360 lines
32 KiB
XML
360 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-200-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" ModsDocID="1314-2003-200-1" checkinTime="1655292389427" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Barboza, Gloria E., Garcia, Carolina Carrizo, Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem, Romero, Maria V. & Scaldaferro, Marisel" docDate="2022" docId="EC1823953BBADA7B5156B910F23479FD" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 200: 1-423" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 200" docPubDate="2022-06-14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667" docTitle="Capsicum tovarii Eshbaugh, P. G. Sm. & Nickrent, Brittonia 35 (1): 55. 1983." docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B" masterDocTitle="Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="423" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1655292389427" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Monograph of wild and cultivated chili peppers (Capsicum L., Solanaceae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Barboza, Gloria E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1085-036X</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">gbarboza@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Garcia, Carolina Carrizo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">ccarrizo@imbiv.unc.edu.ar</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bianchetti, Luciano de Bem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria-Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia (EMBRAPA-Recursos Geneticos e Biotecnologia), PqEB Parque Estacao Biologica, Av. W / 5 final, Brasilia-DF, CEP 70770 - 917, Caixa Postal 02372, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Romero, Maria V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Scaldaferro, Marisel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biologia Vegetal (CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cordoba), Casilla de Correo 495, 5000 Cordoba, Argentina & Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2022</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-06-14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>200</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>423</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-200-1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">7A6D49A85B285350A8D2FC5C9C36B90B</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1823953BBADA7B5156B910F23479FD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/EC1823953BBADA7B5156B910F23479FD" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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42.
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<taxonomicName authority="Eshbaugh, P. G. Sm. & Nickrent, Brittonia 35 (1): 55. 1983." authorityName="Eshbaugh, P. G. Sm. & Nickrent, Brittonia 35 (1): 55. 1983." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">Capsicum tovarii Eshbaugh, P.G.Sm. & Nickrent, Brittonia 35(1): 55. 1983.</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 117" captionStartId="F117" captionText="Figure 117. Capsicum tovarii A flowering branch B, C eglandular trichomes of the leaf D, E glandular trichomes of the leaf F flower G calyx showing the venation H sector of opened corolla I glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the corolla J gynoecium with long style K gynoecium with short style L fruit M seed N seed, cross section O structure of seed coat at the seed margin P structure of seed coat at the seed body Q embryo. From Eshbaugh E 1137. Drawn by N. de Flury." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure117" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figs 117</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="F118" captionText="Figure 118. Capsicum tovarii A plant B leaf, adaxial surface C leaf, abaxial surface D node with flower buds on pendent pedicels E flower, in lateral view F, G flower in front view, showing different pattern of purple colouration H immature fruits I mature fruit. From Barboza 5044. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure118" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">, 118</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<typeStatus>Type</typeStatus>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="1954-04-14" collectorName="O. Tovar" country="Peru" elevation="2000" location="Mantaro" municipality="Andaimarca" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Huancavelica" typeStatus="holotype">
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<collectingCountry name="Peru">Peru</collectingCountry>
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.
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<collectingRegion country="Peru" name="Huancavelica">Huancavelica</collectingRegion>
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: Prov. Tayacaja:
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<collectingMunicipality>Andaimarca</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<locationDeviation firstLocation="Colcabamba" secondLocation="Surcubamba">entre Colcabamba y Surcubamba</locationDeviation>
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, valle del
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:EC1823953BBADA7B5156B910F23479FD:B821694BA2657572EBC07713C94DBABB" country="Peru" municipality="Andaimarca" name="Mantaro" stateProvince="Huancavelica">Mantaro</location>
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,
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<quantity metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">
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<elevation metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" unit="m" value="2000.0">2000 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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elev.,
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<collectingDate value="1954-04-14">14 Apr 1954</collectingDate>
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,
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<collectorName>O. Tovar</collectorName>
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1867
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</emphasis>
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(
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<typeStatus>holotype</typeStatus>
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: USM [USM000895]; isotypes: MU (n.v.),
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</materialsCitation>
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<collectingCountry name="United States of America">US</collectingCountry>
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[00027402, acc. # 3048334], USM [USM248309]).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Erect subshrubs or shrubs, 0.5-1.5 (-2.5) m tall, with the main stem thick, 1.5-3.5 cm in diameter at base, much branched from the base, the branches fragile and scandent. Young stems 2-3-angled, green, rigid, glabrescent to moderately pubescent with appressed-antrorse or spreading, simple, uniseriate, 2-6-celled, eglandular trichomes 0.08-0.9 (-1.2) mm long and sparse small, simple, glandular trichomes (stalk short, unicellular; head dark, oblong, multicellular); nodes green, bark of older stems greenish-brown, fissured, glabrescent; lenticels absent. Sympodial units difoliate, the leaves geminate; leaf pair subequal in size and shape. Leaves membranous, discolorous, dark green above, greenish-grey below, moderately to densely pubescent, with simple eglandular trichomes and glandular trichomes similar to those of the stems, these latter especially abundant on the veins abaxially; blades of all leaves (2.5-) 4-15.5 cm long, (1-) 1.5-5.7 cm wide, ovate or lanceolate, the major veins 3-5 on each side of mid-vein, the base short-attenuate and asymmetric, the margins entire, the apex acuminate; petioles 1-3 cm long, densely pubescent. Inflorescences axillary, (2-) 4-8 flowers; flowering pedicels 3-10 mm long, short, angled or terete, spreading to pendent, non-geniculate at anthesis, green, moderately pubescent, the eglandular trichomes long, spreading; pedicel scars inconspicuous. Buds globose to ovoid, yellowish-green. Flowers 5-merous. Calyx 1.5-2 mm long, 1.8-2.5 mm wide, cup-shaped, pentagonal in outline, thin, light green with dark green veins, moderately pubescent with the same eglandular trichomes as stems and leaves, sometimes sparse glandular trichomes, the calyx appendages absent or five, equal, 0.5 mm long, inserted very close to the margin, sparsely pubescent. Corolla (4.5-) 6-8 mm long, 8-10 mm in diameter, yellowish-green with lilac interpetalar membrane outside, purple with greenish-yellow spots in the lobes and greenish-yellow centre within or lobes mostly yellowish-green and diffuse lilac pigmentation within, campanulate or campanulate-stellate, lobed less than 1/3 of the way to the base, the tube 3.8-4.62 mm long, with sparse small glandular trichomes (stalk unicellular; head globose, unicellular) adaxially, glabrous abaxially, the lobes 2.5-3.2 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, ovate, erect, glabrous adaxially and abaxially, the margins papillate, the tips acute, slightly papillate. Stamens five, equal; filaments 1.6-2.5 mm long, lilac, inserted on the corolla 0.8-1.3 mm from the base, with auricles fused to the corolla at the point of insertion; anthers 1.5-1.8 (-2) mm long, ellipsoid, purple or lilac, somewhat connivent or not connivent at anthesis. Gynoecium with ovary 1.2-2 mm long, 1-1.5 mm in diameter, 2 (-4)-carpellate, light green, ovoid or subglobose; ovules more than two per locule; nectary ca. 0.4 mm tall; styles dimorphic, short style 1-1.6 mm, not exceeding the anthers, long style 4.2-7 mm long, exserted ca. 1 mm beyond the anthers, cream with lilac pigmentation, clavate; stigma 0.2-0.37 mm long, ca. 0.75 mm wide, capitate or lobed, pale yellow. Berry 5-7.2 mm in diameter, globose, green turning nearly black when immature, bright red at maturity, deciduous, pungent, the pericarp thick, opaque, with giant cells (endocarp alveolate); stone cells absent; fruiting pedicels 7-12 (-15) mm long, erect, strongly angled, widened distally, green; fruiting calyx 4-6 mm in diameter, persistent, not accrescent, discoid, the appendages 0.0-0.6 mm long, appressed to the berry. Seeds 4-12 per fruit, 3.7-4.8 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, C-shaped or subglobose, yellow to brownish-yellow, the seed coat reticulate (SM), reticulate-cerebelloid (SEM), the cells irregular in shape, the lateral walls mostly sinuate, wavy at margins; embryo imbricate or coiled.</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure117" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695532" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 117" startId="F117">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 117.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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flowering branch
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B, C</emphasis>
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eglandular trichomes of the leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D, E</emphasis>
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glandular trichomes of the leaf
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F</emphasis>
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flower
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">G</emphasis>
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calyx showing the venation
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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sector of opened corolla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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glandular trichome of the abaxial surface of the corolla
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">J</emphasis>
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gynoecium with long style
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">K</emphasis>
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gynoecium with short style
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">L</emphasis>
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fruit
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">M</emphasis>
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seed
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">N</emphasis>
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seed, cross section
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">O</emphasis>
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structure of seed coat at the seed margin
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">P</emphasis>
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structure of seed coat at the seed body
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Q</emphasis>
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embryo. From
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Eshbaugh E 1137.</emphasis>
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Drawn by N. de Flury.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure118" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 118" startId="F118">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 118.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
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plant
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
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leaf, adaxial surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
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leaf, abaxial surface
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
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node with flower buds on pendent pedicels
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
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flower, in lateral view
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">F, G</emphasis>
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flower in front view, showing different pattern of purple colouration
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">H</emphasis>
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immature fruits
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">I</emphasis>
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mature fruit. From
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 5044</emphasis>
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. Photos by G.E. Barboza.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an Andean endemic species from central Peru (
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
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and Huancavelica Departments) (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 119" captionStartId="F119" captionText="Figure 119. Distribution of C. tovarii and C. villosum." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure119" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">119</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<caption doi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure119" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695534" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 119" startId="F119">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 119.</emphasis>
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Distribution of
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tovarii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tovarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. tovarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. villosum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="villosum">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. villosum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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grows in xerophytic to mesophytic habitats with abundant columnar cacti,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Malvaceae" genus="Bombax" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bombax ruizii" order="Malvales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ruizii">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Bombax ruizii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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K.Schum. (
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" refId="B148" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, Smith, PG, Nickrent, DL, 1983. Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru. Brittonia 35 (1): 55 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" title="Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" volume="35" year="1983">Eshbaugh et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
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) and
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis" order="Fabales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Prosopis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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spp. across the Rio Mantaro Basin. It is common in full sun or protected under trees, between 850 and 2,500 m elevation.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="phenology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Phenology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The collections seen are from February to May, all in flower and fruit.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="chromosome number">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Chromosome number.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 12 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" refId="B148" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, Smith, PG, Nickrent, DL, 1983. Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru. Brittonia 35 (1): 55 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" title="Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" volume="35" year="1983">Eshbaugh et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
); 2
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2x = 24 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" author="Moscone, EA" journalOrPublisher="Acta Horticulturae (ISHS)" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="137 - 170" refId="B317" refString="Moscone, EA, Scaldaferro, MA, Grabiele, M, Cecchini, NM, Sanchez Garcia, Y, Jarret, R, Davina, JR, Ducasse, DA, Barboza, GE, Ehrendorfer, F, 2007. The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS) 745: 137 - 170, DOI: https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" title="The evolution of chili peppers (Capsicum - Solanaceae): a cytogenetic perspective." url="https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2007.745.5" volume="745" year="2007">Moscone et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" author="Scaldaferro, MA" journalOrPublisher="Genome" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="95 - 113" refId="B429" refString="Scaldaferro, MA, Romero da Cruz, MV, Cecchini, NM, Moscone, EA, 2016. FISH and AgNor-mapping of the 45S and 5S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated Capsicum species (Solanaceae). Genome 59: 95 - 113, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" title="FISH and AgNor-mapping of the 45 S and 5 S rRNA genes in wild and cultivated Capsicum species (Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0099" volume="59" year="2016">Scaldaferro et al. 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Peru</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Ají">Aji</normalizedToken>
|
||
silvestre (Huancavelica,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tovar 1867</emphasis>
|
||
), Mucuru (Huancavelica,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tovar 1867</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Junín">Junin</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 5044</emphasis>
|
||
), Mucuru-uchu (Huancavelica,
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tovar 1867</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="uses">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Uses.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
The fruits are very pungent and eaten by local people (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tovar 1867, Barboza 5044</emphasis>
|
||
), used as a spice (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" refId="B148" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, Smith, PG, Nickrent, DL, 1983. Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru. Brittonia 35 (1): 55 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" title="Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" volume="35" year="1983">Eshbaugh et al. 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation assessment">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation assessment.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
EOO (1,422.442 km2); AOO (28 km2).
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occupies a very narrow geographic range in Central Peru. Based on its EOO, AOO and the few nearby locations where it was found, none of them in protected areas and considering that the quality of the habitat will decline by the increased agricultural development, we assign the Endangered (EN; B1+B2ab(iii)) status to this species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Capsicum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Capsicum tovarii" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="tovarii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Capsicum tovarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears as an isolated branch in the phylogeny of the genus (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, see Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Capsicum phylogeny. Cladogram summarising findings from Carrizo Garcia et al. (2016) and Barboza et al. (2019, 2020 b). Only one sample per species has been included; species names have been updated. Clades distinguished are labelled. Asterisks indicate branches with moderate / low support, letters ' d' clades with domesticated taxa." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695416" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">1</figureCitation>
|
||
) and it is recognised as the distinct Tovarii clade. The closest affinities of
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. tovarii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="tovarii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. tovarii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
have been the subject of debate (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for detailed information); it has been suggested to be close to either the purple-flowered group (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. eximium" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="eximium">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. eximium</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. cardenasii" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="cardenasii">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. cardenasii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. pubescens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="pubescens">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. pubescens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) or the white-flowered species (
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Solanaceae" genus="C." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="C. baccatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="baccatum">
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C. baccatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex). An isolated position as sister group to these two groups (the Baccatum and Annuum clades which encompass the most important domesticated species) has recently been proposed for this species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" author="Carrizo Garcia, C" journalOrPublisher="Annals of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="35 - 51" refId="B79" refString="Carrizo Garcia, C, Barfuss, MHJ, Sehr, EM, Barboza, GE, Samuel, R, Moscone, EA, Ehrendorfer, F, 2016. Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae). Annals of Botany 118: 35 - 51, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" title="Phylogenetic relationships, diversification and expansion of chili peppers (Capsicum, Solanaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcw079" volume="118" year="2016">
|
||
Carrizo
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="García">Garcia</normalizedToken>
|
||
et al. 2016
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
This species has been rarely collected (<10 collections) in Central Peru and the majority of the collections have been made by the late Peruvian botanist Oscar Tovar (USM). The species deserves more field observations to better understand the morphological variation in trichome type, corolla colour, heteromorphism of styles, number of carpels, breeding system and area of distribution. The pubescence varies from glabrescent with a predominance of small glandular trichomes along leaf veins, petioles and pedicels to moderately pubescent with predominance of antrorse eglandular trichomes hiding the glandular ones (but these were somewhat visible by virtue of their dark head). The corolla colour has been annotated as purple or purple-blue in
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="Tovar´s">Tovar's</normalizedToken>
|
||
labels (e.g.
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Tovar 1867, 5012 & 5363</emphasis>
|
||
), but corollas that are entirely cream or cream with two green spots within are also reported in the protologue (Eshbaugh et al. 2013). Similar cream or pale yellow corollas have been observed in plants obtained from seeds from Pariahuanca-Huancayo (sent by O. Tovar in 1999 to A. T. Hunziker, CORD), in which corollas were pale yellow with two green spots at the base of each lobes and throat, while others had purple tones in the interpetalar membrane (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 25654</emphasis>
|
||
). In a different plant from the same seed accession (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Hunziker 25655</emphasis>
|
||
), corollas displayed an evident purple pigmentation in the lobes and adjacent zone of the throat, as was seen by Barboza in another population from Potrero, Huancayo (
|
||
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Barboza 5044</emphasis>
|
||
, Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation captionStart="Figure 118" captionStartId="F118" captionText="Figure 118. Capsicum tovarii A plant B leaf, adaxial surface C leaf, abaxial surface D node with flower buds on pendent pedicels E flower, in lateral view F, G flower in front view, showing different pattern of purple colouration H immature fruits I mature fruit. From Barboza 5044. Photos by G. E. Barboza." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.200.71667.figure118" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/695533" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">118F, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). The style is dimorphic, flowers either have short (1-1.6 mm long) or long styles (4.2-7 mm long - only a few styles measured) and the ovary is 2-4-carpellar (also needs more observations).
|
||
<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" author="Eshbaugh, WH" journalOrPublisher="Brittonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="55 - 60" refId="B148" refString="Eshbaugh, WH, Smith, PG, Nickrent, DL, 1983. Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru. Brittonia 35 (1): 55 - 60, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" title="Capsicum tovarii (Solanaceae), a new species of pepper from Peru." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/2806051" volume="35" year="1983">Eshbaugh et al. (1983)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
mentioned that the flowers were functionally unisexual or bisexual, but more information is needed to associate this with any morphological trait.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |