535 lines
100 KiB
XML
535 lines
100 KiB
XML
<document id="AD42B2CEF9E9733480D6F5172A82D4B0" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.182758" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f17f6ac1-d8f6-40ee-b1e4-f0800ade364f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="182758" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459876122582" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Schmelz, Rüdiger M., Collado, Rut & Römbke, Jörg" docDate="2008" docId="506F87A9FF91C5464BF38064A187FB40" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01809p035.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1809" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Achaeta piti Bittencourt 1974" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="AC56FFD1FF92C54E4B648746A258FF82" masterDocTitle="Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)" masterLastPageNumber="35" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698227045134" updateUser="plazi">
|
||
<mods:mods id="CCF9B220E16A7B05DFF62E541D92A02E" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="6265001418DBDE2580F0FF213E85127C">
|
||
<mods:title id="52181D43A8E41B6D0B21A1B5E946F4AD">Mata Atlântica enchytraeids (Paraná, Brazil): The genus Achaeta (Oligochaeta, Enchytraeidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name id="1065E7252BA9793747BFCAA2C97C6EFD" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="90F6B9F75764A39DFCC24CD0607CCC2D">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="712F9EC9C12BB8945E4A0CE2CC09CA6A">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="09FD5F3CA6FFB2AEB2ABE4AB25B956A6">Schmelz, Rüdiger M.</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="4EE538D78BA49DC152ADBBB441FB6DB7" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="817891E491D382C1249E05FCAD1544BA">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="C973824DCFC182790E500E6483A2C875">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="B3393AEB472128FB9F27EE7C2B50F9C7">Collado, Rut</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name id="6F78562AC9069DF960B1D9A8FFF0AB5B" type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role id="700DE514D056F854D1946DBBC026AB24">
|
||
<mods:roleTerm id="A78C9C0B48B3A5A00BBA0F9AE437706F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart id="4203DACC4B0788567BF8F67910CDFD77">Römbke, Jörg</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource id="26CB6B8F141B2A05DEB56CB686ACC1D4">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem id="F48BBD4BDCE320BBEA40F985C7AFF137" type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo id="71BF0D7FC76D9163ACCF9AD2A892F03D">
|
||
<mods:title id="9D646E00C6968AF0A969F31DAE512F53">Zootaxa</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part id="A49BD3B541F6D0702C2E532AE5260A00">
|
||
<mods:date id="036563393AA88A7D23BCD3D6567406F6">2008</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail id="FFCA00CDE0D642940AA24862E22D23D4" type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number id="8011C119DD427D4F1127AE038766AD76">1809</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent id="F5D138990D204289C4DCE1941749842E" unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start id="B908CFC811F9E4E8E8A6D0A5E4879161">1</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end id="B7863253E27F64590D4C0F5E40F5A241">35</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:classification id="CE46A7EE7C7BD971BFBDB8D98206D1B5">journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="7B9BA59BF33D71C6CF80C3F7D43C29A6" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.182758</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="DA372E70593CA7B2451182D25CCF2A35" type="GBIF-Dataset">f17f6ac1-d8f6-40ee-b1e4-f0800ade364f</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="FE7DAB376ECC8A111D25D747081D73A4" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier id="E0A1B86F93151AECC309C34EEAA9E5E6" type="Zenodo-Dep">182758</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment id="506F87A9FF91C5464BF38064A187FB40" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6232931" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119370126" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6232931" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:506F87A9FF91C5464BF38064A187FB40" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/506F87A9FF91C5464BF38064A187FB40" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF91C54D4BF38064A3D0F8DD" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF91C54D4BF38064A050F8BE" blockId="3.[151,520,1826,1887]" box="[151,520,1826,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<heading id="833181D3FF91C54D4BF38064A050F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,520,1826,1852]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF91C54D4BF38064A050F8BE" ID-CoL="84VXK" authority="Bittencourt, 1974" authorityName="Bittencourt" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,520,1826,1852]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF91C54D4BF38064A050F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,520,1826,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF91C54D4BF38064A370F8BE" bold="true" box="[151,296,1826,1852]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Achaeta piti</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF91C54D4A4B8064A050F8BE" author="Bittencourt" box="[303,520,1826,1852]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF91C54D4BF38003A3D0F8DD" blockId="3.[151,520,1826,1887]" box="[151,392,1861,1887]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF91C54D4BF38003A2A3F8DD" box="[151,251,1861,1887]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="95440304FF91C54D4A6C8003A332F8DD" box="[264,362,1861,1887]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,597,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Achaeta species with reproductive organs shifted one segment forward (testis and sperm funnels in X, ovary, vasa deferentia, male pores and citellum in XII, spermathecae in usual position). Common characters: body length 3 - 5 mm, oesophageal appendages present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8CB96637FF9EC5424BF38619A087FE3E" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="8CB96637FF9EC5424BF38619A087FE3E">Tables 1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<tableCitation id="95440304FF91C54D4A1D8003A3D0F8DD" box="[377,392,1861,1887]" captionStart="TABLE 4" captionStartId="24.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1386,207,978]" captionTargetPageId="24" captionText="TABLE 4. Comparison of currently known and accepted neotropical species of Achaeta." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8CB96637FF8AC5564BF387D1A613FF2D" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" tableUuid="8CB96637FF8AC5564BF387D1A613FF2D">4</tableCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF91C54A4BF380D3A744F9DF" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF91C54D4BF380D3A0E4F82E" blockId="3.[151,1115,1941,1996]" box="[151,700,1941,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F8D61191FF91C54D4BF380D3A0E4F82E" box="[151,700,1941,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF91C54D4BF380D3A049F82E" ID-CoL="84VXK" authority="Bittencourt, 1974: 369" authorityName="Bittencourt" authorityPageNumber="369" authorityYear="1974" box="[151,529,1941,1964]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF91C54D4BF380D3A341F82E" box="[151,281,1941,1964]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Achaeta piti</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="596710AEFF91C54D4A7B80D3A049F82E" author="Bittencourt" box="[287,529,1941,1964]" page="369" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1974">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF91C54D4A7B80D3A385F82E" author="Bittencourt" box="[287,477,1941,1964]" pageId="3" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt, 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 369
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
–371,
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF91C54D493680D3A0C8F82E" box="[594,656,1941,1964]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,909,933]" captionTargetBox="[162,1418,200,881]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[162,1424,197,883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the ' Reserva Natural Rio Cachoeira', study area and type locality of Achaeta hanagarthi, A. paranensis and A. singularis spp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182759/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Figs 1</figureCitation>
|
||
–10
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF91C54A4BF380F3A744F9DF" blockId="3.[151,1115,1941,1996]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,1443,2029]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF91C54D4BF380F3A05DF84E" authority="Vejdovsky, 1878" authorityName="Vejdovsky" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,517,1973,1996]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Anachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF91C54D4BF380F3A315F84E" box="[151,333,1973,1996]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Anachaeta eiseni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF91C54D4A3080F3A05DF84E" author="Vejdovsky" box="[340,517,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Vejdovsky, F. (1878) Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Enchytraeiden. Sitzungsbericht der Koniglich Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1877, 294 - 304." type="journal article" year="1878">Vejdovský, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
—
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF91C54D494480F3A0B0F84E" author="Michaelsen" box="[544,744,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1889 a) Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 11, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">Michaelsen 1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 47 (partim, non
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF91C54D48FB80F3A60BF84E" author="Vejdovsky" box="[927,1107,1973,1996]" pageId="3" pageNumber="35" refString="Vejdovsky, F. (1878) Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Enchytraeiden. Sitzungsbericht der Koniglich Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1877, 294 - 304." type="journal article" year="1878">Vejdovský, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4BF382E5A3F8FA3F" bold="true" box="[151,416,1443,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Collected specimens:</emphasis>
|
||
MZUSP #1362, 8 spms (6 submature,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF96C54A48E682E5A1A4FA3F" box="[898,1020,1443,1469]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
) from Cachoeira Natural Reserve, Paraná,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0D1762FFF96C54A4B91828DA318FA67" box="[245,320,1483,1509]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF96C54A4A2E828DA39AFA67" box="[330,450,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2003-05">May 2003</date>
|
||
(3 spms),
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF96C54A4958828DA092FA67" box="[572,714,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-03">March 2004</date>
|
||
(3 spms),
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF96C54A4827828DA1BBFA67" box="[835,995,1483,1509]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-10">October 2004</date>
|
||
(2 spms). MZUSP #1363, three specimens, one fully mature, from urban parkland in Curitiba, close to entrance of Department of Soils and Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Section Agrosciences Agrarias,
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF96C54A4F95815DA7C0F9B7" box="[1265,1432,1563,1589]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="2004-10">October 2004</date>
|
||
. All specimens as stained whole mounts. Further
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF96C54A49B48105A12AF9DF" box="[720,882,1603,1629]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, investigated
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4F778105A63AF9DE" box="[1043,1122,1603,1628]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">in vivo</emphasis>
|
||
, not conserved.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="8CB96637FF96C54A4BF3849DA1B9FAF0" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" targetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF96C54A4BF3849DA1B9FAF0" blockId="4.[151,1436,987,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4BF3849DA341FC71" bold="true" box="[151,281,987,1011]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF96C54A4A44849DA03EFC70" authority="Bittencourt, 1974" authorityName="Bittencourt" authorityYear="1974" box="[288,614,987,1010]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4A44849DA3FAFC70" box="[288,418,987,1010]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Achaeta piti</emphasis>
|
||
Bittencourt, 1974
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4F0784BDA62EFB91" bold="true" box="[1123,1142,1019,1043]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A</emphasis>
|
||
. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1/3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4/5–7/8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3B, 4A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4B91839DA35FFB71" bold="true" box="[245,263,1243,1267]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">B</emphasis>
|
||
. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4F9F83BDA756FA91" bold="true" box="[1275,1294,1275,1299]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">C</emphasis>
|
||
. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right.
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4FC3825DA6E2FAB1" bold="true" box="[1191,1210,1307,1331]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">D</emphasis>
|
||
. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF96C5484BA1812DA07FFC78" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF96C54A4BA1812DA3E3F8CF" blockId="4.[151,1437,1443,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4BA1812DA302F907" bold="true" box="[197,346,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF96C54A4BA1812DA358F907" box="[197,256,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
series:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF96C54A4A00812DA39EF907" box="[356,454,1643,1669]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
#277:
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF96C54A497F812DA0E6F907" box="[539,702,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">27 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF96C54A49A8812DA16BF907" box="[716,819,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF96C54A480A812DA1B9F907" box="[878,993,1643,1669]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0D1762FFF96C54A488B812DA660F907" box="[1007,1080,1643,1669]" name="Brazil" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Brasil</collectingCountry>
|
||
, São Paulo, Osasco, coll. Bittencourt,
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF96C54A4A6181D5A324F92F" box="[261,380,1683,1709]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1973-08">VIII 1973</date>
|
||
. Of these, 25 spms preserved in 10% formol, and 2 spms in sections on slides. Formol-preserved spms: 13 fully mature, 10 submature (clitellum not or not fully developed, spermathecae and male reproductive organs present),
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF96C54A4A9281A5A037F97F" box="[502,623,1763,1789]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="juvenile">2 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
. Specimens were dehydrated and whole-mounted for this study, later retransferred to ethanol. Sections: specimens without posterior end, fully mature, in transverse sections on 5 and 6 slides, respecively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF96C54A4BA1801DA1EEF81F" blockId="4.[151,1437,1443,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4BA1801DA07AF8F7" bold="true" box="[197,546,1883,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Further reference material:</emphasis>
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF96C54A4948801DA035F8F7" box="[556,621,1883,1909]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
V #458:
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF96C54A4984801DA1DBF8F7" box="[736,899,1883,1909]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="generic">10 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, "
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF96C54A48F9801DA6CFF8F7" authority="Vejd." authorityName="Vejd." box="[925,1175,1883,1909]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A48F9801DA612F8F6" box="[925,1098,1883,1908]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Achaeta eiseni</emphasis>
|
||
Vejd.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
", Hamburg, Botanical Garden, flower bed, leg. et det.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF96C54A496E80C5A124F81F" author="Michaelsen" box="[522,892,1923,1949]" pageId="4" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1889 a) Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 11, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">Michaelsen (Michaelsen 1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 47).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF96C54B4BA180EDA355FF58" blockId="4.[151,1437,1443,2029]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF96C54A4BA180EDA074F847" bold="true" box="[197,556,1963,1989]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Description of new material:</emphasis>
|
||
Living specimens ca.
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A485080EDA120F847" box="[820,888,1963,1989]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="5.0">5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A488980EDA60EF847" box="[1005,1110,1963,1989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.13">0.13 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A4F8D80EDA70AF847" box="[1257,1362,1963,1989]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.15">0.15 mm</quantity>
|
||
under coverslip. Preserved specimens
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A496F8095A017F86F" box="[523,591,2003,2029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
long and
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A49A58095A100F86F" box="[705,856,2003,2029]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.12" valueMax="0.14" valueMin="0.1">0.1-0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide (
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF96C54A48C28095A1B1F86F" box="[934,1001,2003,2029]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">types</typeStatus>
|
||
:
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A48908095A63EF86F" box="[1012,1126,2003,2029]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.25" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.5" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="4.25" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.5">3.5-5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long,
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF96C54A4FCB8095A70CF86F" box="[1199,1364,2003,2029]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="0.165" valueMax="0.19" valueMin="0.14">0.14-0.19 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide;
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B4BF387DEA280FF30" box="[151,216,152,178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
material:
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF97C54B4A3987DEA3A8FF30" box="[349,496,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="6.5" metricValueMin="4.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="5.5" valueMax="6.5" valueMin="4.5">4.5–6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
long, up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF97C54B49FC87DEA150FF30" box="[664,776,152,178]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="0.25">0.25 mm</quantity>
|
||
wide). Segment number (16)-31-36 (N=8,
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF97C54B4E4F87DEA731FF30" box="[1323,1385,152,178]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
|
||
not included).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA187AEA13CFDE7" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Pyriform epidermal glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B496B87AEA00CFE80" box="[527,596,232,258]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) in 3 pairs per segment, one dorsal, one lateral, one ventral, all inserting in the posterior region of a segment, i.e. closer to respective posterior septum than to anterior septum; dorsal and lateral glands at the same transverse level, ventral glands inserting more posteriorly. Lateral glands inserting dorsally of lateral line (distance ca. 15 µm, fix), ventral glands inserting in longitudinal line of nephridial pores. Gland size variable, dorsal glands largest, length up to 1/3 of worm body diameter in anterior segments, smaller posteriorly; first pair at II, present also at
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B483B86EBA126FE45" box="[863,894,429,455]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
in clitellar region; glands filled with vesicles. Lateral and ventral glands from III (laterals from II in
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF97C54B487C8693A1C6FE6D" box="[792,926,469,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="generic">1 specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF97C54B48A28693A1A1FE6D" box="[966,1017,469,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series), absent at
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B4FAF8693A6B5FE6D" box="[1227,1261,469,495]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
, about half the size of the dorsal glands, hyaline distally and granular proximally, and with small proximal knob (nucleus), larger in anterior segments. Lentiform epidermal gland cells seen in first, second and caudal segments of some whole-mounted specimens, apparently absent in rest of body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA18535A114FCD1" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Body wall of varying thickness, ca. 6–15 µm altogether,
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF97C54B480C8535A182FD0F" box="[872,986,627,653]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" value="1910-01-20" valueMax="1910-01-01" valueMin="1910-01-20">1/20-1/10</date>
|
||
of body diameter, cuticle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B4E7D8535A738FD0F" box="[1305,1376,627,653]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,D) conspicuous, 2-5 (-10) µm thick, thicker dorsally than ventrally, varying among specimens; body wall and cuticle thicker in collected material than in
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF97C54B49F68584A09CFD5E" box="[658,708,706,732]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B48228584A1DFFD5E" box="[838,903,706,732]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
specimens, in the latter occasionally down to 4 μm. Ring muscles adjacent to one another, not superposed, 23–24 rings (rows) per segment, resulting transverse body wall striation conspicuous; longitudinal muscle layer well-developed, contributing to about half of the body wall thickness.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0D1762FFF97C54B4ADD847FA3A2FCD1" box="[441,506,825,851]" name="Spain" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Septa</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B496E847FA008FCD1" box="[522,592,825,851]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) 4/5-7/8 thickened.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA18426A623FBEA" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Head pore on prostomium. Frontal prostomial epithelium (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B48EF8426A18CFCF8" box="[907,980,864,890]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) unequally thick, with two recesses (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B4BFB84CEA2B0FC20" box="[159,232,904,930]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A: 15), one dorsally below head pore, one ventrally close to mouth opening. No elongate prostomial papillae. A few prostomial muscles present. Brain ca. twice as long as wide, about 80 μm long (fix) (up to 155 μm long and 77 μm wide in original description), anteriorly convex, posteriorly rounded or truncate, sides roughly parallel or slighty converging anteriad. Ventral nerve cord (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B48AC84B9A649FB9B" box="[968,1041,1023,1049]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) ganglionated, suboesophageal ganglion in II–IV, undivided, subsequent ganglia segmental and separate. Post-pharyngeal bulbs present, 2 pairs, inner pair on oesophagus, outer pair on afferent fascicles of pharyngeal glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA18333A070F999" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Oesophageal appendages (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B49628333A009FB0D" box="[518,593,1141,1167]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) in IV and V; a pair of large ovoid bodies dorso-laterally in V, directly before pharyngeal glands; each body with a meandering canal of its own in IV (viv); opening into oesophagus not seen. Pharyngeal glands (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B49198382A09BFB5C" box="[637,707,1220,1246]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,B) in IV, V, VI; all united dorsally, dorsal connection widest in IV, narrowest in VI; glands in all three segments more or less U-shaped (top view), all with primary ventral lobes, these largest in IV; no secondary gland lobes. Posterior origin of dorsal blood vessel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B4FAD8255A757FAAF" box="[1225,1295,1299,1325]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A) in
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF97C54B4E368255A7CAFAAF" box="[1362,1426,1299,1325]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">VII-1</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF97C54B4BF3827DA2B0FAD7" box="[151,232,1339,1365]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">2 VIII.</date>
|
||
Chloragocytes from VII, with single cells occasionally from V or VI; granula dark-grey-green in collected material. Gut dilatation gradual in VIII, abrupt in strongly contracted, preserved material. Pars tumida of midgut seen in four specimens, here circumferal, not constricted to ventral region, from XX-XXIV(XXV) in specimens with more than 30 segments (N=2), and from XII–XIV in juveniles with 17 segments (N=2); epithelium conspicuous by brownish refractile vesicles, not always elevated, not distinguished in two specimens; not scrutinized in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF97C54B4A868147A07CF999" box="[482,548,1537,1563]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">types</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA1816EA0DBF93B" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Preclitellar nephridia (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B4AA9816EA04BF9C0" box="[461,531,1576,1602]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A,C) in two pairs, at 7/8 and 8/9, anteseptale about as long as wide, postseptale usually bent forward, gradually narrowing towards porus, altogether ca.
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF97C54B4F788116A662F9E8" box="[1052,1082,1616,1642]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">4x</date>
|
||
as long as anteseptale, no terminal vesicle. Postclitellar nephridia few in number (e.g., first pair at 18/19), shape and size the same as preclitellar nephridia, but usually straight.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA18180A049F8D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Coelomocytes small, 15–18 µm long (19 µm long in original acccount), slightly longer than wide, flat and disc-like, numerous or scarce; cells with conspicuous vesicles, or vesicles blurred, irregular, pale, cells somewhat darker than coelom, brown in two specimens (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B486A8050A12AF8B2" box="[782,882,1814,1840]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/6yx0-3nm7" name="Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de Sao Paulo" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">MZUSP</collectionCode>
|
||
#1363). Pygidium not longer than wide, anal muscles not strongly developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C54B4BA18023A0C3F824" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
All reproductive organs except spermathecae shifted one segment forward: testis and sperm funnels in X, ovary, vasa deferentia and male pores in
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B491180CAA0C0F824" box="[629,664,1932,1958]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF97C5484BA180F2A6E5FE20" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,2038]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,152,1978]" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
Clitellum (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF97C54B4A2280F2A3D5F84C" box="[326,397,1972,1998]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) in
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B4AB180F2A3ACF84C" box="[469,500,1972,1998]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
and XII, short, extending over little more than one segment length, beginning right behind or at intersegmental furrow of 10/11 and including about 8 ring muscle rows of
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF97C54B4FAB809AA6A9F874" box="[1231,1265,2012,2038]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
; open dorsally and ventrally, cells in longitudinal and transverse rows. On each side dorso-laterally two large, elongate, baguette-like packages of hyalocytes, extending over entire clitellum length (border cells excepted), deeply projecting into body cavity when fully developed; each package lined with longitudinal rows of flat granulocytes, one to the left, one to the right. Ventro-laterally only granulocytes, in 3 inconspicuous longitudinal rows. At anterior and posterior end of clitellum, 3–5 transverse rows of hyaline border cells, respectively. Gland-cell free area wide dorsally, narrowed in fully mature specimens, ventral clitellum-free area about as wide as distance between male pores, narrower at anterior and posterior end (border cells).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF94C5484BA186F6A07CFCB0" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Seminal vesicle absent; cysts fill dorsal half of X. Spermatozoa ca. 44 µm long, heads 15-20 µm long (viv); heads 16 µm long in
