228 lines
29 KiB
XML
228 lines
29 KiB
XML
<document id="867EDDC1F6893B8CB34820CC2F9BED2E" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.210944" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7a9a0c8-28b1-4f3b-8555-c12fd8d57adc" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="210944" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460557246666" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da, Gamba, Gustavo Antunes & Zanata, Thais Bastos" docDate="2012" docId="8C4987E90F14163A04C8566F9434B48F" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03565p030.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3565" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Aplidium elongatum Rocha, Gamba & Zanata, 2012, n. sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="7070FF910F17163F045F5365915BB010" masterDocTitle="Aplidium (Ascidiacea, Polyclinidae) in central coast, Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="30" masterPageNumber="18" pageNumber="21" updateTime="1698319480374" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="5145948CAE3B74C8EACED67FDFCA1A0E">
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<mods:title id="FBDF196B285B6B44D3E551BFF156BA34">Aplidium (Ascidiacea, Polyclinidae) in central coast, Brazil</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="838FB704B5CD5D362BC9FCDED44FAE01" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="817CC3EE85AD90BCC72BEA764F40DE9B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FCB158DB3A3CBAC69EF863D1EE3B0844">Rocha, Rosana Moreira Da</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="D513AB2E7A6287205761466E5BD9499D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9567F7F9F02306FE0368ECA73ABC88D5">Gamba, Gustavo Antunes</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="18256693CF6F7FFB9DC9E7FD109F8498" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="15797AD774D2DECA00CC4720986E6440">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="BD2D3A6F1F2E3058D52343344D61AB6D">Zanata, Thais Bastos</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="0BBE412CA31A8C4CF820027591712A42">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="57EDE6ECD749A07E7575EBE9DC7ADD01">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="524F67377D6988086F3EB6FF9F0DA82E">
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<mods:date id="11889FCD1F8218072EB9FB3FF808FE3C">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="8D9D763C1CBF0D70478DC333B83D5194" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="59739539CCD403BCCDC775E4F86C356F">3565</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="7D7E6D4CDF4D5B5B2F54D92112FB0E09">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="2D284B0097A06A5B85E3DA764AD2DC20" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.210944</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="AF0E859A85E166CDC167FF3D3829E68B" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="8C4987E90F14163A04C8566F9434B48F" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6167430" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555992" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6167430" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4987E90F14163A04C8566F9434B48F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4987E90F14163A04C8566F9434B48F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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<subSubSection id="4CFA65740F14163C04C8566F903AB555" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C04C8566F9082B534" blockId="3.[151,473,1290,1349]" box="[151,473,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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<heading id="5F1781930F14163C04C8566F9082B534" bold="true" box="[151,473,1290,1316]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F14163C04C8566F9082B534" bold="true" box="[151,473,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F14163C04C8566F90D4B534" box="[151,399,1290,1316]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F14163C04C8566F90D4B534" bold="true" box="[151,399,1290,1316]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Aplidium elongatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA757960F14163C05C9566F9082B534" box="[406,473,1290,1316]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C04C85648903AB555" blockId="3.[151,473,1290,1349]" box="[151,353,1325,1349]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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(
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F14163C04C156489051B555" box="[158,266,1325,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1375,193,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium elongatum n. sp. A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Figures 3</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F14163C05485648907DB555" box="[279,294,1325,1349]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1493]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, Aplidium antillense at shipwreck Reliance, Salvador, Bahia. B, Aplidium elongatum below two colonies of Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895), Island Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. C, Aplidium elongatum in cross section. D, Aplidium lobatum at Praia da Barra, Salvador, Bahia. E, F, Aplidium selenium at Quebramar norte, Salvador, Bahia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">6</figureCitation>
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B, C)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4CFA65740F14163A04C8560B9434B48F" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C04C8560B9264B596" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2027]" box="[151,831,1390,1415]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Etymology: Species name refers to the great length of zooid.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C049856F795A3B606" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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Material examined:
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<typeStatus id="DB5B885D0F14163C05F556F7934CB5BA" box="[426,535,1426,1450]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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: MZSP 0 0 0 31 1 colony,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F14163C076E56F79206B5BA" box="[817,861,1426,1450]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Ilha</collectingCountry>
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dos Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C017356F791F3B5DE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-20.351112">20°21'04" S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C04E956D39011B5DE" box="[182,330,1462,1486]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-40.253334">40°15'12" W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C050856D390CFB5DE" box="[343,404,1462,1486]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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, Col. R. M. Rocha,
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<date id="705E103F0F14163C062056D393AAB5DE" box="[639,753,1462,1486]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" value="2011-02-13">13.2.2011</date>
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.
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<typeStatus id="DB5B885D0F14163C06A156D29234B5DF" box="[766,879,1463,1487]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
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: DZUP APL-21 1 colony,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F14163C00FC56D39594B5DE" box="[1187,1231,1462,1486]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Ilha</collectingCountry>
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dos Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C05CD56BF934EB5E2" box="[402,533,1498,1522]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-20.351112">20°21'04”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C067E56BF93C5B5E2" box="[545,670,1498,1522]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-40.25139">40°15'5”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C06F556BF93BEB5E2" box="[682,741,1498,1522]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="12.0">12 m</quantity>
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, Col. R. M. Rocha,
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<date id="705E103F0F14163C079A56BF951EB5E2" box="[965,1093,1498,1522]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" value="2011-02-13">13.02.2011</date>
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; DZUP APL-23 1 colony,
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<collectingCountry id="7CF7766F0F14163C012F56BF94C7B5E2" box="[1392,1436,1498,1522]" name="Iceland" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Ilha</collectingCountry>
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Escalvada, Guarapari, Espírito Santo,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C061D569B939EB606" box="[578,709,1534,1558]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-20.7">20°42'00”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="61D450380F14163C068F569B9200B606" box="[720,859,1534,1558]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" precision="15" value="-40.408337">40°24'30”W</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C0739569B92C8B606" box="[870,915,1534,1558]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="m" value="8.0">8 m</quantity>
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, Col. R. M. Rocha,
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<date id="705E103F0F14163C002D569B95AFB606" box="[1138,1268,1534,1558]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" value="2012-01-27">27.01.2012</date>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C049855479506B64E" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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Diagnosis: Colony a half sphere, totally encrusted with sand, long oral siphon, zooid about
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C015A55479403B62A" box="[1285,1368,1570,1594]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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long, stomach with five longitudinal folds, ovary in the median region of the post-abdomen.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C0498550F93D1B6FE" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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The colony may be up to
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C05A0550F9360B692" box="[511,571,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="cm" value="9.0">9 cm</quantity>
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in diameter and
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C0756550F92DDB692" box="[777,902,1642,1666]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="12.0" valueMax="14.0" valueMin="10.0">10–14 mm</quantity>
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thick, with irregular outline. It is completely encrusted with sand, less densely so at the thorax level, although soft. When alive, it is opaque gray which in preservation becomes light-brown due to the color of the sand. The colony has many cloacae, but zooids are not organized in systems around them (
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F14163C067B55B3933CB6FE" box="[548,615,1750,1774]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1493]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, Aplidium antillense at shipwreck Reliance, Salvador, Bahia. B, Aplidium elongatum below two colonies of Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895), Island Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. C, Aplidium elongatum in cross section. D, Aplidium lobatum at Praia da Barra, Salvador, Bahia. E, F, Aplidium selenium at Quebramar norte, Salvador, Bahia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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B).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F14163C0498559F9401B7FA" blockId="3.[151,1436,1390,2027]" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">
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The zooids are about
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C0595559F9345B702" box="[458,542,1786,1810]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="20.0">20 mm</quantity>
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long, vertical throughout the entire colony section (
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F14163C00D6559F958AB702" box="[1161,1233,1786,1810]" captionStart="FIGURE 6. A" captionStartId="9.[151,250,1514,1537]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1492]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[151,1435,193,1493]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 6. A, Aplidium antillense at shipwreck Reliance, Salvador, Bahia. B, Aplidium elongatum below two colonies of Didemnum psammatodes (Sluiter, 1895), Island Pacotes, Vila Velha, Espírito Santo. C, Aplidium elongatum in cross section. D, Aplidium lobatum at Praia da Barra, Salvador, Bahia. E, F, Aplidium selenium at Quebramar norte, Salvador, Bahia." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210950/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
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C). The thorax is elongated (about
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C0502547B90FAB726" box="[349,417,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
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) and narrow; the abdomen is approximately
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C07FA547B92B3B726" box="[933,1000,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="3.0">3 mm</quantity>
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long and the post-abdomen is
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<quantity id="C3189B1A0F14163C0114547B94C7B726" box="[1355,1436,1822,1846]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="21" unit="mm" value="13.0">13 mm</quantity>
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long. Zooids are transparent and the stomach is light brown. The oral siphon has six rounded lobes and the small circular atrial opening is smooth and between the second and third or third and fourth rows of stigmata (
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F14163C016B5403942CB76E" box="[1332,1399,1894,1918]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1375,193,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium elongatum n. sp. A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="21">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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A). The atrial languet is simple, narrow, can be short or long, sometimes exceeding the length of the oral siphon; it projects from the level of the first row of stigmata or ahead of the cloacal aperture. The longitudinal musculature is very delicate, formed of 16−18 fibers in each side of the thorax and extends to the base of the post-abdomen.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="509F66770F13163B04C854D0907DB7FF" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" targetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" targetPageId="4">
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F13163B04C854D0907DB7FF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1973,2031]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F13163B04C854D0904DB7DB" bold="true" box="[151,278,1973,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F13163B057F54D390A9B7DC" box="[288,498,1974,1996]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="elongatum" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="3694EAED0F13163B057F54D390A9B7DC" box="[288,498,1974,1996]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="22">Aplidium elongatum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="2DA757960F13163B05A354D2936CB7DC" box="[508,567,1975,1996]" pageId="4" pageNumber="22" rank="species">n. sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A049853F29260B1E4" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
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The pharynx has 15−17 rows of stigmata, with 10–12 stigmata on each side in anterior and more central rows and 9−10 stigmata in subsequent rows. The stigmata of the ventral and dorsal regions of the pharynx are shorter than in the central region. The 21−23 oral tentacles of three sizes form a single circle. The esophagus is long and narrow. The stomach is large and elongate with five well-marked longitudinal folds, in the midline of the abdomen. The duodenum is narrow and half the length of the stomach. A constriction between the duodenum and the mid intestine is followed by an oval and curved post-stomach at the intestinal loop. The ascending intestine starts with rectal caeca; the anus is bilobed and opens at the base of the thorax, between the fourteenth and fifteenth rows of stigmata (
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<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A055A52F1901CB1BC" box="[261,327,404,428]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1375,193,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium elongatum n. sp. A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A). In mature zooids, the ovary is in the median region of the post-abdomen, containing two to four small oocytes and one large fertilized egg (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A06D552D29394B1DF" box="[650,719,439,463]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1375,193,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium elongatum n. sp. A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
B). The testis has 7−16 ovoid follicles aligned or overlapping, posteriorly to the ovary (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9CDB2A7A0F12163A05F452B99350B1E4" box="[427,523,476,500]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1973,1996]" captionTargetBox="[231,1374,194,1938]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[220,1375,193,1944]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Aplidium elongatum n. sp. A, zooid, thorax and abdomen. B, zooid, post-abdomen. C, zooid, post-abdomen. Scales: 1 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/210947/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Figure 3</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Larvae were not found.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A0498529A942EB36F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
Remarks. Of the Atlantic species that have five folds in the stomach, four resemble our species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A016851659095B22C" authority="Monniot, 1972" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1972" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pentatrema">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A016851659048B22C" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium pentatrema</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A057E5141909DB22C" author="Monniot" box="[289,454,548,572]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1972) Cle mondiale des genres d´Ascidies. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale & Generale, 113 (3), 311 - 367." type="journal article" year="1972">Monniot, 1972</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has sand in the colony but it is lobed, the oral siphon has eight short lobes and the thorax has five rows of stigmata.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A0595512D9221B24F" authority="Herdman, 1886" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1886" box="[458,890,583,608]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="effrenatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A0595512D93F4B270" box="[458,687,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium effrenatum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A069E51229229B24F" author="Herdman" box="[705,882,583,607]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1886) Report on the Tunicata collected during the years 1873 - 1876. Part 2. Ascidiae Compositae. Zoological Challenger Expedition, 14 (38), 1 - 425." type="journal article" year="1886">Herdman, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
also forms a sandy encrusting dark colony, but zooids are short (~ 2.5 mm long) without an atrial languet (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A074751099295B294" author="Van" box="[792,974,620,644]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A07BF510994C7B294" authority="Cunningham, 1871" authorityName="Cunningham" authorityYear="1871" box="[992,1436,620,644]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="fuegiense">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A07BF510995E9B294" box="[992,1202,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium fuegiense</emphasis>
|
||
(Cunningham, 1871)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a cold water species with variably shaped colonies, that may be small lobes or large encrusting cushions, sometimes elongated. Although with variable quantities of sand, colonies can be transparent or translucent and light colored zooids are seen from the surface. It has only 12 oral tentacles, the anus opens at the level of the eighth or ninth rows of stigmata, the ovary is immediately after the intestinal loop and there are more (25) testicular follicles (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A017C5199918AB327" author="Van" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American Ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A0482507A903FB327" author="Millar" box="[221,356,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Millar, R. H. (1960). Ascidiacea. Discovery Reports, 30, 1 - 160." type="journal article" year="1960">Millar 1960</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Zooids in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A05B8504592DDB327" authority="Sluiter, 1898" authorityName="Sluiter" authorityYear="1898" box="[487,902,799,824]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pantherinum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A05B8504593BBB328" box="[487,736,800,824]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium pantherinum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A06B0507A9225B327" author="Sluiter" box="[751,894,799,823]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Sluiter, C. P. (1898) Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Fauna von Sud-Afrika. II. Tunicaten von Sud-Afrika. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 11, 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="1898">Sluiter, 1898</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are bright red or purple, giving the colony a red color, evident in the area surrounding the cloacal openings where the sand may be absent. The atrial opening is at the level of the fourth row of stigmata, the atrial languet is short and the ovary is immediately after the intestinal loop.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="045F36FF0F12163A049850E89434B48F" blockId="5.[151,1437,151,1185]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">
|
||
In the Pacific, some species also have 15−18 rows of stigmata and five folds in the stomach.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A016A50E99083B3D7" authority="Nishikawa, 1980" authorityName="Nishikawa" authorityYear="1980" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nadaense">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A016A50E9905AB3D8" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium nadaense</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A055050CA9094B3D7" author="Nishikawa" box="[271,463,943,967]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Nishikawa, T. (1980) Ascidians from the Coast of Kii Peninsula, Miidle Japan, with descriptions of two new species. Memories Natural Science Museum of Tokio, 13, 97 - 111." type="journal article" year="1980">Nishikawa, 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has short zooids and
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A069650CA9251B3D7" box="[713,778,943,967]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
long thorax, about eight stigmata per half row and only 12 oral tentacles. In
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A050450B1925AB3FC" authority="Herdman, 1886" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1886" box="[347,769,980,1004]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="globosum">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A050450B1936CB3FC" box="[347,567,980,1004]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium globosum</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A061850B193A2B3FC" author="Herdman" box="[583,761,980,1004]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Herdman, W. A. (1886) Report on the Tunicata collected during the years 1873 - 1876. Part 2. Ascidiae Compositae. Zoological Challenger Expedition, 14 (38), 1 - 425." type="journal article" year="1886">Herdman, 1886</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sand is absent in the tunic, zooids are also short, the atrial languet projects from the rim of the atrial aperture and the anus opens in the midle of the thorax.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A0091509D901AB424" authority="Monniot, 1987" authorityName="Monniot" authorityYear="1987" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="caelestis">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A0091509D94C7B400" box="[1230,1436,1016,1040]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium caelestis</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A04C85779901AB424" author="Monniot" box="[151,321,1052,1076]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Monniot, C. & Monniot, F. (1987) Les ascidies de Polynesie francaise. Memories du Museum National d'Historie Naturelle, ser. A, 136, 1 - 155." type="journal article" year="1987">Monniot, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with sand also absent, has the zooids aligned along the iridescent cloacal channels. Zooids are yellow or orange and the ovary is close to the intestinal loop.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A0719572595FBB447" authority="Brewin, 1951" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1951" box="[838,1184,1087,1112]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nottii">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A0719572592B5B448" box="[838,1006,1088,1112]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium nottii</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A07A2575A95C3B447" author="Brewin" box="[1021,1176,1087,1111]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Brewin, B. I. (1951) Ascidians of New Zealand. Part 6. Ascidians of the Hauraki Gulf. Part 2. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 79 (1), 104 - 113." type="journal article" year="1951">Brewin, 1951</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has
|
||
<quantity id="C3189B1A0F12163A008C5724944FB448" box="[1235,1300,1089,1112]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" unit="mm" value="7.0">7 mm</quantity>
|
||
long zooids and the pharynx has only seven stigmata per half row.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C3E04D7C0F12163A076857019448B46C" authority="Brewin, 1952" authorityName="Brewin" authorityYear="1952" box="[823,1299,1124,1148]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Polyclinidae" genus="Aplidium" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="novaezealandiae">
|
||
<emphasis id="3694EAED0F12163A076857019533B46C" box="[823,1128,1124,1148]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="23">Aplidium novaezealandiae</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="60714B0E0F12163A002B57019448B46C" author="Brewin" box="[1140,1299,1124,1148]" pageId="5" pageNumber="23" refString="Brewin, B. I. (1952) Ascidians of New Zealand. Part III. Ascidians of the East Cape Region. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 80 (2), 187 - 195." type="journal article" year="1952">Brewin, 1952</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has zooids organized in polygnal systems with 10−12 zooids and the atrial aperture is bilobed with a three forked languet.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |