332 lines
34 KiB
XML
332 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum muticum Barboza 2022, comb. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>423</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/DD1F4D8DBF035AA95DA538ED669952F5" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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31.
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77299338-1" authority="(Sendtn.) Barboza" authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum" status="comb. nov.">Capsicum muticum (Sendtn.) Barboza</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="1">comb. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 93</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosum" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">Capsicum villosum Sendtn. var. muticum</taxonomicName>
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Sendtn., Fl. Bras. (Martius) 10(6): 144. 1846. Type. [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro]: "Serra
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Estrella,”">d'Estrella,"</normalizedToken>
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[no date],
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H.W. Schott 5416</emphasis>
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(lectotype designated by
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" author="Barboza, GE" journalOrPublisher="PhytoKeys" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="23 - 38" refId="B32" refString="Barboza, GE, 2011. Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae). PhytoKeys 2: 23 - 38, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" title="Lectotypifications, synonymy, and a new name in Capsicum (Solanoideae, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.2.730" volume="2" year="2011">Barboza 2011</bibRefCitation>
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, pg. 31: W [acc. # 0074661]); isolectotype: CORD [CORD00006937]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia leptopoda" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopoda" status="comb. nov.">Bassovia leptopoda</taxonomicName>
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Dunal, Prodr. [A. P. de Candolle] 13(1): 411. 1852. Type. [Brazil. Rio de Janeiro]: Rio de Janeiro, 1819, F. Sellow s.n. (holotype: BM [BM000798808]; isotypes: G-DC [G00131651], MPU [MPU023056]).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum leptopodum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopodum" status="comb. nov.">Capsicum leptopodum</taxonomicName>
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(Dunal) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 449. 1891. Type. Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Bassovia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bassovia leptopoda" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="leptopoda" status="comb. nov.">Bassovia leptopoda</taxonomicName>
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Dunal.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" form="vimineum" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. forma" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="form" species="villosum" status="comb. nov." subSpecies="forma">Capsicum villosum forma vimineum</taxonomicName>
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Wawra, Itin. Princ. S. Coburgi 1: 100. 1883. Type. Brazil. Rio de Janeiro: "Petropolis; an gerodeten Stellen (Benod).
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Coll II 10</emphasis>
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", 1879 [coll. Princes August and Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg] (no material found).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Based on
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza & García & Bianchetti & Romero & Scaldaferro" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="villosum" subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">Capsicum villosum Sendt. var. muticum</taxonomicName>
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Sendtn.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Erect shrubs or subshrubs (0.80-) 1-2.5 m tall, with the main stem ca. 1.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched above, the branches dichotomously spreading in a typical
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“zig-zag”">"zig-zag"</normalizedToken>
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appearance. Young stems angled, fragile, green, densely pubescent with spreading, flexuous to rigid, white or slightly ferruginous (dried specimens), simple, uniseriate, (3-) 4-8-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.5-2 mm long; nodes solid, green or light purple; bark of older stems brown or dark brown, with ferruginous pubescence; lenticels few. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair markedly unequal in size, similar or dissimilar in shape. Leaves membranous, slightly discolorous, dark green above, light green beneath, moderately pubescent adaxially, with appressed-antrorse trichomes similar to those of the stems, densely pubescent abaxially and margins, with appressed (on the lamina) or spreading (on the veins), flexuous, 4-6-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.5-1.7 mm long; blades of major leaves 4.5-11 cm long, (1.5-) 2-3.6 cm wide, elliptic or narrowly elliptic, the major veins 5-8 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, slightly unequal, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 0.5-1.5 (-2) cm long, densely pubescent; blades of minor leaves 2-4.3 cm long, 1-1.4 cm wide, elliptic, the major veins 3-4 on each side of mid-vein, the base attenuate, the margins entire, the apex acute; petioles 0.2-0.5 (-1.5) cm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, 2-5 flowers per axil, rarely flowers solitary; flowering pedicels 1-17 mm long, angled, erect, geniculate at anthesis, green, densely pubescent, with long spreading eglandular trichomes and small sparse glandular trichomes (stalk unicellular; head dark multicellular); pedicels scars conspicuous. Buds globose, inflated, yellowish-green. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx ca. 2 mm long, 2 mm wide, cup-shaped, pentagonal in outline, thick, green, strongly 5-nerved, densely pubescent with the same trichomes as the pedicels, calyx appendages five, up to 0.2 mm long, erect, green. Corolla 6-9 mm long, 12-14 mm in diameter, white with wide greenish-yellow pigmentation outside, white with predominance of greenish-yellow spots, sparse and diffuse purple or brown spots and a cream centre within, stellate with interpetalar membrane, lobed halfway or less of the way to the base, pubescent adaxially with a continuous ring of glandular trichomes (stalk long, 2-3-celled; head globose, peltate, unicellular) in the throat and base of the lobes, the tube 3-5 mm long, glabrous abaxially, the lobes 3-4 mm long, 3-4.3 mm wide, widely triangular, spreading, with eglandular trichomes especially on the veins abaxially, the margins papillate, the tips cucullate, papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 2.5-3.2 mm long, white, inserted on the corolla ca. 1.2 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1-1.5 mm long, ellipsoid, cream when young, purplish post-dehiscent, not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary ca. 1.2 mm long, 1 mm in diameter, light green, subglobose; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4 mm tall, pale yellow; styles homomorphic, 4-4.5 mm long, exserted 0.5-0.7 mm beyond the anthers, white, clavate; stigma 0.1 mm long, 0.5 mm wide, discoid, pale green. Berry 7-8 mm in diameter, globose, green when immature and pungent, mature fruit colour not seen; fruiting pedicels ca. 20 mm long, pendent and curved, angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-4.5 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, green. Seeds (4-) 8-11 per fruit, 3.25-3.75 mm long, 2.5-2.75 mm wide, C-shaped, brownish-black to black, the seed coat reticulate and tuberculate at margins (SM), reticulate with pillar-like outgrowths at margins (SEM), the cells rectangular to polygonal in shape, the lateral walls straight; embryo imbricate.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is confined to central-eastern Rio de Janeiro State (Brazil) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 92" captionStartId="F92" captionText="Figure 92. Distribution of C. mirum, C. muticum, C. neei and C. parvifolium." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure92" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695507" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">92</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is a component of the montane forests in the Atlantic Forest (Mata
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Atlântica">Atlantica</normalizedToken>
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); it was found growing in the Serra dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
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mountain range (Serra
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<normalizedToken originalValue="d’Estrella">d'Estrella</normalizedToken>
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, Serra dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
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, Alto da Serra), mainly in the Dense Ombrophilous Forest (Floresta
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Ombrófila">Ombrofila</normalizedToken>
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Densa) in full sun or semi-shade, between 1,000 and 1,300 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Flowering from December to April. Fruiting from February to May.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Not known.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">None recorded.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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EOO (15.520 km2); AOO (16 km2).
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is one of the rarest species. The few collections are mostly historical, date from the early 1800s to 1900s and have imprecise locations for the Serra dos
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Órgãos">Orgaos</normalizedToken>
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(Rio de Janeiro). The species was rediscovered in 1986 in Alto da Serra (Petropolis) and gathered several times at the same location. In this site,
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is severely threatened since a progressive decline of the habitat has been observed due to anthropogenic disturbance and serious deforestation of the area. Based on the extent of occurrence, the advanced fragmentation, loss of habitat and the few known records for
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, we assign this species a threat status of Critically Endangered (CR; B1ab(iii,iv)).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a member of the Atlantic Forest clade (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, as
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum subsp. var. var. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="villosum" subSpecies="var." variety="muticum">C. villosum var. muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
). When
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Sendtner, O" journalOrPublisher="Flora Brasiliensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 231" refId="B435" refString="Sendtner, O, 1846. Solanaceae et Cestrineae. Flora Brasiliensis 10 (1): 1 - 231" title="Solanaceae et Cestrineae." volume="10" year="1846">Sendtner (1846)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
described
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, he also proposed two varietal names:
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="β">β</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum latifolium" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="latifolium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum latifolium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hunziker, 1971; this treatment) and
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="γ">γ</normalizedToken>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Sendtner recognised var.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its 5-angled, truncate calyx.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Hunziker, AT" journalOrPublisher="Kurtziana" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="241 - 259" refId="B201" refString="Hunziker, AT, 1971. Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte. Kurtziana 6: 241 - 259" title="Estudios sobre Solanaceae. VII. Contribucion al conocimiento de Capsicum y generos afines (Witheringia, Acnistus, Athenaea, etc.). Tercera Parte." volume="6" year="1971">Hunziker (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
accepted this varietal name and distinguished var.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. villosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="villosum">Capsicum muticum villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its long calyx appendages vs. var.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
with very short or no calyx appendages. Hunziker also stated that the varieties might not be distinct, based on the specimen
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Löfgren">Loefgren</normalizedToken>
|
||
5878
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
(US, SP), which he identified as var.
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="muticum" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum var. muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="muticum" variety="muticum">Capsicum muticum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
, even though it has well-developed appendages; this specimen is considered
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in this treatment. Modern field explorations (Bianchetti and Hunziker in 1986; Barboza and Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
in 2013; Barboza et al. in 2018) have provided more morphological data for
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, based on recent phylogenetic results that show that it is more closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. mirabile subsp. var. var. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="variety" species="mirabile" subSpecies="var." variety="villosum">C. mirabile than to var. villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), we recognise this varietal name at species level.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum villosum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are densely pubescent shrubs with long, spreading, flexuous, eglandular trichomes, geniculate flowering pedicels and stellate corollas (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93D-F</figureCitation>
|
||
); it is also likely that
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. muticum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has the same greenish-golden yellow mature fruits and brownish-black seeds (mature fruits were not found in field explorations) as
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">C. villosum</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">Capsicum muticum</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
is distinguished by having a truncate calyx without appendages or with five minute appendages (not more than 0.2 mm long) delimiting a 5-angular calyx (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93E, G, H</figureCitation>
|
||
) and white corolla with a predominantly greenish-yellow centre (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 93" captionStartId="F93" captionText="Figure 93. Capsicum muticum A habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest) B plant C stem and leaves showing the dense indument D flower bud on geniculate pedicel E flower, in lateral view F flower, in front view G immature fruit H fruit near maturity. From Barboza et al. 5032. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">93F</figureCitation>
|
||
); in contrast,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a calyx with five well-developed linear to subulate appendages (0.3-2.5 mm long) and a white corolla with predominantly purple pigmentation on the lobes and throat (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 121" captionStartId="F121" captionText="Figure 121. Capsicum villosum A plant B flower bud on a geniculate pedicel C flower, seen from behind D flower before full anthesis, front view E flower at full anthesis, front view F fruiting branch, with mature and mature fruits A, B, E, F from Barboza et al. 1655, photos by G. E. Barboza C, D from Barboza & Deanna 5026 bis, photos by R. Deanna." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure121" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695536" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">121B-E</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure93" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695508" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 93" startId="F93">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 93.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Barboza" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Barboza" baseAuthorityYear="2022" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum muticum" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="muticum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum muticum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitat (degraded Atlantic Forest)
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
|
||
plant
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
|
||
stem and leaves showing the dense indument
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
|
||
flower bud on geniculate pedicel
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
|
||
flower, in lateral view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
|
||
flower, in front view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
|
||
immature fruit
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
|
||
fruit near maturity. From
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza et al</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">5032</emphasis>
|
||
. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. material 4: Appendix 4.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |