695 lines
69 KiB
XML
695 lines
69 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880" ID-GBIF-Dataset="502936e3-059d-4a14-8282-2718ade2a880" ID-PMC="PMC8128846" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1036-153" ID-Pensoft-UUID="DF7518270C4755979E945A1534237C20" ID-PubMed="34040484" ID-ZooBank="9A2C63ECD583418F82773DAEC567EED6" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1036-153" checkinTime="1620734405510" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Boonsoong, Boonsatien, Auychinda, Chonlakran, Sartori, Michel & Khanyom, Nuttakun" docDate="2021" docId="D9DDD47696C751709A01473ABD0C2E00" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1036: 153-170" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1036" docPubDate="2021-05-10" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880" docTitle="Paegniodes sapanensis Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="1C749EC4-356B-4CCD-A22F-9C3AADD603AA" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="6" id="DF7518270C4755979E945A1534237C20" lastPageNumber="153" masterDocId="DF7518270C4755979E945A1534237C20" masterDocTitle="First record of Paegniodes Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) from Thailand with description of a new species" masterLastPageNumber="170" masterPageNumber="153" pageNumber="153" updateTime="1668150229387" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First record of Paegniodes Eaton, 1881 (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) from Thailand with description of a new species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Boonsoong, Boonsatien</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8166-0021</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">fscibtb@ku.ac.th</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Auychinda, Chonlakran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3282-3506</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Department of Biology and Health Science, Mahidol Wittayanusorn School, Salaya, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sartori, Michel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3397-3397</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Museum of Zoology, Palais de Rumine, Place Riponne 6, CH- 1005 Lausanne, Switze rland & University of Lausanne (UNIL), Department of Ecology and Evolution, CH- 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Khanyom, Nuttakun</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Animal Systematics and Ecology Speciality Research Unit (ASESRU), Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2021-05-10</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>1036</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>153</mods:start>
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<mods:end>170</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1036-153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">9A2C63ECD583418F82773DAEC567EED6</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">DF7518270C4755979E945A1534237C20</mods:identifier>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="181974054" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:1C749EC4-356B-4CCD-A22F-9C3AADD603AA" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D9DDD47696C751709A01473ABD0C2E00" lastPageNumber="153" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/1C749EC4-356B-4CCD-A22F-9C3AADD603AA" authority="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis" status="sp. nov.">Paegniodes sapanensis Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="153">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus of larva (Holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541206" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figures 1</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 2</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A hypopharynx B maxilla C labium (ventral view and dorsal view) D enlargement of labium (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 3</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A foreleg (dorsal view) B foreleg (ventral view) C tarsal claw of foreleg D sternum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 4</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A gill I B gill II C gill III D gill IV E gill V F gill VI G gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 5</figureCitation>
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||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A terga II-X (dorsal view) B cerci and paracercus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541211" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 7</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 8</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of egg (dissected from subimago) A eggs B general outline C chorionic surface D micropyle. M = micropyle, KCTs = knob-terminated coiled threads." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541214" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 9</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus (live) A immature larva B male larva C female larva D closer view of female subimago E male subimago F female subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">, 10</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Materials examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-03-21" collectionCode="ZMKU" collectorName="B. Boonsoong" country="Thailand" elevation="800" latitude="19.190498" location="Sapan waterfall" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.198975" municipality="Bo Kluea district" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Nan province" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<typeStatus>Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
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mature larva in alcohol, deposited in
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<collectionCode>ZMKU</collectionCode>
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,
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<collectingCountry name="Thailand">Thailand</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingRegion country="Thailand" name="Nan">Nan province</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality>Bo Kluea district</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D9DDD47696C751709A01473ABD0C2E00:1F6842B5AE2DBBD5B095DF5AA2D3E65A" country="Thailand" latitude="19.190498" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.198975" municipality="Bo Kluea district" name="Sapan waterfall" stateProvince="Nan province">Sapan waterfall</location>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="19" direction="north" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="25.8" value="19.190498">19°11'25.8"N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate degrees="101" direction="east" minutes="11" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="56.3" value="101.198975">101°11'56.3"E</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" unit="m" value="800.0">800 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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,
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<collectingDate value="2020-03-21">21.III.2020</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>B. Boonsoong</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1881-01-01" collectingDateMax="1881-12-31" collectingDateMin="1881-01-01" collectionCode="ZMKU" collectorName="B. Boonsoong" country="Thailand" elevation="800" latitude="19.190498" location="Sapan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.198975" municipality="Bo Kluea district" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-larva="3" stateProvince="Nan" typeStatus="paratype">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<typeStatus>Paratypes</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCount type="larva">3 larvae</specimenCount>
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in ethanol, deposited in
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<collectionCode>ZMKU</collectionCode>
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, same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2019-11-26" collectionCode="MZL" collectorName="B. Boonsoong" country="Thailand" elevation="800" latitude="19.190498" location="Sapan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.198975" municipality="Bo Kluea district" specimenCode="GBIFCH00834844" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Nan" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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in ethanol,
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<specimenCode>GBIFCH00834844</specimenCode>
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, deposited in
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<collectionCode>MZL</collectionCode>
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same locality as holotype,
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<collectingDate value="2019-11-26">26.XI.2019</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>B. Boonsoong</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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;
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<specimenCount type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
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subimago (reared from larva),
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<specimenCount type="female">2 female</specimenCount>
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subimagos (reared from larvae),
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2020-11-29" collectionCode="ZMKU" collectorName="B. Boonsoong" country="Thailand" elevation="800" latitude="19.190498" location="Sapan" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="101.198975" municipality="Bo Kluea district" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-larva="2" stateProvince="Nan" typeStatus="paratype">
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<specimenCount type="larva">2 larvae</specimenCount>
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, all in ethanol, deposited in
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<collectionCode>ZMKU</collectionCode>
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, same locality as holotype,
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<collectingDate value="2020-11-29">29.XI.2020</collectingDate>
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,
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<collectorName>B. Boonsoong</collectorName>
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leg.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Description of larva.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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Body length 16.2 mm (holotype) 10.0-13.5 mm (exuvia) 7.2-11.5 mm (immature), caudal filaments ca 1.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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of body length (immature).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">General colouration dark brown with pale markings on tibiae and abdominal tergites.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Colouration</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus of larva (Holotype)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541206" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">1</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus (live) A immature larva B male larva C female larva D closer view of female subimago E male subimago F female subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">10A-C</figureCitation>
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). Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen dorsally dark brown. Head, thorax, legs, and abdomen ventrally whitish. Caudal filaments brown.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541206" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., habitus of larva (Holotype).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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Head.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Head capsule</emphasis>
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.
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</emphasis>
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Ovoid in shape and flattened, 1.8-2.5 mm in length, 2.5-4.1 mm in width, brown, without distinct markings (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2A</figureCitation>
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); head capsule margins smooth. Compound eyes and base of ocelli black.
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 2.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., larval morphology
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
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head and pronotum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
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labrum
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
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left mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
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enlargement of left mandible (ventral view)
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
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right mandible
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
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enlargement of right mandible (ventral view).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Antenna</emphasis>
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(Figs
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2A</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus (live) A immature larva B male larva C female larva D closer view of female subimago E male subimago F female subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">10A</figureCitation>
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). Antennae length slightly longer than head width, scape and pedicel dark brown, flagellum light brown.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
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<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Labrum</emphasis>
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(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Triangular, width of labrum 1/3 of head capsule, with median notch on anterior margin, anterior margin with row of long, hair-like setae; dorsal surface with hair-like setae except at notch and nearby area.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Left mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer and inner incisors acute with serrated margins, row of bristles located near inner incisor, row of fine serrated spines locate on base of outer and inner incisors, margin between inner incisor and mola slightly concave and smooth, one distinct denticle ventrally near mola area, setae present at apex of mola (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral margin without row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Right mandible</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Outer and inner incisors acute with serrated margins, row of bristles located near inner incisor, row of fine serrated spines locate on base of outer and inner incisors, margin between inner incisor and mola slightly concave, tuft of setae locate on inner margin near mola, setae present at apex of mola (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A head and pronotum B labrum C left mandible D enlargement of left mandible (ventral view) E right mandible F enlargement of right mandible (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541207" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">2F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lateral margin without row of setae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Hypopharynx</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A hypopharynx B maxilla C labium (ventral view and dorsal view) D enlargement of labium (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Lingua subequal to superlingua, longer than broad, with medial tuft of long, stout setae. Superlingua distally almost straight, nearly square; each superlingua with notch on anterior margin, lateral margin rounded, with fine, long, simple setae along laterodistal margin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., larval morphology
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
hypopharynx
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
maxilla
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
labium (ventral view and dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
enlargement of labium (dorsal view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Maxilla</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A hypopharynx B maxilla C labium (ventral view and dorsal view) D enlargement of labium (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Crown of galea-lacinia with a row of eight comb-shaped setae, apex of maxilla with three canines; two dentisetae, and one row of long setae on inner margin, with a row of submarginal setae on ventral surface; maxillary palpi two-segmented, apical one 1.6
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of basal segment; ventral surface of segment II with row of dense setae forming brush-like structure, apex of last segment apically lanceolate.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Labium</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A hypopharynx B maxilla C labium (ventral view and dorsal view) D enlargement of labium (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Labium with U-shaped separation between glossae; shape of glossae conical, inner margin covered with dense setae, outer margin with row of setae; paraglossae moderately expanded laterally, with dense apical setae; basal segment of palp slightly longer than length of apical segment; apical segment slightly pentagonal, apex with broad projection (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A hypopharynx B maxilla C labium (ventral view and dorsal view) D enlargement of labium (dorsal view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541208" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
); with dorsal transverse row of setae apically and setae brush ventrally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Thorax.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Foreleg</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A foreleg (dorsal view) B foreleg (ventral view) C tarsal claw of foreleg D sternum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) Coxa with well-developed, round dorsal plate; tibia subequal to femur in length, tarsus about
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="¼">1/4</normalizedToken>
|
||
length of tibia; femur with regular row of bristles on outer margin and many scattered, mostly spatulate setae on dorsal surface, ventrally with whitish elongated oval area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A foreleg (dorsal view) B foreleg (ventral view) C tarsal claw of foreleg D sternum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">4B</figureCitation>
|
||
); tibia and apex of tarsus pigmented in light yellow; tarsus brown to dark; claw with a submedian denticle and three apical denticles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A foreleg (dorsal view) B foreleg (ventral view) C tarsal claw of foreleg D sternum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">4C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Middle and hind legs</emphasis>
|
||
as foreleg but with patellar-tibial (fusion) sutures, apex of tibia with cluster of setae on inner surface, and claw with two or three apical denticles. Mesosternum with a distinct transverse yellow macula (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A foreleg (dorsal view) B foreleg (ventral view) C tarsal claw of foreleg D sternum." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">4D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541209" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., larval morphology
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
foreleg (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
foreleg (ventral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
tarsal claw of foreleg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
sternum.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Abdomen.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Terga</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A terga II-X (dorsal view) B cerci and paracercus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541211" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">6A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Terga pale brown, each tergum with two submedian pairs of pale dots; mature larva with distinct brown median stripes on terga II-VII, with brown oblique stripes on lateral margin of terga III-VII, posterior margin of each tergum with row of strong and acute denticles, posterolateral projections extended into acute projections.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Gills</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A gill I B gill II C gill III D gill IV E gill V F gill VI G gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">5</figureCitation>
|
||
). Gills on abdominal segments I-VII; gill I (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A gill I B gill II C gill III D gill IV E gill V F gill VI G gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">5A</figureCitation>
|
||
) smaller than others, dorsal lamellae 1/4 in length of well-developed fibrilliform portion; gill II-VII similar in shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A gill I B gill II C gill III D gill IV E gill V F gill VI G gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">5B-G</figureCitation>
|
||
), lamellae much longer than fibrilliform portion, tracheation clearly visible, proximal half of lamellae margin thickened and sclerotised, gill IV (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A gill I B gill II C gill III D gill IV E gill V F gill VI G gill VII." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
) relatively larger than others.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541210" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., larval morphology
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
gill I
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
gill II
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
gill III
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
gill IV
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
|
||
gill V
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
|
||
gill VI
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">G</emphasis>
|
||
gill VII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Caudal filaments</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., larval morphology A terga II-X (dorsal view) B cerci and paracercus." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541211" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">6B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci subequal to paracercus in length, paracercus laterally with long setae on both margins of each segment, similar setae located on inner margins of cerci only.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541211" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 6.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., larval morphology
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
terga II-X (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
cerci and paracercus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Diagnostic characters of larval stage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">The main diagnostic characters are: i) lamellae of gill I ca 1/4 of fibrilliform portion, ii) mandibles without dense hair-like setae on lateral margin, iii) basal segment of maxillary palp without hairlike setae on margins, and iv) apical segment of labial palp slightly pentagonal with broad projection at apex.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Description of adult stages.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Male subimago</emphasis>
|
||
(in ethanol Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7</figureCitation>
|
||
, living Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus (live) A immature larva B male larva C female larva D closer view of female subimago E male subimago F female subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">10E</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Body length 8.5 mm, cerci 17.5 mm, forewing 10.9 mm, hindwing 1.5 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally yellowish brown. Head, thorax, and abdomen ventrally light yellow. Legs yellow. Caudal filaments brownish.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., male subimago
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
forewing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
hindwing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax (ventral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
|
||
foreleg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
|
||
middle leg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">G</emphasis>
|
||
hind leg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">H</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">I</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (lateral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">J</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (ventral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">K</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">L</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (ventral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes separated by 3.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of median ocellus.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum and mesonotum each with pair of dark dots; forewings semitransparent, veins yellowish to brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7B</figureCitation>
|
||
); hindwings 0.14 size of forewings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs yellowish to yellowish brown; femora brown with proximal and distal light maculae; tibiae uniformly brown; tibiae slightly shorter than femora. Forelegs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7E</figureCitation>
|
||
): length of leg segments: femur 2.5 mm; tibia 2.3 mm; tarsus 2.0 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length: 2>3>4>1>5). Midlegs: (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7F</figureCitation>
|
||
) length of leg segments: femur 2.4 mm; tibia 2.1 mm; tarsus 1.2 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length 2>1>5>3>4). Hindlegs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7G</figureCitation>
|
||
): length of leg segments: femur 2.8 mm; tibia 2.2 mm; tarsus 1.2 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length: 1≥5>2≥3>4). Each leg with two claws; one blunt, and one sharp and hooked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsally with ornamentation as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7H</figureCitation>
|
||
, tergum I with transverse dark band, terga II-VII with distinct, reddish median band; laterally with pattern as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7I</figureCitation>
|
||
, with clearly oblique stripes on terga III-VII but those on terga II and VIII less visible; all sterna predominantly light yellow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7J</figureCitation>
|
||
). Combined length of two terminal segments of gonopods half the length of basal one (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7K, L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Penis lobes jointed at base, apices separated, each penis lobe apex slightly expanded laterally. Styliger plate with concave posterior margin, but median part convex (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., male subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (dorsal view) L genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541212" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">7L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cerci reddish to brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Female subimago</emphasis>
|
||
(in ethanol Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8</figureCitation>
|
||
, living Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., habitus (live) A immature larva B male larva C female larva D closer view of female subimago E male subimago F female subimago." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">10D, F</figureCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Body length 12.8 mm, cerci 20.0 mm, forewing 14.4 mm, hindwing 2.6 mm.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head, thorax and abdomen dorsally brown. Head, thorax and abdomen ventrally light brown. Legs yellow. Caudal filaments brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., female subimago
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
forewing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
hindwing
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
head and thorax (ventral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
|
||
foreleg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
|
||
middle leg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">G</emphasis>
|
||
hind leg
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">H</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (dorsal view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">I</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (lateral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">J</emphasis>
|
||
abdomen (ventral view)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">K</emphasis>
|
||
genitalia (ventral view).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Head</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compound eyes separated by 3.0
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
width of median ocellus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8A, D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Pronotum and mesonotum each with pair of dark dots, sternum light brown; forewings semitransparent, veins yellowish to brown (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8B</figureCitation>
|
||
); hindwings 0.18 the size of the forewings (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Legs yellowish to yellowish brown; femora brown with proximal and distal light maculae; tibiae uniformly brown; foretibiae equal to femora; tibiae of midleg and hindleg slightly shorter than femora. Forelegs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8E</figureCitation>
|
||
): length of leg segments: femur 3.1 mm; tibia 3.1 mm; tarsus 1.7 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length: 2>3>5>1>4). Midlegs (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8F</figureCitation>
|
||
): length of leg segments: femur 2.9 mm; tibia 2.7 mm; tarsus 1.4 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length 2>1≥3≥5>4). Hind leg (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8G</figureCitation>
|
||
): length of leg segments: femur 3.5 mm; tibia 3.0 mm; tarsus 1.2 mm (tarsal segments in order of decreasing length: 5>1≥2>3>4). Each leg with two claws; one blunt, and one sharp and hooked.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsally with ornamentation as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8H</figureCitation>
|
||
, tergum I with dark band, with distinct reddish median band on terga II-VII; laterally with pattern as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8I</figureCitation>
|
||
, with clearly oblique stripes on terga III-VII but those on terga II and VIII less visible; all sterna predominantly light yellow (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8J</figureCitation>
|
||
); subgenital plate (sternum VII) distally rounded and subanal plate (sternum IX) extended, with shallow median notch (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., female subimago A head and thorax (dorsal view) B forewing C hindwing D head and thorax (ventral view) E foreleg F middle leg G hind leg H abdomen (dorsal view) I abdomen (lateral view) J abdomen (ventral view) K genitalia (ventral view)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541213" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">8K</figureCitation>
|
||
); cerci reddish brown, with tiny setae on surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Description of egg.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
(dissected from female subimago). Length ca 155-175
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width ca 80-95
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; elongate and oval in shape (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of egg (dissected from subimago) A eggs B general outline C chorionic surface D micropyle. M = micropyle, KCTs = knob-terminated coiled threads." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541214" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">9A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
); chorionic surface covered with hexagonal and pentagonal mesh ridges, with 1-4 knob-terminated coiled threads (KCTs) in between (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of egg (dissected from subimago) A eggs B general outline C chorionic surface D micropyle. M = micropyle, KCTs = knob-terminated coiled threads." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541214" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">9C</figureCitation>
|
||
); tagenoform micropyle in equatorial area (2 or 3 micropyles clearly visible on the same side) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of egg (dissected from subimago) A eggs B general outline C chorionic surface D micropyle. M = micropyle, KCTs = knob-terminated coiled threads." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541214" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">9D</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541214" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 9.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., scanning electron micrographs of egg (dissected from subimago)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
eggs
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
general outline
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
chorionic surface
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
micropyle. M = micropyle, KCTs = knob-terminated coiled threads.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Diagnostic characters of imaginal stage.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
The diagnostic characters to distinguish our new species from
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. cupulatus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. cupulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are: i) the median stripes on abdominal terga and ii) lateral margins of genital plates slightly concave near apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541215" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 10" startId="F10">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 10.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov., habitus (live)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
immature larva
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
male larva
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
female larva
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">D</emphasis>
|
||
closer view of female subimago
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">E</emphasis>
|
||
male subimago
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">F</emphasis>
|
||
female subimago.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">The specific epithet is named for the Sapan waterfall (Bo Kluea district; tourist attraction of Nan province, Thailand), where the holotype is known.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Nan province.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="biological aspects">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Biological aspects.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
The specimens were collected from tropical mountain streams (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitats of larvae of Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov. A tributary of a Sapan stream B cobble substrate with bottom sand and gravel C stream bank with cobble." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541216" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
) which are slightly disturbed by tourist activities. The larvae of the new species were found in flowing areas and the littoral zone of the streams, underneath a mostly cobble substrate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Habitats of larvae of Paegniodes sapanensis sp. nov. A tributary of a Sapan stream B cobble substrate with bottom sand and gravel C stream bank with cobble." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541216" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">11B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541216" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 11" startId="F11">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 11.</emphasis>
|
||
Habitats of larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boonsoong, Sartori & Auychinda" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes sapanensis" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sapanensis">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes sapanensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">A</emphasis>
|
||
tributary of a Sapan stream
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">B</emphasis>
|
||
cobble substrate with bottom sand and gravel
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">C</emphasis>
|
||
stream bank with cobble.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="153" type="molecular analysis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Molecular analysis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
Two COI sequences of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were retrieved from BOLD system and GenBank (Table
|
||
<tableCitation captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Sequenced specimens of the genus Paegniodes (new sequence indicated in bold)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/3C069FC065BEACA4CD7CB8BC2893F720" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" tableUuid="3C069FC065BEACA4CD7CB8BC2893F720">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). One sequence from BOLD (THMAY162-12) was based on a specimen from the same locality (Namtok Sa Pan) as this study and this specimen was identified as
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="P. dao" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dao">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">P. dao</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, our Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) analysis revealed that intraspecific genetic divergence of the three sequences is very low (0.03%), and we considered all sequences as belonging to the same species. In addition, the interspecific distances (COI) between the new species and
|
||
<taxonomicName baseAuthorityName="Eaton" baseAuthorityYear="1871" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes cupulatus" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cupulatus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes cupulatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
ranged from 11.43-11.73%.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/zookeys.1036.64880.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/541217" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" start="Figure 12" startId="F12">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="153">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Figure 12.</emphasis>
|
||
Distribution of the genus
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Eaton" authorityYear="1881" class="Insecta" family="Heptageniidae" genus="Paegniodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paegniodes" order="Ephemeroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="153" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="153">Paegniodes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Eaton, 1881.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |