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<document id="5DA3BD6647BDBF6B21F1FCAC7B0F292F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.188483" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2e8d4162-2f6f-45f6-be6d-a88dac46a1cf" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="188483" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461093921016" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Janussen, Dorte &amp; Reiswig, Henry M." docDate="2009" docId="434A87A6FFB3FFD4FF53FB8FFEA08BB0" docLanguage="en" docName="zt02136p020.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 2136" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Malacosaccus coatsi Topsent 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="5" masterDocId="BF73FFDEFFB1FFD1FFC4FF83FFBC8B68" masterDocTitle="Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica" masterLastPageNumber="20" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="3" updateTime="1698588742430" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="A79B1A99B3919DCD89C30853665CDEC0">Hexactinellida (Porifera) from the ANDEEP III Expedition to the Weddell Sea, Antarctica</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="2FDFA558C13CB7BF514D4286EA9EBA08">Janussen, Dorte</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F8631684131AAEAF1734E68D56159548">Reiswig, Henry M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="51D6EE60E2FFCF330F3719CC220AE228">2009</mods:date>
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<treatment id="434A87A6FFB3FFD4FF53FB8FFEA08BB0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5611960" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119620071" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5611960" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:434A87A6FFB3FFD4FF53FB8FFEA08BB0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/434A87A6FFB3FFD4FF53FB8FFEA08BB0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFE798F20" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFDFE8F4D" blockId="2.[151,578,1035,1096]" box="[151,578,1035,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<heading id="901481DCFFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFDFE8F4D" bold="true" box="[151,578,1035,1062]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFDFE8F4D" ID-CoL="3XKTL" authority="Topsent, 1910" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1910" box="[151,578,1035,1062]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFDFE8F4D" bold="true" box="[151,578,1035,1062]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB3FFD3FF53FB8FFE338F4E" bold="true" box="[151,399,1036,1062]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Malacosaccus coatsi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFB3FFD3FE52FB88FDFE8F4D" author="Topsent" box="[406,578,1035,1061]" pageId="2" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E. 1910., Les Hexasterophora recueillies par la &quot; Scotia &quot; dans l'Antarctique. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco (166), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1910">Topsent, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD3FF53FBADFE798F20" blockId="2.[151,578,1035,1096]" box="[151,453,1070,1096]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
(
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FF5BFBADFF528F20" box="[159,238,1070,1096]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="3.[151,255,2003,2027]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,542,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[243,1345,542,1979]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Acoelocalyx brucei (SMF 10530). B. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn PS 67 / 121 - 7 (SMF 10521)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188484/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, 2 &amp; 3,
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB3FFD3FEA0FBADFE058F20" box="[356,441,1070,1096]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,240,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1412]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Malacosaccus coatsi, SMF 10702, from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7">Table 1</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB3FFD3FF53FBF8FD928E62" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD3FF53FBF8FD928E62" blockId="2.[151,1437,1147,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB3FFD3FF53FBF8FE338FFD" bold="true" box="[151,399,1147,1173]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Material examined:</emphasis>
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB3FFD3FE53FBFFFE6E8FFE" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[407,466,1148,1174]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMF</collectionCode>
10702,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB3FFD3FDF0FBFFFD6C8FFE" box="[564,720,1148,1174]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ANDEEP III</collectionCode>
, R.V. 'Polarstern' stn PS67/102-11, Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB3FFD3FADEFBFFFA248FFE" box="[1306,1432,1148,1174]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFB3FFD3FADEFBFFFA248FFE" box="[1306,1432,1148,1174]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
, 0
<date id="BF5D1070FFB3FFD3FF62FB21FE8B8FD4" box="[166,311,1186,1212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2005-03-06">6 Mar. 2005</date>
, 65°35.40'35.51'S, 36°29.00'28.83'W,
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;
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB3FFD3FC0CFB21FBDF8FD4" box="[968,1123,1186,1212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">ANDEEP III</collectionCode>
,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB3FFD3FBABFB21FB168FD4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[1135,1194,1186,1212]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMF</collectionCode>
10521,
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10703,
<collectionCode id="ADF2AE75FFB3FFD3FF53FB4AFF6F8F8B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" box="[151,211,1225,1251]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34838" name="Forschungsinstitut und Natur-Museum Senckenberg" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">SMF</collectionCode>
10704, R.V. 'Polarstern', stn PS67/121-7, Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB3FFD3FCBDFB4AFC468F8B" box="[889,1018,1225,1251]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="2" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">
<collectingCountry id="B3F47620FFB3FFD3FCBDFB4AFC468F8B" box="[889,1018,1225,1251]" name="Antarctica" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
</taxonomicName>
,
<date id="BF5D1070FFB3FFD3FBC2FB4AFB108F8B" box="[1030,1196,1225,1251]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" value="2005-03-14">14 Mar. 2005</date>
, 63°34.92'34.65'S, 50°41.97'41.68'W,
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.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB3FFD5FF02FA95FE568D30" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="description">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD3FF02FA95FA328D70" blockId="2.[151,1437,1147,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB3FFD3FF02FA95FEDD8E58" bold="true" box="[198,353,1302,1328]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Description:</emphasis>
Specimens were collected from two trawl stations, a single large nearly intact cup torn from the missing stalk (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FEB2FABEFE038E3F" box="[374,447,1341,1367]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A) from the first station and another specimen with stalk and root intact but with upper cup slightly damaged (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FE2BFAE7FD8D8E16" box="[495,561,1380,1406]" captionStart="FIGURE 1. A" captionStartId="3.[151,255,2003,2027]" captionTargetBox="[243,1345,542,1977]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[243,1345,542,1979]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. A. Acoelocalyx brucei (SMF 10530). B. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn PS 67 / 121 - 7 (SMF 10521)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188484/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
B) and two smaller fragments from the second station. The first specimen is
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FF77FA09FEBB8ECC" box="[179,263,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="91.0">91 mm</quantity>
tall,
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in diameter with a wall up to
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FCD7FA09FCDB8ECC" box="[787,871,1418,1444]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="25.0">25 mm</quantity>
in thickness. The second specimen is a stalked cup, total height
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FE9FFA32FE038EA3" box="[347,447,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.95" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="495.0">495 mm</quantity>
, upper cup width
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FD4BFA32FD4F8EA3" box="[655,755,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.34" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="234.0">234 mm</quantity>
, stalk
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FCF9FA32FC228EA3" box="[829,926,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.58" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="258.0">258 mm</quantity>
long by
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FBC0FA32FBEB8EA3" box="[1028,1111,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.1" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="41.0">41 mm</quantity>
diameter, root ball
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FAFFFA32FA208EA3" box="[1339,1436,1457,1483]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.52" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="152.0">152 mm</quantity>
diameter. The external surfaces of the upper body of both specimens are heavily mud-laden and woolly in appearance; the atrial surfaces are penetrated by apertures of exhalant canals,
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB3FFD3FBE2FA7DFB3B8D70" box="[1062,1159,1534,1560]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="1.0">18 mm</quantity>
in diameter (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FAE7FA7DFAD68D70" box="[1315,1386,1534,1560]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD3FF02F9A6FBD18C26" blockId="2.[151,1437,1147,2024]" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Megascleres of both specimens are were found to be essentially identical; only those of the first specimen (station 102-11) were examined in detail (measurements given in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB3FFD3FC63F9CFFC428D0E" box="[935,1022,1612,1638]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,240,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1412]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Malacosaccus coatsi, SMF 10702, from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7">Table 1</tableCitation>
). Dermalia and atrialia are pinular hexactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FED2F9F1FED58DE4" box="[278,361,1650,1676]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
B, 3A) with scale-like, distal-pointed spines on the long, smoothly tapered, inflated pinular ray. All other rays are smooth and cylindrical, with rounded or parabolic tips. Principalia are very large hexactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FED1F943FEE58DB2" box="[277,345,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1529,1553]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,422,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1423,422,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. Dermal pinular hexactin and enlargements of three ray ends. B. Hexactine principalium with enlargement of ray end. C. Pentactine principalium with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Floricome (two ray sets perpendicular to the page omitted) with enlargement of terminal ray tip. F. Series of one ray sets from floricome (right), floricoid discohexaster (center) and floricoid onychohexaster (left). G. Spiroxyhexaster (rare)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
B) and pentactins (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FDF2F943FDC78DB2" box="[566,635,1728,1754]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1529,1553]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,422,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1423,422,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. Dermal pinular hexactin and enlargements of three ray ends. B. Hexactine principalium with enlargement of ray end. C. Pentactine principalium with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Floricome (two ray sets perpendicular to the page omitted) with enlargement of terminal ray tip. F. Series of one ray sets from floricome (right), floricoid discohexaster (center) and floricoid onychohexaster (left). G. Spiroxyhexaster (rare)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188486/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
C), about equal in abundance. Their rays are smooth and cylindrical, terminating in rounded or slightly parabolic tips. Large triactins and stauractins are additionally present in the stalk of specimen 2; their rays are similar in form to the principalia of the body. No diactine megascleres are present and the only spines occurring are on the pinular ray of dermalia and atrialia.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB3FFD5FF02F8D9FF778BB9" blockId="2.[151,1437,1147,2024]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,209]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
Microscleres of both specimens include floricomes, discohexasters, and onychohexasters, but the two specimens differ in oxyhexasters, these being very abundant in the specimen from station 102-11, and absent in the specimen from station 121-7. Measurements of the former are given in
<tableCitation id="8661030BFFB3FFD3FB82F82BFB1D8CAA" box="[1094,1185,1960,1986]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="4.[151,240,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,237,1412]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="TABLE 1. Spicule dimensions of Malacosaccus coatsi, SMF 10702, from the Weddell Sea, Antarctica (dimensions in" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" tableUuid="9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7">Table 1</tableCitation>
. The relatively large oxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB3FFD3FE80F84DFE258C80" box="[324,409,1998,2024]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
C, 3F) have six short primary rays, each bearing 24 straight terminal rays which are smooth in LM and seen to bear sparse, very small spines in SEM. The moderately abundant floricomes (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB2FFD2FAACFF1BFF148BB0" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 2</figureCitation>
C, 3E &amp; F) have six short primary rays, each of which bear 29 s-shaped terminals ending in typical eccentric heads bearing 48 short claws. Primary rays are sparsely spined in SEM and terminal rays are densely covered in small recurved spines which are evident in LM. Discohexasters (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB2FFD2FB01FE8FFAA28A4E" box="[1221,1310,268,294]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
E, 3F) are floricoidal in form and often more slender, with six short primary rays each bearing 38 s-shaped terminal rays ending in complete discs with 48 marginal spines. They are ornamented like the true floricomes. Onychohexasters (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB2FFD2FEBDFE03FE718AF2" box="[377,461,384,410]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1580,1604]" captionTargetBox="[166,1420,271,1554]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[166,1420,271,1555]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 2. Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. View of upper body. B. Distal pinule ray of dermalium (SEM). C. Oxyhexaster (SEM). D. Floricome with tufts missing and enlargement of terminal ray tips (SEM). E. Floricoid discohexaster with enlargements of terminal ray tips (SEM). F. Broken onychohexaster with enlargement of terminal ray tip (SEM)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188485/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
F, 3F) are floricoid in form and very slender; they are difficult to find and often broken. Each of the six short primary rays carries 25 s-shaped terminal rays ending in a tuft of 35 perpendicular claws. Recurved spines are sparse on the primary rays and dense on the secondary rays. Rare µm).
</paragraph>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFB2FFD2FF53F850FA8F8C82" box="[151,1331,2003,2027]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188484/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" targetBox="[243,1345,542,1977]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB2FFD2FF53F850FA8F8C82" blockId="3.[151,1331,2003,2027]" box="[151,1331,2003,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB2FFD2FF53F850FEA58C83" bold="true" box="[151,281,2003,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
A.
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB2FFD2FE84F850FDB18C82" box="[320,525,2003,2026]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Acoelocalyx" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="brucei">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB2FFD2FE84F850FDB18C82" box="[320,525,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Acoelocalyx brucei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(SMF 10530). B.
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB2FFD2FD15F850FC0C8C82" box="[721,944,2003,2026]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB2FFD2FD15F850FC0C8C82" box="[721,944,2003,2026]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Malacosaccus coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from stn PS67/121-7 (SMF 10521).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" ID-Table-UUID="9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" box="[151,1436,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/9F9C6638FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1436,237,1412]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FA208BC7" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,209]" box="[151,1436,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FF53FF14FEB78BC7" bold="true" box="[151,267,151,175]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
Spicule dimensions of
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FDCFFF1BFD488BC7" box="[523,756,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FDCFFF1BFD538BC7" box="[523,751,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">Malacosaccus coatsi</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
SMF 10702, from the Weddell Sea,
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FB40FF1BFB488BC7" box="[1156,1268,152,175]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euretidae" genus="Periphragella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hexactinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="19" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="antarctica">Antarctica</taxonomicName>
(dimensions in
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB5FFD5FF5BFF6EFAA98EEC" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<table id="B9E3C410FFB5002EFF53FF6EFA208EEC" box="[151,1436,237,1412]" gridcols="5" gridrows="28" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FF6EFA208A6C" box="[151,1436,237,260]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FF6EFE0C8A6C" box="[151,432,237,260]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">parameter</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FF6EFCAD8A6C" box="[725,785,237,260]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">mean</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FF6EFC038A6C" box="[884,959,237,260]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">st. dev.</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FF6EFB388A6C" box="[1043,1156,237,260]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">range</th>
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFF6EFA208A6C" box="[1274,1436,237,260]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n.</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FE9BFA208A47" box="[151,1436,280,303]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FE9BFE0C8A47" box="[151,432,280,303]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Pinular hexactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FEC1FA208A31" box="[151,1436,322,345]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FEC1FE0C8A31" box="[151,432,322,345]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pinule ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FEC1FCAD8A31" box="[725,785,322,345]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">395</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FEC1FC038A31" box="[884,959,322,345]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">24</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FEC1FB388A31" box="[1043,1156,322,345]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">318441</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFEC1FA208A31" box="[1274,1436,322,345]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">75</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FEEEFA208AEC" box="[151,1436,365,388]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FEEEFE0C8AEC" box="[151,432,365,388]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pinule ray basal width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FEEEFCAD8AEC" box="[725,785,365,388]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11.6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FEEEFC038AEC" box="[884,959,365,388]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FEEEFB388AEC" box="[1043,1156,365,388]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.420.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFEEEFA208AEC" box="[1274,1436,365,388]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FE1BFA208AC7" box="[151,1436,408,431]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FE1BFE0C8AC7" box="[151,432,408,431]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">pinule ray greatest width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FE1BFCAD8AC7" box="[725,785,408,431]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FE1BFC038AC7" box="[884,959,408,431]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FE1BFB388AC7" box="[1043,1156,408,431]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">14.738.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFE1BFA208AC7" box="[1274,1436,408,431]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">79</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FE41FA208AB1" box="[151,1436,450,473]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FE41FE0C8AB1" box="[151,432,450,473]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FE41FCAD8AB1" box="[725,785,450,473]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">331</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FE41FC038AB1" box="[884,959,450,473]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">44</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FE41FB388AB1" box="[1043,1156,450,473]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">204431</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFE41FA208AB1" box="[1274,1436,450,473]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">63</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FE6EFA20896C" box="[151,1436,493,516]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FE6EFE0C896C" box="[151,432,493,516]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FE6EFCAD896C" box="[725,785,493,516]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FE6EFC03896C" box="[884,959,493,516]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FE6EFB38896C" box="[1043,1156,493,516]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5.718.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFE6EFA20896C" box="[1274,1436,493,516]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FD9BFA208947" box="[151,1436,536,559]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FD9BFE0C8947" box="[151,432,536,559]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FD9BFCAD8947" box="[725,785,536,559]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1,185</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FD9BFC038947" box="[884,959,536,559]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">152</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FD9BFB388947" box="[1043,1156,536,559]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8611,661</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFD9BFA208947" box="[1274,1436,536,559]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">37</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FDC1FA208931" box="[151,1436,578,601]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FDC1FE0C8931" box="[151,432,578,601]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FDC1FCAD8931" box="[725,785,578,601]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.5</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FDC1FC038931" box="[884,959,578,601]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FDC1FB388931" box="[1043,1156,578,601]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.819.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFDC1FA208931" box="[1274,1436,578,601]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FDEEFA2089EC" box="[151,1436,621,644]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FDEEFE0C89EC" box="[151,432,621,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Large hexactin ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FDEEFCAD89EC" box="[725,785,621,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1,144</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FDEEFC0389EC" box="[884,959,621,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">281</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FDEEFB3889EC" box="[1043,1156,621,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5441,834</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFDEEFA2089EC" box="[1274,1436,621,644]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">84</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FD1BFA2089C7" box="[151,1436,664,687]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FD1BFE0C89C7" box="[151,432,664,687]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FD1BFCAD89C7" box="[725,785,664,687]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FD1BFC0389C7" box="[884,959,664,687]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FD1BFB3889C7" box="[1043,1156,664,687]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">6.016.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFD1BFA2089C7" box="[1274,1436,664,687]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FD41FA2089B1" box="[151,1436,706,729]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-3="1" rowspan-4="1">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FD41FE0C89B1" box="[151,432,706,729]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Large pentactin</th>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FD6EFA20886C" box="[151,1436,749,772]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FD6EFE0C886C" box="[151,432,749,772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tangential ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FD6EFCAD886C" box="[725,785,749,772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1,361</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FD6EFC03886C" box="[884,959,749,772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">311</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FD6EFB38886C" box="[1043,1156,749,772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7302,094</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFD6EFA20886C" box="[1274,1436,749,772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">53</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FC9BFA208847" box="[151,1436,792,815]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FC9BFE0C8847" box="[151,432,792,815]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">tangential ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FC9BFCAD8847" box="[725,785,792,815]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FC9BFC038847" box="[884,959,792,815]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FC9BFB388847" box="[1043,1156,792,815]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.215.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFC9BFA208847" box="[1274,1436,792,815]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">61</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FCC1FA208831" box="[151,1436,834,857]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FCC1FE0C8831" box="[151,432,834,857]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">proximal ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FCC1FCAD8831" box="[725,785,834,857]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">892</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FCC1FC038831" box="[884,959,834,857]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">195</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FCC1FB388831" box="[1043,1156,834,857]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">5141,350</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFCC1FA208831" box="[1274,1436,834,857]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">44</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FCEEFA2088EC" box="[151,1436,877,900]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FCEEFE0C88EC" box="[151,432,877,900]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">proximal ray width</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FCEEFCAD88EC" box="[725,785,877,900]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FCEEFC0388EC" box="[884,959,877,900]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FCEEFB3888EC" box="[1043,1156,877,900]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.514.1</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFCEEFA2088EC" box="[1274,1436,877,900]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">51</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FC1BFA2088C7" box="[151,1436,920,943]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FC1BFE0C88C7" box="[151,432,920,943]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Oxyhexaster diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FC1BFCAD88C7" box="[725,785,920,943]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">167</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FC1BFC0388C7" box="[884,959,920,943]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FC1BFB3888C7" box="[1043,1156,920,943]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">107227</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFC1BFA2088C7" box="[1274,1436,920,943]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FC41FA2088B1" box="[151,1436,962,985]" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FC41FE0C88B1" box="[151,432,962,985]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FC41FCAD88B1" box="[725,785,962,985]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">12.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FC41FC0388B1" box="[884,959,962,985]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">2.4</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FC41FB3888B1" box="[1043,1156,962,985]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8.618.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFC41FA2088B1" box="[1274,1436,962,985]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FC6EFA208F6C" box="[151,1436,1005,1028]" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FC6EFE0C8F6C" box="[151,432,1005,1028]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FC6EFCAD8F6C" box="[725,785,1005,1028]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">72</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FC6EFC038F6C" box="[884,959,1005,1028]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">14</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FC6EFB388F6C" box="[1043,1156,1005,1028]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">47101</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFC6EFA208F6C" box="[1274,1436,1005,1028]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FB9BFA208F47" box="[151,1436,1048,1071]" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FB9BFE0C8F47" box="[151,432,1048,1071]" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Floricome diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FB9BFCAD8F47" box="[725,785,1048,1071]" gridcol="1" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">114</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FB9BFC038F47" box="[884,959,1048,1071]" gridcol="2" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">12</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FB9BFB388F47" box="[1043,1156,1048,1071]" gridcol="3" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">92137</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFB9BFA208F47" box="[1274,1436,1048,1071]" gridcol="4" gridrow="19" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FBC1FA208F31" box="[151,1436,1090,1113]" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FBC1FE0C8F31" box="[151,432,1090,1113]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FBC1FCAD8F31" box="[725,785,1090,1113]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">11.5</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FBC1FC038F31" box="[884,959,1090,1113]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FBC1FB388F31" box="[1043,1156,1090,1113]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">8.015.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFBC1FA208F31" box="[1274,1436,1090,1113]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FBEEFA208FEC" box="[151,1436,1133,1156]" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FBEEFE0C8FEC" box="[151,432,1133,1156]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FBEEFCAD8FEC" box="[725,785,1133,1156]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">46.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FBEEFC038FEC" box="[884,959,1133,1156]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FBEEFB388FEC" box="[1043,1156,1133,1156]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">36.656.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFBEEFA208FEC" box="[1274,1436,1133,1156]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">50</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FB1BFA208FC7" box="[151,1436,1176,1199]" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FB1BFE0C8FC7" box="[151,432,1176,1199]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Discohexaster diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FB1BFCAD8FC7" box="[725,785,1176,1199]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">108</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FB1BFC038FC7" box="[884,959,1176,1199]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">16</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FB1BFB388FC7" box="[1043,1156,1176,1199]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">88149</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFB1BFA208FC7" box="[1274,1436,1176,1199]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FB41FA208FB1" box="[151,1436,1218,1241]" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FB41FE0C8FB1" box="[151,432,1218,1241]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FB41FCAD8FB1" box="[725,785,1218,1241]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10.9</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FB41FC038FB1" box="[884,959,1218,1241]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FB41FB388FB1" box="[1043,1156,1218,1241]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.413.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFB41FA208FB1" box="[1274,1436,1218,1241]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FB6EFA208E6C" box="[151,1436,1261,1284]" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FB6EFE0C8E6C" box="[151,432,1261,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FB6EFCAD8E6C" box="[725,785,1261,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">43.0</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FB6EFC038E6C" box="[884,959,1261,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.3</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FB6EFB388E6C" box="[1043,1156,1261,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">30.061.5</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFB6EFA208E6C" box="[1274,1436,1261,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">20</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FA9BFA208E47" box="[151,1436,1304,1327]" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FA9BFE0C8E47" box="[151,432,1304,1327]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Onychohexaster diameter</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FA9BFCAD8E47" box="[725,785,1304,1327]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">99</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FA9BFC038E47" box="[884,959,1304,1327]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">10</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FA9BFB388E47" box="[1043,1156,1304,1327]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">77113</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFA9BFA208E47" box="[1274,1436,1304,1327]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FAC1FA208E31" box="[151,1436,1346,1369]" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FAC1FE0C8E31" box="[151,432,1346,1369]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">primary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FAC1FCAD8E31" box="[725,785,1346,1369]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">9.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FAC1FC038E31" box="[884,959,1346,1369]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">1.6</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FAC1FB388E31" box="[1043,1156,1346,1369]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">7.013.2</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFAC1FA208E31" box="[1274,1436,1346,1369]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">15</td>
</tr>
<tr id="75D334F2FFB5002EFF53FAEEFA208EEC" box="[151,1436,1389,1412]" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<th id="36025D8EFFB5002EFF53FAEEFE0C8EEC" box="[151,432,1389,1412]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">secondary ray length</th>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFD11FAEEFCAD8EEC" box="[725,785,1389,1412]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">39.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFCB0FAEEFC038EEC" box="[884,959,1389,1412]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">4.8</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFBD7FAEEFB388EEC" box="[1043,1156,1389,1412]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">28.547.7</td>
<td id="36025D8EFFB5002EFB3EFAEEFA208EEC" box="[1274,1436,1389,1412]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">15</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB5FFD5FF53FA49FE568D30" blockId="4.[151,1437,1482,2011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
abnormal variants include spiroxyhexasters (
<figureCitation id="53D82A35FFB5FFD5FD0AFA49FCA48E8C" box="[718,792,1482,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,257,1529,1553]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,422,1505]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[163,1423,422,1506]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. Spicules of Malacosaccus coatsi from stn. PS 67 / 102 - 11 (SMF 10702). A. Dermal pinular hexactin and enlargements of three ray ends. B. Hexactine principalium with enlargement of ray end. C. Pentactine principalium with enlargements of tangential and proximal ray ends. D. Oxyhexaster. E. Floricome (two ray sets perpendicular to the page omitted) with enlargement of terminal ray tip. F. Series of one ray sets from floricome (right), floricoid discohexaster (center) and floricoid onychohexaster (left). G. Spiroxyhexaster (rare)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/188486/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
G) and bizarre crab-like oxyasters. No evidence of graphiocomes was found in either specimen. One spherical discohexaster (not figured), 58 µm in diameter, with about 10 straight terminal rays on each primary ray was found in the first specimen; it is considered likely to be foreign in origin.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="83F9653BFFB5FFD4FF02F9E6FEA08BB0" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CB5C36B0FFB5FFD4FF02F9E6FEA08BB0" blockId="4.[151,1437,1482,2011]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1436,152,216]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FF02F9E6FEFE8D17" bold="true" box="[198,322,1637,1663]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Remarks:</emphasis>
The ANDEEP III specimens are clearly assignable to Topsent's
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FB82F9E6FA818D16" box="[1094,1341,1637,1662]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FB82F9E6FA818D16" box="[1094,1341,1637,1662]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Malacosaccus coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in their possession of both pentactin and hexactin principalia and range of floricoidal microscleres. Although Topsent did not designate the discohexasters with tufts of spines at terminal ray ends as onychohexasters, he correctly described and figured them in his 1913 description. These specimens differ from
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FBACF95AFF658C72" authority="Topsent, 1910" authorityName="Topsent" authorityYear="1910" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="pedunculatus">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FBACF95AFA928D9A" box="[1128,1326,1753,1778]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. pedunculatus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFB5FFD5FAF2F95AFF658C72" author="Topsent" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Topsent, E. 1910., Les Hexasterophora recueillies par la &quot; Scotia &quot; dans l'Antarctique. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr. Monaco (166), 1 - 18." type="journal article" year="1910">Topsent, 1910</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, originally collected at the same location as
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FCD4F883FC398C71" box="[784,901,1792,1817]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FCD4F883FC398C71" box="[784,901,1792,1817]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, in their larger dermalia pinule rays, their possession of pentactin principalia and lack of spheric discohexasters. As
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB5FFD5FBCEF8A4FBC58C28" box="[1034,1145,1831,1856]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB5FFD5FBCEF8A4FBC58C28" box="[1034,1145,1831,1856]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">M. coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is presently understood, oxyhexasters seem to be a variable spicule which is not correlated to geography but may be related to depth. They are present in low numbers in the original
<typeStatus id="14588812FFB5FFD5FD28F8F7FC9D8CE6" box="[748,801,1908,1934]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">type</typeStatus>
specimen (
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB5FFD5FC6AF8F7FBAC8CE6" box="[942,1040,1908,1934]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5789999999999997" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2579.0">2579 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB5FFD5FBD9F8F7FB378CE6" box="[1053,1163,1908,1934]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-16.566668">16º34'W</geoCoordinate>
), absent in the EASIZ fragments (
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB5FFD5FEE6F819FE3F8CDC" box="[290,387,1946,1972]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="1540.0">1540 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB5FFD5FE55F819FE478CDC" box="[401,507,1946,1972]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-21.4">21º24'W</geoCoordinate>
) reported by
<bibRefCitation id="AF724B41FFB5FFD5FD65F819FC0C8CDC" box="[673,944,1946,1972]" pageId="4" pageNumber="20" refString="Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K. R., Tendal, O. S., 2004. Deep-sea Hexactinellida (Porifera) of the Weddell Sea. Deep-Sea Research II 51, 1857 - 1882." type="journal article">Janussen et al. (2004)</bibRefCitation>
, and absent in the western ANDEEP III specimen (
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB5FFD5FED2F842FEC98CB3" box="[278,373,1985,2011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.616" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2616.0">2616 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB5FFD5FE45F842FE5B8CB3" box="[385,487,1985,2011]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-50.683334">50º41'W</geoCoordinate>
) but abundant in the eastern, deeper water specimen (
<quantity id="0C1B9B55FFB5FFD5FBA2F842FB788CB3" box="[1126,1220,1985,2011]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.794" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="4794.0">4794 m</quantity>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AED75077FFB5FFD5FB15F842FA868CB3" box="[1233,1338,1985,2011]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" precision="925" value="-36.55">36º33'W</geoCoordinate>
). Future collected material may help reveal the pattern of oxyhexaster production in various portions of the
<taxonomicName id="0CE34D33FFB4FFD4FAEAFF1BFA208BD9" box="[1326,1436,152,177]" class="Hexactinellida" family="Euplectellidae" genus="Malacosaccus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lyssacinosida" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="coatsi">
<emphasis id="F997EAA2FFB4FFD4FAEAFF1BFA208BD9" box="[1326,1436,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">M. coatsi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>