377 lines
52 KiB
XML
377 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document id="3421F3075C8758580F9567309F92277C" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4007.2.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5ac18a71-b232-449b-8c0a-abfb92284202" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="235013" ID-ZooBank="BE8908FC-362C-4904-BB73-7E24B8169AB5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461217837647" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gagnon, Jean-Marc, Kenchington, Ellen, Port, Antony, Anstey, Lynne J. & Murillo, Francisco Javier" docDate="2015" docId="742087FBFFEB9274FF1F57E20E78FD62" docLanguage="en" docName="zt04007p180.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4007 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Acesta cryptadelphe Gagnon, Kenchington, Port, Anstey & Murillo, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="90392434-88E4-409E-BE29-156924944A3E" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="177" masterDocId="8819FF83FFFC926EFF8857750A45FFE7" masterDocTitle="Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic" masterLastPageNumber="180" masterPageNumber="151" pageNumber="174" updateTime="1698602991668" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="4FF71C16E53EA4F70F72C2263FEF8FD6">Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="7A820A852CA0DAC1FF71F985012A6379">Gagnon, Jean-Marc</mods:namePart>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FDD9246766D15E74C53A6897AB03717C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="BF853BE2E121C7238BE6F850F28B924C">Kenchington, Ellen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="1401DE7F968650461BEEC6F5684CDBA2">Port, Antony</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5A58F7A4556FCE560113B7DC8F3E8998">Anstey, Lynne J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6870BF79C6918F3076135F67D1A83DE2">Murillo, Francisco Javier</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="6AE095E382EB1B17CAADB4F3B11F8FA5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="344D263DE2FAD1BDDFBBF988F66F23B7">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="251710670907BA643C68DCDE9562FA43">4007</mods:number>
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<treatment id="742087FBFFEB9274FF1F57E20E78FD62" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5610971" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119631009" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5610971" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:90392434-88E4-409E-BE29-156924944A3E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/742087FBFFEB9274FF1F57E20E78FD62" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<subSubSection id="B4936566FFEB9279FF1F57E20BE1FF34" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF1F57E20BA8FF55" blockId="23.[151,493,151,211]" box="[151,493,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<heading id="A77E8181FFEB9279FF1F57E20BA8FF55" bold="true" box="[151,493,151,178]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF1F57E20BA8FF55" bold="true" box="[151,493,151,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFEB9279FF1F57E20BC2FF56" box="[151,391,151,177]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF1F57E20BC2FF56" bold="true" box="[151,391,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Acesta cryptadelphe</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFEB9279FE0757ED0BA8FF55" box="[399,493,152,178]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF1F57CF0BE1FF34" blockId="23.[151,493,151,211]" box="[151,420,186,211]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FF1F57CF0AA0FF34" box="[151,229,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,205,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A, B, C) In-situ images of giant file clams, Acesta sp., from The Gully, located approximately 200 kilometres off Nova Scotia, to the east of Sable Island, on the edge of the Scotian Shelf. Specimens are assumed to be A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. The cup coral and glass sponge in (B) are Desmophyllum Ehrenberg and Asconema Kent, respectively. The crinoids and glass sponge in (C) are unidentified. (D) Close-up of A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. specimen CMNML 0 97158 freshly collected with the ROPOS ROV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FF7957CE0AB8FF34" box="[241,253,187,211]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,402,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,395,1758]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of the valve of six North Atlantic groups of Acesta. (A) A. excavata; ZMUC Trondheimsfjord, Norway, 09 - 1934, right valve. (B) A. excavata; The Azores, CMNML 0 42946, mirror image of left valve. (C) A. cryptadelphe sp. nov.; Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland, CMNML 0 92957, right valve. (D) A. cryptadelphe sp. nov.; The Gully, northwest Atlantic Ocean, CMNML 0 97158, right valve. (E) A. bullisi; Gulf of Mexico, USNM 811251, mirror image of left valve. (F) A. oophaga; Gulf of Mexico, USNM 639047, mirror image of left valve. Scales = 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235016/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">3</figureCitation>
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C–D, 6, 14–16
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="B4936566FFEB9279FF1F56770F33FE14" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF1F56770ECAFE60" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF1F56770BC5FEFC" bold="true" box="[151,384,258,283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Material examined.</emphasis>
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Collection data for each sample set is shown in
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<tableCitation id="B10B0356FFEB9279FC15567709B6FEFC" box="[925,1011,258,283]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="6.[151,239,152,175]" captionTargetBox="[151,1422,202,912]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 2. Collection details of Acesta sample sets from the northwest Atlantic." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/A8F66665FFFA9268FF1F57ED09A9FF48" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" tableUuid="A8F66665FFFA9268FF1F57ED09A9FF48">Table 2</tableCitation>
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. The
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FBB856770ED7FEFC" box="[1072,1170,258,283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
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and three
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FA8056760F31FEFC" box="[1288,1396,259,283]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are from The Gully, off Nova
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<collectingCountry id="849E767DFFEB9279FE495653084EFED8" box="[449,523,294,319]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Scotia</collectingCountry>
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; nine
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FDC6565208FCFED8" box="[590,697,295,319]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are from Beothuk Knoll, off northeast Newfoundland (southwest Flemish Cap), including the tissue from two specimens separated from their respective shell; and two
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FA80563E0F36FE84" box="[1288,1395,331,355]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
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are from the main basin of Bay d’Espoir, southern Newfoundland (
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<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFEB9279FCD3561A0EC1FE60" author="Gagnon" box="[859,1156,366,391]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Gagnon, J. - M. & Haedrich, R. L. (2003) First record of the European giant file clam, Acesta excavata (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Limidae), in the northwest Atlantic. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 117, 440 - 447. Available from: http: // canadianfieldnaturalist. ca / index. php / cfn / article / viewFile / 748 / 748 (accessed 10 August 2015)" type="journal article" year="2003">Gagnon & Haedrich 2003</bibRefCitation>
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||
).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F56E70F33FE14" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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Table 3 summarizes the catalogue/accession information and basic morphological data for each specimen included in the
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FEC556C20B38FE28" box="[333,381,439,463]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
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series. All specimens are deposited in the Mollusc Collection of the Canadian Museum of Nature; five of these were used to extract partial
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<collectionCode id="9A98AE28FFEB9279FD3156AE08ACFE14" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" box="[697,745,475,499]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:14498" name="University of Coimbra Botany Department" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">COI</collectionCode>
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gene sequence datasets, which are available on GenBank.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B4936566FFEB9279FF4F568B0BAAF8E4" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="description">
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F568B084EFCBC" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF4F568B0B1CFDF0" bold="true" box="[199,345,510,535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Description.</emphasis>
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FEEB568B0B8EFDF0" box="[355,459,510,535]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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(CMNML 097156): Complete specimen, left valve preserved dry (
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FB6B568B0F7DFDF0" box="[1251,1336,510,535]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully, offshore Nova Scotia. (A) Holotype CMNML 0 97156, left valve. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.1, left valve. Scales = 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
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A), right valve (posterior margin damaged) and tissue preserved in 70% ethanol; nearly equivalved (see byssal notch below), thin, ovate with narrow hinge region (hinge length to shell width ratio = 0.43; Tab. 3), exterior light beige in colour, with whitish radial ribs in median portion of shell; anterior and posterior radial ribs most prominent, attenuating toward median region, becoming broader and flattened; at least 8–9 major growth lines irregularly interrupting radial ribs. Poorly developed anterior auricle, dorsally delineating lunule; posterior auricle extending from umbo and representing about 83% of hinge length (Tab. 3). Lunule length
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<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FC1C55A309A1FD09" box="[916,996,726,751]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="cm" value="3.5">3.5 cm</quantity>
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, representing 41% of shell length, with weak inward curve. Byssal notch indistinct on left valve with lunule inner margin nearly straight, slightly gapping on right valve, particularly toward the dorsal region of the lunule. Shell moderately inflated with highest inflation point at first third of shell length.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F54130B80FBD4" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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Shell interior translucent, glossy, whitish, with weak but demarcated muscle scars in the dorsoposterior region of the shell; pallial line weak. Hinge plate with deep, oblique, V-shape ligament pit extending from shell beak to mid-ventral edge of hinge plate. Hinge line delineating interior edge of hinge plate on either sides of ligament pit, nearly linear; ligament pit extending only slightly ventrally below hinge line; hinge length approx. 32% of shell length; hinge plate approx.
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<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FE5E54830860FBE9" box="[470,549,1014,1039]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="cm" value="0.5">0.5 cm</quantity>
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high from beak to hinge line (about 5.2 % of shell length). Umbonal cavity present behind hinge plate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F534B0F19FB24" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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Soft tissue: mantle margin uniform and unfused, without siphon, bordered by short (contracted) tentacles. Foot small with broad, distal sole with deep byssal groove; three byssal threads attached anterodorsally to base of foot. Mouth bordered above and below by short palps, forming wide “lips”; palps not connected to gills. In living animal, soft tissue bright orange in colour, with long tentacles extending from gaping mantle margin (
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FA8153DF0F0BFB24" box="[1289,1358,1194,1219]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,205,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A, B, C) In-situ images of giant file clams, Acesta sp., from The Gully, located approximately 200 kilometres off Nova Scotia, to the east of Sable Island, on the edge of the Scotian Shelf. Specimens are assumed to be A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. The cup coral and glass sponge in (B) are Desmophyllum Ehrenberg and Asconema Kent, respectively. The crinoids and glass sponge in (C) are unidentified. (D) Close-up of A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. specimen CMNML 0 97158 freshly collected with the ROPOS ROV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235015/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F53BB0E30F994" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
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Character variations within
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<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FD8753BA087AFB00" box="[527,575,1231,1255]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
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series: Tables 3 and 6 and
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FC1D53BB09BCFB01" box="[917,1017,1230,1255]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,195,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scatter plots comparing various shell measurements and ratio for the ten different groups of Acesta examined in this study. Regression lines in (E) are shown for A. excavata (black line), the Newfoundland group (blue line), A. rathbuni (purple line) and A. oophaga (light blue power-function curve); intersect is set at 0 for all regressions." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235020/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figure 7</figureCitation>
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present some of the morphometric variations between specimens. Shell thin, almost transparent in smallest specimen (CMNML 0 97162,
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FAB153870FCBFAEC" box="[1337,1422,1266,1291]" captionStart="FIGURE 15" captionStartId="25.[151,250,876,898]" captionTargetBox="[168,1420,206,833]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,193,854]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 15. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from Beothuk Knoll, southwest Flemish Cap. (A) Paratype CMNML 0 97159.1, left valve; scale = 5 cm. (B) CMNML 0 97162, left valve; scale = 0.2 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235028/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 15</figureCitation>
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), whitish to beige, translucent in some intermediate specimens (CMNML 0 97158,
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<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FBC352630ED5FAC8" box="[1099,1168,1302,1327]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1797,1819]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,402,1725]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[151,1436,395,1758]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 3. External and internal views of the valve of six North Atlantic groups of Acesta. (A) A. excavata; ZMUC Trondheimsfjord, Norway, 09 - 1934, right valve. (B) A. excavata; The Azores, CMNML 0 42946, mirror image of left valve. (C) A. cryptadelphe sp. nov.; Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland, CMNML 0 92957, right valve. (D) A. cryptadelphe sp. nov.; The Gully, northwest Atlantic Ocean, CMNML 0 97158, right valve. (E) A. bullisi; Gulf of Mexico, USNM 811251, mirror image of left valve. (F) A. oophaga; Gulf of Mexico, USNM 639047, mirror image of left valve. Scales = 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235016/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
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D; CMNML 0 97157.1,
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FF1F524F0AA5FAB4" box="[151,224,1338,1363]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully, offshore Nova Scotia. (A) Holotype CMNML 0 97156, left valve. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.1, left valve. Scales = 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig.14</figureCitation>
|
||
B) and thick, opaque with patchy whitish, beige to light brown exterior and white interior in oldest specimens (e.g., CMNML 0 92958, CMNML 097161.1); highest valve inflation point closer to middle of shell length in larger specimens (valve inflation to shell length ratio ranges from 0.15 to 0.26;
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FB1B52F70E93FA7C" box="[1171,1238,1410,1435]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,195,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scatter plots comparing various shell measurements and ratio for the ten different groups of Acesta examined in this study. Regression lines in (E) are shown for A. excavata (black line), the Newfoundland group (blue line), A. rathbuni (purple line) and A. oophaga (light blue power-function curve); intersect is set at 0 for all regressions." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235020/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
E), shell width to length ratio ranges from 0.74 to 0.84. Lunule of variable length relative to shell length with ratios ranging from 0.22 to 0.58 (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FEBE52BF0B39FA04" box="[310,380,1482,1507]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1688,1710]" captionTargetBox="[152,1433,195,1639]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[151,1436,194,1666]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 7. Scatter plots comparing various shell measurements and ratio for the ten different groups of Acesta examined in this study. Regression lines in (E) are shown for A. excavata (black line), the Newfoundland group (blue line), A. rathbuni (purple line) and A. oophaga (light blue power-function curve); intersect is set at 0 for all regressions." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235020/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
C). Byssal notch usually represented by slight gapping of right valve, occasionally on both valves (e.g., CMNML 097157.1). Hinge length to shell length ratio ranges from 0.24 to 0.32; hinge plate height to shell length ratio varies from
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FE6D51660804F9CC" box="[485,577,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.874" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="in" value="0.031">0.031 in</quantity>
|
||
smallest specimens (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FCE151670980F9CC" box="[873,965,1554,1579]" captionStart="FIGURE 14" captionStartId="24.[151,250,1934,1956]" captionTargetBox="[153,1428,209,1891]" captionTargetId="figure@24.[151,1436,193,1913]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="FIGURE 14. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully, offshore Nova Scotia. (A) Holotype CMNML 0 97156, left valve. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.1, left valve. Scales = 5 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235027/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figs. 14</figureCitation>
|
||
B, 15B) to
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FBCA51660EDAF9CC" box="[1090,1183,1554,1579]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5907999999999998" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="in" value="0.102">0.102 in</quantity>
|
||
older specimens (e.g.,
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FF1F51430AACF9A8" box="[151,233,1590,1615]" captionStart="FIGURE 16" captionStartId="25.[151,250,1536,1558]" captionTargetBox="[169,1411,997,1501]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[151,1436,978,1515]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURE 16. Close-up internal view of the hinge of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully (offshore Nova Scotia), Bay d’Espoir (Newfoundland), and Beothuk Knoll (southwest Flemish Cap). (A) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.2, left valve; The Gully. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 92958, left valve; Bay d’Espoir. (C) Paratype CMNML 0 97160.1, left valve; Beothuk Knoll. (D) Paratype CMNML 0 97159.2, right valve; Beothuk Knoll. Scales = 1 cm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235029/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 16</figureCitation>
|
||
B, D); hinge length to shell-width-ratio ranges from 0.30 to 0.43. Prominence of radial ribs on exterior of valves variable, faint in some specimens (e.g., CMNML 0 97160.2, CMNML 097161.1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F510B0BAAF8E4" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
The two specimens with well-preserved larval shell from The Gully and Beothuk Knoll (
|
||
<tableCitation id="B10B0356FFEB9279FB2D510B0EABF970" box="[1189,1262,1662,1687]" captionStart="TABLE 5" captionStartId="11.[151,244,1225,1250]" captionText="TABLE 5. Comparisons of larval shell sizes for six Acesta specimens from Norway fjords and the northwest Atlantic." pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Tab. 5</tableCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FB72510B0F79F970" box="[1274,1340,1662,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="12.[151,250,682,704]" captionTargetBox="[159,1426,278,651]" captionTargetId="figure@12.[151,1436,267,660]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="FIGURE 6. Larval shells of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from the northwest Atlantic, viewed under high-magnification stereomicroscope. (A) The Gully, CMNML 0 97157.2, left valve (same as Fig. 16 A). (B) Beothuk Knoll, CMNML 0 97162, left valve (same as Fig. 15 B). Scales = 200 µm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235019/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
) display a dome-shaped, subcircular prodissoconch (P1), with a uniform glossy surface; shell
|
||
<typeStatus id="2332884FFFEB9279FBD851D60EC5F95C" box="[1104,1152,1699,1723]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">type</typeStatus>
|
||
2D (or 2C?) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFEB9279FA9551D70B68F938" author="Malchus" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" refString="Malchus, N. & Sartori, A. F. (2013) Part N, Revised, Volume 1, Chapter 4: The early shell: Ontology, features and evolution. Treatise Online, 61, 1 - 144." type="book chapter" year="2013">Malchus & Sartori 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Their lengths vary between 241 and 261 µm. A prodissoconch 2 region could not be clearly identified by light microscopy.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4936566FFEB9279FF4F507B0913F889" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F507B0913F889" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF4F507B0B25F8C0" bold="true" box="[199,352,1806,1831]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Only known from the material examined, off Nova
|
||
<collectingCountry id="849E767DFFEB9279FC30507B0E44F8C0" box="[952,1025,1806,1831]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
, in The Gully, from
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FB65507B0FD2F8C1" box="[1261,1431,1806,1831]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.3" metricValueMax="12.41" metricValueMin="6.1899999999999995" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="930.0" valueMax="1241.0" valueMin="619.0">619 to 1241 m</quantity>
|
||
, and around Beothuk Knoll, southwest Flemish Cap, from
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FC95504609F6F8AD" box="[797,947,1843,1867]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.99" metricValueMax="8.879999999999999" metricValueMin="7.1" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="799.0" valueMax="888.0" valueMin="710.0">710 to 888 m</quantity>
|
||
, and from Newfoundland in Bay d’Espoir’s Main Basin, from approx.
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFEB9279FE485022081DF889" box="[448,600,1878,1903]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.925" metricValueMax="7.85" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" unit="m" value="592.5" valueMax="785.0" valueMin="400.0">
|
||
400 to
|
||
<specimenCount id="EA8FFD64FFEB9279FD865023081DF889" box="[526,600,1878,1903]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="generic">785 m</specimenCount>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFEB9279FD1A502308B5F888" box="[658,752,1878,1903]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,1249,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,1249,1943]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the sampling sites where giant file clams (Acesta) were collected and observed in the northwest Atlantic. Base map generated with GeoMapApp (http: // www. geomapapp. org) (Ryan et al. 2009)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235014/files/figure.png" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Figure 1</figureCitation>
|
||
for map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4936566FFEB9279FF4F500F0B22F83C" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFEB9279FF4F500F0B22F83C" blockId="23.[151,1437,258,2011]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FF4F500F0B0BF874" bold="true" box="[199,334,1914,1939]" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
From the terms “crypto”, meaning hidden or concealed, and “adelphe”, meaning sister or sibling, referring to the very similar shell morphology between this northwest Atlantic species and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFEB9279FB1650EA0F11F851" box="[1182,1364,1951,1974]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="23" pageNumber="174" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="excavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFEB9279FB1650EA0F11F851" box="[1182,1364,1951,1974]" italics="true" pageId="23" pageNumber="174">Acesta excavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the northeast Atlantic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="A8F66665FFE49276FF1F50FB0EE2F824" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235027/files/figure.png" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" targetBox="[153,1428,209,1891]" targetPageId="24">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE49276FF1F50FB0EE2F824" blockId="24.[151,1437,1934,1987]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE49276FF1F50FB0B5AF844" bold="true" box="[151,287,1934,1956]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">FIGURE 14.</emphasis>
|
||
External and internal views of the valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE49276FD6F50FA09F0F843" box="[743,949,1934,1956]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE49276FD6F50FA09F0F843" box="[743,949,1934,1956]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">Acesta cryptadelphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFE49276FC3450FA0E48F843" box="[956,1037,1935,1956]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE49276FC3450FA0E48F843" bold="true" box="[956,1037,1935,1956]" pageId="24" pageNumber="175">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from The Gully, offshore Nova Scotia. (A) Holotype CMNML 0 97156, left valve. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.1, left valve. Scales = 5 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A8F66665FFE59277FF1F54190F4FFC47" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235028/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" targetBox="[168,1420,206,833]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE59277FF1F54190F4FFC47" blockId="25.[151,1436,876,928]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FF1F54190B5BFC66" bold="true" box="[151,286,876,898]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 15.</emphasis>
|
||
External and internal views of the valves of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FD56541909EEFC65" box="[734,939,876,898]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FD56541909EEFC65" box="[734,939,876,898]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acesta cryptadelphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFE59277FC3954190E44FC66" box="[945,1025,876,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FC3954190E44FC66" bold="true" box="[945,1025,876,897]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from Beothuk Knoll, southwest Flemish Cap. (A) Paratype CMNML 0 97159.1, left valve; scale = 5 cm. (B) CMNML 0 97162, left valve; scale = 0.2 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="A8F66665FFE59277FF1F517509E7F995" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235029/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" targetBox="[169,1411,997,1501]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE59277FF1F517509E7F995" blockId="25.[151,1436,1536,1650]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FF1F51750B5CF9F2" bold="true" box="[151,281,1536,1558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">FIGURE 16</emphasis>
|
||
. Close-up internal view of the hinge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FD255174093EF9F1" box="[685,891,1536,1558]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FD255174093EF9F1" box="[685,891,1536,1558]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acesta cryptadelphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFE59277FC0A51740996F9F1" box="[898,979,1537,1558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FC0A51740996F9F1" bold="true" box="[898,979,1537,1558]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
from The Gully (offshore Nova Scotia), Bay d’Espoir (Newfoundland), and Beothuk Knoll (southwest Flemish Cap). (A) Paratype CMNML 0 97157.2, left valve; The Gully. (B) Paratype CMNML 0 92958, left valve; Bay d’Espoir. (C) Paratype CMNML 0 97160.1, left valve; Beothuk Knoll. (D) Paratype CMNML 0 97159.2, right valve; Beothuk Knoll. Scales = 1 cm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B4936566FFE59274FF4F51EA0E78FD62" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE59277FF4F51EA0910F88B" blockId="25.[151,1436,1695,2008]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FF4F51EA0B7EF95F" bold="true" box="[199,315,1695,1720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
There is no DNA information available for the specimens collected by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFE59277FBED51D50FD9F95F" author="Gagnon" box="[1125,1436,1695,1720]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" refString="Gagnon, J. - M. & Haedrich, R. L. (2003) First record of the European giant file clam, Acesta excavata (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Limidae), in the northwest Atlantic. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 117, 440 - 447. Available from: http: // canadianfieldnaturalist. ca / index. php / cfn / article / viewFile / 748 / 748 (accessed 10 August 2015)" type="journal article" year="2003">Gagnon & Haedrich (2003)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland. However, according to our shell shape analysis, the specimens cluster with the Beothuk Knoll and The Gully specimens, which plot marginally outside the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FC6F519D0ED9F918" box="[999,1180,1768,1791]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="excavata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FC6F519D0ED9F918" box="[999,1180,1768,1791]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acesta excavata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
cluster suggesting that they share close genetic affinities. The specimens from the Azores also cluster along with the Newfoundland and Nova
|
||
<collectingCountry id="849E767DFFE59277FF52505A0B65F8AF" box="[218,288,1839,1864]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
specimens in the shell shape analysis, and may also represent
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FC5250450ECEF8A0" box="[986,1163,1839,1863]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FC5250450ECEF8A0" box="[986,1163,1839,1863]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. cryptadelphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFE59277FB1A505A0EAEF8AF" box="[1170,1259,1839,1864]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FB1A505A0EAEF8AF" bold="true" box="[1170,1259,1839,1864]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Further genetic work on Azorean specimens is required to test that hypothesis.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE59274FF4F50020B38FF33" blockId="25.[151,1436,1695,2008]" lastBlockId="26.[151,1437,151,645]" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="177" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">
|
||
The molecular data indicate that the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FD07500D089FF868" box="[655,730,1912,1935]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FD07500D089FF868" box="[655,730,1912,1935]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, including
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FC40500D0EC4F868" box="[968,1153,1911,1935]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="cryptadelphe" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FC40500D0EC4F868" box="[968,1153,1911,1935]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">A. cryptadelphe</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D5CE5784FFE59277FB1850020EB7F877" box="[1168,1266,1911,1936]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FB1850020EB7F877" bold="true" box="[1168,1266,1911,1936]" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">sp. nov.</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, each form a monophyletic clade (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFE59277FE0150EE0BAFF853" box="[393,490,1947,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 12" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1949,1971]" captionTargetBox="[478,1109,201,1915]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[468,1116,193,1922]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 12. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Acesta, Lima and Limaria species by Maximum Likelihood method based on partial COI gene sequences (589 bp). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235025/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Figs. 12</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFE59277FE7150E9085DF853" box="[505,536,1948,1972]" captionStart="FIGURE 13" captionStartId="20.[151,250,1920,1942]" captionTargetBox="[460,1105,198,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@20.[449,1120,193,1884]" captionTargetPageId="20" captionText="FIGURE 13. Maximum parsimony consensus tree of Acesta taxa inferred from 66 most parsimonious trees. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50 % trees are collapsed. The percentage of parsimonious trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. The root was placed on the branch leading to Lima lima (Linnaeus, 1758) and the Limaria Link, 1807, species." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235026/files/figure.png" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">13</figureCitation>
|
||
). The specimens from Newfoundland (Beothuk Knoll) and Nova
|
||
<collectingCountry id="849E767DFFE59277FA9F50EE0F18F853" box="[1303,1373,1947,1972]" name="United Kingdom" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Scotia</collectingCountry>
|
||
(The Gully) have a low genetic divergence (average 0.012) comparable to that of other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE59277FBCA50B50EC8F830" box="[1090,1165,1984,2007]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="25" pageNumber="176" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE59277FBCA50B50EC8F830" box="[1090,1165,1984,2007]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="176">Acesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species (range 0.003 to 0.012), and with divergence from other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FDDB57ED08DBFF48" box="[595,670,152,175]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FDDB57ED08DBFF48" box="[595,670,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Acesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species an order of magnitude greater; ranging from 0.103 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FAB757ED0FD6FF48" box="[1343,1427,152,175]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="mori">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FAB757ED0FD6FF48" box="[1343,1427,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A. mori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) to 0.166 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FE8B57C90B28FF33" box="[259,365,188,212]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="sphoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FE8B57C90B28FF33" box="[259,365,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">A. sphoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FC3636EDFFE69274FF4F57AA0E78FD62" blockId="26.[151,1437,151,645]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FF4F57AA0807FF1F" bold="true" box="[199,578,223,248]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Habitat and species association.</emphasis>
|
||
In the northwest Atlantic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFE69274FCF857AA09F7FF1F" box="[880,946,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1970,1992]" captionTargetBox="[171,1414,1249,1940]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[171,1415,1249,1943]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the sampling sites where giant file clams (Acesta) were collected and observed in the northwest Atlantic. Base map generated with GeoMapApp (http: // www. geomapapp. org) (Ryan et al. 2009)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235014/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), all specimens were found associated with rocky substrates below
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFE69274FE1756710BA3FEFB" box="[415,486,260,284]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="400.0">400 m</quantity>
|
||
water depth, either on isolated outcrops, under overhangs or on rock walls. The first two specimens of giant file clams found in Bay d’Espoir, Newfoundland, were associated with a near-vertical underwater cliff and isolated outcrops at depths ranging from
|
||
<quantity id="3B719B08FFE69274FCC35639099AFE83" box="[843,991,332,356]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" unit="m" value="600.0" valueMax="800.0" valueMin="400.0">400 to 800 m</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFE69274FC6656390F53FE83" author="Gagnon" box="[1006,1302,332,357]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Gagnon, J. - M. & Haedrich, R. L. (2003) First record of the European giant file clam, Acesta excavata (Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Limidae), in the northwest Atlantic. The Canadian Field-Naturalist, 117, 440 - 447. Available from: http: // canadianfieldnaturalist. ca / index. php / cfn / article / viewFile / 748 / 748 (accessed 10 August 2015)" type="journal article" year="2003">Gagnon & Haedrich 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A manned diving excursion with a submersible along two vertical transects of this fjord’s rock walls (Goblin Head;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFE69274FABD561A0B0BFE4B" author="Haedrich" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Haedrich, R. L. & Gagnon, J. - M. (1991) Rock wall fauna of Newfoundland Fjords. Continental Shelf Research, 11, 1199 - 1208. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / 0278 - 4343 (91) 90097 - P" type="journal article" year="1991">Haedrich & Gagnon 1991</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) revealed large numbers of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FD0356E10893FE4C" box="[651,726,404,427]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FD0356E10893FE4C" box="[651,726,404,427]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Acesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens but none of the typical cold-water coral association (i.e.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FF5456CD0B8CFE37" box="[220,457,440,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FF5456CD0B8CFE37" box="[220,457,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Paragorgia arborea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FE6A56CD0992FE37" box="[482,983,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FE6A56CD08B2FE37" box="[482,759,440,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">Primnoa resedaeformis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FC8556CD0992FE37" box="[781,983,440,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Lophelia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="pertusa">Lophelia pertusa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FBAC56CD0FD0FE37" authority="Linnaeus" authorityName="Linnaeus" box="[1060,1429,439,464]" class="Anthozoa" family="Oculinidae" genus="Madrepora" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="oculata">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FBAC56CD0F4CFE37" box="[1060,1289,440,464]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Madrepora oculata</emphasis>
|
||
(Linnaeus)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FF1F56A90834FE12" authority="Ehrenberg. In The Gully" authorityName="Ehrenberg. In The Gully" box="[151,625,476,501]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Desmophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FF1F56A90B7AFE13" box="[151,319,476,500]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Desmophyllum</emphasis>
|
||
Ehrenberg. In The Gully
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FD0A56A90888FE14" box="[642,717,476,499]" class="Bivalvia" family="Limidae" genus="Acesta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Limoida" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FD0A56A90888FE14" box="[642,717,476,499]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Acesta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens occur on steep cliffs and other rock surfaces, in association with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FEE955750892FDFF" authority="Esper" authorityName="Esper" box="[353,727,512,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Desmophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dianthus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FEE955750833FDFF" box="[353,630,512,536]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Desmophyllum dianthus</emphasis>
|
||
(Esper)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="64B22A68FFE69274FD65568A0972FDFF" box="[749,823,511,536]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1190,1212]" captionTargetBox="[163,1423,205,1154]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,193,1169]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. (A, B, C) In-situ images of giant file clams, Acesta sp., from The Gully, located approximately 200 kilometres off Nova Scotia, to the east of Sable Island, on the edge of the Scotian Shelf. Specimens are assumed to be A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. The cup coral and glass sponge in (B) are Desmophyllum Ehrenberg and Asconema Kent, respectively. The crinoids and glass sponge in (C) are unidentified. (D) Close-up of A. cryptadelphe sp. nov. specimen CMNML 0 97158 freshly collected with the ROPOS ROV." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/235015/files/figure.png" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
B),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FCEF55750E30FDFF" authority="Koelliker" authorityName="Koelliker" box="[871,1141,511,536]" class="Anthozoa" family="Plexauridae" genus="Paramuricea" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FCEF557509BEFDF0" box="[871,1019,512,535]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Paramuricea</emphasis>
|
||
Koelliker
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and occasionally in the vicinity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FE9E5550099BFDDB" authority="(Gunnerus) (Kenchington et al. 2014)" authorityName="(Gunnerus) (Kenchington et al." authorityYear="2014" box="[278,990,548,573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FE9E55500865FDDB" box="[278,544,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Primnoa resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
(Gunnerus) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFE69274FD3155510993FDDB" author="Kenchington" box="[697,982,548,573]" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Kenchington, E., Cogswell, A., MacIsaac, K., Beazley, L., Law, B. & Kenchington, T. (2014) Limited depth zonation among bathyal epibenthic megafauna of the Gully submarine canyon, northwest Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research II, 104, 67 - 82. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. dsr 2.2013.08.016" type="journal article" year="2014">
|
||
Kenchington
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FCDD555009CDFDDB" box="[853,904,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2014
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Around Beothuk Knoll,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="98184B1CFFE69274FA8B55510AA5FD87" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" refString="Murillo, F. J., Duran Munoz, P., Altuna, A. & Serrano, A. (2011) Distribution of deep-water corals of the Flemish Cap, Flemish Pass and the Grand Banks of Newfoundland (northwest Atlantic Ocean): interaction with fishing activities. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68, 319 - 332. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / icesjms / fsq 071" type="journal article">
|
||
Murillo
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FAE955500FD1FDDB" box="[1377,1428,548,572]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. (2011)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FEC4553D0932FD87" box="[332,887,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FEC4553D086BFD87" box="[332,558,584,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Paragorgiidae" genus="Paragorgia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="arborea">Paragorgia arborea</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FDE0553D0932FD87" box="[616,887,584,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Caryophylliidae" genus="Desmophyllum" kingdom="Animalia" order="Scleractinia" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="dianthus">Desmophyllum dianthus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FC6B553D0EAFFD87" box="[995,1258,584,608]" class="Anthozoa" family="Primnoidae" genus="Primnoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="resedaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FC6B553D0EAFFD87" box="[995,1258,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Primnoa resedaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B894D6EFFE69274FAA9553D0BCCFD63" authority="M. Sars" authorityName="M. Sars" class="Anthozoa" family="Anthothelidae" genus="Anthothela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Alcyonacea" pageId="26" pageNumber="177" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="grandiflora">
|
||
<emphasis id="CEFDEAFFFFE69274FAA9553D0B5DFD63" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="177">Anthothela grandiflora</emphasis>
|
||
(M. Sars)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are present within Flemish Pass, just north of Beothuk Knoll.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |