581 lines
62 KiB
XML
581 lines
62 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1195-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" ID-ZooBank="617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1195-1" checkinTime="1710549612550" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Caldara, Roberto, Tosevski, Ivo & Skuhrovec, Jiri" docDate="2024" docId="51BF0A4C9B0F588983AABD981C67A2A9" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1195: 1-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1195" docPubDate="2024-03-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328" docTitle="Rhinusa pilosa" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16" masterDocTitle="Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1710549612550" updateUser="pensoft">
|
||
<mods:mods id="730077C43AD387514104C6C46751F7BF" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="FE5452D0B00F6AECEF6510D5317D1864">
|
||
<mods:title id="21B0C351D4301E6C750574F78F183652">Description of immature stages of Rhinusa species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Mecinini) with a focus on diagnostic morphological characters at the species and genus levels</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="CCA33262767547CACB73AC4608460750" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="D346D3CBF5ADBF1D99331BAF22468C04">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D4FA32CFC5C748E8B74FD9C63AD781B6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="8717EDF9A6BD8B13284322AC025F139B">Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4484D4F144228F9B3E6D53C83E20F666" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2083-4905</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="2F7032A4DAD1B157A04C5421862EF60F">Department of Zoology and Nature Protection, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20 - 033 Lublin, Poland</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="E6994D4AF082407B9118419DC5094314" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="CBCA0D111F488593648B568158E779AE">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="1D98497B752E0B384CF33DD9D93072A6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B27974B2EE8D3FB2C2D778C4ACB06ADC">Caldara, Roberto</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="F7B93B691FBF91429DBA09B3CF7CF39E" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9932-7078</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="F2ED3704394E20D595E9562161906B63">Via Lorenteggio 37, 20146 Milan, Italy</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="68EBFF1D2FCD08494F431255D9A27390" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F968BEA9F6E0FA983D66163201BCF551">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="F2B4F0506D44B588A9CA2D213584CCB2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="DD470CB1CDC055AEE49F4E9BB4521E79">Tosevski, Ivo</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="4312C4B337591EEF317B2FEB3B7CB27F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3666-3151</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="02C1D918253CB4CD512CCB18876E6977">CABI, Rue des Grillons 1, 2800 Delemont, Switzerland & Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Banatska 33, 11080 Zemun, Serbia</mods:affiliation>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="9366BFE77D230F1AA2464A26CC820A69" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="F9370F78313FB0F4B235C108B2A73152">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="D05D162550DBC91CC0EF4406E1411DA7">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="BEFA1CF1C944EC02298D3365B2F07CB3">Skuhrovec, Jiri</mods:namePart>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D3E092A606BB0924DA6A08953B06110F" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7691-5990</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
<mods:affiliation id="D3A5C4421B64169C078D8C3760E245A7">Group Function of Invertebrate and Plant Biodiversity in Agro-Ecosystems, Crop Research Institute, Prague 6 - Ruzyne, Czech Republic</mods:affiliation>
|
||
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3A0AD6AF1087AEED0A781FBC7796500B" type="email">jirislavskuhrovec@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="C1EA6D188C938673F2AFB073625E8302">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="9A1BC66006B62F0BA282FD3F08EED79E" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="09F4238E56FB19D173F41355989D8047">
|
||
<mods:title id="2C77F82B9041280549C649B1D1DE8E7B">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="953EBCE7B77C6581A10A8E2D6BA35133">
|
||
<mods:date id="26A63C091A12B847AFB98A5A688E1737">2024</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="1CF6D676BB4D6A0EDD36019914126DCF" type="pubDate">
|
||
<mods:number id="56558F5B8F1F71E7E9B7CD093FE3C989">2024-03-14</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:detail id="2BE6A3BDFECA4D4BEA00053F4461C41F" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="C45E1284821F093CD4EF3CED38CDBF9F">1195</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="A4DAC0BFEE5BD53CC0AD2AEDD280CC63" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="68D7D53579EA1B4E15A0C54B5C742489">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="F68E7D865A86A147ED6B9A3C42CF6CE7">94</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location id="391B8E6B517EA9148C88273AC04930B6">
|
||
<mods:url id="662157DE70245EC665550999558EBA6D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification id="18E59529DCA1248B5BA7274CD5058186">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="190A984365B675DE102D59CAF79CE228" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7763AEDA422B2C9BD33DB829A179B8F0" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-1195-1</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="C79047046EE6EBB97EDE58EA37ACCA4F" type="ZooBank">617FBE9C72D1479D83361E9325D74B93</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="A1528871BCF954DAE011471FAA56923D" type="Pensoft-UUID">7B852D1F498258A8AC2E473512274E16</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="51BF0A4C9B0F588983AABD981C67A2A9" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51BF0A4C9B0F588983AABD981C67A2A9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51BF0A4C9B0F588983AABD981C67A2A9" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<subSubSection id="F0801CDF4F170E6ADFD56FD7A7CDF1EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="EE83032CE18B1471741C88060C9751B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
6)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4CF610BBAAEBDFBF36FB7AA6426E64FF" LSID="51BF0A4C-9B0F-5889-83AA-BD981C67A2A9" authority="(Gyllenhal, 1838)" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838)</taxonomicName>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B0578A3AEEA5A65CBDBC7A0AF7AE7DDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="A85598E5EDEBE93C7B57FCC19ECFC231" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70994071D030D83E99FA73FBDB4F3E78" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
4 mature larvae;
|
||
<materialsCitation id="E3A38DFAF5715B7522C407CA564496A3" collectingDate="2018-06-01" country="Serbia" determinerName="I. Tosevski." location="Zemun" specimenCount="8" specimenCount-female="5" specimenCount-male="3">
|
||
<specimenCount id="AC0E176A655FF857ABCC0A04A40FDE9B" count="3" type="male">3 ♂</specimenCount>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="18603D5549AFD7AA4303087C81EF11FC" count="5" type="female">5 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
pupae.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="6AD379FB52CD2FBFB07ED0F4EC9F7837" name="Serbia">Serbia</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="F4C243C1BD8DE12948CB6901C2790F96" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51BF0A4C9B0F588983AABD981C67A2A9:F4C243C1BD8DE12948CB6901C2790F96" country="Serbia" name="Zemun">Zemun</location>
|
||
, ex
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D4CBD89C49A7A369F9BB60AD0E06061F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Scrophulariaceae" genus="Linaria" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Linaria vulgaris" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="4EB98F0D9235B8D2615D4C54B57F49F4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Linaria vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
galls,
|
||
<collectingDate id="211744B4D0A12E87031FEBF7AA210553" value="2018-06-01">01.06.2018</collectingDate>
|
||
, leg., det.
|
||
<determinerName id="D231455E144FF58645C286896FA63482">
|
||
I.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CB9DD5736E1DE041107294ECEAE8ECA8" originalValue="Toševski">Tosevski</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</determinerName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="AD9B2BF2999828EFC97E10C2D8FFCEE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="592B828B3C244F317B3F9BA7813FB1E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of mature larva</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7D86A008B065A692E617B9BC13E36781" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="824C0D05A1036DBE566C83E85DA5868B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="314368C1120267AE1D417A84CCC5040C" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="75FD83A335DBA731EAA75B12A0D4B2CE" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A-E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D4C4CED3600CF5A20BE330148AA6F1F" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="AD4984702430C3032BAF9B7AD0AA310C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 4.00-5.75 (avg. 4.25). The widest place in the body (meso- and metathorax) measures up to 1.50. Head width: 0.60-0.68 (avg. 0.65).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="34AAEF6CD1AF4AE5A10698D9B715BD96" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 26" startId="F26">
|
||
<paragraph id="F016A95ECD531FC04068D65ABA838593" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="9A4C1C0039BE4986AB2FAC828223778A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 26.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6D9542BFB38AC22191D49464C60A4A1" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="F48B0D1EB9F6168481D5337B8F000728" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva
|
||
<emphasis id="C785B23C79EF66AF49FCEAB2E0621DF6" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="1D0F1865C61723C20FE9E9F9EE814B26" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
head, frontal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="99E46AEB5622E4F1B3D82172F762BEDB" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 27" startId="F27">
|
||
<paragraph id="CA5ACF4342F4538D20D0A5766AC22238" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A7755CB60D257701F3E35F53E9392D0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 27.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="671A912C43664A55EAEC9884BE13FB1D" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0E4EC56DACF6DE2114B17B4C9D94E899" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts
|
||
<emphasis id="089D33221A6AF0F2A8AF47ADC25BE7BB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
head
|
||
<emphasis id="BB64E9A0F349373E76D140C2CC6F8AF8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
antenna
|
||
<emphasis id="CC1518D53A87C5B6D527999BE3B2B272" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side)
|
||
<emphasis id="3F9D7B838BA04CB59688E3061912D4DF" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
left mandible
|
||
<emphasis id="CFCDBB2BB87926BD6D6C9D919A352D58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="2226C35D08B4A0EDD87B93A80B26A926" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
|
||
-anterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="6BE7A0F32F52588C5C2204751032F4FD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
|
||
-anteromedial,
|
||
<emphasis id="5A1B43F89A1F7DDA3387517437E819DA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
|
||
-clypeal,
|
||
<emphasis id="55D1C350018DEE84B8B86CE9ACA6200B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="65D1D17C8AE3445140F21BACF41CBD29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal malar,
|
||
<emphasis id="006FE9FB61F027030F4D39038AA427FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs</emphasis>
|
||
-frontal epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="19485F306AA76A734D3D8F695771CB90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les</emphasis>
|
||
-lateral epicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="981AD8C88E57C45FADA98590CDE6B8FF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
-ligular,
|
||
<emphasis id="2EF20303335D2F817C88D2F60F8E65AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
|
||
-labral,
|
||
<emphasis id="376E276CA18063CE624CABD1899B79F9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
-malar basiventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="D7CB27D0706526100F87583857D532B1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
|
||
-mandibular dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="31F1DC8BA0BE93265A8FF6C22E641DAF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
-maxillary palp,
|
||
<emphasis id="C7CC2776AC1EF5A116113F10AAE0C884" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
|
||
-postepicranial,
|
||
<emphasis id="918B250CAAA9268F0CDB74E5B4894E12" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
-palpiferal,
|
||
<emphasis id="7BABC5A1A8F1F4A01C4060CE02A78E78" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
|
||
-postmental,
|
||
<emphasis id="23D2C0A86BC38F0C5BF10F8BF75942AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
|
||
-premental,
|
||
<emphasis id="B4F2446A2AC57BC49F224D99BC650BB2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
-stipital,
|
||
<emphasis id="B42CFCC33E0632F3604B50ABF6CB133B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral,
|
||
<emphasis id="696C0BA855F713D25601C4E8752BD22E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral malar.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A2E11C16E8B8DECC9D4271F674297767" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 28" startId="F28">
|
||
<paragraph id="4FC2568F98730943848A8036F448175F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="B04D1D65B38CF8DCE1FC01ED9FB1E47E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 28.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2AADAE6E87C9BCA10A3B1CC5C990BAC3" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C2AC733D3E5DD758FD4F54177A84BAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="72B3FFF00D8FC2DBA1F3A6C741ABB2D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of thoracic segments
|
||
<emphasis id="22BF8778D19F133EB80EC06137F33930" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segment I
|
||
<emphasis id="DF3C320EF710D870E50EDFD2D6FEFF1A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1-3-number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1-10-number of abdominal seg, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="EF1FFD55793C5D760BBC028031ABB477" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-alar,
|
||
<emphasis id="819FA8FA0CDFA13C638042CC2B542231" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="3ABB513F8093E518A52AD1CAED1D531B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
-epipleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="4EA00D171CB232D45AAC46408FE0C671" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
-eusternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="5171EE5972DC580DF718B6AC037DE605" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
-laterosternal,
|
||
<emphasis id="3A6A42F0287BEF1509405836CB9E7849" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
-pedal,
|
||
<emphasis id="5A5B3E028AF12FB4F0CEE8C96135CCD5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
-postdorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="2EED4076276C6C6FFAB3FEC5E73AF007" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
-pronotal,
|
||
<emphasis id="0D38D05933685335AF4174F2688548E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
-spiracular,
|
||
<emphasis id="9791EF034E6F429069538DB403AEA24A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
-pleural,
|
||
<emphasis id="D3A5E60008A346C3034E14A6415FC751" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
-sternal.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="7F3BD31EA50F9C7483E9BA16508E8812" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="F3333424C1DBE8BF3A0320110B6C3366" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7DA9730AEBDAB0DEA3F194EF77154F77" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">General</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate, slightly curved, rounded in cross section (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9D46FBCAA613FDBFD4084395E74DA1E1" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Prothorax slightly smaller than mesothorax, pronotal shield not pigmented. Meso- and metathorax equal in size; each divided dorsally into two folds (prodorsal fold distinctly smaller than postdorsal fold); postdorsal fold of metathorax conical. Pedal folds of thoracic segments isolated, prominent. Abdominal segments I-VI of similar size, next segments tapering towards posterior body end. Abdominal segments I-VII each divided dorsally into two folds of almost identical size; postdorsal folds of segments I-VI higher than prodorsal folds. Segments VIII and IX dorsally undivided. Epipleural folds of segments I-VIII conical. Laterosternal and eusternal folds of segments I-VIII weakly isolated. Abdominal segment X divided into four folds of equal size. Anus situated ventrally, almost completely covered with the ninth abdominal segment.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="F123B5101932822EC165B5DB0ED36602" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
All spiracles unicameral; thoracic spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="01D5CD61720A0C781911E1CF0C0DE690" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed laterally close to mesothorax; abdominal spiracles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="417BAE93F19686A0B11F9EBBF1228DAD" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
) placed anteromedially on segments I-VIII.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C1EE9195D41A4A90B4654B2B5DC6E4FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="29639CEB805C19EAFACCA1628040ED83" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="5F1FB067E30D9B4DC78233ED3A7CAD43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Colouration</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Light yellow to dark yellow head, medial parts of epicranium less sclerotised (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="431B00F775E1D9455371D04A3727CEE9" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26B</figureCitation>
|
||
). All thoracic and abdominal segments whitish (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="84A76F8C34E9E12F1FCA11D0722DB603" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Cuticle covered with asperities.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="556F1684B02D4AD2098BC34E17147882" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="477DE10B7AA8236B7C4C4A169F10C486" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1E082069730A716DEFBC395FC7C4D7C5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Vestiture</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Setae on body thin, transparent, different in length (very short or medium).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BA32FB23C5F14847109A592F531053F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="96124272148C2DD59310E04B7F64EA29" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Head capsule</emphasis>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="EE3DE20923178E4BC9D5CB7D073316FE" captionStart="Figure 26" captionStartId="F26" captionText="Figure 26. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva A habitus B head, frontal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure26" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001254" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">26B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D75E2F6746D2E6D35A2CA9AB3BB01D4A" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Head wide, endocarinal line present, reaching to 2/3 length of frons. Frontal sutures on head indistinct, very wide. Single pair of stemmata in the form of small black spots (st) close to the end of the frontal suture.
|
||
<emphasis id="BF04C6A449CC6D84E80462C271E0EAE6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Des1</emphasis>
|
||
short, located in middle part of epicranium; medium
|
||
<emphasis id="674377E7E5930E42F1F2557B909A8433" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des2</emphasis>
|
||
; long
|
||
<emphasis id="2A5472F8787302092647D21B588FE5F3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des3</emphasis>
|
||
located anteriorly on epicranium close to the border with the frontal suture;
|
||
<emphasis id="346526505D3F8AC887C6DECDAC8B9E96" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des4</emphasis>
|
||
minute; and
|
||
<emphasis id="EB836FF113D83EF708864386B3A04D6C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">des5</emphasis>
|
||
long, located anterolaterally above stemma (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="533406A692852ACB68585B2745ED89C3" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="929B826933962726D1136BD6A420322B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fs1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="0545B316F5EBE8B1C097D4BBB0E62A63" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs2</emphasis>
|
||
absent;
|
||
<emphasis id="67F404AA325E73AF4D64338AC2EF1CB3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs3</emphasis>
|
||
minute;
|
||
<emphasis id="C3FF88B47B27D37EB81FC0A4AD36E9B5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs4</emphasis>
|
||
medium, located anteriorly; and long
|
||
<emphasis id="B52EDCB015AE2EDB896384A4CAA40FD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fs5</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally, close to antenna (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="87178D806274945130AFB6A4B15579EB" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27A</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="7072C82E91F9247436548691B113D2FC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Les1</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="E3E020AF38D391C997B7D36367B6B2B3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">les2</emphasis>
|
||
medium; single short
|
||
<emphasis id="8713F759B04C487BD249D104859AB53D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ves</emphasis>
|
||
. Epicranial area with a single
|
||
<emphasis id="E26F8E37B44AF24976FD6E37534AD6D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pes</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="44742F795A5A753EDD325EE2A91539D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="A596DEA1510BFE27B14C0B6DD02FD418" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Antennae</emphasis>
|
||
placed distally of the frontal suture, on the inside; membranous and distinctly convex basal article bearing one conical relatively short sensorium, plus three sensilla basiconica (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="42AF7C19D49BA2B79846B415E59A4E0A" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="0F5D46B8596FF2128E3499F9A3907311" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="663F85CF1BE51741483C1C559DED8537" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Clypeus and labrum</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A268EA8AD93FE4D8F720413EDA096B54" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27C</figureCitation>
|
||
) completely fused, trapezoidal, 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="31651D62E0C1C178656397AC6DB30615" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long, with two short
|
||
<emphasis id="261B47DA4B9504E3052BFE36C778AADB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">cls</emphasis>
|
||
, localised posteriorly three medium piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="8433A38E2771D21223916727D4CF7598" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lrs</emphasis>
|
||
, located anteromedially. Epipharynx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="8DB524ABED88B4CDD4F16FA97576918F" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two finger-like elongated
|
||
<emphasis id="CCAEA8C3169E73ABD0EDA188CBD6FE42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">als</emphasis>
|
||
; and two piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="19C0E22480BA0478CFB72995F7E5F2A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ams</emphasis>
|
||
, variable in length; labral rods (lr) indistinct, close to oval-shape; anterior border almost straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6ADB7715982A63063D824D5F8253463B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FE2EEEE1DB2A3EA6E4CD1DA32517B6C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="1376422A6E9A5B93BFD02710933F67DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Mouth parts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Mandibles (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1F1FB2C15E8B5C4D5484C15B0EDAC53F" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27D</figureCitation>
|
||
) bifid, cutting edge with blunt additional teeth; two short piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="938D2A4C0658C01DB7E2E4D6C79FCBDC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mds</emphasis>
|
||
, close to lateral border. Maxillolabial complex: maxilla more sclerotised than labium (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="1EB6BBE266202D93C9824BFF4E7C55EE" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27E</figureCitation>
|
||
) stipes with one
|
||
<emphasis id="3AEE0FA15C7D48F8C1B07EAAE613F162" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
, two
|
||
<emphasis id="4B5E6E533F9F4D72FF8362CA4514B3C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs</emphasis>
|
||
and one very short
|
||
<emphasis id="FB66DBA2587FDC1195A48CB8B08A9A35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mbs</emphasis>
|
||
and one sensillum,
|
||
<emphasis id="AFCD2DCE9B9D28CB384C18EAD60DBE0F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">stps</emphasis>
|
||
and both
|
||
<emphasis id="19D759D83DE1CFE9442965530535AC16" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pfs1-2</emphasis>
|
||
relatively short; mala with four finger-like
|
||
<emphasis id="25983B882F9BC8711324D4D346D0BB9E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">dms</emphasis>
|
||
variable in length; four piliform
|
||
<emphasis id="8E22F8DC1AC81A70B94FE37257A7583D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">vms</emphasis>
|
||
, medium to short in length. Maxillary palpi two-segmented; basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal one; length ratio of basal and distal palpomeres almost 1:2; basal palpomere with short
|
||
<emphasis id="5B66C0AC3CF93A5A91623657BBDCCF7E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">mpxs</emphasis>
|
||
and two sensilla, distal palpomere with a group of five apical sensilla in terminal receptive area. Prementum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="6EE20C9C58972CC2B58AFEA8F72B59F7" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27E</figureCitation>
|
||
) oval-shaped, with one short
|
||
<emphasis id="0D75BEAA0465E02C9E91FAC87598C5A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prms</emphasis>
|
||
; ligula with round margin and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="05FB6AE7D36B7CC8A87B9DA9D7505D6D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ligs</emphasis>
|
||
; premental sclerite vestigial, only lateral parts highly sclerotised, posterior extension absent. Labial palpi one-segmented; palpi very small, with a single pore, and a group of three or four apical sensilla (ampullacea) on terminal receptive area; surface of labium smooth. Postmentum (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AD78DE3A2AB6C436292E681B21D56823" captionStart="Figure 27" captionStartId="F27" captionText="Figure 27. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, head and mouth parts A head B antenna C clypeus and labrum (left side), epipharynx (right side) D left mandible E maxillolabial complex (schemes). Abbreviations: at-antenna, lr-labral rods, sb-sensillum basiconicum, Se-sensorium, st-stemmata, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, des - dorsal epicranial, dms - dorsal malar, fs - frontal epicranial, les - lateral epicranial, ligs - ligular, lrs - labral, mbs - malar basiventral, mds - mandibular dorsal, mpxs - maxillary palp, pes - postepicranial, pfs - palpiferal, pms - postmental, prms - premental, stps - stipital, ves - ventral, vms - ventral malar." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure27" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001255" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">27E</figureCitation>
|
||
) with three
|
||
<emphasis id="6B047B311D97FDC61AD24C51CFA6DF88" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms</emphasis>
|
||
, short
|
||
<emphasis id="F6C25632544655C418E8080ED709CDFC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms1</emphasis>
|
||
located posteromedially, medium
|
||
<emphasis id="C07C12ACD41608BF9448BE2887AF1800" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms2</emphasis>
|
||
located mediolaterally, and short
|
||
<emphasis id="2BCC63107BB12DE1AF8DBC568E3C54A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pms3</emphasis>
|
||
located anterolaterally; membranous area smooth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="70D7B59A28E575C92AA446778409BE8C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="FA0A0859C917BD76217374CD30A33526" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="086016E3085EE73C26DBAED309C6BC36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Prothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="411814ADEECB05CD728710A78DFAE5E4" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
) with seven elongated to medium
|
||
<emphasis id="88EEEEF47E7D87CD6D441537CCFA19D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prns</emphasis>
|
||
; two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="3A36A1AA506FBC7FE4E433A7D08BBA05" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single short
|
||
<emphasis id="546B82E04121BC8595D8BA9A9F7DBC98" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Mesothorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD1B888D79957BBC8606185C43E86F82" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
) without
|
||
<emphasis id="0B3374C2843C8BA6E192EB1094E5C1EB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; with two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="9F1F8497A8C5E000A78DA862835D9CD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="FB43B6697CF7B96679D8686950AA8B35" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
; three
|
||
<emphasis id="69B3FC3973FBB424509563A465162F62" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
(two medium and one short); one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="FD40B74138CCDB9CA7010058738ACAF5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="E530AA05CBA08CDCF49EDFA436F26B47" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and single minute
|
||
<emphasis id="DC4B2687AD94E54BEAE8371C5D1923E8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Chaetotaxy of metathorax (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="34FB9E5BE0EA7490FD14E7C522161E29" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28A</figureCitation>
|
||
) almost identical to that of mesothorax. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with five
|
||
<emphasis id="A5B6E2BB278BEB0D2C962FAEB6862B59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pda</emphasis>
|
||
of various length.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="81FA52E4B4BF889EF25B879CCA28F559" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7D7CEF597A3D216B62003A717B99DF99" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="7061C8CC53FDA901517988467D4828C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Segments I-VIII (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="D49C89D69978560E64DBB36A76DEE390" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28B, C</figureCitation>
|
||
) without
|
||
<emphasis id="DDCFEABE06439B585B5529BA89B2EB7C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">prs</emphasis>
|
||
; with two medium
|
||
<emphasis id="1E40B6E37F2664E2DF7E18F86606107F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pds</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute and one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="A4C3ABAAF42542536A8321298E2152E5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ss</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="60B7E0EC831C6A0D7EE084123B852EDE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eps</emphasis>
|
||
; one medium
|
||
<emphasis id="62609B4909D9CA869CAA255CD9DBA588" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; one short
|
||
<emphasis id="3F4A60E489E4B1D8D6A1EB073251E762" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">lsts</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="7B89E9681B56ED9CDC7A921931774288" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">eus</emphasis>
|
||
. Abdominal segment IX (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="59E10A54AF73A775A430D7C8A8EB3D1F" captionStart="Figure 28" captionStartId="F28" captionText="Figure 28. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) mature larva, habitus A lateral view of thoracic segments B lateral view of abdominal segment I C lateral view of abdominal segments VII-X (schemes). Abbreviations: Th. 1 - 3 - number of thoracic segments, Abd. 1 - 10 - number of abdominal seg, setae: as - alar, ds - dorsal, eps - epipleural, eus - eusternal, lsts - laterosternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, ss - spiracular, ps - pleural, sts - sternal." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure28" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001256" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">28C</figureCitation>
|
||
) with two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="DE5110F98EE6ACF1993AEB878D5692BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ds</emphasis>
|
||
; one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="1F7613A652D643A45DFF7AACF88B21DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ps</emphasis>
|
||
; and two minute
|
||
<emphasis id="3CBCA3E2132F2490B8E54A9DA6CCB476" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sts</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7068F3BDA7D6BC4D3BCD42C1BD86F57E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="BDD8F09425AD579091E2FB916905D2CE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description of pupa</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AD990DCE338C75E82504649C45EE019D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="62257A6B6EA316E0F946D74A9A9459C3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="1164447AD8E877DD322BF8B11B59423E" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001257" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="98557DC3377C6369B2B620D954C177D3" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="6F65CD315A32E4B9AE6A9A2ADCEA0CAC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(in mm). Body length: 2.86-3.75 (avg. 3.25); body width: 1.90-2.25 (avg. 2.00); thorax width: 1.10-1.35 (avg. 1.25); rostrum length: up to 0.40 ♂, ♀.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="B814DCD7747B3750C628AF44DE81657A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001257" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 29" startId="F29">
|
||
<paragraph id="BF61F8E380A5ECA1CED2EFF41D829E53" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="92EBF2A07BD58C76C53B7175B92BF15B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 29.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BF00F7C86FD1E1A9572D86E008D3D85D" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DD3B06A7F9FE45BD4FB2C433422B16A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="B30CEED8F8927A51759F071796A7130A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="349C6D466716B9F5362458F94F9460EA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view
|
||
<emphasis id="A55F756002E6D6B2CF66346849FA2A94" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="B62D541298705AA5ADAFA7A53EA3306A" doi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 30" startId="F30">
|
||
<paragraph id="6464308C4B30BD152906A1CE800B9462" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="43F62F4D63610F0894667EFDBCF11558" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 30.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67CC003C00B5DF466A98A596F9AA713F" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="EB5DBADF7A98A60FD945BC15CDDB80B0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus
|
||
<emphasis id="4B88C8435550806BE6EEE27FF645FE49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
ventral view
|
||
<emphasis id="7C8C4B02B31FC0ACE5E7612E10DA7E5F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis id="5ED421027FC22356C9BCBBDFF011529E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae:
|
||
<emphasis id="4D3472DE95A8807CC54D6323E173F50A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
-apical,
|
||
<emphasis id="8B1EE37FB29270D504FC2EC41AE6CF10" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">d</emphasis>
|
||
-dorsal,
|
||
<emphasis id="72A46FCF356C0638F818AFB657E1DE9D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
-femoral,
|
||
<emphasis id="18B07BEFF035D07B87AC75E22803CF82" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">l</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="653CFFB0B06991FAFC4546B10E17BC49" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
-lateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="BEA36C67438C890C49512DA0A5C53018" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
-orbital,
|
||
<emphasis id="7071567308C8BE1BD2198435C583F153" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pas</emphasis>
|
||
-postantennal,
|
||
<emphasis id="E73F24F993C0583381998B21F98C9309" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
-posterolateral,
|
||
<emphasis id="B47A0ABA800E943A3BA3F26CC3E5C961" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">v</emphasis>
|
||
-ventral.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E33530958069D1A430DBAE3C4C3039A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="284C9E335CBC2DA42DE12F454DD1DC59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="559C00F5105F96E165D34FD1EA248739" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Body</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Integument white, with some parts dark sclerotised; moderately elongated, curved. Head protuberances (h-pr) elongated. Rostrum rather stout, on both sexes almost 2.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="363ED91FA609876EF71FE409BB44400F" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as long as wide, extended only to procoxae. Pronotum trapezoidal 3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC2B3EE8B23B69B2B295C82CDB9681FB" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
as wide as long. Pronotal protuberances (p-pr) absent. Meso- and metanotum similar in size. Abdominal segments I-VI almost identical in size; segment VII semicircular; segment VIII narrow; segment IX reduced. Abdominal protuberances (a-pr) absent. Urogomphi (ur) medium-sized, ending with sclerotised, sharp apexes (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="58EE1AC09F6B80210067EF2D13EE80FA" captionStart="Figure 29" captionStartId="F29" captionText="Figure 29. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001257" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">29A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="AEE21EF6A8487800EF8DEBE3A82E6DBA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="E3207D586C53382528AA65CDA7EA3F06" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis id="34674E4A28624F8865438B417DCE71C0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chaetotaxy</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Well developed, setae minute to elongated. Minute and medium setae transparent, elongated setae basally brown, apically transparent. Head with one minute
|
||
<emphasis id="E457E7B52E4EC1678DD09DD14E1A721E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">os</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9111079D5C08094EB4641AE8CE43FA42" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Rostrum with a single minute
|
||
<emphasis id="E008D1C0B847DED6C22688ACC0D08E36" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pas</emphasis>
|
||
. Pronotum with three
|
||
<emphasis id="929C75C14FDC05F19FE043D379280E38" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">as</emphasis>
|
||
, single
|
||
<emphasis id="D651B3C8EA2772F9AF15CF67BA71B6B8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">ls</emphasis>
|
||
, and two
|
||
<emphasis id="43CD9D98CE4E0BCDDE5093A7DBC0CB6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">pls</emphasis>
|
||
; all pronotal setae almost equally in length, prominent, basally brownish, apically transparent. Dorsal parts of meso- and metathorax with two identical in length setae, placed medially. Setae of mesothorax as long as those on pronotum. Apex of femora with a single long
|
||
<emphasis id="88E8E2739E2B59B280BEAD6F5B299946" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">fes</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B6DAC583F0A91CC56326BE8F06F7167" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Abdominal segments I-VI with three setae: first and second minute placed anteromedially, third medium placed below stigma. Abdominal segments VII with three elongated setae dorsally and segment VIII with two elongated setae dorsally. Each lateral part of abdominal segments I-VII with a single medium seta. Ventral parts of abdominal segments I-VIII with two minute setae. Abdominal segment IX with two minute setae ventrally (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2B6C957DE3B6745CDE1F5E66BF6ABD1C" captionStart="Figure 30" captionStartId="F30" captionText="Figure 30. Rhinusa pilosa (Gyllenhal, 1838) pupa habitus A ventral view B dorsal view C lateral view (schemes). Abbreviations: h-pr-head protuberances, ur-urogomphi, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, v - ventral." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1195.112328.figure30" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1001258" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">30A-C</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D2584FF8E66A51C253C60AC81685198" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC025233CC93495DBACCE8005C0EB81C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Remarks and comparative notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C91EE61601BDEACF5FC3EFD5A38E3582" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species is distributed in northern and central Europe and in the Balkans (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="814732B951AED80C4F4448DBF534FA80" author="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA" journalOrPublisher="Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 780" refId="B1" refString="Alonso-Zarazaga, MA, Barrios, H, Borovec, R, Bouchard, P, Caldara, R, Colonnelli, E, Gueltekin, L, Hlavac, P, Korotyaev, B, Lyal, CHC, Machado, A, Meregalli, M, Pierotti, H, Ren, L, Sanchez-Ruiz, M, Sforzi, A, Silfverberg, H, Skuhrovec, J, Tryzna, M, Velazquez de Castro, AJ, Yunakov, NN, 2023. Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. 2nd Edn. Monografias electronicas de la Sociedad Entomologica Aragonesa 14: 1 - 780" title="Cooperative Catalogue of Palaearctic Coleoptera Curculionoidea. 2 nd Edn." volume="14" year="2023">Alonso-Zarazaga et al. 2023</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It is distinguishable from other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A98C30E143F820704D1555D44D22226" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="3786C0B81DC37E54B533B9CFEE8E0C21" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group by the rostrum being markedly bent at the level of antennal insertion in both sexes. It is a unique species in the group in being distributed northwards in the western Palaearctic, associated only with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CC80AAF21647EF4A44B2674459CEEE5C" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="94160ECEEAECD5A93C5F93AA50A2D30B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a host plant. All three species of this group differ from the other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="68C2D93C4F41110FE9F1F0E8F62D3C41" authorityName="Stephens" authorityYear="1829" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="320BD5BF0966090D7DFDD002DFB829D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the very long, hair-like scales of the dorsal vestiture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="619905E62698D078294C718117EF192D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="4B0522CD269E19D4EA608F44F8131B27" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Biological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B32E2D4CFF6F9170CAE774A48CAE05EA" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF6A8B78A5DC0122F11D4B056016B0AE" baseAuthorityName="Gyllenhal" baseAuthorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Rhinusa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Rhinusa pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="50D0CCDB0CA16972D1DE19CAA37BFBE4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Rhinusa pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a shoot-galling weevil associated with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF89EA5B9FCF5A8B257C66FC2CBB4EA3" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="8DAEC40ACC8688831DFCFC5549CBF3EC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for larval development. Adults become active in early spring, and their appearance after winter hibernation coincides with the intensive shoot growth of their host plant. Females oviposit in the upper part of the young, growing shoots of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4113543CEE3A712678DF71EAD652E5C" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="FF0A1E03673D99320EC81099C8BC78A8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Females oviposit three to six eggs, but the number of ovipositions has been observed to exceed 17 per shoot. Oviposition provokes the induction of a globose or elyptical gall on the apical part of the stem. Larvae feed and complete development within the induced galls. Pupation is also completed within the gall. Eclosed adults intensively feed on gall tissue, after which they leave the gall and enter into summer aestivation within the soil litter or soil cracks. In late autumn, adults are briefly active, feeding on young
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B8E387C70228A4BD70F22414B655EF9D" lsidName="L. vulgaris" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="vulgaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="0C742AF5E53F7B2B364E730BE704958C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L. vulgaris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shoots before entering diapause, sheltering close to the host plant. The biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3FBE4972D7F43B98478D2FB43BD49123" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="R. pilosa" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pilosa">
|
||
<emphasis id="B75CF4A5B1EC9333256F4DA0CB56818E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">R. pilosa</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is described in detail by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1AEB8A418FF3184ACF5CCEC78D685C61" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7" author="Gassmann, A" journalOrPublisher="BioControl" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="473 - 483" refId="B22" refString="Gassmann, A, De Clerck-Floate, R, Sing, S, Tosevski, I, Mitrovic, M, Krstic, O, 2014. Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris. BioControl 59 (4): 473 - 483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7" title="Biology and host specificity of Rhinusa pilosa, a recommended biological control agent of Linaria vulgaris." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-014-9578-7" volume="59" year="2014">Gassmann et al. (2014)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |