260 lines
18 KiB
XML
260 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50c28852-32e7-417a-aa0f-edef89506a5e" ID-GBIF-Taxon="127893248" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-4049-14-1" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2016" ModsDocID="1314-4049-14-1" ModsDocOrigin="MycoKeys 14" ModsDocTitle="Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species" checkinTime="1466061987416" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kirika, Paul M., Divakar, Pradeep K., Crespo, Ana, Mugambi, George, Orock, Elizabeth A., Leavitt, Steven D., Gatheri, Grace W. & Lumbsch, H. Thorsten" docDate="2016" docId="D1721B2AD6A34C2162D64B8D3297BDFB" docLanguage="en" docName="MycoKeys 14: 1-16" docOrigin="MycoKeys 14" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971" docTitle="Parmelinella schimperiana Kirika & Divakar, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" masterDocId="04227501FFA1FFFEFFAA2A1EFFEA1A46" masterDocTitle="Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species" masterLastPageNumber="16" masterPageNumber="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1643502799070" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Phylogenetic studies uncover a predominantly African lineage in a widely distributed lichen-forming fungal species</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Kirika, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Divakar, Pradeep K.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Crespo, Ana</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Mugambi, George</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Orock, Elizabeth A.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Leavitt, Steven D.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gatheri, Grace W.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Lumbsch, H. Thorsten</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>MycoKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2016</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>14</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>16</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.14.8971</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-4049-14-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="127893248" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:D1721B2AD6A34C2162D64B8D3297BDFB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/D1721B2AD6A34C2162D64B8D3297BDFB" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="multiple">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Taxon classification Fungi Lecanorales Parmeliaceae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName LSID="MycoBank No. MB 817294" authority="Kirika & Divakar" class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinella schimperiana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="schimperiana">Parmelinella schimperiana Kirika & Divakar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="6">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figure 2
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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KENYA, Eastern Province, Makueni Co., Wote, Ngutwa village, Matooi hill, dry woodland,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.8166666">01°49'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.1">37°66'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1400m, on bark, 12 December 2013, P. Kirika, I. Malombe & K. Matheka, 3703 (holotype: EA, isotype: F). GenBank accession number. ITS KX341985, nu LSU KX342003
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
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Morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinella wallichiana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="wallichiana">Parmelinella wallichiana</taxonomicName>
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but differs in having smaller ascospores (5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), being restricted in distribution to Africa and South India, and molecular phylogenetic position (Clade
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<normalizedToken originalValue="‘A’">'A'</normalizedToken>
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; Fig. 1).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="7" start="start">Etymology</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">The taxon name is in the honor of W.G. Schimper, the first botanist to collect lichens in East Africa.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Thallus foliose, adnate to loosely adnate, 3-7 cm across. Lobes broad, irregularly to subirregularly branched, 3-8 mm wide, rounded crenate, with rotund apices, margins ciliate. Cilia simple, frequent in the lobe axils, 0.1-0.6 mm long. Upper surface grey, grey-green smooth, emaculate, usually pruinose, thallus irregularly cracked towards the centre on older parts, isidiate. Isidia laminal, cylindrical, mostly simple or branched 0.1-0.5 mm high, concolorous with the upper surface. Medulla white. Lower surface black with more than 2 mm broad, brown papillate margins, rhizinate. Rhizines black, evenly distributed, simple, 0.2-1 mm long. Apothecia laminal, adnate to sessile, 1-5 mm in diameter. Disc concave, brown, imperforate. Asci 8-spored. Ascospores ellipsoid to subglobose, 5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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(M = 5.5-6.4
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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7.6-8.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
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SD = 0.7-1.0
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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1.0-2.3
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<normalizedToken originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
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, n = 100). Pycnidia absent.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Secondary chemistry - Cortex K+ yellow,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="UV–">UV-</normalizedToken>
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; medulla K+ yellow turning red,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="C–">C-</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="KC–">KC-</normalizedToken>
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, P+ orange-red,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="UV–">UV-</normalizedToken>
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; upper cortex with secalonic acid A and atranorin, medulla with salazinic acid.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
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Figure 2. Morphology of the new species;
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinella schimperiana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="schimperiana">Parmelinella schimperiana</taxonomicName>
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(holotype [EA]).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="8" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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and ecology.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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At present the new species is known from Kenya, Cameroon and South India. It occurs in montane regions and in dry woodland areas. It is predominantly corticolous and sometimes saxicolous rarely terricolous, found corticolous on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mangifera indica" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Cupressaceae" genus="Juniperus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Juniperus procera" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procera">Juniperus procera</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName class="Pinopsida" family="Podocarpaceae" genus="Podocarpus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podocarpus" order="Pinales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Podocarpus</taxonomicName>
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spp.,
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<taxonomicName genus="Lannaea" lsidName="Lannaea" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="genus">Lannaea</taxonomicName>
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spp. and on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
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in artificial habitats.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Additional specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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KENYA. Eastern Prov.: Marsabit Co., Marsabit National Park, Lake Paradise, disturbed forest on ridge,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.2666667">2°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.933334">37°56'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1434m, on bark, P. Kirika 4678 & H.T. Lumbsch (EA, F, MAF). Eastern Prov.: Marsabit National Park at roadside between Marsabit Lodge and Lake Paradise, forest on slope,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="2.3">2°18'N</geoCoordinate>
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.95">37°57'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1513m, on bark, P. Kirika 4715 & H.T. Lumbsch (EA, F, MAF). Eastern Prov.: Tharaka South, Chiakariga, Kijege Hill,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Commiphora" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Commiphora</taxonomicName>
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woodland,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.26666668">00°16'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.833332">37°50'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1160m, on bark, P. Kirika 3432 (EA, F). Eastern Prov.: Mwingi Co., Mumoni Hill,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eucalyptus" order="Myrtales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Eucalyptus</taxonomicName>
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plantation,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.51666665">00°31'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="38.0">38°00'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1620-1695m, on bark, P. Kirika 3487 & G. Mugambi (EA, F). Eastern Prov.: Tharaka South, Chiakariga, Kijege Hill,
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Fabales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Burseraceae" genus="Commiphora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Commiphora" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Commiphora</taxonomicName>
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-
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<taxonomicName class="Cycadopsida" family="Zamiaceae" genus="Encephalartos" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Encephalartos" order="Cycadales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Encephalartos</taxonomicName>
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woodland,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.26666668">00°16'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="37.833332">37°50'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1160m, P. Kirika 3436 (EA, F). Rift Valley: Eldama Ravine, Lembus Forest off Eldama Ravine-Eldoret Road, remnant montane forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.21666667">0°13'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="36.15">35°69'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2275m, on bark, P. Kirika 2870, G. Mugambi & H.T. Lumbsch (EA, F);
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="0.26666668">0°16'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="36.25">35°75'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2137m, on rock, P. Kirika 2815, G. Mugambi & H.T. Lumbsch (EA, F). Rift Valley: Kericho, James Finlay Tea Estate, Chomogondy, secondary forest,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.38333333">00°23'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.3">35°18'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2056m, on bark, P. Kirika 3145 (EA, F). Rift Valley: small disturbed remnant forest in tea plantation,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-0.73333335">0°44'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.516666">35°31'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2049m, on bark, P. Kirika 2974 G. Mugambi & H.T. Lumbsch (EA, F). Rift Valley: Bomet, Koiwa, Unilever riparian forest, 00°35S,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="35.283333">35°17'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2030m, on bark, P.Kirika 4900 (EA). Rift Valley: Kajiado Co., Ngong Hills, Upland grassland with rocky outcrops,
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<geoCoordinate direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-1.4">01°24'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="36.633335">36°38'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 2430m, on soil, P. Kirika 3334 (EA, F). CAMEROON. E of Mount Cameroon, vic. of Ekona, E.A. Orock 56009 (BRY-C). INDIA. S India: Tamil Nadu, Vellore distr., Yellagiri hills,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="13.5">13°30'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="79.083336">79°05'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1393m, on
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Mangifera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Mangifera indica" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="indica">Mangifera indica</taxonomicName>
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tree trunk, hill side with teak and eucalyptus vegetation, H.T., Lumbsch, P.K. Divakar, D.K. Upreti, J. Tandon 19705a (MAF).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="remarks">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinella schimperiana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="schimperiana">Parmelinella schimperiana</taxonomicName>
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is morphologically most similar to
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<taxonomicName class="Lecanoromycetes" family="Parmeliaceae" genus="Parmelinella" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Fungi" lsidName="Parmelinella wallichiana" order="Lecanorales" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Ascomycota" rank="species" species="wallichiana">Parmelinella wallichiana</taxonomicName>
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, but differs in having smaller ascospores (5-10
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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5-7.5
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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), whereas the ascospore size in P
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<taxonomicName lsidName="wallichiana" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species" species="wallichiana">wallichiana</taxonomicName>
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is: 15-20
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<normalizedToken originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
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9-14
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<normalizedToken originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |