173 lines
21 KiB
XML
173 lines
21 KiB
XML
<document id="B338198232E8B4FFC011CABB29B6DF8F" ID-CLB-Dataset="25983" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4657.3.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="3414318d-7570-49ac-9013-be4e1f1e6347" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3371886" ID-ZooBank="86DD93B2-E8F4-4174-B105-9436357CB4B6" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1566284110186" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Lambert, Gretchen" docDate="2019" docId="6A2E3761A927FFD31390F96ADE28FCED" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4657.3.1.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4657 (3)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Styela montereyensis" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="423" masterDocId="96174F19A932FFC51307FFF3DC63FFD6" masterDocTitle="The Ascidiacea collected during the 2017 British Columbia Hakai MarineGEO BioBlitz" masterLastPageNumber="436" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="422" updateTime="1698751689998" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="CCD83E7CBC51C4C61B194B78B873C1AF">The Ascidiacea collected during the 2017 British Columbia Hakai MarineGEO BioBlitz</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="327B52BD1BA83F4CDE015F43E4BA91DE">Lambert, Gretchen</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="84DBEDCBA43D6D076DD92DFD60518BB9">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="243C89E5BA79AE6FD5198B9880C97F4E">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A850A2B00D389C80858E8D29D4A8377">4657</mods:number>
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<treatment id="6A2E3761A927FFD31390F96ADE28FCED" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5941223" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159167956" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5941223" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A2E3761A927FFD31390F96ADE28FCED" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6A2E3761A927FFD31390F96ADE28FCED" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<subSubSection id="AA9DD5FCA927FFD01390F96ADE4EF965" box="[151,557,1689,1716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F96ADE4EF965" blockId="21.[151,557,1689,1751]" box="[151,557,1689,1716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<heading id="B970311BA927FFD01390F96ADE4EF965" bold="true" box="[151,557,1689,1716]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" reason="1">
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<taxonomicName id="2587FDF4A927FFD01390F96ADE4EF965" authority="(Dall, 1872)" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[151,557,1689,1716]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montereyensis">
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<emphasis id="D0F35A65A927FFD01390F96ADE4EF965" bold="true" box="[151,557,1689,1716]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<emphasis id="D0F35A65A927FFD01390F96ADDF6F965" bold="true" box="[151,405,1689,1716]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Styela montereyensis</emphasis>
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(Dall, 1872)
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="AA9DD5FCA927FFD31390F94EDE28FCED" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="423" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F94EDD77F901" blockId="21.[151,557,1689,1751]" box="[151,276,1725,1751]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<figureCitation id="7ABC9AF2A927FFD01390F94EDD77F901" box="[151,276,1725,1751]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="22.[151,250,1641,1666]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,849,1621]" captionTargetId="figure@22.[151,1435,849,1621]" captionTargetPageId="22" captionText="FIGURE 11. Styelidae. A: Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis about 2 cm in width; B: Metandrocarpa dura; C: M. taylori; D: Styela gibbsii 1.7 cm in length; E: S. montereyensis, longest one 8 cm; F: S. truncata 2 cm in length. Scale bars: B, 1 mm; C, 2.5 mm. A and F photos by G. Paulay." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3371908/files/figure.png" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Figure 11E</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F8F2D8C2F8CF" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" box="[151,1185,1792,1818]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation id="52EF8C2AA927FFD01390F8F2D8FEF8CF" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2336841837" box="[151,1181,1792,1818]" collectionCode="IHAK" elevation="18" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="IHAK 20" specimenCount="18">
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<specimenCode id="B2212E0CA927FFD01390F8F2DC95F8CF" box="[151,246,1793,1817]" collectionCode="IHAK" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">IHAK 20</specimenCode>
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BHAK 0658 UF 2507. Meay Channel, Scuba,
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<specimenCount id="F4814DFEA927FFD011D2F8F2DF73F8CF" box="[725,784,1793,1817]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">
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<quantity id="257F2B92A927FFD011D2F8F2DF6FF8CF" box="[725,780,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="18.0">
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<elevation id="69AA6144A927FFD011D2F8F2DF6FF8CF" box="[725,780,1793,1817]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.8" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="18.0">18 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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One young specimen, but with gonads
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F8D3DF68F8E1" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" box="[151,779,1823,1848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation id="52EF8C2AA927FFD01390F8D3DF68F8E1" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2336841839" box="[151,779,1823,1848]" collectionCode="IHAK" elevation="5" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="IHAK 28" specimenCount="5">
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<specimenCode id="B2212E0CA927FFD01390F8D3DC95F8EE" box="[151,246,1824,1848]" collectionCode="IHAK" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">IHAK 28</specimenCode>
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BHAK 1691 UF 2518. Second Beach, snorkel,
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<specimenCount id="F4814DFEA927FFD011D9F8ECDF68F8E1" box="[734,779,1823,1848]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">
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<quantity id="257F2B92A927FFD011D9F8ECDF6BF8E1" box="[734,776,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<elevation id="69AA6144A927FFD011D9F8ECDF6BF8E1" box="[734,776,1823,1848]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F8CCDEECF880" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" box="[151,655,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation id="52EF8C2AA927FFD01390F8CCDEECF880" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2336841571" box="[151,655,1854,1879]" collectionCode="IHAK" elevation="5" location="Crazy Town" municipality="Scuba" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="IHAK 37" specimenCount="5">
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<specimenCode id="B2212E0CA927FFD01390F8CCDC95F881" box="[151,246,1855,1879]" collectionCode="IHAK" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">IHAK 37</specimenCode>
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<location id="E758D0ACA927FFD013FBF8CCDD1BF880" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6A2E3761A927FFD31390F96ADE28FCED:E758D0ACA927FFD013FBF8CCDD1BF880" box="[252,376,1855,1879]" municipality="Scuba" name="Crazy Town" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Crazy Town</location>
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surge channel,
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<collectingMunicipality id="025C1C0DA927FFD01110F8CDDE34F881" box="[535,599,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Scuba</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<specimenCount id="F4814DFEA927FFD01166F8CDDEECF880" box="[609,655,1854,1879]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">
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<quantity id="257F2B92A927FFD01166F8CDDEE8F880" box="[609,651,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="5.0">
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<elevation id="69AA6144A927FFD01166F8CDDEE8F880" box="[609,651,1854,1879]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="5.0">5 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F8AEDE99F8A3" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" box="[151,762,1884,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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<materialsCitation id="52EF8C2AA927FFD01390F8AEDE96F8A3" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="2336841670" box="[151,757,1884,1909]" collectionCode="IHAK" elevation="21" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" specimenCode="IHAK 60" specimenCount="21">
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<specimenCode id="B2212E0CA927FFD01390F8AEDC95F8A3" box="[151,246,1884,1909]" collectionCode="IHAK" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">IHAK 60</specimenCode>
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Rattenbury Pinnacle, Scuba,
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<specimenCount id="F4814DFEA927FFD01125F8AEDE3FF8A3" box="[546,604,1885,1909]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" type="generic">
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<quantity id="257F2B92A927FFD01125F8AEDE3AF8A3" box="[546,601,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="21.0">
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||
<elevation id="69AA6144A927FFD01125F8AEDE3AF8A3" box="[546,601,1885,1909]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="m" value="21.0">21 m</elevation>
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</quantity>
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.
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</specimenCount>
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One specimen
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F88FD8CBF864" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
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RHAK 6, BHAK 0626, 0627 UF 2477, 2478. South wall Seventh Beach, low intertidal tidepool. Two young specimens, immature, 7 and
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<quantity id="257F2B92A927FFD0125FF868DDE9F864" box="[344,394,1947,1971]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" unit="cm" value="8.0">8 cm</quantity>
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long. At base of one, coralline algae and tiny colony of
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<taxonomicName id="2587FDF4A927FFD010C5F869D8C2F864" authorityName="Bancroft" authorityYear="1899" box="[962,1185,1946,1970]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Holozoidae" genus="Distaplia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enterogona" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="occidentalis">
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<emphasis id="D0F35A65A927FFD010C5F869D8C2F864" box="[962,1185,1946,1970]" italics="true" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">Distaplia occidentalis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A927FFD01390F84ADE58F807" blockId="21.[151,1436,1792,2001]" box="[151,571,1976,2001]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">ZHAK 35 Sasquatch Commode tidepool.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E2388677A924FFD31390FF6AD906FDE9" blockId="22.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
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This species is very slender, with a long stalk that is usually more than half the total length of the animal. Maximum size may reach
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<quantity id="257F2B92A924FFD31243FF4EDDEAFF01" box="[324,393,189,215]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" unit="cm" value="30.0">30 cm</quantity>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31290FF4EDE33FF01" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[407,592,188,215]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref18197" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
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), though most specimens are substantially smaller. The tunic on the body is deeply furrowed longitudinally, the furrows continuing more shallowly on the stalk. Both siphons are at the anterior end of the body, the oral siphon always recurved posteriorly or ventrally, away from the atrial siphon. The long flexible stalk and recurved oral siphon are important in orienting the animal in the high current environments, especially surge channels, that it prefers (
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD312EFFEBEDF7BFEB1" author="Young, C. M. & Braithwaite, L. F." box="[488,792,333,359]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="428 - 440" refId="ref18229" refString="Young, C. M. & Braithwaite, L. F. (1980) Orientation and current-induced flow in the stalked ascidian Styela montereyensis. Biological Bulletin, 159, 428 - 440. https: // doi. org / 10.2307 / 154110 5" type="journal article" year="1980">Young & Braithwaite 1980</bibRefCitation>
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). Dorsal tubercle large, as described in Van Name.At least six longitudinal vessels between the four pharyngeal folds on each side, though the number varies with size; there may be more than 10 vessels between each fold in large animals, and only three or four in small specimens.
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31657FE66DD44FE02" author="Huntsman, A. G." pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="103 - 185" refId="ref16206" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 b) Holosomatous ascidians from the coast of western Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1906 - 1910, 103 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 06 - 010 b" type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman (1912b)</bibRefCitation>
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catalogued these size–related variables in a study of numerous specimens. There are two long ovaries on each side, with numerous short usually branched testes along the sides of each. A detailed morphological description is given by
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD3124BFDF2DE42FDCA" author="Huntsman, A. G." box="[332,545,513,540]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="103 - 185" refId="ref16206" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 b) Holosomatous ascidians from the coast of western Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1906 - 1910, 103 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 06 - 010 b" type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman (1912b)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD3112AFDF2DF5BFDCD" author="Ritter, W. E. & Forsyth, R. A." box="[557,824,513,539]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="439 - 512" refId="ref17848" refString="Ritter, W. E. & Forsyth, R. A. (1917) Ascidians of the littoral zone of southern California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 16, 439 - 512." type="journal article" year="1917">Ritter & Forsyth (1917)</bibRefCitation>
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||
and
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31068FDF2D859FDCD" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[879,1082,512,539]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref18197" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name (1945)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. Distribution:
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<collectingRegion id="20434895A924FFD317DDFDF2D9FFFDCD" box="[1242,1436,513,539]" country="Canada" name="British Columbia" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">British Columbia</collectingRegion>
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to southern
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<collectingRegion id="20434895A924FFD3121CFDD6DDEEFDE9" box="[283,397,549,575]" country="United States of America" name="California" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">California</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD3129CFDD6DE02FDE9" author="Huntsman, A. G." box="[411,609,549,575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="103 - 185" refId="ref16206" refString="Huntsman, A. G. (1912 b) Holosomatous ascidians from the coast of western Canada. Contributions to Canadian Biology 1906 - 1910, 103 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / f 06 - 010 b" type="journal article" year="1912">Huntsman 1912b</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD3116BFDD6DF04FDE9" author="Ritter, W. E. & Forsyth, R. A." box="[620,871,549,575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="439 - 512" refId="ref17848" refString="Ritter, W. E. & Forsyth, R. A. (1917) Ascidians of the littoral zone of southern California. University of California Publications in Zoology, 16, 439 - 512." type="journal article" year="1917">Ritter & Forsyth 1917</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31074FDD6D849FDE9" author="Van Name, W. G." box="[883,1066,548,575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="1 - 476" refId="ref18197" refString="Van Name, W. G. (1945) The North and South American ascidians. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 84, 1 - 476." type="journal article" year="1945">Van Name 1945</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31733FDD6D93AFDE9" author="Abbott, D. P. & Newberry, A. T." box="[1076,1369,549,575]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="177 - 226" refId="ref15566" refString="Abbott, D. P. & Newberry, A. T. (1980) Urochordata: the tunicates. In: Morris, R. H., Abbott, D. P. & Haderlie, E. C. (Eds.), Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford, California, Stanford University Press, pp. 177 - 226 + P 57 - P 67." type="journal article" year="1980">Abbott & Newberry 1980</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E2388677A924FFD313C0FDBADE28FCED" blockId="22.[151,1437,153,827]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">
|
||
The somewhat similar, introduced,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2587FDF4A924FFD31153FDBADFF7FDB5" authority="Herdman, 1881" authorityName="Herdman" authorityYear="1881" box="[596,916,585,611]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="clava">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0F35A65A924FFD31153FDBADEBEFDB5" box="[596,733,585,611]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Styela clava</emphasis>
|
||
Herdman, 1881
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, native to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9A90C6E7A924FFD3170EFDBAD82FFDB5" box="[1033,1100,585,611]" name="Japan" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Japan</collectingCountry>
|
||
, is now common from British Columbia to southern California and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="9A90C6E7A924FFD31133FD9EDEE9FD51" box="[564,650,621,647]" name="Mexico" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">Mexico</collectingCountry>
|
||
but is usually confined to floating docks and pilings; remarkably, none were found during the present study. Its body is broader, rugose, may have longitudinal grooves but they are shallow and do not extend the full length of the body. It has a short stalk less than half the total body length, the siphons are at the anterior end of the body and both are directed forward, and there are more numerous elongate gonads on each side, usually four on the left and six or seven on the right. See
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8616FB86A924FFD31051FD0ED815FCC1" author="Abbott, D. P. & Johnson, J. V." box="[854,1142,765,791]" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" pagination="95 - 105" refId="ref15511" refString="Abbott, D. P. & Johnson, J. V. (1972) The ascidians Styela barnharti, S. plicata, S. clava, and S. montereyensis in Californian waters. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 71 (2), 95 - 105." type="journal article" year="1972">Abbott & Johnson (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for a detailed description, and comparison with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2587FDF4A924FFD3128EFCD2DE27FCED" baseAuthorityName="Dall" baseAuthorityYear="1872" box="[393,580,801,827]" class="Ascidiacea" family="Styelidae" genus="Styela" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pleurogona" pageId="22" pageNumber="423" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="montereyensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0F35A65A924FFD3128EFCD2DE27FCED" box="[393,580,801,827]" italics="true" pageId="22" pageNumber="423">S. montereyensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |