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<document id="B4C927C7E7C801C445B161B45C5C9EA7" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188483" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e8d4162-2f6f-45f6-be6d-a88dac46a1cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188483" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461093921016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Janussen, Dorte &amp; Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2009" docId="434A87A6FFBBFFDFFF53FF14FE5389EA" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02136p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2136" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Lophocalyx topsenti Janussen &amp; Reiswig, 2009, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="15" masterDocId="BF73FFDEFFB1FFD1FFC4FF83FFBC8B68" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="11" updateTime="1698588742430" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="A9DBEAFD9E7F7D7D42CF89D477EA5969" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="6A73CF45E722ABAA5714F87B081B20E1">Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:namePart id="A0A419756EAD7B1D42A80D6692AC36DA">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F2210BF23BC927F51F757B2BE639597E">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="993E20D2325BD5FF77C910ED7C99FC17">2009</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="B69954BFF4B74FFD4953149703F3ECF3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="81C5330420EA82B4B976ABB6A7BFEFB0">2136</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="51ED588AD471E9091EE19EB2E1B011B4" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.188483</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3F9704A44B835CCAFF65746DB96BC659" type="GBIF-Dataset">2e8d4162-2f6f-45f6-be6d-a88dac46a1cf</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="B353533B1D60864F0918552280ED5C0C" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="434A87A6FFBBFFDFFF53FF14FE5389EA" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611964" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611964" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:434A87A6FFBBFFDFFF53FF14FE5389EA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/434A87A6FFBBFFDFFF53FF14FE5389EA" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE288BBC" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE688BD9" blockId="10.[151,468,151,212]" box="[151,468,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<heading id="901481DCFFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE688BD9" bold="true" box="[151,468,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE688BD9" bold="true" box="[151,468,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE368BD9" ID-CoL="3W2PS" box="[151,394,151,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFF53FF14FE368BD9" bold="true" box="[151,394,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lophocalyx topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFBBFFDBFE56FF14FE688BD9" box="[402,468,151,177]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBBFFDBFF53FF39FE288BBC" blockId="10.[151,468,151,212]" box="[151,404,186,212]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
(
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBBFFDBFF5BFF39FF4D8BBC" box="[159,241,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
&amp;
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBBFFDBFED2FF39FE9B8BBC" box="[278,295,186,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">7</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFBBFFDBFEF7FF39FE368BBC" box="[307,394,186,212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,241,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1916]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp., from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in µm unless otherwise noted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9">Table 3</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFBBFFDBFF53FE8BFE718962" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBBFFDBFF53FE8BFE718962" blockId="10.[151,1437,263,522]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
Material examined:
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFE46FE8BFDD38A49" box="[386,623,264,289]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFE46FE8BFDD38A49" box="[386,623,264,289]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lophocalyx topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFDB1FE84FD0B8A49" bold="true" box="[629,695,263,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFBBFFDBFDB1FE84FD0B8A49" box="[629,695,263,289]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
,
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBBFFDBFD01FE8BFC898A4A" box="[709,821,264,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFBBFFDBFC84FE8BFCC78A4A" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[832,891,264,290]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">SMF</collectionCode>
10606,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFBBFFDBFC1DFE8BFBCD8A4A" box="[985,1137,264,290]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">ANDEEP III</collectionCode>
Exped., R.V. 'Polarstern', stn PS67/142-6, Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFE3BFEADFDC08A20" box="[511,636,302,328]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBBFFDBFE3BFEADFDC08A20" box="[511,636,302,328]" name="Antarctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF5D1070FFBBFFDBFD4CFEADFC968A20" box="[648,810,302,328]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2005-03-18">18 Mar. 2005</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFCF3FEADFC068A20" box="[823,954,302,328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="-62.1655">62°09.93'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFC03FEADFBE88A20" box="[967,1108,302,328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="-49.50783">49°30.47'W</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFBBEFEADFB428A20" box="[1146,1278,302,328]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="-62.163334">62°09.80'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFACFFEADFA248A20" box="[1291,1432,302,328]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="9" value="-49.509834">49°30.59'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBBFFDBFF53FED6FE818A07" box="[151,317,341,367]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4035" metricValueMax="3.404" metricValueMin="3.403" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3403.5" valueMax="3404.0" valueMin="3403.0">3403–3404 m</quantity>
, ethanol.
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBBFFDBFE74FED6FDA78A07" box="[432,539,341,367]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
:
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFBBFFDBFDE3FED6FDD98A07" box="[551,613,341,367]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/7sv4-pazk" name="Royal Saskatchewan Museum" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">RSM</collectionCode>
1921.143.1389, Scottish National
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBBFFDBFBC6FED6FBCC8A07" box="[1026,1136,341,367]" name="Antarctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
Exped., R.V. 'Scotia', stn 313, Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFEB8FEFFFE418AFE" box="[380,509,380,406]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBBFFDBFEB8FEFFFE418AFE" box="[380,509,380,406]" name="Antarctica" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF5D1070FFBBFFDBFDCDFEFFFD138AFE" box="[521,687,380,406]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1903-03-18">18 Mar. 1903</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFD78FEFFFCA28AFE" box="[700,798,380,406]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-62.166668">62°10'S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFCEFFEFFFC298AFE" box="[811,917,380,406]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-41.333332">41°20'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBBFFDBFC66FEFFFBBD8AFE" box="[930,1025,380,406]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.247" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3247.0">3247 m</quantity>
, ethanol (reported as
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFACCFEFFFF468AD3" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFACCFEFFFF468AD3" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calycosoma validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBBFFDBFEECFE21FE658AD4" author="Topsent" box="[296,473,418,444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E. 1910., Les Hexasterophora recueillies par la &quot; Scotia &quot; dans l'Antarctique. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco (166), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1910">Topsent, 1910</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBBFFDBFE23FE21FD958AD4" author="Topsent" box="[487,553,418,444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E., 1913. Spongiaires de l'expedition Antarctique nationale Ecossaise. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 49 (pt 3) (No. 9), 579 - 643 + 6 plates." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
). Comparative material:
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFC9FFE21FBE08AD3" box="[859,1116,418,443]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFC9FFE21FBE08AD3" box="[859,1116,418,443]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Calycosoma validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBBFFDBFBA9FE21FB678AD4" box="[1133,1243,418,444]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFBBFFDBFB2DFE21FAFC8AD4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1257,1344,418,444]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USNM</collectionCode>
0 4761,
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBBFFDBFF53FE4AFF718A8B" box="[151,205,457,483]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">U.S.</collectingCountry>
F.C.S. 'Albatross', stn 2573, George's Bank, SE of Massachusetts,
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBBFFDBFBC2FE4AFBFA8A8B" box="[1030,1094,457,483]" name="United States of America" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">USA</collectingCountry>
, 0
<date id="BF5D1070FFBBFFDBFBA7FE4AFB458A8B" box="[1123,1273,457,483]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1885-09-02">2 Sep. 1885</date>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFAC3FE4AFA248A8B" box="[1287,1432,457,483]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="15" value="40.571667">40º34'18&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFBBFFDBFF53FE73FF478962" box="[151,251,496,522]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" precision="925" value="-66.15">66º09'W</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBBFFDBFEC3FE73FEDF8962" box="[263,355,496,522]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.186" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" unit="m" value="3186.0">3186 m</quantity>
, ethanol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFBBFFDBFF53F895FE428CD0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" targetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" targetPageId="10">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBBFFDBFF53F895FE428CD0" blockId="10.[151,1437,1814,1976]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFF53F895FEA58C46" bold="true" box="[151,281,1814,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">FIGURE 6.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBBFFDBFEE4F894FE4B8C46" box="[288,503,1815,1838]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFEE4F894FE4B8C46" box="[288,503,1815,1838]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Lophocalyx topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBBFFDBFDC0F895FDFC8C46" bold="true" box="[516,576,1814,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFBBFFDBFDC0F895FDFC8C46" box="[516,576,1814,1838]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFBAFFDAFF53FBFEFEA28EEF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" targetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBAFFDAFF53FBFEFEA28EEF" blockId="11.[151,1437,1149,1415]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBAFFDAFF53FBFEFEA68FFD" bold="true" box="[151,282,1149,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">FIGURE 7.</emphasis>
Spicules of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBAFFDAFE65FBFEFDC68FFC" box="[417,634,1149,1172]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBAFFDAFE65FBFEFDC68FFC" box="[417,634,1149,1172]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Lophocalyx topsenti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBAFFDAFD4CFBFEFD798FFD" bold="true" box="[648,709,1149,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFBAFFDAFD4CFBFEFD798FFD" box="[648,709,1149,1173]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFBAFFDCFF02FA3AFC518E57" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBAFFDAFF02FA3AFE1B8D8A" blockId="11.[151,1437,1465,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBAFFDAFF02FA3AFEDD8EBB" bold="true" box="[198,353,1465,1491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Description:</emphasis>
The
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBAFFDAFE59FA3AFDBF8EBB" box="[413,515,1465,1491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of the new species, when inspected in
<date id="BF5D1070FFBAFFDAFC0DFA3AFBFD8EBB" box="[969,1089,1465,1491]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="2006-06">June 2006</date>
before partial dissection, was a small, intact, tubular sponge
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFE3AFA63FDED8E92" box="[510,593,1504,1530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.1" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="31.0">31 mm</quantity>
tall and
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFD72FA63FCB48E92" box="[694,776,1504,1530]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
in diameter, with a terminal osculum
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFB01FA63FAB68E92" box="[1221,1290,1504,1530]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
in diameter, without marginalia, with wall thickness of
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFD4FF985FD6C8D48" box="[651,720,1542,1568]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
(
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBAFFDAFD1BF985FC998D48" box="[735,805,1542,1568]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
A). Several prostal diactins project obliquely upwards up to
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFF19F9AEFE9E8D2F" box="[221,290,1581,1607]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="9.0">9 mm</quantity>
from the body surface but hypodermal spicules are not raised to form a veil; groups of broken basalia project from irregular lobes of the lower body surface. The lateral surface is generally smooth to the naked eye, but, when magnified, is irregular with low conules; entrances to inhalant canals are evident through the surface lattice. The sponge is soft and pliable; color is olive brown, the same as the bottom “green-mud” substrate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBAFFDAFF02F96CFDB78C99" blockId="11.[151,1437,1465,2033]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">
The
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBAFFDAFEC6F96CFED68C61" box="[258,362,1775,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, when surveyed
<date id="BF5D1070FFBAFFDAFD85F96CFCEB8C61" box="[577,855,1775,1801]" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" value="1996-02" valueMax="1996-05-31" valueMin="1996-02-00">February – May 1996</date>
, consisted of 17 wet fragments,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBAFFDAFB3EF96CFAC48C61" box="[1274,1400,1775,1801]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="11" pageNumber="12" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5–3 mm</quantity>
in thickness, the remnants of the original six fragments reported by
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBAFFDAFC52F896FBF78C47" author="Topsent" box="[918,1099,1813,1839]" pageId="11" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E., 1913. Spongiaires de l'expedition Antarctique nationale Ecossaise. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 49 (pt 3) (No. 9), 579 - 643 + 6 plates." type="book chapter" year="1913">Topsent (1913)</bibRefCitation>
, as probably stemming from a single large cup-shaped specimen (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBAFFDAFD88F8BFFD288C3E" box="[588,660,1852,1878]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
B). Both surfaces of most fragments retain the fine spicule lattice spanning over the apertures of inhalant and exhalant canals as outlined by the choanosomal diactin bundles. Intact and broken diactins projected from one surface of most fragments, but hypodermalia were not found above the lattices of free spicules. All fragments were somewhat stiff and brittle, due to extensive but tenuous fusion of megascleres (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBAFFDAFE62F854FE5A8C99" box="[422,486,2007,2033]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="12">Fig.6</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" ID-Table-UUID="9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1916]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="12">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" blockId="12.[151,1436,151,209]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FEB28BC7" bold="true" box="[151,270,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">TABLE 3.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBDFFDDFDD0FF1BFD478BC7" box="[532,763,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBDFFDDFDD0FF1BFD4A8BC7" box="[532,758,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti" status="sp. nov.">Lophocalyx topsenti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBDFFDDFCC7FF14FCFD8BC7" bold="true" box="[771,833,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="E2A457D9FFBDFFDDFCC7FF14FCFD8BC7" box="[771,833,151,175]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
, from the Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBDFFDDFB94FF1BFB7F8BC7" box="[1104,1219,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="12" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
(dimensions in µm unless otherwise noted).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBDFFDDFDDBFF6EFAC48C14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<table id="B9E3C410FFBD002EFF53FF6EFA208C14" box="[151,1436,237,1916]" gridcols="3" gridrows="26" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FF6EFA208A6C" box="[151,1436,237,260]" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFF6EFC3B8A6C" box="[543,903,237,260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Holotype SMF 10606</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FF6EFA208A6C" box="[995,1436,237,260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Paratype RSM 1921.143.1389</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FE9BFA208A31" box="[151,1436,280,345]" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FE9BFE058A31" box="[151,441,280,345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">parameter Anchorate hypodermalia</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFE9BFC3B8A31" box="[543,903,280,345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mean st. dev. range n</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FE9BFA208A31" box="[995,1436,280,345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">mean st. dev. range n.</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FEEEFA208AEC" box="[151,1436,365,388]" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FEEEFE058AEC" box="[151,441,365,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFEEEFC3B8AEC" box="[543,903,365,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">242 38 146–292 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FEEEFA208AEC" box="[995,1436,365,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">196 22 149–256 77</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FE1BFA208AB1" box="[151,1436,408,473]" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FE1BFE058AB1" box="[151,441,408,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tangential ray width proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFE1BFC3B8AB1" box="[543,903,408,473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">21.6 5.4 12.8–32.1 25 1.62 0.59 0.86–2.47 18</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FE1BFA208AB1" box="[995,1436,408,473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">27.8 3.6 16.8–33.6 30 * * * *</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FE6EFA20896C" box="[151,1436,493,516]" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FE6EFE05896C" box="[151,441,493,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFE6EFC3B896C" box="[543,903,493,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">25.0 4.8 13.9–33.9 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FE6EFA20896C" box="[995,1436,493,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">28.6 4.0 16.8–37.3 56</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FD9BFA208914" box="[151,1436,536,636]" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FD9BFE058914" box="[151,441,536,636]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Regular hypodermalia tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFD9BFC3B8914" box="[543,903,536,636]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">592 33 354–1,15 25 6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FD9BFA208914" box="[995,1436,536,636]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">636 133 457–1,534 122</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FD13FA2089B9" box="[151,1436,656,721]" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FD13FE0589B9" box="[151,441,656,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tangential ray width proximal ray length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFD13FC3B89B9" box="[543,903,656,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">23.2 3.7 17.1–36.9 25 1.24 0.19 0.93–2.05 50</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FD13FA2089B9" box="[995,1436,656,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">25.5 4.2 14.1–33.6 37 1.32 0.32 0.78–2.67 46</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FD66FA208994" box="[151,1436,741,764]" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FD66FE058994" box="[151,441,741,764]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFD66FC3B8994" box="[543,903,741,764]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">24.3 3.2 18.2–34.6 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FD66FA208994" box="[995,1436,741,764]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">26.3 3.9 17.9–34.2 27</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FC93FA208839" box="[151,1436,784,849]" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FC93FE058839" box="[151,441,784,849]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Dermal pinular hexactin distal pinular ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFC93FC3B8839" box="[543,903,784,849]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">107 24 71–160 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FC93FA208839" box="[995,1436,784,849]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">122 25 66–185 91</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FCE6FA208814" box="[151,1436,869,892]" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FCE6FE058814" box="[151,441,869,892]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFCE6FC3B8814" box="[543,903,869,892]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9.6 1.2 6.9–11.8 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FCE6FA208814" box="[995,1436,869,892]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">12.3 1.8 9.9–15.8 25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FC13FA2088B9" box="[151,1436,912,977]" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FC13FE0588B9" box="[151,441,912,977]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">tangential ray length ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFC13FC3B88B9" box="[543,903,912,977]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">132 17 100–162 25 7.7 1.5 5.4–11.8 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FC13FA2088B9" box="[995,1436,912,977]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">143 1.8 99–181 131 11.9 1.9 8.2–16.3 28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FC66FA208894" box="[151,1436,997,1020]" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FC66FE058894" box="[151,441,997,1020]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFC66FC3B8894" box="[543,903,997,1020]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">87 15 68–112 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FC66FA208894" box="[995,1436,997,1020]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">99 20 34–143 80</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FB93FA208F39" box="[151,1436,1040,1105]" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FB93FE058F39" box="[151,441,1040,1105]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ray width Atrial pinular hexactin</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFB93FC3B8F39" box="[543,903,1040,1105]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">8.0 1.3 5.9–10.9 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FB93FA208F39" box="[995,1436,1040,1105]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">11.6 1.8 8.0–16.0 25</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FBE6FA208F14" box="[151,1436,1125,1148]" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FBE6FE058F14" box="[151,441,1125,1148]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">distal pinular ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFBE6FC3B8F14" box="[543,903,1125,1148]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">396 165 105–687 49</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FBE6FA208F14" box="[995,1436,1125,1148]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">337 170 99–736 50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FB13FA208FB9" box="[151,1436,1168,1233]" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FB13FE058FB9" box="[151,441,1168,1233]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ray width tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFB13FC3B8FB9" box="[543,903,1168,1233]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13.0 5.2 5.1–24.5 56 401 152 124–759 66</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FB13FA208FB9" box="[995,1436,1168,1233]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13.6 4.4 8.2–27.3 32 312 151 120–613 71</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FB66FA208F94" box="[151,1436,1253,1276]" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FB66FE058F94" box="[151,441,1253,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFB66FC3B8F94" box="[543,903,1253,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14.5 5.5 5.8–28.8 64</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FB66FA208F94" box="[995,1436,1253,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">14.1 4.6 7.5–24.0 43</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FA93FA208E39" box="[151,1436,1296,1361]" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FA93FE058E39" box="[151,441,1296,1361]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">proximal ray length ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFA93FC3B8E39" box="[543,903,1296,1361]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">320 261 70–865 50 12.7 4.5 4.8–21.5 55</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FA93FA208E39" box="[995,1436,1296,1361]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">214 290 57–1,042 50 12.3 4.5 5.9–23.9 47</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FAE6FA208E14" box="[151,1436,1381,1404]" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FAE6FE058E14" box="[151,441,1381,1404]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Large principal hexactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FA13FA208EB9" box="[151,1436,1424,1489]" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FA13FE058EB9" box="[151,441,1424,1489]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">ray length ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFA13FC3B8EB9" box="[543,903,1424,1489]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">709 165 502–911 7 25.9 4.1 21.2–32.0 7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FA13FA208EB9" box="[995,1436,1424,1489]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">1,098 424 261–2,824 108 33.2 4.2 21.2–41.2 30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53FA66FA208E94" box="[151,1436,1509,1532]" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53FA66FE058E94" box="[151,441,1509,1532]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Thick diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBFA66FC3B8E94" box="[543,903,1509,1532]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">9.8 2.5 7.9–18.5 16</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27FA66FA208E94" box="[995,1436,1509,1532]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">15.9 6.1 6.6–33.0 28</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F993FA208D39" box="[151,1436,1552,1617]" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F993FE058D39" box="[151,441,1552,1617]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">width Thin diactin length (mm)</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF993FC3B8D39" box="[543,903,1552,1617]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">39.5 14.1 24.8–76.4 28 3.1 1.1 1.2–5.5 27</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F993FA208D39" box="[995,1436,1552,1617]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">75 33 23–140 134 4.9 2.2 1.7–9.4 30</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F9E6FA208D14" box="[151,1436,1637,1660]" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F9E6FE058D14" box="[151,441,1637,1660]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF9E6FC3B8D14" box="[543,903,1637,1660]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">12.6 3.7 6.5–20.9 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F9E6FA208D14" box="[995,1436,1637,1660]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">13.8 3.8 6.7–24.0 51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F913FA208DB9" box="[151,1436,1680,1745]" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F913FE058DB9" box="[151,441,1680,1745]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Oxyhexaster diameter primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF913FC3B8DB9" box="[543,903,1680,1745]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">170 12 152–197 25 5.3 0.9 3.3–6.7 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F913FA208DB9" box="[995,1436,1680,1745]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">151 18 64–193 100 6.4 1.2 3.9–10.0 32</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F966FA208D94" box="[151,1436,1765,1788]" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F966FE058D94" box="[151,441,1765,1788]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF966FC3B8D94" box="[543,903,1765,1788]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">80.0 5.8 70.1–94.9 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F966FA208D94" box="[995,1436,1765,1788]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">71.5 6.7 55.0–84.6 33</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F893FA208C39" box="[151,1436,1808,1873]" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F893FE058C39" box="[151,441,1808,1873]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">Plumicome diameter primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF893FC3B8C39" box="[543,903,1808,1873]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">71.6 7.6 51.3–82.7 25 13.2 1.5 10.2–15.8 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F893FA208C39" box="[995,1436,1808,1873]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">65.3 8.5 43.2–82.8 110 14.0 1.1 11.2–18.2 101</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFBD002EFF53F8E6FA208C14" box="[151,1436,1893,1916]" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
<th id="36025D8EFFBD002EFF53F8E6FE058C14" box="[151,441,1893,1916]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFDDBF8E6FC3B8C14" box="[543,903,1893,1916]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">27.5 3.8 16.7–32.0 25</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFBD002EFC27F8E6FA208C14" box="[995,1436,1893,1916]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">23.8 4.1 13.0–33.6 101</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBDFFDCFF53F823FCAB888C" blockId="12.[151,551,1952,1975]" lastBlockId="13.[151,1437,186,2000]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="14" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">
* no intact spicules of this
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBDFFDDFE71F823FE5F8CDF" box="[437,483,1952,1975]" pageId="12" pageNumber="13">type</typeStatus>
found Megascleres (dimensions given in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFBCFFDCFDB0FF39FD6D8BBC" box="[628,721,186,212]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,241,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1916]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp., from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in µm unless otherwise noted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9">Table 3</tableCitation>
) consist of hypodermal anchorate pentactins, hypodermal regular pentactins, pinular hexactine dermalia, pinular hexactine atrialia, large choanosomal hexactins and thick choanosomal diactins as principalia (and as lateral prostalia for the diactins), and thin choanosomal diactins. Anchorate hypodermalia (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFDFFFEA9FD338A2C" box="[571,655,298,324]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
C, 7A) are generally smooth with the crucially-arrayed tangential rays bent abruptly back 70–90° near their mid-points; ray tips are parabolic-rounded or bullet-shape and only the proximal ray tip is sometimes roughened near its end. Regular hypodermal pentactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFB37FEF6FA808AE7" box="[1267,1340,373,399]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B) have straight, crucially-arrayed, tangential rays, smooth except for roughening at ray ends; neither these nor the anchorate forms are erected above the lateral surfaces. Occasional hypodermalia (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFB91FE43FB278AB2" box="[1109,1179,448,474]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
B) are mixtures of the regular and anchorate
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBCFFDCFE6FFE66FE538A97" box="[427,495,485,511]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">types</typeStatus>
, with some straight rays and some shorter bent rays. Dermalia (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFAC2FE66FAEC8A97" box="[1286,1360,485,511]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
C) are almost exclusively pinular rough hexactins with the distal ray differing from the others in thickness and density and size of its proclined spines; the pinular ray is generally shorter than the tangentials but longer than the proximal ray. The pinular ray tip is cylindric with a blunt tip while the other rays are tapered and end in sharply pointed tips. Atrialia (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFDC2FDF9FDF389FC" box="[518,591,634,660]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
D) are rough pinular hexactins of much larger size range and slighter spination than the dermalia; in smaller forms the distal pinular ray (extending into atrial cavity) is the longest ray; in larger spicules of this
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBCFFDCFE3CFD46FD9789B7" box="[504,555,709,735]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
the proximal ray may be increased disproportionately and become larger than all other rays, while spination of the entire spicule is reduced or entirely lost. Large choanosomal hexactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFEDCFC93FEE38842" box="[280,351,784,810]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
E) with straight rays sometimes have one very short and distally heavily spined ray. Thick diactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFEC1FCB6FEF18827" box="[261,333,821,847]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
F) serve as primary choanosomal and prostal spicules; they are slightly curved, and smooth except for fine spination just before the smooth rounded or bullet-shape spicule tips; they have no swelling at the spicule center. Occasional orthodiactins or L-form thick diactins occur. Thin choanosomal diactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFAA8FC03FF1988D7" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="11.[151,255,1149,1173]" captionTargetBox="[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[164,1422,184,1125]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURE 7. Spicules of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. holotype (SMF 10606). A. Anchorate hypodermal pentactin in end and side views with magnified tangential ray tip. B. Regular hypodermal pentactin in end and lateral view with enlargement of tangential ray end. C. Pinular hexactine dermalium with enlargements of pinular and tangential rays. D. Pinular hexactine atrialium with enlargements of pinular, tangential and proximal ray ends. E. Large choanosomal hexactin with alternate forms of short ray. F. Thick diactin with enlargments of two ends. G. Thin choanosomal diactin with enlargements of variety of ends. H. Oxyhexaster with enlargement of a terminal ray end. I. Oxyhexactin. J. Strobiloplumicome in optical section with rays perpendicular to the page omitted, with enlargement of one primary and terminal ray." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188490/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
G) occur in bundles; they are mostly smooth, with rounded to parabolic and occasionally inflated roughened tips and usually a slight swelling at the spicular center.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBCFFDCFF02FC73FC518E57" blockId="13.[151,1437,186,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
Microscleres (dimensions given in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFBCFFDCFD9BFC73FD0A8F62" box="[607,694,1008,1034]" captionStart="TABLE 3" captionStartId="12.[151,241,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1916]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 3. Spicule dimensions of Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp., from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in µm unless otherwise noted)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFBDFFDDFF53FF14FE268BB9">Table 3</tableCitation>
) consist of oxyhexasters, hemioxyhexasters, rare oxyhexactins, and strobiloplumicomes. Oxyhexasters and hemioxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFC02FB95FB9D8F58" box="[966,1057,1046,1072]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
E, 7H) are the most abundant microscleres; their short primary rays each bear 1–3 thin straight terminals; the thick primary rays are smooth while the terminal rays are covered with very fine recurved thorns detectable in LM; rare oxyhexactins of the same size occur among this spicule category (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFD0DFB09FCA18FCC" box="[713,797,1162,1188]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
F,
<date id="BF5D1070FFBCFFDCFCF8FB09FCE58FCC" box="[828,857,1162,1188]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">7I</date>
). Strobiloplumicomes (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFBCFFDCFBB3FB09FB778FCC" box="[1143,1227,1162,1188]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="10.[151,255,1814,1838]" captionTargetBox="[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[165,1421,579,1789]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 6. Lophocalyx topsenti, n. sp. A. Holotype deck photo (SMF 10606). B. Paratype, part of the fragments (RSM 1921.143.1389). C. Anchorate hypodermalia from the holotype (left) and paratype (right). D. Fusion of megascleres of the paratype. E. Oxyhexaster (SEM). F. Oxyhexactin (SEM). G. Strobiloplumicome centrum (SEM). H. Whole strobiloplumicome ensnared in oxyhexasters (SEM). I. Magnified view of terminal rays of strobiloplumicome (SEM). (All microscleres from holotype)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188489/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Figs. 6</figureCitation>
G–I, 7J) are very common only in dermal and atrial surface tissues; primary rays bear a subterminal spherical inflation from which originate 3–5 whorls of sickle-shaped terminal rays of a series of different lengths, each of which is ornamented with two rows of spines on their distal concave (inner) surface; the pegs of the primary rays extending beyond the swelling are smooth and terminate in rounded tips.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFBCFFDCFF02FAC8FD9C8EE4" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBCFFDCFF02FAC8FD9C8EE4" blockId="13.[151,1437,186,2000]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF02FAC8FEEB8E0D" bold="true" box="[198,343,1355,1381]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Etymology:</emphasis>
The species is named in honor of the eminent spongologist, Professor Emile Topsent, who originally described the
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBCFFDCFE77FAF1FDA08EE4" box="[435,540,1394,1420]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFBCFFDFFF02FA1BFE5389EA" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBCFFDFFF02FA1BFB6B8B97" blockId="13.[151,1437,186,2000]" lastBlockId="14.[151,1437,152,642]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="15" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF02FA1BFEFE8EDA" bold="true" box="[198,322,1432,1458]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Remarks:</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBCFFDCFE8EFA1AFE498EDB" author="Topsent" box="[330,501,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E. 1910., Les Hexasterophora recueillies par la &quot; Scotia &quot; dans l'Antarctique. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco (166), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1910">Topsent (1910</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBCFFDCFDC5FA1AFD818EDB" author="Topsent" box="[513,573,1433,1459]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E., 1913. Spongiaires de l'expedition Antarctique nationale Ecossaise. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 49 (pt 3) (No. 9), 579 - 643 + 6 plates." type="book chapter" year="1913">1913</bibRefCitation>
) was very clear in his original description of the 'Scotia' specimen, that it differed from Schulze's
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFE06FA43FD7A8EB1" box="[450,710,1472,1497]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFE06FA43FD7A8EB1" box="[450,710,1472,1497]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calycosoma validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in several aspects, the most notable being the presence of anchorate hypodermalia (absent in
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFD8BFA64FD648D68" box="[591,728,1511,1536]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFD8BFA64FD648D68" box="[591,728,1511,1536]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
) and the absence of pentactine dermalia (abundant in
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFA44FA64FF498D4E" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFA44FA64FF498D4E" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). He nonetheless attributed these features to malformations and individualistic variation, and assigned the
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFF06F9B7FE938D26" box="[194,303,1588,1614]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimen to
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFE0DF9B7FDF48D25" box="[457,584,1588,1613]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFE0DF9B7FDF48D25" box="[457,584,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBCFFDCFD93F9B7FC368D26" author="Barthel" box="[599,906,1588,1614]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Barthel, D., Tendal, O. S., 1994. Antarctic Hexactinellida. Theses Zoologicae vol. 23, Ed., R. Fricke; Synopses of the Antarctic Benthos vol. 6. Eds., J. W. Wagele &amp; J. Sieg, Koeltx Scientific Books, Champaign, Ill., 154 p." type="book" year="1994">Barthel and Tendal (1994)</bibRefCitation>
accepted these obvious discrepancies and rediagnosed
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFEDCF9D8FE108D1C" box="[280,428,1627,1652]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFEDCF9D8FE108D1C" box="[280,428,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calycosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFE23F9D8FDD78D1C" box="[487,619,1627,1652]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFE23F9D8FDD78D1C" box="[487,619,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to include features of both the N Atlantic and
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFB64F9D9FAB38D1C" box="[1184,1295,1626,1652]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimens.
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBCFFDCFF53F902FE3D8DF3" author="Tabachnick" box="[151,385,1665,1691]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Tabachnick, K. R., 2002 b. Family Rossellidae Schulze, 1885. in J. N. A. Hooper and R. W. M. Van Soest (eds.), Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges., Klewer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 1441 - 1505." type="book chapter" year="2002" yearSuffix="b">Tabachnick (2002b)</bibRefCitation>
was the first reviewer to act in moving Topsent's
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFC00F902FB8D8DF3" box="[964,1073,1665,1691]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimen from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFB29F902FAC28DF2" box="[1261,1406,1665,1690]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFB29F902FAC28DF2" box="[1261,1406,1665,1690]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calycosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
to
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFF53F92BFE9E8DA9" box="[151,290,1704,1729]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF53F92BFE9E8DA9" box="[151,290,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lophocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but suggested no species name.
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBCFFDCFD75F92BFC638DAA" box="[689,991,1704,1730]" pageId="13" pageNumber="20" refString="Menshenina, L. L., Tabachnick, K. R., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., 2007. Revision of Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 and finding of Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 (six new species) in the Atlantic Ocean (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae). pp. 449 - 465 in: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G. (eds). 2007. Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro." type="book chapter">Menshenina et al. (2007)</bibRefCitation>
, in their re-diagnoses of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFACDF92BFA208DA9" box="[1289,1436,1704,1729]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFACDF92BFA208DA9" box="[1289,1436,1704,1729]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Calycosoma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFF0FF94CFEE58D80" box="[203,345,1743,1768]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF0FF94CFEE58D80" box="[203,345,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lophocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, noted once again the clear differences between Schulze's description of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFB25F94CFAD48D80" box="[1249,1384,1743,1768]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFB25F94CFAD48D80" box="[1249,1384,1743,1768]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Topsent's description of the
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFE19F976FDF68C67" box="[477,586,1781,1807]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimen and again stated that Topsent's specimen should be transferred to
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFF72F89FFEFC8C5D" box="[182,320,1820,1845]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF72F89FFEFC8C5D" box="[182,320,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lophocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
pending re-analysis of the
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFD42F89FFCB48C5D" box="[646,776,1820,1845]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFD42F89FFCB48C5D" box="[646,776,1820,1845]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBCFFDCFCD4F89FFCFF8C5E" box="[784,835,1820,1846]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
specimen. We have here examined both Schulze's
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBCFFDCFF53F8C1FF718C34" box="[151,205,1858,1884]" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">type</typeStatus>
specimen of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFEB3F8C0FDBC8C34" box="[375,512,1859,1884]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFEB3F8C0FDBC8C34" box="[375,512,1859,1884]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Topsent's original
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFCECF8C1FC218C34" box="[808,925,1858,1884]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimen, as well as a new specimen of
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFF53F8EAFE9C8CEA" box="[151,288,1897,1922]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFF53F8EAFE9C8CEA" box="[151,288,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Lophocalyx</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the Weddell Sea. We verify that the differences between
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBCFFDCFC3BF8EAFBC38CEA" box="[1023,1151,1897,1922]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Calycosoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="13" pageNumber="14" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="validum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBCFFDCFC3BF8EAFBC38CEA" box="[1023,1151,1897,1922]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">C. validum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and Topsent's specimen are as repeatedly noted. There are no material differences between the new ANDEEP III specimen and Topsent's original
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFBCFFDCFEBBF835FE4F8CB8" box="[383,499,1974,2000]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="14">Antarctic</collectingCountry>
specimen, except for megasclere fusion which is absent in the former and extensive, but tenuous, in the latter. We chose to designate the new specimen as
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBFFFDFFB95FF1BFB048BDA" box="[1105,1208,152,178]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
of the new species because it was complete and intact, although the smaller of the two, and designate Topsent's specimen, although the larger specimen, as
<typeStatus id="14588812FFBFFFDFFDDCFF66FDC18B97" box="[536,637,229,255]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
because it was fragmentary and severely damaged.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFBFFFDFFF02FE8FFE5389EA" blockId="14.[151,1437,152,642]" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
No single feature distinguishes the new species,
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFCD2FE8FFC218A4D" box="[790,925,268,293]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFCD2FE8FFC248A4D" box="[790,920,268,293]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="topsenti">L. topsenti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
from the other members of the genus. Its pinular dermal hexactins separate it from the group with all or most dermalia as stauractins,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFB1CFEB1FE8F8A1B" authority="Gray, 1872" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1872" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="philippinensis">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFB1CFEB1FA278A23" box="[1240,1435,306,331]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. philippinensis</emphasis>
(Gray, 1872)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFE84FEDAFDCD8A1B" authority="Schulze, 1900" authorityName="Schulze" authorityYear="1900" box="[320,625,345,371]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="spinosa">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFE84FEDAFE078A1A" box="[320,443,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. spinosa</emphasis>
Schulze, 1900
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFD75FEDAFC658A1B" authority="Ijima, 1927" authorityName="Ijima" authorityYear="1927" box="[689,985,345,371]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="sululanus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFD75FEDAFCF88A1A" box="[689,836,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. sululanus</emphasis>
Ijima, 1927
</taxonomicName>
, and from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFB98FEDAFF688AF2" authority="Tabachnick, 1988" authorityName="Tabachnick" authorityYear="1988" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="moscalevia">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFB98FEDAFABF8A1A" box="[1116,1283,345,370]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. moscalevia</emphasis>
Tabachnick, 1988
</taxonomicName>
, which has partly dermal pentactins. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFCEAFE03FC138AF1" box="[814,943,384,409]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="biogassi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFCEAFE03FC138AF1" box="[814,943,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. biogassi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFC22FE03FBE38AF1" box="[998,1119,384,409]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="oregoni">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFC22FE03FBE38AF1" box="[998,1119,384,409]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. oregoni</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both of
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBFFFDFFB02FE03FF6A8AA8" author="Menshenina" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Menshenina, L. L., Tabachnick, K. R., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., 2007. Revision of Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 and finding of Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 (six new species) in the Atlantic Ocean (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae). pp. 449 - 465 in: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G. (eds). 2007. Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro." type="book chapter" year="2007">Menshenina et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
, in having no pentactin atrialia. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFCD1FE24FAB88AA8" authority="Menshenina et al., 2007" authorityName="Menshenina et al." authorityYear="2007" box="[789,1284,422,448]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pseudovalida">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFCD1FE24FC648AA8" box="[789,984,423,448]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. pseudovalida</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBFFFDFFC24FE25FAB88AA8" author="Menshenina" box="[992,1284,422,448]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Menshenina, L. L., Tabachnick, K. R., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., 2007. Revision of Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 and finding of Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 (six new species) in the Atlantic Ocean (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae). pp. 449 - 465 in: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G. (eds). 2007. Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro." type="book chapter" year="2007">
Menshenina et al.,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBFFFDFFB0CFE25FAB88AA8" box="[1224,1284,422,448]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.097779999999999" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="in" value="2007.0">2007</quantity>
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
in the much larger size of its choanosomal hexactins,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBFFFDFFD45FE4EFC928A8F" box="[641,814,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5499999999999998" metricValueMax="2.84" metricValueMin="0.26" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="1.5499999999999998" valueMax="2.84" valueMin="0.26">0.26–2.84 mm</quantity>
versus
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFBFFFDFFC4DFE4EFB898A8F" box="[905,1077,461,487]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.35" metricValueMax="5.3" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" unit="mm" value="0.335" valueMax="0.53" valueMin="0.14">0.14–0.53 mm</quantity>
in the latter. It differs from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFA40FE4EFE9D8965" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="atlantiensis">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFA40FE4EFE9D8965" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. atlantiensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFE98FE77FDBA8965" box="[348,518,500,525]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brasiliensis">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFE98FE77FDBA8965" box="[348,518,500,525]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. brasiliensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, both
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFBFFFDFFD97FE77FCCA8966" author="Menshenina" box="[595,886,500,526]" pageId="14" pageNumber="20" refString="Menshenina, L. L., Tabachnick, K. R., Lopes, D. A., Hajdu, E., 2007. Revision of Calycosoma Schulze, 1899 and finding of Lophocalyx Schulze, 1887 (six new species) in the Atlantic Ocean (Hexactinellida, Rossellidae). pp. 449 - 465 in: Custodio, M. R., Lobo-Hajdu, G., Hajdu, E., Muricy, G. (eds). 2007. Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Serie Livros 28, Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro." type="book chapter" year="2007">Menshenina et al., 2007</bibRefCitation>
, in form of its main oxyhexaster microscleres and the strongly reflected tangential rays of the anchorate hypodermalia which are only slightly or gradually recurved in those species. Finally, it clearly differs from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFBFFFDFFCF2FDC2FC6A8932" box="[822,982,577,602]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Rossellidae" genus="Lophocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="14" pageNumber="15" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="profundum">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFBFFFDFFCF2FDC2FC6A8932" box="[822,982,577,602]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="15">L. profundum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, described above, in having hexactine rather than diactine dermalia.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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