BFEC0" box="[601,626,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDB8FE9AC098FEC0" box="[636,673,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31a</figureCitation>
) and anterior aspect of vertex (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD8FFEB4C0A2FEA2" box="[587,667,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 25a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD61FEB4C0F3FEA2" box="[677,714,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">38a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD10FEB4C0C2FEA2" box="[724,763,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42a</figureCitation>
); vertex weakly convex; lorae triangular, not visible from above, with strongly demarcated margins; bucculae large, narrow, subparallel, usually reaching near base of head (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD3FFE32C106FE38" box="[763,831,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC8DFE32C15BFE38" box="[841,866,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCA9FE32C1ABFE38" box="[877,914,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">20c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC58FE32C1F8FE38" box="[924,961,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0FE6CC002FE1A" box="[532,571,480,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46c</figureCitation>
); gula short, convex. Eyes: contiguous with pronotum (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD20FD8EC124FDF4" box="[740,797,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCECFD8EC17BFDF4" box="[808,834,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC88FD8EC1B3FDF4" box="[844,906,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">45a, b</figureCitation>
); usually moderately sized,
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFACFF8EFD35FDA8C0C7FDD6" bold="true" box="[753,766,548,571]" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">≥</emphasis>
1/3 of head length, sometimes large, about 1/2 head length (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5BFDC9C005FD93" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); pair of ocelli, removed from posterior margin of head (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD21FD04C127FD72" box="[741,798,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCEDFD04C17AFD72" box="[809,835,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">24</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC8AFD04C153FD72" box="[846,874,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">45</figureCitation>
). Antennae: inserted anteriad of ventral margin of eyes (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD44FD40C0F3FD0E" box="[640,714,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 7b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD13FD40C0CBFD0E" box="[727,754,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD3BFD40C11FFD0E" box="[767,806,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">20b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCF7FD40C160FD0E" box="[819,857,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">29b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCA2FD40C1B4FD0E" box="[870,909,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5EFD40C1F8FD0E" box="[922,961,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">38b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0FD61C003FCE9" box="[532,570,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">39b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD81FD61C054FCE9" box="[581,621,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46b</figureCitation>
); four-segmented, AII divided, relatively short; segments linear, cylindrical, AII(b)-AIV often flattened; AII rarely arcuate; AI short, sometimes AII(a) and AII(b) shortest segment; AIV often longest segment. Labium: usually reaching between apices of mesocoxae to abdominal SIV, rarely longer; LI reaching posterior margin of head; LII usually longest segment; LII sometimes laterally bicompressed; LIII-LIV sometimes dorsoventrally flattened. Pronotum: large, trapeziform; anterior margin weakly (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD57FB0DC0E1FB75" box="[659,728,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD25FB0DC0C3FB75" box="[737,762,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7a</figureCitation>
) to strongly concave (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD94FB2FC0A3FB57" box="[592,666,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 9a</figureCitation>
); anterolateral margins elongate, weakly (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD0FFB49C124FB31" box="[715,797,1221,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 16a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCE3FB49C177FB31" box="[807,846,1221,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">25b</figureCitation>
) to strongly divergent (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD72FB6AC0C7FB10" box="[694,766,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 9a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCC8FB6AC11AFB10" box="[780,803,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">19</figureCitation>
a-d, 45a,b, 46a) posteriorly, anterolateral margins usually linear (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD4AFAA6C0FFFAAC" box="[654,710,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a-e, 19a-d), rarely weakly convex (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD5CFAC7C12FFA8F" box="[664,790,1355,1378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 24c, d, e</figureCitation>
) or concave (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0FAE1C05EFA69" box="[532,615,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 28b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDB5FAE1C089FA69" box="[625,688,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">45a, b</figureCitation>
), carinate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC96FAE1C19AFA69" box="[850,931,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
) or rounded in profile; posterolateral margins short, most often weakly convex; posterior margin usually rectilinear (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC88FA5EC1A8FA04" box="[844,913,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC58FA5EC01BF9E6" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">16a, b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDF5FA78C071F9E6" box="[561,584,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">19</figureCitation>
a-d, 24a-f), rarely rounded (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC5BFA78C026F9C1" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
c-e), if so covering anterior margin of scutellum, rarely weakly excavate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC65F9BBC002F99D" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 28a</figureCitation>
); callosite region with sublateral triangular markings, most often not strongly demarcated, co-planar with pronotal disc (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFDD0F932C06DF938" box="[532,596,1726,1749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a-e), rarely with transverse furrow (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFD90F953C09BF91B" box="[596,674,1759,1782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 28</figureCitation>
c-e). Scutellum: greatly enlarged, shield-like, U-shaped, covering most of hemelytra and abdomen (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFCA2F8AFC199F8D7" box="[870,928,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a-e, 16a, b, 19a-d, 24a-f, 28a-e, 45a, b), exocorium always partly exposed, base of clavus sometimes exposed, tip of hemelytral membrane sometimes visible beyond scutellum at rest (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB8FFF3DC6B6FF25" box="[1099,1167,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 19</figureCitation>
a-d, 28a); strongly convex, often strongly declivent posteriorly, beyond midpoint; anterior margin sometimes with sublateral foveae (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB0AFE9AC719FEC0" box="[1230,1312,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 24a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAEFFE9AC76BFEC0" box="[1323,1362,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">28a</figureCitation>
); lateral margins weakly to strongly rounded, sometimes strongly divergent posteriorly; tip rounded, rarely truncate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB2BFEF7C77EFE7F" box="[1263,1351,379,402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
). Frena: greatly reduced to absent. Hemelytra: membrane with ten (e.g.
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB75FE32C739FE38" box="[1201,1280,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 24c</figureCitation>
) or more longitudinal veins. Thoracic pleura: anterior margin of proepisternum weakly (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAB0FD8EC638FDD7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBCAFDAFC61EFDD7" box="[1038,1063,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBF0FDAFC663FDD7" box="[1076,1114,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">20c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBA2FDAFC6B5FDD7" box="[1126,1164,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31c</figureCitation>
) to strongly (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFA8EFDAFC7ABFDD7" box="[1354,1426,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 7c</figureCitation>
) explanate, sometimes excavate at eye (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFDEBC616FD93" box="[1000,1071,615,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
), sometimes entire and linear (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAB5FDEBC636FD72" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 17b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBDCFD04C607FD72" box="[1048,1086,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">39c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB83FD04C658FD72" box="[1095,1121,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46</figureCitation>
b-c); mesepimeron subrectangulate, most often with evaporative areas on posterior margin, bounding metathoracic spiracle (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBB6FD61C680FCE9" box="[1138,1209,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB00FD61C6E7FCE9" box="[1220,1246,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB2DFD61C73AFCE9" box="[1257,1283,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFACAFD61C70DFCE9" box="[1294,1332,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">12d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAFBFD61C75DFCE9" box="[1343,1380,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">17c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAABFD61C7AFFCE9" box="[1391,1430,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFC83C636FCCB" box="[1000,1039,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBE6FC83C67EFCCB" box="[1058,1095,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">38c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB9FFC83C6BAFCCB" box="[1115,1155,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42d</figureCitation>
), sometimes extending to meso-supracoxal lobe, sometimes absent (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBE4FCDEC64AFC84" box="[1056,1139,850,873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBB9FCDEC69FFC84" box="[1149,1190,850,873]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46d</figureCitation>
), posterior margin sometimes swollen (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB78FCF8C72AFC66" box="[1212,1299,884,907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 12d</figureCitation>
); metepisternum usually with well-developed external efferent system of metathoracic glands (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFC55C60BFC1D" box="[1000,1074,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB85FC55C662FC1D" box="[1089,1115,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBADFC55C6BDFC1D" box="[1129,1156,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB56FC55C681FC1D" box="[1170,1208,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">17d</figureCitation>
,) usually covering at least 1/2 of segment, rarely reduced (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFB90C605FBDE" box="[1000,1084,1052,1075]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 12d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB8DFB90C649FBDE" box="[1097,1136,1052,1075]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBB8FB90C69DFBDE" box="[1148,1188,1052,1075]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46d</figureCitation>
); ostiole small (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAB2FB90C63AFBB8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBCBFBB2C60FFBB8" box="[1039,1078,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46d</figureCitation>
) to moderately large, oriented near anterior margin of segment; peritreme very small (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB9EFB0DC6A7FB75" box="[1114,1182,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
) to greatly enlarged (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFB2FC609FB57" box="[1000,1072,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
), either linear (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAC6FB2FC775FB57" box="[1282,1356,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 7d</figureCitation>
), linear with apex anteriorly recurved (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFA81FB49C7AFFB31" box="[1349,1430,1221,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 17c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFB6AC629FB10" box="[1000,1040,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31d</figureCitation>
), subreniform (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB13FB6AC713FB10" box="[1239,1322,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAF0FB6AC762FB10" box="[1332,1371,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">39d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAA2FB6AC7B7FB10" box="[1382,1422,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42d</figureCitation>
), obovate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB8CFA84C6A5FAF2" box="[1096,1180,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 38c</figureCitation>
) or greatly enlarged and subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFBBCFAA6C6F6FAAC" box="[1144,1231,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB18FAA6C73DFAAC" box="[1244,1284,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">29d</figureCitation>
), peritreme often medially sulcate (e.g,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB2CFAC7C708FA8F" box="[1256,1329,1355,1378]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 7d</figureCitation>
); evaporative areas reduced (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB19FAE1C708FA69" box="[1245,1329,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAF9FAE1C75AFA69" box="[1341,1379,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">29d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAABFAE1C7AFFA69" box="[1391,1430,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFA03C629FA4B" box="[1000,1040,1423,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46d</figureCitation>
) to extensive (e.g,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB15FA03C720FA4B" box="[1233,1305,1423,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAE1FA03C706FA4B" box="[1317,1343,1423,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFA8EFA03C75CFA4B" box="[1354,1381,1423,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAB4FA03C7AFFA4B" box="[1392,1430,1423,1446]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">17c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFA3CC629FA2A" box="[1000,1040,1456,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31d</figureCitation>
), often extending laterally beyond tip of peritreme. Thoracic sterna: usually flat (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFC2CFA78C678F9E6" box="[1000,1089,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 12c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB97FA78C640F9E6" box="[1107,1145,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">20c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB4EFA78C689F9E6" box="[1162,1200,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">29c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB06FA78C6DEF9E6" box="[1218,1255,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">31c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB3DFA78C727F9E6" box="[1273,1310,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">39c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAF4FA78C76CF9E6" box="[1328,1365,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">42c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAA3FA78C7B7F9E6" box="[1383,1422,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46c</figureCitation>
), sometimes lateral margins strongly raised, keel-like (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB45F9BBC6F0F9A3" box="[1153,1225,1591,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB13F9BBC6C9F9A3" box="[1239,1264,1591,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">7c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB39F9BBC72FF9A3" box="[1277,1302,1591,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">9c</figureCitation>
), rarely with pro- and mesosternal keels overlapping (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAB7F9D5C63AF97C" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
). Legs: femora fusiform; tibiae terete, tarsi three-segmented. Pregenital Abdominal Venter: SII-SVII always visible (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAE3F932C74DF938" box="[1319,1396,1726,1749]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs. 21</figureCitation>
a-d, f-i), SVIII most often recessed, rarely exposed in males (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB46F88DC6ECF8F5" box="[1154,1237,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 21e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB1BF88DC73CF8F5" box="[1247,1285,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">45c</figureCitation>
), covering posterior margin of pygophore (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAC0F8AFC762F8D7" box="[1284,1371,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 29e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFAA3F8AFC7B6F8D7" box="[1383,1423,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">46e</figureCitation>
); sometimes posterolateral angles with acuminate spine (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFACFF8EFB58F8EAC728F890" box="[1180,1297,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="294">Figs 21a, b</figureCitation>
); males with sternal glands sublaterally, ranging between SIII-SVII (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEC2FF03C37BFF4B" box="[262,322,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1089,1125,1068,1087]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,106,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-433@8.[151,1527,105,1050]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2: Abdominal Sternal Glands of Scutelleridae (a-c) Coleotichus costatus (a) abdominal venter, sternal glands on SIV-SVI (b-c) higher magnification of sternal glands (d-f) Morbora schoutedeni (d) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (e) higher magnification of microsculpture medial to androconial glands (f) higher magnification of apex cuticular duct of glandular unit of androconial glands (g-i) Tectocoris diophthalmus (g) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (h) higher magnification of androconial glands on abdominal SVI (i) higher magnification of apex of cuticular ducts of glandular units of androconial glands. Abbreviations: Ag = Androconial glands; Cd = cuticular ducts; Sg = sternal glands. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713963/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 2</figureCitation>
a-i, 12e); sometimes males and females with stridulatory region on SV-SVI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF09FF5FC32DFF07" box="[205,276,211,234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 17</figureCitation>
e-f). Male Genitalia: pygophore moderate size to large, ventral surface caudally (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FECDFE9AC376FEC0" box="[265,335,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 4e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE9EFE9AC34BFEC0" box="[346,370,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">9e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEBAFE9AC39AFEC0" box="[382,419,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">12e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE6AFE9AC3EAFEC0" box="[430,467,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">31e</figureCitation>
) or ventrally oriented (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE8AFEB4C39AFEA2" box="[334,419,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 20e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE75FEB4C3EEFEA2" box="[433,471,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">29e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE21FEB4C033FEA2" box="[485,522,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">42e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDDCFEB4C079FEA2" box="[536,576,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">46e</figureCitation>
); ventral margin convex, emarginate or sublinear; genital opening moderately broad to broad, with setose regions usually on dorsal margin (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEE1FE32C343FE38" box="[293,378,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE4CFE32C396FE38" box="[392,431,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43a</figureCitation>
), and often on ventral (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEE4FE6CC34BFE1A" box="[288,370,480,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEB9FE6CC3A7FE1A" box="[381,414,480,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">46f</figureCitation>
) and lateral margins (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF3AFD8EC306FDF4" box="[254,319,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 4f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE8DFD8EC367FDF4" box="[329,350,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">7f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEACFD8EC3B8FDF4" box="[360,385,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE4EFD8EC395FDF4" box="[394,428,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">31f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE71FD8EC3E3FDF4" box="[437,474,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE21FD8EC031FDF4" box="[485,520,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">46f</figureCitation>
); parameres moderate size (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE72FDAFC036FDD7" box="[438,527,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 14b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE4FDAFC071FDD7" box="[544,584,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EFDC9C2F8FDB1" box="[154,193,581,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43b</figureCitation>
) to large (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE98FDC9C389FDB1" box="[348,432,581,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 36b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE78FDC9C3DDFDB1" box="[444,484,581,604]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47b</figureCitation>
), symmetrical, with columnar stem, and weakly (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EFD04C2C8FD72" box="[154,241,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 14b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEC5FD04C311FD72" box="[257,296,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEF3FD04C367FD72" box="[311,350,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEA9FD04C3ADFD72" box="[365,404,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE67FD04C3F3FD72" box="[419,458,648,671]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43b</figureCitation>
) to strongly hooked (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEECFD26C348FD2C" box="[296,369,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 8b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE44FD26C39FFD2C" box="[384,422,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE70FD26C3E2FD2C" box="[436,475,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">18b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE2DFD26C029FD2C" box="[489,528,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDD9FD26C07DFD2C" box="[541,580,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47b</figureCitation>
) crown, usually with apex of stem setose, and sometimes with flange (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE0AFD61C022FCE9" box="[462,539,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE9FD61C07FFCE9" box="[557,582,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EFC83C2F9FCCB" box="[154,192,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF0BFC83C2CEFCCB" box="[207,247,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36b</figureCitation>
); aedeagus with mesial U-shaped phallobase, with round capitate processes; aedeagus box-like, often heavily sclerotized; phallotheca cylindrical (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE03FCF8C029FC66" box="[455,528,884,907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDDAFCF8C07DFC66" box="[542,580,884,907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
) to subconical (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE9EFC1AC3A7FC40" box="[346,414,918,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE6DFC1AC3F7FC40" box="[425,462,918,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE1DFC1AC3C6FC40" box="[473,511,918,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c</figureCitation>
), thick, sometimes with pair of subdistal thorn-like processes (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEC0FC55C365FC1D" box="[260,348,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 40c</figureCitation>
), or areas of sclerotization (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEC6FC77C358FBFF" box="[258,353,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEA8FC77C3ABFBFF" box="[364,402,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE59FC77C3FAFBFF" box="[413,451,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
); ductus seminis proximalis narrow, membraneous, without ribbing (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE96FBB2C3A2FBB8" box="[338,411,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE6EFBB2C3FBFBB8" box="[426,450,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE15FBB2C02AFBB8" box="[465,531,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE6FBB2C07FFBB8" box="[546,582,1086,1109]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">14c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EFBECC2EEFB9A" box="[154,215,1120,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF26FBECC33EFB9A" box="[226,263,1120,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FED5FBECC30FFB9A" box="[273,310,1120,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE85FBECC35FFB9A" box="[321,358,1120,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEB4FBECC3ACFB9A" box="[368,405,1120,1143]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c</figureCitation>
) sometimes thick-er (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF78FB0DC32BFB75" box="[188,274,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 18c</figureCitation>
), rarely bounded by sclerotized process of vesica (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE97FB2FC391FB57" box="[339,424,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 30c</figureCitation>
) or ligamentary tubule (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEDBFB49C34CFB31" box="[287,373,1221,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 18c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE40FB49C3FEFB31" box="[388,455,1221,1244]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
); ejaculatory apparatus elaborate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE52FB6AC3E2FB10" box="[406,475,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE22FB6AC3C7FB10" box="[486,510,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDCDFB6AC07EFB10" box="[521,583,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EFA84C287FAF2" box="[154,190,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">14c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF0EFA84C331FAF2" box="[202,264,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FED7FA84C300FAF2" box="[275,313,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE87FA84C350FAF2" box="[323,361,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEB0FA84C3A0FAF2" box="[372,409,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE60FA84C3F2FAF2" box="[420,459,1288,1311]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c</figureCitation>
), moderately to heavily sclerotized, most often with convoluted ventral conducting canal (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE1FAC7C28BFA69" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF04FAE1C2E1FA69" box="[192,216,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF22FAE1C31FFA69" box="[230,294,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEF0FAE1C34DFA69" box="[308,372,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE45FAE1C39EFA69" box="[385,423,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE70FAE1C3E0FA69" box="[436,473,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE22FAE1C032FA69" box="[486,523,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDDCFAE1C079FA69" box="[536,576,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c</figureCitation>
), with 2-12 convolutions; ejaculatory reservoir small (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE8AFA3CC39FFA2A" box="[334,422,1456,1479]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 22c</figureCitation>
), moderate size (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF13FA5EC318FA04" box="[215,289,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEF5FA5EC370FA04" box="[305,329,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE9EFA5EC347FA04" box="[346,382,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE4BFA5EC38AFA04" box="[399,435,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">14c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE00FA5EC3D0FA04" box="[452,489,1490,1513]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c</figureCitation>
) to large (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF11FA78C313F9E6" box="[213,298,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 18c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEFCFA78C343F9E6" box="[312,378,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE4CFA78C394F9E6" box="[392,429,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE7FFA78C3D8F9E6" box="[443,481,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE2BFA78C02AF9E6" box="[495,531,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE6FA78C07EF9E6" box="[546,583,1524,1547]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EF999C2F8F9C1" box="[154,193,1557,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c</figureCitation>
), elliptoid to oval, sometimes greatly reduced and heavily sclerotized (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE20F9BBC006F9A3" box="[484,575,1591,1614]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 47c</figureCitation>
); dorsal conducting canal simple, narrow to relatively broad (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE45F9F6C3F2F97C" box="[385,459,1658,1681]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE1FF9F6C3CDF97C" box="[475,500,1658,1681]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDC0F9F6C07EF97C" box="[516,583,1658,1681]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF5EF910C2E3F95E" box="[154,218,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF23F910C334F95E" box="[231,269,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEDDF910C306F95E" box="[281,319,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE88F910C348F95E" box="[332,369,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEBAF910C39CF95E" box="[382,421,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c</figureCitation>
); ductus seminis distalis usually narrow, rarely expanded; vesica rarely membraneous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE01F953C007F91B" box="[453,574,1759,1782]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 18c, d</figureCitation>
), usually sclerotized, moderate size (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE1F88DC2F6F8D7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF1AF8AFC319F8D7" box="[222,288,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEEAF8AFC349F8D7" box="[302,368,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FEBBF8AFC3F8F8D7" box="[383,449,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
), or elongate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF17F8C8C30DF8B6" box="[211,308,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 8c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE84F8C8C346F8B6" box="[320,383,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE4FF8C8C3F3F8B6" box="[395,458,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE13F8C8C02FF8B6" box="[471,534,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDE6F8C8C291F890" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF70F8EAC2CBF890" box="[180,242,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FF3AF8EAC307F890" box="[254,318,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
), arcuate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FE1FF8EAC07EF890" box="[475,583,1894,1917]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFFE2C095FF68" box="[623,684,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD73FFE2C0CCFF68" box="[695,757,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCC4FFE2C106FF68" box="[768,831,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
), sinuate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC1CFFE2C044FF4B" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD4DFF03C084FF4B" box="[649,701,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD0DFF03C130FF4B" box="[713,777,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCD1FF03C16CFF4B" box="[789,853,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCA6FF03C19BFF4B" box="[866,930,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c, d</figureCitation>
), rarely subdistally strongly incrassate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC01FF3DC625FF25" box="[965,1052,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFF5FC0ACFF07" box="[623,661,211,234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35c</figureCitation>
), sometimes with subdistal processes (Fig, 36c, d), or with distal process above secondary gonopore (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCFAFE9AC192FEC0" box="[830,939,278,301]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
); CAI most often absent (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCE8FEB4C1B7FEA2" box="[812,910,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC5FFEB4C1F6FEA2" box="[923,975,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC18FEB4C622FEA2" box="[988,1051,312,335]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFED5C095FE9D" box="[623,684,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD72FED5C0CDFE9D" box="[694,756,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD3AFED5C121FE9D" box="[766,792,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35</figureCitation>
, d,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCF8FED5C140FE9D" box="[828,889,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC47FED5C1F8FE9D" box="[899,961,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC0FFED5C1DCFE9D" box="[971,997,345,368]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43</figureCitation>
, d), if present medially fused at base (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC68FEF7C622FE7F" box="[940,1051,379,402]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFE11C097FE59" box="[623,686,413,436]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
), or bifurcate with ventral and dorsal branches (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCC7FE32C155FE38" box="[771,876,446,469]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
); CAII sometimes undivided (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCD5FE6CC144FE1A" box="[785,893,480,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC4CFE6CC1F1FE1A" box="[904,968,480,503]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
), usually bifurcate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCC1FD8EC15DFDF4" box="[773,868,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCABFD8EC198FDF4" box="[879,929,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">8c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC69FD8EC1D2FDF4" box="[941,1003,514,537]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC32FD8EC044FDD7" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD49FDAFC0E9FDD7" box="[653,720,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD24FDAFC0C3FDD7" box="[736,762,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">35</figureCitation>
, d,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCECFDAFC152FDD7" box="[808,875,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">36c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCB8FDAFC186FDD7" box="[892,959,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC0BFDAFC62AFDD7" box="[975,1043,547,570]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
), CAII(L) often basally membraneous, rarely without lobal sclerites (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC5AFDEBC62AFD93" box="[926,1043,615,638]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 35c, d</figureCitation>
), usually with apical lobal sclerite, either short, subconical (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC9DFD26C1FFFD2C" box="[857,966,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC17FD26C62AFD2C" box="[979,1043,682,705]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">26c, d</figureCitation>
), hooked with spicules (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC43FD40C1CCFD0E" box="[903,1013,716,739]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 40c, d</figureCitation>
), or digitiform (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCD3FD61C144FCE9" box="[791,893,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 8c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC48FD61C1F7FCE9" box="[908,974,749,772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
), sometimes entirely sclerotized (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC62FC83C62AFCCB" box="[934,1043,783,806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
), sometimes spiculate, CAII(M) usually membraneous with apical lobal sclerite, either short (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCD5FCF8C14BFC66" box="[785,882,884,907]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
), triangular (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFC1AC0D8FC40" box="[623,737,918,941]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
), digitiform lobal sclerite (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFC3BC0D9FC23" box="[623,736,951,974]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 26c, d</figureCitation>
), hooked (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC40FC3BC1CCFC23" box="[900,1013,951,974]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 40c, d</figureCitation>
), or with bifid sclerotized process (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC0EFC55C044FBFF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD4EFC77C0F5FBFF" box="[650,716,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII either separated, heavily sclerotized, moderate size, arcuate (e.g.
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC3EFB90C089FBB8" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
), elongate and sclerotized (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC3EFBB2C096FB9A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
), medially fused, small (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC11FBECC044FB75" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 8c, d</figureCitation>
) or large and U-shaped (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC6AFB0DC622FB75" box="[942,1051,1153,1176]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFB2FC096FB57" box="[623,687,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD79FB2FC0C7FB57" box="[701,766,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCCFFB2FC174FB57" box="[779,845,1187,1210]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">43c, d</figureCitation>
), or antler-like (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC33FB2FC094FB31" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
), or medially fused and membraneous (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD6DFB6AC12EFB10" box="[681,791,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCE0FB6AC15CFB10" box="[804,869,1254,1277]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">47c, d</figureCitation>
), sometimes bifurcate, with dorsal and ventral branches (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABFAA6C0E9FAAC" box="[623,720,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 5c, d</figureCitation>
), rarely absent (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FCB5FAA6C1FFFAAC" box="[881,966,1322,1345]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="58.[763,799,1498,1517]" captionTargetBox="[171,1456,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@58.[151,1416,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="58" captionText="Fig. 18: Male genitalia of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714007" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714007/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 18c</figureCitation>
). Female Terminalia: either co-planar or bi-planar (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FD62FAE1C137FA69" box="[678,782,1389,1412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 33d, f</figureCitation>
); either ventrally or caudally oriented, sometimes recessed; paratergites VIII moderate size to large, subtriangular to subelliptoid, usually strongly tapered towards midline; paratergites IX small (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FDABF999C0F8F9C1" box="[623,705,1557,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Fig. 33b</figureCitation>
) to large (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFABFF89FC9AF999C1F1F9C1" box="[862,968,1557,1580]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="295">Figs 33e, f</figureCitation>
), usually ovoid and broader in middle, rarely tapered medially; gonocoxae I most often entire, rarely subdivided, usually moderate size, greater than paratergites IX, subtriangular, posterior margin rectilinear to weakly excavate, sometimes depressed medially, and often with medial margins raised; first and second gonapophyses membraneous; first and second rami usually developed. Spermatheca: proximal fecundation canal short to elongate, membraneous, sometimes strongly sclerotized basally; reservoir usually broad, oval, often ribbed, rarely weakly dilated, membraneous; distal fecundation canal usually short, rarely elongate, sometimes heavily sclerotized, usually with proximal and distal flanges, bulb small, oval, sometimes bilobed. Larvae: dull or iridescent colouration; dorsal abdominal gland openings between terga III-IV, IV-V and V-VI.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFAAFF88FDFEFE5CC196FA7B" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FDFEFE5CC196FA7B" blockId="21.[532,966,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
Diversity and distribution: The
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FCBBFE5CC06CFDE4" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutel-leridae</taxonomicName>
are composed of about 80 genera and 500 species (
<bibRefCitation id="EFB84B68FFAAFF88FD48FD9FC132FDC7" author="LATTIN J. D." box="[652,779,531,554]" journalOrPublisher="University of California, Berkeley" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" refId="ref86301" refString="LATTIN J. D. (1964): The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). - PhD Thesis. University of California, Berkeley." title="The Scutellerinae of America north of Mexico (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)" type="book" year="1964">
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFAAFF88FD48FD9FC0EDFDC7" baselines="548,550" box="[652,724,531,554]" lowerCaseFontSize="10" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Lattin" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">LATTIN</smallCapsWord>
1964
</bibRefCitation>
; Zoological Record 1965-2005). Of the scutellerid subfamilies, the nominotypical
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FD20FDDBC15DFD83" box="[740,868,599,622]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scutellerinae">Scutellerinae</taxonomicName>
are the most diverse and are primarily found in the Old World tropics, with only one genus,
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FC5BFD16C0F6FD3F" authority="BURMEISTER" authorityName="BURMEISTER" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Augocoris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FC5BFD16C068FD3E" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Au-gocoris</emphasis>
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFAAFF88FD9FFD30C0F6FD3F" baselines="717,718" box="[603,719,700,723]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Burmeister" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">BURMEISTER</smallCapsWord>
</taxonomicName>
, known from the Western Hemisphere. The
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FD2BFD52C14BFD18" box="[751,882,734,757]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachycorinae">Pachycorinae</taxonomicName>
are also diverse, with over 100 described species, including numerous undescribed taxa, and are primarily found in the Western Hemisphere, mostly in the Neotropical zoogeographic region, with a few genera also represented in the Afrotropical (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FD2DFC24C1B7FC53" authority="MAYR" authorityName="MAYR" box="[745,910,936,959]" class="Insecta" genus="Deroplax" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FD2DFC24C105FC52" box="[745,828,936,959]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Deroplax</emphasis>
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFAAFF88FC91FC24C1B7FC53" baselines="953,954" box="[853,910,936,959]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Mayr" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">MAYR</smallCapsWord>
</taxonomicName>
) or Afrotropical and Oriental regions (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FC49FC45C0E5FBED" authority="AMYOT &amp; SERVILLE" authorityName="AMYOT &amp; SERVILLE" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Hotea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FC49FC45C1FCFC0D" box="[909,965,969,992]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Hotea</emphasis>
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFAAFF88FDD0FC67C065FBEC" baselines="1020,1021" box="[532,604,1003,1026]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Amyot" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">AMYOT</smallCapsWord>
&amp;
<smallCapsWord id="8D70A045FFAAFF88FD4DFC67C0E5FBED" baselines="1020,1020" box="[649,732,1003,1026]" lowerCaseFontSize="7" mainFontSize="10" normCase="title" normString="Serville" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">SERVILLE</smallCapsWord>
</taxonomicName>
). The
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FCE9FC67C1FCFBEF" box="[813,965,1003,1026]" pageId="21" pageNumber="320" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontotarsinae">Odontotarsinae</taxonomicName>
are the next most diverse suprageneric group, and have putatively the broadest distribution of all the scutellerid subfamilies, with a near cosmopolitan distribution, although more than 80 of the species of this subfamily are found in the Palaearctic region. The
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FDBAFB5BC0D3FB03" box="[638,746,1239,1262]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elvisurinae">Elvisurinae</taxonomicName>
and the Sphaerocorinae are small subfamilies, with less than 25 species, which are found primarily in the Old World tropics. The Eurygastrinae and
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FC42FAB0C065FA99" pageId="21" pageNumber="380" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Tectocorinae">Tecto-corinae</taxonomicName>
are currently defined as monogeneric subfamilies, of the Eastern Hemisphere.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3336512FFAAFF84FDD0FA42C1FDFB7E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" type="key">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FDD0FA42C18EFA06" blockId="21.[532,966,112,1920]" box="[532,951,1486,1515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<heading id="D0DE81F5FFAAFF88FDD0FA42C18EFA06" box="[532,951,1486,1515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FDD0FA42C18EFA06" bold="true" box="[532,951,1486,1515]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
Key to Australian
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FCCDFA42C18EFA06" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[777,951,1486,1515]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Scutelleridae</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<key id="FFB861A8FFAAFF84FDD0F982C1FDFB7E" lastPageId="25" lastPageNumber="300" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFAAFF88FDD0F982C7A0FF44" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FDD0F982C1FDF946" blockId="21.[532,966,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FDD0F982C1FDF946" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
1 Lateral margins of thoracic sterna strongly sulcate with elevated keels (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FC89F9A3C1A0F9AB" box="[845,921,1583,1606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FC6CF9A3C1F8F9AB" box="[936,961,1583,1606]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">7c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FDEEF9DDC07DF985" box="[554,580,1617,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">9c</figureCitation>
); adults dull in colouration (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FC98F9DDC1AFF985" box="[860,918,1617,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 3</figureCitation>
a-e), jugal and pronotal margins entire (Figs 3a-e) (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FDAFF918C0E7F946" box="[619,734,1684,1707]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Elvisurinae">Elvisurinae</taxonomicName>
)................ 2
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FDD0F94CC7A0FF44" blockId="21.[532,966,112,1920]" lastBlockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FDD0F94CC7A0FF44" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
– Lateral margins of thoracic sterna flat, without elevated keels (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FCE9F96EC1B0F914" box="[813,905,1762,1785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 12c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FC58F96EC1F8F914" box="[924,961,1762,1785]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">20c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FDEEF888C069F8F6" box="[554,592,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">29c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FD9AF888C0BAF8F6" box="[606,643,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">31c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FD55F888C08FF8F6" box="[657,694,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">39c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FD00F888C0D0F8F6" box="[708,745,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">43c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FD33F888C127F8F6" box="[759,798,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">46c</figureCitation>
); adults brightly coloured (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FD49F8AAC0FDF8D0" box="[653,708,1830,1853]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 1</figureCitation>
a-f, 16a, b, 19a-d, 24a,c-f, 28a-e, 45a, b), or if dull in colouration (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FDF5F8E5C044F86D" box="[561,637,1897,1920]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 14</figureCitation>
a-c), jugal and pronotal margins denticulate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB44FFFCC6D3FF6A" box="[1152,1258,112,135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[1129,1165,1074,1093]" captionTargetBox="[622,1527,106,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-431@48.[619,1544,105,1218]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 11: Habitus of Morbora species (a) M. australis (b) M. hirtula (c) M. schoutedeni. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713989/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 11c,d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB3EFFFCC72AFF6A" box="[1274,1299,112,135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">12</figureCitation>
a-c), or body very small, &lt;4 mm (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB08FF1EC719FF44" box="[1228,1312,146,169]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 24b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FAEEFF1EC768FF44" box="[1322,1361,146,169]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="93.[60,96,1168,1187]" captionTargetBox="[68,964,111,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-431@93.[60,968,105,1152]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Fig. 37: Habitus of holotype of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714067/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">37b</figureCitation>
)..(6)
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFAAFF88FC2CFF32C7A0FDC2" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFF32C7A0FEB6" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFF32C7A0FEB6" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
2 Posterior margin of pronotum strongly rounded (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB9AFF53C6AFFF1B" box="[1118,1174,223,246]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
c-e); pro- and mesosternal keels overlapping (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB7AFE8DC731FEF5" box="[1214,1288,257,280]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 7c</figureCitation>
); peritreme of metathoracic glands elongate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FA80FEAEC7ABFED4" box="[1348,1426,290,313]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="32.[1275,1311,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1257,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-280@32.[150,1258,105,1410]" captionTargetPageId="32" captionText="Fig. 7: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Coleotichus costatus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713977" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713977/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 7d</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FBCDFEC8C64DFEB6" box="[1033,1140,324,347]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FBCDFEC8C64DFEB6" box="[1033,1140,324,347]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Coleotichus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)..................... 3
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFEFCC7A0FDC2" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFEFCC7A0FDC2" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
– Posterior margin of pronotum rectilinear (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FBC2FE1EC66BFE44" box="[1030,1106,402,425]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
), or weakly arcuate, rectilinear medially (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FBA0FE3FC696FE27" box="[1124,1199,435,458]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); pro- and mesosternal keels not overlapping (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB2DFE59C70DFE01" box="[1257,1332,469,492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 4c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FA86FE59C765FE01" box="[1346,1372,469,492]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">9c</figureCitation>
); peritreme of metathoracic glands short (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FAB7FE7AC620FDC2" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
) to moderate size (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB11FD94C724FDC2" box="[1237,1309,536,559]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="42.[1274,1310,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1258,106,1407]" captionTargetId="figure-263@42.[151,1258,106,1408]" captionTargetPageId="42" captionText="Fig. 9: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713983" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713983/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 9d</figureCitation>
)....... 5
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFAAFF88FC2CFDC8C7A0FBD6" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFDC8C7A0FCC9" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFDC8C7A0FCC9" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
3 Moderately sized species, males &lt;16 mm, females &lt;17.2 mm; labium reaching at most to metasternum; sub-anterolateral angles of scutellum without polished orange callus (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB44FD46C6D3FD0C" box="[1152,1258,714,737]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 3a, b</figureCitation>
), at most with a black spot; scutellum without patterned small black spots (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB77FC81C72DFCC9" box="[1203,1300,781,804]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 3c, d</figureCitation>
).........4
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFCB5C7A0FBD6" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFCB5C7A0FBD6" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
– Large species, males&gt; 20 mm, females&gt; 18 mm; labium reaching abdominal SIV, with medial regions of SII-SIV correspondingly sulcate; sub-anterolateral angles of scutellum with polished orange calli (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FBFBFC6DC6B7FC15" box="[1087,1166,993,1016]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
); scutellum with pair of black spots sublateral anterior to midpoint (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB86FBA8C6BEFBD6" box="[1090,1159,1060,1083]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3e</figureCitation>
).....
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FB13FBA8C7A0FBD6" authorityName="WALKER" authorityYear="1867" box="[1239,1433,1060,1083]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excellens">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FB13FBA8C7A0FBD6" box="[1239,1433,1060,1083]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Coleotichus excellens</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFAAFF88FC2CFBDCC7A0F923" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFBDCC7A0FA99" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFBDCC7A0FA99" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
4 Callosite region of pronotum with two black spots submedially (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB3FFBFEC77FFB64" box="[1275,1350,1138,1161]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
); lateral margins of posterior 1/2 of scutellum contrastingly fuscous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB77FB39C6C3FB21" box="[1203,1274,1205,1228]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3d</figureCitation>
); males with abdominal setose sternal glands on SIV-SVI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FBC2FB74C67CFAE2" box="[1030,1093,1272,1295]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1089,1125,1068,1087]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,106,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-433@8.[151,1527,105,1050]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2: Abdominal Sternal Glands of Scutelleridae (a-c) Coleotichus costatus (a) abdominal venter, sternal glands on SIV-SVI (b-c) higher magnification of sternal glands (d-f) Morbora schoutedeni (d) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (e) higher magnification of microsculpture medial to androconial glands (f) higher magnification of apex cuticular duct of glandular unit of androconial glands (g-i) Tectocoris diophthalmus (g) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (h) higher magnification of androconial glands on abdominal SVI (i) higher magnification of apex of cuticular ducts of glandular units of androconial glands. Abbreviations: Ag = Androconial glands; Cd = cuticular ducts; Sg = sternal glands. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713963/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 2</figureCitation>
a-c); CAII asymmetrical (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FA8EFB74C637FADC" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Figs 8c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII medially fused (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB3AFA96C77FFADC" box="[1278,1350,1306,1329]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 8d</figureCitation>
); female terminalia co-planar; paratergites VIII large, subelliptoid...
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FB1AFAD1C7A0FA99" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1787" box="[1246,1433,1373,1396]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="costatus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FB1AFAD1C7A0FA99" box="[1246,1433,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Coleotichus costatus</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF88FC2CFA05C7A0F923" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF88FC2CFA05C7A0F923" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
– Callosite region of pronotum with four black spots, arranged transversely (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FAB7FA26C620FA0E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
); lateral margins of scutellum concolorous with remainder of scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FAB7FA61C620F9CB" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3c</figureCitation>
); males without abdominal setose sternal glands; CAII symmetrical; CAIII medially separated; female terminalia bi-planar, paratergites VIII angulate relative to gonocoxae I; paratergites moderately sized, subtriangular...
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFAAFF88FB26F93BC7A0F923" box="[1250,1433,1719,1742]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" genus="Coleotichus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="21" pageNumber="296" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="artensis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFAAFF88FB26F93BC7A0F923" box="[1250,1433,1719,1742]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Coleotichus artensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFAAFF8BFC2CF96FC073FDA5" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFAAFF8BFC2CF96FC073FEE3" blockId="21.[1000,1435,112,1920]" lastBlockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFAAFF8BFC2CF96FC073FEE3" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="297" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">
5 Body elongate-oval (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FB08F96FC72DF917" box="[1228,1300,1763,1786]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); dark brown species with heavy punctation (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFAAFF88FA87F888C7B4F8F6" box="[1347,1421,1796,1819]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="296">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); ventral surface strongly setose; labium reaching posterior margin of abdominal SIII abdominal; males without abdominal sternal glands; connexival margins thickened, each segment bicoloured yellow then black (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF30FF38C305FF26" box="[244,316,180,203]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3a</figureCitation>
); CAIII bifurcate, medially fused (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF3DFF59C372FF01" box="[249,331,213,236]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="28.[1268,1304,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1252,106,1409]" captionTargetId="figure-299@28.[151,1253,106,1409]" captionTargetPageId="28" captionText="Fig. 4: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Austrotichus rugosus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; J = juga; Me = mesepimeron; Met = metepisternum; Ms(k) = mesosternal keel; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = proepisternal keel, ventral view; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713969" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713969/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 4d</figureCitation>
); spermathecal reservoir weakly dilated.....
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFE4EFF7BC073FEE3" authorityName="GROSS" authorityYear="1975" box="[394,586,247,270]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Austrotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rugosus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFE4EFF7BC073FEE3" box="[394,586,247,270]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Austrotichus rugosus</emphasis>
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</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EFEA8C073FDA5" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EFEA8C073FDA5" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Body ovoid (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE8FFEA8C398FED6" box="[331,417,292,315]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); orange-brown species with shallow punctation (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE33FEC9C007FEB1" box="[503,574,325,348]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="26.[620,656,1714,1733]" captionTargetBox="[620,1517,114,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-375@26.[619,1531,105,1925]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Fig. 3: Habitus of Australian Elvisurinae species (a) Austrotichus rugosus, Oi (b) Solenotichus circuliferus, Oi (c) Coleotichus artensis, Oi (d) Coleotichus costatus, Oi (e) Coleotichus excellens, Oi. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713967" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713967/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 3b</figureCitation>
); ventral surface mostly glabrous; labium reaching metasternum; males with abdominal sternal glands on SIV-SVII connexival margins greatly thickened, concolorous; CAIII not bifid, medially separated (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF2BFD9CC365FDCA" box="[239,348,528,551]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 10c, d</figureCitation>
); spermathecal reservoir broad, oval.....
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFEAAFDBDC073FDA5" box="[366,586,561,584]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Solenotichus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="circuliferus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFEAAFDBDC073FDA5" box="[366,586,561,584]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Solenotichus circuliferus</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFF5EFDD2C073FC1E" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EFDD2C073FD11" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EFDD2C073FD11" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
6 Both sexes with stridulatory vittae on abdominal SV-SVI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEAAFD0CC3FFFD7A" box="[366,454,640,663]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 17e</figureCitation>
); head large (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF73FD2DC318FD55" box="[183,289,673,696]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="55.[60,96,773,792]" captionTargetBox="[79,967,110,749]" captionTargetId="figure-590@55.[60,969,105,752]" captionTargetPageId="55" captionText="Fig. 16: Habitus of introduced Pachycorinae species (a-b) Agonosoma trilineatum (a) ♂ (b) ♀. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714003" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714003/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 16a, b</figureCitation>
); SVII enlarged, covering male (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF73FD4FC335FD37" box="[183,268,707,730]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="56.[1246,1282,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1230,106,1374]" captionTargetId="figure-268@56.[151,1231,106,1375]" captionTargetPageId="56" captionText="Fig. 17: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Agonosoma trilineatum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (d) male pygophore, dorsal view (e) Stridulatory areas, pregenital abdominal SV- SVI (f) Substructure of stridulatory area. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; S = stridulatory area; SVII = seventh abdominal sternite, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714005" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714005/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 17d</figureCitation>
) and female terminalia (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFDC1FD4FC2C5FD11" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Pachycorinae">Pachy-corinae</taxonomicName>
)........
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFEB7FD69C073FD11" box="[371,586,741,764]" class="Insecta" family="Dolichopodidae" genus="Agonosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="trilineatum">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFEB7FD69C073FD11" box="[371,586,741,764]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Agonosoma trilineatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EFC9DC073FC1E" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EFC9DC073FC1E" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Both sexes without stridulatory vittae on abdominal SV-SVI; head moderately sized (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF29FCD9C305FC81" box="[237,316,853,876]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
a-d); SVII not greatly enlarged (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEECFCFAC355FC60" box="[296,364,886,909]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 21</figureCitation>
a-i), terminalia of both sexes exposed, sometimes male SVIII exposed partially covering pygophore (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF75FC50C33BFC1E" box="[177,258,988,1011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 45c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEC9FC50C316FC1E" box="[269,303,988,1011]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">46f</figureCitation>
).................... 7
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFF5EFB84C073F8DF" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EFB84C073FAA2" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EFB84C073FAA2" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
7 Males with androconial glands on abdominal SIV-VI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEF7FBA6C356FBAC" box="[307,367,1066,1089]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="8.[1089,1125,1068,1087]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,106,1050]" captionTargetId="figure-433@8.[151,1527,105,1050]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="Fig. 2: Abdominal Sternal Glands of Scutelleridae (a-c) Coleotichus costatus (a) abdominal venter, sternal glands on SIV-SVI (b-c) higher magnification of sternal glands (d-f) Morbora schoutedeni (d) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (e) higher magnification of microsculpture medial to androconial glands (f) higher magnification of apex cuticular duct of glandular unit of androconial glands (g-i) Tectocoris diophthalmus (g) androconial glands on SIV-SVI (h) higher magnification of androconial glands on abdominal SVI (i) higher magnification of apex of cuticular ducts of glandular units of androconial glands. Abbreviations: Ag = Androconial glands; Cd = cuticular ducts; Sg = sternal glands. Scale bars = 0.1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713963" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713963/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 2</figureCitation>
d-f, g-i, 12e, 45c); external efferent system of metathoracic glands reduced (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE67FBE1C038FB69" box="[419,513,1133,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 12d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFDD3FBE1C006FB69" box="[535,575,1133,1156]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">46d</figureCitation>
); aedeagal ejaculatory apparatus without convoluted ventral conducting canal (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF73FB5EC312FB04" box="[183,299,1234,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEFEFB5EC345FB04" box="[314,380,1234,1257]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">47c, d</figureCitation>
); CAI present (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFDE6FB5EC2CCFAE6" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEC3FB78C375FAE6" box="[263,332,1268,1291]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">47c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII well-developed, membraneous, basally fused (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE11FA9AC07EFAC0" box="[469,583,1302,1325]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="51.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[270,1436,126,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@51.[269,1437,116,1920]" captionTargetPageId="51" captionText="Fig. 14: Male genitalia of Morbora schoutedeni (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere ; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage ; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis ; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; V = vesica ; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713997" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713997/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 14c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF75FAB4C2D6FAA2" box="[177,239,1336,1359]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="111.[60,96,1740,1759]" captionTargetBox="[60,1432,106,1919]" captionTargetId="figure-15@111.[153,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="111" captionText="Fig. 47: Male genitalia of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbre- viations: C = crown of right paramere; CAI = first conjunctival appendage; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714095" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714095/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">47c, d</figureCitation>
).......................... 8
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EFAE8C073F8DF" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EFAE8C073F8DF" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Males without androconial glands, most often with abdominal sterna unadorned (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF2DFA2BC309FA53" box="[233,304,1447,1470]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 21</figureCitation>
a-i); external efferent system of metathoracic glands usually well-developed (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEE7FA67C340F9EF" box="[291,377,1515,1538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE42FA67C394F9EF" box="[390,429,1515,1538]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">31d</figureCitation>
), if evaporative areas reduced, peritreme greatly enlarged, subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE81F9A2C39AF9A8" box="[325,419,1582,1605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE72F9A2C3E4F9A8" box="[438,477,1582,1605]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">29d</figureCitation>
); aedeagal ejaculatory apparatus with convoluted ventral conducting canal (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE24F9FEC01DF964" box="[480,548,1650,1673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="29.[1073,1109,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[68,1435,106,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-15@29.[68,1435,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="29" captionText="Fig. 5: Male genitalia of Austrotichus rugosus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) right paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII(D) = third conjunctival appendage, dorsal branch; CAIII(V) = third conjunctival appendage, ventral branch; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713971" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713971/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 5c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFDEAF9FEC07FF964" box="[558,582,1650,1673]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="33.[60,96,1611,1630]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,117,1923]" captionTargetId="figure-15@33.[215,1436,105,1912]" captionTargetPageId="33" captionText="Fig. 8: Male genitalia of Coleotichus costatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L)L = left second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(L)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M)L = left second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAII(M)R = right second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713979" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713979/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">8c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF75F918C2D6F946" box="[177,239,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="43.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@43.[183,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="43" captionText="Fig. 10: Male genitalia of Solenotichus circuliferus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713985" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713985/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">10c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF3EF918C300F946" box="[250,313,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE80F918C350F946" box="[324,361,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">26c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEB1F918C3A3F946" box="[373,410,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">30c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE61F918C3F3F946" box="[421,458,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">36c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE11F918C3C2F946" box="[469,507,1684,1707]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">43c</figureCitation>
); CAIII usually large, membraneous and U-shaped (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF2EF95BC361F903" box="[234,344,1751,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEA1F95BC39CF903" box="[357,421,1751,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">30c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE75F95BC3C8F903" box="[433,497,1751,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFE3AF95BC006F903" box="[510,575,1751,1774]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">43c, d</figureCitation>
), rarely antler-like (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFEADF975C3E7F8FD" box="[361,478,1785,1808]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
) or digitiform (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFF28F897C36CF8DF" box="[236,341,1819,1842]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 22c, d</figureCitation>
) (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFEAEF897C3C9F8DF" box="[362,496,1819,1842]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="384" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Scutellerinae">Scutellerinae</taxonomicName>
).... 11
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFF5EF8CBC626FD80" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFF5EF8CBC626FEBE" blockId="22.[154,587,112,1920]" lastBlockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFF5EF8CBC626FEBE" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
8 Body small, males and females &lt;6 mm; body dull colouration, densely punctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD48FFFCC0EDFF6A" box="[652,724,112,135]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="48.[1129,1165,1074,1093]" captionTargetBox="[622,1527,106,1209]" captionTargetId="figure-431@48.[619,1544,105,1218]" captionTargetPageId="48" captionText="Fig. 11: Habitus of Morbora species (a) M. australis (b) M. hirtula (c) M. schoutedeni. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713989" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713989/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 11</figureCitation>
a-c); dorsum densely setose, with curly sericeous setae (Figs 13a, b, e, h) in-termixed with fan-like (Figs 13c, h, i) or clove-like setae (Figs 13b, f); male ab-dominal SVIII recessed, not visible (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC3DFF74C095FEDC" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="49.[80,116,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[360,1436,106,1371]" captionTargetId="figure-347@49.[360,1438,105,1371]" captionTargetPageId="49" captionText="Fig. 12: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Morbora australis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ag = androconial glands; Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713991" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713991/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 12e</figureCitation>
); female gonocoxae I tripartite (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFD48FEB0C115FEBE" box="[652,812,316,339]" pageId="22" pageNumber="320" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Odontotarsinae">Odontotarsinae</taxonomicName>
:
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFCF2FEB0C1BEFEBE" box="[822,903,316,339]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Morbora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFCF2FEB0C1BEFEBE" box="[822,903,316,339]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Morbora</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).......... 9
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDABFEE5C626FD80" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDABFEE5C626FD80" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Body large, males and female&gt; 13 mm; body mostly orange, most often with iri-descent blue or green markings, rarely uniformly orange (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFCF9FE43C1BBFE0B" box="[829,898,463,486]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 1f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC4AFE43C1F5FE0B" box="[910,972,463,486]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">45a, b</figureCitation>
; dorsum glabrous; male abdominal SVIII exposed, broadly covering ventral surface of py-gophore (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD26FDB8C10EFDA6" box="[738,823,564,587]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="109.[60,96,1042,1061]" captionTargetBox="[60,968,110,1187]" captionTargetId="figure-433@109.[42,969,105,1026]" captionTargetPageId="109" captionText="Fig. 45: Habitus and abdominal venter of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) ♂ (b) ♀ (c) abdominal venter." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714089" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714089/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 45c</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC86FDB8C153FDA6" box="[834,874,564,587]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="110.[1296,1332,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1280,106,1436]" captionTargetId="figure-338@110.[150,1280,105,1437]" captionTargetPageId="110" captionText="Fig. 46: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Tectocoris diophthalmus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative areas; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere; SVIII = eighth abdominal sternite. Scale bars = 1 mm ." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714091" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714091/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">46e</figureCitation>
); female gonocox-ae I undivided...
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFC80FDDAC626FD80" box="[836,1055,598,621]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Tectocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diophthalmus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFC80FDDAC626FD80" box="[836,1055,598,621]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Tectocoris diophthalmus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFDAAFD0FC626FC59" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFD0FC627FCED" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFD0FC627FCED" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
9 Anterolateral margins of pronotum and costal margins greatly expanded (Figs 11c); scutellum with broad fan-like setae (Figs 13h-i).......
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFC9AFD65C627FCED" box="[862,1054,745,768]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Morbora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="328" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="schoutedeni">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFC9AFD65C627FCED" box="[862,1054,745,768]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Morbora schoutedeni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFC99C626FC59" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFC99C626FC59" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">– Anterolateral margins of pronotum and costal margins not expanded (Fig. 13a, b); scutellum with either clove-like setae (Figs 13b, 13f) or narrow fan-like setae (Fig. 13c)...................... 10</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFDAAFC46C626FB34" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFC46C626FBAA" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFC46C626FBAA" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
10 Dorsum with short, narrow fan-like setae, strongly tapered proximally (Fig. 13c); AI longest antennal segment; CAI branched; CAIII absent.........
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFCBFFBBCC626FBAA" authorityName="DISTANT" authorityYear="1899" box="[891,1055,1072,1095]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Morbora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="australis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFCBFFBBCC626FBAA" box="[891,1055,1072,1095]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Morbora australis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFBD0C626FB34" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFBD0C626FB34" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Dorsum without fan-like setae, with clove-like setae only (Fig. 13f); AIV longest antennal segment; CAI branched; CAIII present.........
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFC48FB4EC626FB34" authority="Hirtula" authorityName="Hirtula BERGROTH" authorityYear="1904" box="[908,1055,1218,1241]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Morbora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFC48FB4EC626FB34" box="[908,1055,1218,1241]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Morbora hirtula</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8BFDAAFB63C626F8E3" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFB63C626FA3F" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFB63C626FA3F" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
11 Body very small, &lt;4 mm (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC52FB63C1D4FAEB" box="[918,1005,1263,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 24b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC3CFB63C62DFAEB" box="[1016,1044,1263,1286]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="93.[60,96,1168,1187]" captionTargetBox="[68,964,111,1151]" captionTargetId="figure-431@93.[60,968,105,1152]" captionTargetPageId="93" captionText="Fig. 37: Habitus of holotype of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714067" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714067/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">37</figureCitation>
); body with setigerous punctures (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC00FA9DC635FAC5" box="[964,1036,1297,1320]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 38</figureCitation>
a-c); head short, strongly rounded in profile (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD48FAD9C0D1FA81" box="[652,744,1365,1388]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38b</figureCitation>
); jugal margins rounded (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC3DFAD9C097FA63" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38b</figureCitation>
); apex of peritreme of metathoracic glands distally raised, obovate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC7DFA15C632FA5D" box="[953,1035,1433,1456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="94.[1301,1337,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[152,1285,106,983]" captionTargetId="figure-429@94.[152,1285,105,984]" captionTargetPageId="94" captionText="Fig. 38: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Heissiphara minuta nov.sp. (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) Spermatheca. Abbreviations: Df = dorsal flange; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pf = proximal flange; P(r) = right paramere; S(b) = spermathecal bulb. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714069" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714069/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 38c</figureCitation>
)...............
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA9FF8BFCA9FA37C626FA3F" authorityName="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags" authorityYear="2006" box="[877,1055,1467,1490]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Heissiphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="22" pageNumber="297" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuta">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA9FF8BFCA9FA37C626FA3F" box="[877,1055,1467,1490]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Heissiphara minuta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8BFDAAFA6BC626F8E3" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8BFDAAFA6BC626F8E3" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
– Body small to large species,&gt; 8 mm; body without setigerous punctures, dorsum usu-ally glabrous, at most with simple setae; head short to elongate; jugal margins car-inate (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD38F9E3C16BF96B" box="[764,850,1647,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 29b</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFC9BF9E3C199F96B" box="[863,928,1647,1670]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">31a, b</figureCitation>
) or rounded (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD02F91DC11BF945" box="[710,802,1681,1704]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 25c</figureCitation>
); peritreme subreniform (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD06F93FC123F927" box="[706,794,1715,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 20d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFCEEF93FC169F927" box="[810,848,1715,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">39d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFCA4F93FC1B1F927" box="[864,904,1715,1738]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">42d</figureCitation>
), subtriangular (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD79F959C136F901" box="[701,783,1749,1772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFCDDF959C178F901" box="[793,833,1749,1772]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">29d</figureCitation>
), rarely obovate, but if so anteriorly directed (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFCA1F97BC181F8E3" box="[869,952,1783,1806]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Fig. 31d</figureCitation>
)..... 12
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA9FF8AFDAAF8A8C1FDFDC9" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA9FF8AFDAAF8A8C1FDFEE1" blockId="22.[622,1057,112,1919]" lastBlockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA9FF8AFDAAF8A8C1FDFEE1" lastPageId="23" lastPageNumber="298" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">
12 Jugal margins straight in dorsal view (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD48F8CAC0D8F8B0" box="[652,737,1862,1885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">Figs 28a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA9FF8BFD29F8CAC12DF8B0" box="[749,788,1862,1885]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="22" pageNumber="297">29a</figureCitation>
); large orange species with seven black spots on pronotum and seven spots on scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD37FFE2C170FF68" box="[755,841,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28a</figureCitation>
); abdominal SVIII exposed (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD08FF03C11DFF4B" box="[716,804,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 21e</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCF7FF03C163FF4B" box="[819,858,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="76.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1432]" captionTargetId="figure-280@76.[151,1277,105,1432]" captionTargetPageId="76" captionText="Fig. 29: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Cantao parentum (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714043" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714043/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">29e</figureCitation>
), covering anterior margin of pygophore; CAII undi-vided (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDA8FF5FC0E1FF07" box="[620,728,211,234]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="77.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1916]" captionTargetId="figure-15@77.[189,1437,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="77" captionText="Fig. 30: Male genitalia of Cantao parentum (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAII = second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714047" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714047/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 30c, d</figureCitation>
); female terminalia cau-dal in orientation.....
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFCE5FF79C1FDFEE1" box="[801,964,245,268]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Cantao" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parentum">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFCE5FF79C1FDFEE1" box="[801,964,245,268]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Cantao parentum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0FEADC1FDFDC9" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0FEADC1FDFDC9" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– Jugal margins sinuate in dorsal view (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDEEFECFC0BDFEB7" box="[554,644,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 20a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD52FECFC082FEB7" box="[662,699,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">25a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD0AFECFC0CAFEB7" box="[718,755,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">31a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCC2FECFC112FEB7" box="[774,811,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="97.[126,162,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[317,1436,106,1423]" captionTargetId="figure-236@97.[317,1437,106,1424]" captionTargetPageId="97" captionText="Fig. 39: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Lampromicra senator (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714071" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714071/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">39a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCF9FECFC15CFEB7" box="[829,869,323,346]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="106.[1294,1330,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1278,106,1431]" captionTargetId="figure-283@106.[151,1278,105,1431]" captionTargetPageId="106" captionText="Fig. 42: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Scutiphora pedicelllata (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Ea = evaporative areas; GO = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714079" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714079/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">42a</figureCitation>
); various colouring, if orange never withabove-mentioned black markings; male abdomi-nal SVIII recessed, not visible; CAII di-vided (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD59FE46C13CFE0C" box="[669,773,458,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCCBFE46C172FE0C" box="[783,843,458,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">26c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC91FE46C1ABFE0C" box="[853,914,458,481]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC58FE46C001FDEF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">40c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD8DFE67C0B4FDEF" box="[585,653,491,514]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">43c, d</figureCitation>
); female terminalia caudal or ventral in orientation............. 13
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<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF8AFDD0FDB5C1FDFBDE" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0FDB5C1FDFCB3" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0FDB5C1FDFCB3" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
13 Dorsum densely setose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCDDFDB5C166FDBD" box="[793,863,569,592]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
); body iri-descent copper-dark brown (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC99FDD7C183FD9F" box="[861,954,603,626]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28c</figureCitation>
), green (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD42FDF1C0D9FD79" box="[646,736,637,660]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
), bicoloured dark-green/purple and yellow (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCE6FD13C14DFD5B" box="[802,884,671,694]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28d</figureCitation>
) or blue (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDF5FD4CC0BDFD3A" box="[561,644,704,727]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28e</figureCitation>
), often with contrasting coloura-tion (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD58FD6EC0DEFD14" box="[668,743,738,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 1d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD3CFD6EC118FD14" box="[760,801,738,761]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">28d</figureCitation>
); CAII(L) with perpendicular or hook-shaped apex, dis-tally denticulate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD1EFCAAC17FFCD0" box="[730,838,806,829]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 40c, d</figureCitation>
) (
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFC9AFCAAC1FCFCD0" box="[862,965,806,829]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFDEEFCCBC07FFCB3" box="[554,582,839,862]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Lampromi-cra</emphasis>
</emphasis>
)........................... 14
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0FCF8C1FDFBDE" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0FCF8C1FDFBDE" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– Dorsum usually glabrous, at most with scattered setae; CAII(L) either with digi-tiform (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDBEFC3BC0D7FC23" box="[634,750,951,974]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 22c, d</figureCitation>
) or subconical lobal sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDB9FC55C0DEFC1D" box="[637,743,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="72.[151,187,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1527,107,1920]" captionTargetId="figure-14@72.[247,1527,86,1921]" captionTargetPageId="72" captionText="Fig. 26: Male genitalia of Calliscyta stalii (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DCC = dorsal conducting canal; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; V = vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714029" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714029/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 26c, d</figureCitation>
), or bag-like (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCA9FC55C001FBFF" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD80FC77C0BAFBFF" box="[580,643,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">36c, d</figureCitation>
), with or without basal denticu-lation.......................... 16
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF8AFDD0FBC5C07BF9AE" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0FBC5C1FDFAA1" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0FBC5C1FDFAA1" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
14 Posterior 1/2 of scutellum yellow, re-mainder iridescent dark-green/purple (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDF5FB00C0B2FB4E" box="[561,651,1164,1187]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28d</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter mostly iri-descent green, with yellow lateral mar-gins, inner outline of latter linear (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC5BFB5CC068FAE5" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21g</figureCitation>
); CAIII medially fused post-thecal margin...........................................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFCD3FAB9C1FDFAA1" box="[791,964,1333,1356]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Lampromicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regia">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFCD3FAB9C1FDFAA1" box="[791,964,1333,1356]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Lampromicra regia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0FAEDC07BF9AE" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0FAEDC07BF9AE" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– Posterior 1/2 of scutellum either copper-fuscous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDBAFA0FC0F6FA77" box="[638,719,1411,1434]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28c</figureCitation>
) or iridescent dark green or blue (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD40FA29C0F0FA51" box="[644,713,1445,1468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 1f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFD13FA29C0C7FA51" box="[727,766,1445,1468]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">28e</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter with margins of lateral colour band linear (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDF5FA64C0BDFA12" box="[561,644,1512,1535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21f</figureCitation>
) or notched (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCD3FA64C14BFA12" box="[791,882,1512,1535]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21h</figureCitation>
); CAIII separated post-thecal margin (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC90F986C191F9CC" box="[852,936,1546,1569]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 40d</figureCitation>
) 15
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF8AFDD0F9D4C7A0FE79" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFDD0F9D4C1FCF890" blockId="23.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFDD0F9D4C1FCF890" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
15 Dorsum uniformly copper-fuscous, some-times with iridescent green or purple sheen (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDB5F910C0FFF95E" box="[625,710,1692,1715]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28c</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter most-ly concolorous with dorsum, with red lat-eral margins, inner outline of latter linear (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFDF5F88DC0B0F8F5" box="[561,649,1793,1816]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21f</figureCitation>
); anterior callus of scutellum punctate, always fuscous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC92F8AFC183F8D7" box="[854,954,1827,1850]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28c</figureCitation>
); CAII(L) apex hook-like (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFCE3F8C8C1ADF8B6" box="[807,916,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="98.[1114,1150,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[157,1523,106,1912]" captionTargetId="figure-9@98.[151,1461,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="98" captionText="Fig. 40: Male genitalia of Lampromicra aerea (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; Pt(P) = process of phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714075" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714075/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 40c, d</figureCitation>
)..................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFCD6F8EAC1FCF890" authorityName="DISTANT" authorityYear="1892" box="[786,965,1894,1917]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Lampromicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="aerea">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFCD6F8EAC1FCF890" box="[786,965,1894,1917]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Lampromicra aerea</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFC2CFFE2C7A0FE79" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFC2CFFE2C7A0FE79" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– Dorsum mostly iridescent green (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFA85FFE2C7ABFF68" box="[1345,1426,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28e</figureCitation>
) or blue, often with anterior orange callus on scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFB49FF3DC6ECFF25" box="[1165,1237,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 1d</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter mostly iridescent dark green or blue, with orange lateral margins, inner outline of latter notched (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFB5AFE9BC6CFFEC3" box="[1182,1270,279,302]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 21h</figureCitation>
); anterior callus of scutellum impunctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFAC8FEB5C76EFEBD" box="[1292,1367,313,336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 1f</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFAA3FEB5C7B7FEBD" box="[1383,1422,313,336]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">28e</figureCitation>
); CAII(L) apex linear..............................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFB11FEF1C7A0FE79" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1803" box="[1237,1433,381,404]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Lampromicra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="senator">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFB11FEF1C7A0FE79" box="[1237,1433,381,404]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Lampromicra senator</emphasis>
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</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF8AFC2CFE26C7A0FBC3" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFC2CFE26C7A0FD3D" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFC2CFE26C7A0FD3D" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
16 AII(b) minute, shortest antennal seg-ment; AII(a) arcuate, more so in males; dorsum strongly iridescent green with or-ange and fuscous markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFAD5FD83C75FFDCB" box="[1297,1382,527,550]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="74.[1089,1125,1601,1620]" captionTargetBox="[237,1506,114,1579]" captionTargetId="figure-155@74.[205,1509,105,1585]" captionTargetPageId="74" captionText="Fig. 28: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae (a) Cantao parentum, Oi (b) Scutiphora pedicellata, ♀ (c) Lampromicra aerea, Oi (d) Lampromicra regia, Oi (e) Lampromicra senator, Oi. Scale bars = 1mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714035" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714035/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 28b</figureCitation>
); lat-eral areas of mesosternum striate; crown of paramere weakly curved, apex truncate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBC2FDF9C664FD61" box="[1030,1117,629,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 43b</figureCitation>
); CAII(L) with an elongate ar-cuate lobal sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFB02FD1BC70AFD43" box="[1222,1331,663,686]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="107.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@107.[186,1438,105,1921]" captionTargetPageId="107" captionText="Fig. 43: Male genitalia of Scutiphora pedicellata (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patch; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714083" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714083/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 43c, d</figureCitation>
).....................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFB16FD35C7A0FD3D" box="[1234,1433,697,720]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Scutiphora" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pedicellata">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFB16FD35C7A0FD3D" box="[1234,1433,697,720]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Scutiphora pedicellata</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFC2CFD6AC7A0FBC3" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFC2CFD6AC7A0FBC3" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– AI or AII(a) shortest segment; AII(a) lin-ear; body usually red or orange with con-trasting markings, if iridescent green without orange markings; lateral areas of mesosternum smooth; crown of paramere strongly hooked (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFB1AFC03C70BFC4B" box="[1246,1330,911,934]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 36b</figureCitation>
); CAII ei-ther undivided, or with base membrane-ous post-thecal margin (e.g.,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFAE3FC5FC7ACFC07" box="[1319,1429,979,1002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFC3BFC79C67CFBE1" box="[1023,1093,1013,1036]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">36c, d</figureCitation>
), if entirely sclerotized, oval in shape.......................... 17
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF8AFC2CFBC8C7A0F925" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFC2CFBC8C7A0FA61" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFC2CFBC8C7A0FA61" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
17 Body small to moderate size, males &lt;12.5 mm, females &lt;13 mm; dorsum densely punctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBA0FB04C696FB72" box="[1124,1199,1160,1183]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 24</figureCitation>
c-f); jugal margins cari-nate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBFDFB26C692FB2C" box="[1081,1195,1194,1217]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 31a, b</figureCitation>
); hemelytral membrane tip not exposed beyond scutellum (Figs 24c-f); peritreme of metathoracic glands obovate, elongate, laterally recurved to-wards head (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBBBFABDC6EFFAA5" box="[1151,1238,1329,1352]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="82.[1293,1329,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1277,106,1424]" captionTargetId="figure-280@82.[150,1278,105,1425]" captionTargetPageId="82" captionText="Fig. 31: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Choerocoris paganus (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: C = clypeus; Ea = evaporative area; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714049" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714049/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 31d</figureCitation>
); ventral surface of male pygophore caudally oriented (Figs 31e, 32b, f, h) (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA8FF8AFB5FFAF9C731FA61" box="[1179,1288,1397,1420]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Choerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="23" pageNumber="298" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA8FF8AFB5FFAF9C731FA61" box="[1179,1288,1397,1420]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Choerocoris</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)........ 18
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF8AFC2CFA2EC7A0F925" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF8AFC2CFA2EC7A0F925" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
– Body moderate size to large, males&gt; 13 mm, females&gt; 13.5 mm; dorsum punctate to impunctate; hemelytral membrane tip exposed beyond scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFADAF984C752F9F2" box="[1310,1387,1544,1567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 19</figureCitation>
a-d); peritreme of metathoracic glands either subtriangular (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFB50F9C0C6D4F98E" box="[1172,1261,1612,1635]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 25e</figureCitation>
) or subreniform (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBC2F9E2C65BF968" box="[1030,1122,1646,1669]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 20d</figureCitation>
); ventral surface of male py-gophore ventrally oriented (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFAD9F903C751F94B" box="[1309,1384,1679,1702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Figs 20</figureCitation>
a-c) or caudally oriented.............. 21
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<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA8FF85FC2CF952C073FD3D" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA8FF85FC2CF952C073FEBD" blockId="23.[1000,1434,110,1917]" lastBlockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA8FF85FC2CF952C073FEBD" lastPageId="24" lastPageNumber="299" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">
18 Callosite region of pronotum medially impunctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBB8F88CC6F6F8FA" box="[1148,1231,1792,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 24d</figureCitation>
); callosite region de-marcated posteriorly by transverse furrow (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA8FF8AFBC2F8C8C662F8B6" box="[1030,1115,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="298">Fig. 24d</figureCitation>
); scutellum red with pair of sub-medial, iridescent blue, subtriangular markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FED3FFE2C355FF68" box="[279,364,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 24d</figureCitation>
), anterior margin with iridescent blue marking; apex of scutel-lum without markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE5CFF3DC3D7FF25" box="[408,494,177,200]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 24d</figureCitation>
); abdom-inal venter mostly red with lateral and submedial dark blue markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE2BFF79C285FEC3" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32e, f</figureCitation>
); CAII(M) and CAII(L) roughly sym-metrical..........
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FE48FEB5C073FEBD" box="[396,586,313,336]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Choerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="paganus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FE48FEB5C073FEBD" box="[396,586,313,336]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Choerocoris paganus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FF5EFEEAC073FD3D" blockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FF5EFEEAC073FD3D" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
– Pronotum densely and uniformly punc-tate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF21FE04C353FE72" box="[229,362,392,415]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 24c, e, f</figureCitation>
); callosite and disc re-gions of pronotum co-planar (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE1DFE26C285FE0E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 24c, e, f</figureCitation>
); scutellum orange or red with three prominent iridescent blue regions, always with V-shaped distal markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE34FD83C2ECFDA5" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 24c, e, f</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter mostly orange or red, with (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FED3FDDFC3BFFD87" box="[279,390,595,618]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32a, b</figureCitation>
) or without subme-dial darker markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE55FDF9C007FD61" box="[401,574,629,652]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32c, d, g, h</figureCitation>
); CAII(M) and CAII(L) significantly dif-ferentiated (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FEEDFD35C3AFFD3D" box="[297,406,697,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 35c, d</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE65FD35C3E6FD3D" box="[417,479,697,720]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">36c, d</figureCitation>
)..... 19
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<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA7FF85FF5EFD6AC073FA87" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FF5EFD6AC072FBE1" blockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FF5EFD6AC072FBE1" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
19 Jugae orange (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE84FD6AC3B4FD10" box="[320,397,742,765]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig 24c</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter mostly orange with lateral blue or green markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FEDCFCA6C3B0FCAC" box="[280,393,810,833]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32c, d</figureCitation>
); apex of CAII(M) with weak sclerotization (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE00FCC0C007FC8E" box="[452,574,844,867]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 35c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII contiguous medially, lightly sclero-tized, lobe-like (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE94FC03C3F9FC4B" box="[336,448,911,934]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 35c, d</figureCitation>
); vesica with-out distal process beyond secondary gono-pore (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF2EFC5FC36CFC07" box="[234,341,979,1002]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="87.[60,96,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,107,1917]" captionTargetId="figure-15@87.[208,1437,105,1918]" captionTargetPageId="87" captionText="Fig. 35: Male genitalia of Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714061" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714061/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 35c, d</figureCitation>
).............................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FE92FC79C3C6FBE1" authority="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags, 2006" authorityName="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags" authorityYear="2006" box="[342,511,1013,1036]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Choerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="lattini" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FE92FC79C3C6FBE1" box="[342,511,1013,1036]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Choerocoris lattini</emphasis>
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nov.sp.
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</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FF5EFBAEC073FA87" blockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FF5EFBAEC073FA87" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
– Head mostly iridescent dark green or blue (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF73FBC8C318FBB6" box="[183,289,1092,1115]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 24e, f</figureCitation>
); abdominal venter either yel-low or orange, with (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE44FBEAC3D5FB90" box="[384,492,1126,1149]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 32a, b</figureCitation>
) or with-out submedial dark (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE4BFB04C032FB72" box="[399,523,1160,1183]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32g, h</figureCitation>
) blue markings; apex of CAIII with prominent triangular lobal sclerite (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE7AFB40C007FB0E" box="[446,574,1228,1251]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII separated, as antler-like and heavi-ly sclerotized processes (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE58FA83C033FACB" box="[412,522,1295,1318]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
); vesi-ca with subdistal paired process (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FE36FABDC286FA87" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="89.[585,621,1689,1708]" captionTargetBox="[59,1436,113,1921]" captionTargetId="figure-15@89.[58,1437,107,1920]" captionTargetPageId="89" captionText="Fig. 36: Male genitalia of Choerocoris variegatus (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of right paramere; CAII(L) = second conjunctival appendage, lateral branch; CAII(M) = second conjunctival appendage, medial branch; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis dorsalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; F = flange at base of crown of paramere; GO = genital opening; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; V = vesica; Vp = process of vesica; VCC = ventral conducting canal of ejaculatory apparatus; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714063" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714063/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 36c, d</figureCitation>
) ............................ 20
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<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA7FF85FF5EFA0CC626FF06" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FF5EFA0CC072F94B" blockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FF5EFA0CC072F94B" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
20 Pregenital abdominal venter mostly yel-low with submedial and lateral black bands (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF32FA48C366FA36" box="[246,351,1476,1499]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32a,b</figureCitation>
); posterior angles of ab-dominal connexiva V-VII nodulate, yel-low (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF27F984C36EF9F2" box="[227,343,1544,1567]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32a, b</figureCitation>
); female paratergites IX greatly expanded, much larger than gono-coxae I (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FEC3F9C0C34DF98E" box="[263,372,1612,1635]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 33e, f</figureCitation>
); gonocoxae I greatly reduced, posterior margin deeply excavate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FF73F903C319F94B" box="[183,288,1679,1702]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 33e, f</figureCitation>
)...
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FE9DF903C3C6F94B" authority="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags, 2006" authorityName="Gerry Cassis &amp; Loren Vanags" authorityYear="2006" box="[345,511,1679,1702]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Choerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="grossi" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FE9DF903C3C6F94B" box="[345,511,1679,1702]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Choerocoris grossi</emphasis>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="A26E57F0FFA7FF85FDC2F903C072F94B" box="[518,587,1679,1702]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" rank="species">nov.sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FF5EF930C626FF06" blockId="24.[154,587,110,1917]" lastBlockId="24.[623,1057,110,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FF5EF930C626FF06" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
– Pregenital abdominal venter mostly yel-low with lateral black band only (Figs 32g, h); posterior angles of abdominal connexiva V-VII weakly swollen at most, fuscous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FEC2F8C8C343F8B6" box="[262,378,1860,1883]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="83.[60,96,1816,1835]" captionTargetBox="[72,958,106,1790]" captionTargetId="figure-443@83.[67,962,105,1800]" captionTargetPageId="83" captionText="Fig. 32: Colouration of Abdominal Venter of Choerocoris species (a-b) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (a) ventral view (b) lateral view (c-d) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp. (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris paganus (e) ventral view (f) lateral view (g-h) Choerocoris variegatus (g) ventral view (h) lateral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714053" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714053/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 32g, h</figureCitation>
); female paratergites IX not greatly enlarged, smaller than gonocoxae I (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCD7FFE2C1B2FF68" box="[787,907,110,133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 33c, d</figureCitation>
); gonocoxae I well-developed, posterior margin weakly excavate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FD2DFF3EC16FFF24" box="[745,854,178,201]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="84.[1089,1125,1589,1608]" captionTargetBox="[151,1510,106,1568]" captionTargetId="figure-192@84.[150,1521,105,1573]" captionTargetPageId="84" captionText="Fig. 33: Female Terminalia of Choerocoris species (a) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ventral view (b) Choerocoris paganus, ventral view (c-d) Choerocoris variegatus (c) ventral view (d) lateral view (e-f) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp. (e) ventral view (f) lateral view. Abbreviations: PVIII = eighth paratergites; PIX = ninth paratergites; GXI = gonocoxae I." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714055" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714055/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 33c, d</figureCitation>
)............................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FC8BFF58C626FF06" box="[847,1055,212,235]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Choerocoris" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="variegatus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FC8BFF58C626FF06" box="[847,1055,212,235]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Choerocoris variegatus</emphasis>
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</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA7FF85FDABFE8DC626FBD9" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FDABFE8DC626FD7D" blockId="24.[623,1057,110,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FDABFE8DC626FD7D" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
21 Hemelytral membrane barely surpassing tip of scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCE8FEAFC146FED7" box="[812,895,291,314]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 24a</figureCitation>
); dorsum mostly fuscous, with orange/red and iridescent dark green markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCAFFEEBC1FEFE93" box="[875,967,359,382]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="69.[60,96,1742,1761]" captionTargetBox="[82,967,109,1707]" captionTargetId="figure-404@69.[78,967,105,1724]" captionTargetPageId="69" captionText="Fig. 24: Habitus of Australian Scutellerinae species (a) Calliscyta stalii, ♀ (b) Heissiphara minuta nov.sp., ♀ (c) Choerocoris lattini nov.sp., ♀ (d) Choerocoris paganus, ♂ (e) Choerocoris grossi nov.sp., ♂ (f) Choerocoris variegatus, ♂. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714025" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714025/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 24a</figureCitation>
); AII(a) moderately short, AII(b) at most 2.5x&gt; AII(a); peritreme of metathoracic glands greatly expanded laterally, subtriangular, 1-1.5x longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCBBFE7CC1E1FDEA" box="[895,984,496,519]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 25d</figureCitation>
); evap-orative areas restricted, not extending to mesepimeron (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCD1FDB8C150FDA6" box="[789,873,564,587]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="71.[60,96,1556,1575]" captionTargetBox="[60,1436,106,1538]" captionTargetId="figure-240@71.[60,1436,105,1538]" captionTargetPageId="71" captionText="Fig. 25: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliscyta stalii (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; P = pronotum; P(al) = anterolateral margin of pronotum; Pe = peritreme; Pe(k) = keel of anterior margin of proepisternum; P(r) = right paramere; Pr = proctiger; EES = external efferent system." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714027" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714027/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 25d</figureCitation>
); CAI absent (Figs 26c); female terminalia caudal in orienta-tion..................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FC57FDF5C626FD7D" baseAuthorityName="VOLLENHOVEN" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[915,1055,633,656]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliscyta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="stalii">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FC57FDF5C626FD7D" box="[915,1055,633,656]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Calliscyta stalii</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FDABFD29C626FBD9" blockId="24.[623,1057,110,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FDABFD29C626FBD9" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
– Hemelytral membrane clearly surpassing tip of scutellum (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC81FD44C1A3FD32" box="[837,922,712,735]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs. 19</figureCitation>
a-d); dorsum mostly iridescent green, orange, or orange and blue, with various markings (Figs 19a-d); AII(a) minute, AII(b) more than 6x&gt; AII(a) length; peritreme of metatho-racic glands subreniform, tapered distally, 3x or more longer than wide (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC78FC19C62DFC41" box="[956,1044,917,940]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 20d</figureCitation>
); evaporative areas extensive, extending to mesepimeron (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCE4FC55C146FC1D" box="[800,895,985,1008]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="60.[1190,1226,107,126]" captionTargetBox="[151,1174,106,1322]" captionTargetId="figure-274@60.[151,1176,105,1323]" captionTargetPageId="60" captionText="Fig. 20: Scanning electron micrographs of key characters of Calliphara imperialis (a) Head, dorsal view (b) Head, lateral view (c) Head and thorax, ventral view (d) External efferent system of metathoracic glands, ventral view (e) male pygophore, ventral view (f) male pygophore, dorsal view. Abbreviations: Ea = evaporative area; Go = genital opening; Pe = peritreme; P(r) = right paramere. Scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714015" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714015/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 20d</figureCitation>
); CAI present (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FD48FC77C0C0FBFF" box="[652,761,1019,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 22c, d</figureCitation>
); female terminalia ventral in orientation (
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FCC0FB91C15DFBD9" authorityName="GERMAR" authorityYear="1839" box="[772,868,1053,1076]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FCC0FB91C15DFBD9" box="[772,868,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Calliphara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
)........... 22
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<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA7FF85FDABFBC6C626F893" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FDABFBC6C626FA34" blockId="24.[623,1057,110,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FDABFBC6C626FA34" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
22 Eye length 1/2 head length (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC7FFBC6C62AFB8C" box="[955,1043,1098,1121]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); head orange-red to copper with fuscous markings (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FD29FB02C17AFB48" box="[749,835,1166,1189]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); pronotum iridescent copper, with calli most often fuscous (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC3DFB3DC094FB07" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); scutellum iridescent copper, with fuscous spot at tip (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC88FB79C19AFAE1" box="[844,931,1269,1292]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); exocorium iridescent green (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCF0FA9BC1B2FAC3" box="[820,907,1303,1326]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19d</figureCitation>
); posterior an-gles of abdominal SVI-SVII spinose; CAI bifurcate, with CAI(D) elongate, digiti-form (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FD02FAF2C102FA78" box="[710,827,1406,1429]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 22c, d</figureCitation>
); CAIII divided (Figs 22c, d); vesica with apical hood (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC0EFA2CC0AAFA34" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="63.[60,96,1708,1727]" captionTargetBox="[60,1412,108,1807]" captionTargetId="figure-13@63.[89,1414,105,1812]" captionTargetPageId="63" captionText="Fig. 22: Male genitalia of Calliphara regalis (a) pygophore, dorsal view (b) paramere, lateral view (c) aedeagus, lateral view (d) apex of aedeagus, ventral view. Abbreviations: C = crown of paramere; CAI(V) = ventral branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAI(D) = dorsal branch of first conjunctival appendage; CAII(L) = lateral branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAII(M) = medial branch of second conjunctival appendage; CAIII = third conjunctival appendage; DS(D) = ductus seminis distalis; DS(P) = ductus seminis proximalis; Er = ejaculatory reservoir; GO = genital opening; Pt = phallotheca; S = stem of paramere; Sg = secondary gonopore; SP = setose patches of male genital opening; VCC = ventral conducting canal; Vp = distal process of vesica; VM = ventral margin of genital opening." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714019" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714019/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 22c, d</figureCitation>
).................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA7FF85FCBBFA4EC626FA34" baseAuthorityName="FABRICIUS" baseAuthorityYear="1775" box="[895,1055,1474,1497]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="299" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="regalis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA7FF85FCBBFA4EC626FA34" box="[895,1055,1474,1497]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Calliphara regalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA7FF85FDABFA63C626F893" blockId="24.[623,1057,110,1918]" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA7FF85FDABFA63C626F893" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">
– Eye length &lt;1/2 head length (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC06FA63C635F9EB" box="[962,1036,1519,1542]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Figs 19</figureCitation>
a-c); head concolorous, iridescent dark green or blue; pronotum orange or irides-cent green, rarely with calli fuscous; scutellum broadly bicoloured (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FC78F9FBC62DF963" box="[956,1044,1655,1678]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
), or orange with narrow distal iridescent green marking (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCEFF930C1BCF93E" box="[811,901,1724,1747]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
); posterior an-gles of abdominal sterna without spines (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FD48F88CC0D8F8FA" box="[652,737,1792,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
), or SIV-SVI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCB7F88CC1F1F8FA" box="[883,968,1792,1815]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 21b</figureCitation>
) or SIV-SVII spinose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA7FF85FCD1F8AEC152F8D4" box="[789,875,1826,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="299">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
); CAI and CAIII divided or undivided; vesica with or without processes................ 23
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA6FF84FDD0FFE2C1FDFDAE" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA6FF84FDD0FFE2C1FDFEA3" blockId="25.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA6FF84FDD0FFE2C1FDFEA3" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
23 Scutellum either red and iridescent dark blue (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FDADFF03C0FBFF4B" box="[617,706,143,166]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
) or mostly orange (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FC5BFF03C06BFF25" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 19b</figureCitation>
); legs concolorous, fuscous; abdominal venter impunctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FD3CFF5EC14BFF04" box="[760,882,210,233]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Figs 21a, b</figureCitation>
), sometimes rugose laterally; spinose posterolateral angles of abdominal sterna SIV-SVI (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FDF5FEBBC0BDFEA3" box="[561,644,311,334]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21b</figureCitation>
) or SIV-SVII (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FCD2FEBBC15EFEA3" box="[790,871,311,334]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
).... 24
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA6FF84FDD0FEEFC1FDFDAE" blockId="25.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA6FF84FDD0FEEFC1FDFDAE" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
– Scutellum mostly iridescent green, each with seven black spots (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FCDDFE09C154FE71" box="[793,877,389,412]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
); femora mostly orange, apex narrowly fuscous; tibiae and tarsi fuscous; abdominal venter punctate (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FD50FE65C0D4FDED" box="[660,749,489,512]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21c</figureCitation>
); posterior angles of abdominal sterna not spinose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FC9DFD87C195FDCF" box="[857,940,523,546]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 19c</figureCitation>
)..................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA6FF84FCE7FDA0C1FDFDAE" baseAuthorityName="LINNAEUS" baseAuthorityYear="1763" box="[803,964,556,579]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nobilis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA6FF84FCE7FDA0C1FDFDAE" box="[803,964,556,579]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Calliphara nobilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
<keyStep id="30DD2E3CFFA6FF84FDD0FDD5C1FDFB7E" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA6FF84FDD0FDD5C1FCFCB6" blockId="25.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA6FF84FDD0FDD5C1FCFCB6" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
24 Scutellum mostly orange, with extreme caudal tip iridescent green (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FCF9FDF6C1BCFD7C" box="[829,901,634,657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[151,187,1661,1680]" captionTargetId="figure-15@5.[59,1437,106,1920]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Fig. 1: Examples of Australian Scutelleridae species and their host plant species (a) adult aggregation of Calliphara regalis (b) Cantao parentum on Mallotus philippensis (c) Choerocoris paganus on Dodonaea viscoca (d) Lampromicra senator on unidentified host plant (e) Scutiphora pedicellata on unidentified host plant (f) Tectocoris diophthalmus on Brachychiton acerifolius." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13713961" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13713961/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Figs 1a</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FC55FDF6C180FD7C" box="[913,953,634,657]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">19b</figureCitation>
); dorsum with moderately deep punctation; abdominal pregenital venter mostly iridescent green, laterally red to orange-red, rugose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FDB3FC8CC0F4FCFA" box="[631,717,768,791]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21b</figureCitation>
); posterolateral angles of abdominal SIV-SVI spinose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FC8EFCAEC1A4FCD4" box="[842,925,802,825]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21b</figureCitation>
)................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA6FF84FCC3FCC8C1FCFCB6" box="[775,965,836,859]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imperialis">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA6FF84FCC3FCC8C1FCFCB6" box="[775,965,836,859]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Calliphara imperialis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8B963699FFA6FF84FDD0FCFCC1FDFB7E" blockId="25.[532,966,110,1917]" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
<keyLead id="30D895ACFFA6FF84FDD0FCFCC1FDFB7E" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">
– Scutellum broadly bicoloured, anterior 1/2 orange to orange-red, remainder iridescent dark blue, with w-shaped anterior outline (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FD47FC58C0E3FC06" box="[643,730,980,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="59.[60,96,1451,1470]" captionTargetBox="[63,967,110,1427]" captionTargetId="figure-485@59.[62,968,105,1435]" captionTargetPageId="59" captionText="Fig. 19: Habitus of Australian Calliphara species (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta, Oi (b) Calliphara imperialis, Oi (c) Calliphara nobilis, Oi (d) Calliphara regalis, Oi. Scale bar = 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714011" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714011/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 19a</figureCitation>
); dorsum with shallow punctation; abdominal pregenital venter orange, laterally smooth (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FCF4FB94C1BFFBC2" box="[816,902,1048,1071]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
); posterolateral angles of abdominal SIV-SVII spinose (
<figureCitation id="13122A1CFFA6FF84FD44FBD7C0EAFB9F" box="[640,723,1115,1138]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="62.[1089,1125,1657,1676]" captionTargetBox="[160,1523,110,1623]" captionTargetId="figure-181@62.[150,1528,105,1641]" captionTargetPageId="62" captionText="Fig. 21: Colouration of Abdominal Venter in Australian Scutellerinae (a) Calliphara dimidiata cruenta (b) Calliphara imperialis (c) Calliphara nobilis (d) Calliscyta stalii (e) Cantao parentum (f) Lampromicra aerea (g) Lampromicra regia (h) Lampromicra senator (i) Scutiphora pedicellata." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13714017" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13714017/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Fig. 21a</figureCitation>
)...........................
<taxonomicName id="4C294D1AFFA6FF84FD7AFBF0C1FDFB7E" box="[702,964,1148,1171]" class="Insecta" family="Scutelleridae" genus="Calliphara" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="300" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="dimidiata" subSpecies="cruenta">
<emphasis id="B95DEA8BFFA6FF84FD7AFBF0C1FDFB7E" box="[702,964,1148,1171]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="300">Calliphara dimidiata cruenta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</keyLead>
</paragraph>
</keyStep>
</key>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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