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF94C5484AB9869EA057FE70" box="[477,527,472,498]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens. Sperm funnel (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF94C5484836869EA1C1FE70" box="[850,921,472,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) cylindrical, slightly flattened, ca. half as long as body diameter, more than
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF94C54849418546A01BFD98" box="[549,579,512,538]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3x</date>
|
||
as long as wide in fully mature specimens (110 µm: 30 µm, fix), shorter in submatures, oval in cross-section; collar distinct, flat, not wider than funnel body; funnel body with large vesicles, sperm in dense aggregations on top of collar. Vas deferens in numerous dense or in several wide irregular coils, diameter 4–5 µm (fix), same diameter throughout. Male pores in
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF94C5484F2C853EA632FD10" box="[1096,1130,632,658]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">XI</collectionCode>
|
||
, widely separate, on body surface, surrounded by glandular body and muscles; glandular body (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF94C54848AD85E6A648FD38" box="[969,1040,672,698]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D) compact, flat (ca. 25 µm long, 22 µm wide, fix), subdivided into an anterior and a posterior lobe; copulatory muscles as dense network, distinguishable only in sections, allowing papillate protrusion of male pores. Further accessory glands near male pore absent. No subneural glands.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF94C5484BA18406A07FFC78" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Spermathecal ectal pores lateral (
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF94C548492E8406A0C9FCD8" box="[586,657,832,858]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
A). Ectal duct short, canal lined by cuticle. Ectal sperm-containing dilatation of ampulla asymmetrical, diverticulum-like, usually oriented ventrally (dorsally on one side in one animal). Ampulla extending into VI or VII, connecting tube as wide as ectal duct, ental reservoir small, ca. twice as wide as connecting tube, with irregularly thick epithelium. One mature egg at a time, extending over 2 segments when fully developed.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF94C5494BA28341A0FCFE70" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF94C5484BA28341A6AEFA30" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF94C5484BA28341A1ADFBA3" bold="true" box="[198,1013,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Remarks. Comparison with original description and
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF94C54848028341A1C4FBA3" box="[870,924,1031,1057]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The forward shift of sexual organs and the number of segmental pyriform glands disagree with the original description. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF94C5484E7C8376A2B0FBF0" author="Bittencourt" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, there are dorsal and ventral pyriform glands (termed "sacos setígeros" in the text written in Portuguese), but lateral glands are not mentioned, which means 4 instead of 6 glands per segment. Furthermore, the reproductive organs in the clitellar region are described as being in the usual position, with testis in XI, egg in XII and clitellum at
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF94C5484AE28396A39DFB68" box="[390,453,1232,1258]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">XII-1</date>
|
||
/2 XIII. Since these two characters are among the principle traits to distinguish species in the genus, we first ascribed our material to a new species, closely related to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF94C5484F0883BEA6ECFA93" box="[1132,1204,1272,1297]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF94C5484F0883BEA6ECFA93" box="[1132,1204,1272,1297]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Reinvestigation of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF94C5484BA68266A2ADFAB8" box="[194,245,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series, however, revealed the errors of the original description. All
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF94C5484F6E8266A664FAB8" box="[1034,1084,1312,1338]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">type</typeStatus>
|
||
specimens have a pair of dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands, and there is a forward-shift of sexual organs in all mature and submature formol-preserved specimens. (The latter trait was—for obvious reasons—not seen in the two wholemounted juveniles and could not be made evident in the two transversely sectioned specimens.)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF94C5484BA18286A3C5F838" blockId="6.[151,1437,152,1978]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Most of the other traits in our material correspond with the original account, notable are general size and segment number, presence of pyriform glands, brain shape, presence, shape and size of the oesophageal appendages, details of the pharyngeal glands, position of first preclitellar nephridium, inward-projection of four longitudinal rows of clitellar gland cells laterally, general shape of the male reproductive system, and shape of the spermatheca. Several details have been added to the original description here; notable are location of spermathecal ectal pores, the number and location of thickened septa and preclitellar nephridia, and details of the clitellum, e.g., presence and distribution of granulocytes. Some taxonomically unimportant differences of the original description concern maximum body diameter (originally given as 252–266 µm and probably measured on flattened specimens during live investigation), relative length of pyriform glands, and brain size. The sperm funnel is cylindrical and not ovoid (comp.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF94C54848FD806EA63AF8C0" author="Bittencourt" box="[921,1122,1832,1858]" pageId="6" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Fig. 10) in all specimens, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF94C5484BA08016A35AF8E8" box="[196,258,1872,1898]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">types</typeStatus>
|
||
included. The clitellar hyalocytes are said to coincide in position with the dorsal pyriform glands, but the latter are positioned more mid-dorsally, which is demonstrated by their presence in the clitellar segment (comp.
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF94C5484A5680E6A320F838" box="[306,376,1952,1978]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,255,987,1011]" captionTargetBox="[151,1432,197,962]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,194,963]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. Achaeta piti Bittencourt, 1974, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. B is a freehand sketch from living specimens, the rest is from stained whole mounts. Bar = 100 µm, valid for A, C, D. A. Submature specimen, side view, anterior 9 segments, with thick body wall and dorsally thick cuticle (1). There are dorsal, lateral and ventral pyriform glands (2,3,4, respectively; only glands of left body side shown). The ventral glands insert more posteriorly than dorsal and lateral glands. The dorsal blood vessel (5) begins at 1 / 3 VIII in this specimen. The thickened septa in 4 / 5 – 7 / 8 are a constant feature of this species. 6: Oesophageal appendage; 7: pharyngeal gland; 8: postpharyngeal bulb; 9: brain; 10: suboesophageal ganglion; 11: ganglion of segment V. Perikarya are omitted here, they are as in Figs 3 B, 4 A. 12: nephridia; 13: intestine with chloragocytes; 14: spermatheca with ectal asymmetry; 15: recesses in frontal prostomial epithelium. B. Oesophageal appendage and pharyngeal glands, dorsal view, as seen in a living specimen. The two separately winding canals in IV, one for each glomerulus in V, were already mentioned in the original description. C. Postclitellar nephridia, side view. The organs lie in consecutive segments, one to the left, one to the right. D. Clitellum and male reproductive system, side view, specimen with thick body wall and cuticle. The dorsal pyriform gland of XI is drawn in (1). The clitellar border cells (2) extend farther ventrally than the granulocytes." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182760/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
|
||
D).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF95C5494BA187D1A0FCFE70" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494BA187D1A136FF33" bold="true" box="[197,878,151,177]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">New species diagnosis, comparison with other species:</emphasis>
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C549481387DEA1E9FF30" box="[887,945,152,178]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
|
||
series and collected material are remarkably congruent in all characters, the thickness of body wall and cuticle excepted. Two specimens had brown coelomocytes.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494A2C87AEA381FE83" box="[328,473,232,257]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494A2C87AEA381FE83" box="[328,473,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Achaeta piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears to be a morphologically homogeneous species. All specimens, living or preserved, and juveniles included, can be identified beyond doubt by a set of six characters: (1) six pyriform glands per segment, one dorsal, lateral and ventral pair, respectively; (2) oesophageal appendages large, in IV–V; (3) pharyngeal glands all united dorsally, without secondary ventral lobes; (4) septa 4/5-7/8 thickened; (5) origin of dorsal blood vessel in
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF95C549492686CEA0D9FE20" box="[578,641,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">VII-1</date>
|
||
/
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF95C54949EF86CEA081FE20" box="[651,729,392,418]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">2 VIII</date>
|
||
; (6) two pairs of anterior nephridia, at 7/8 and 8/9. Mature specimens are further unmistakably recognized by the peculiarities of clitellum, male reproductive system and spermathecae, see the description for details.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF95C5494BA18546A7D6FBC8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF95C5494BA18546A1EFFC28" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494BA18546A30BFD9B" ID-CoL="84VXK" box="[197,339,512,537]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494BA18546A30BFD9B" box="[197,339,512,537]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Achaeta piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is now the second species in the genus with six pyriform glands per segment; this trait was so far only known for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494AE5856EA129FDC0" ID-CoL="84VWC" authority="Nielsen & Christensen, 1961" authorityName="Nielsen & Christensen" authorityYear="1961" box="[385,881,552,578]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aberrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494AE5856EA055FDC3" box="[385,525,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. aberrans</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C5494972856EA129FDC0" author="Nielsen" box="[534,881,552,578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="34" refString="Nielsen, C. O. & Christensen, B. (1961) The Enchytraeidae. Critical revision and taxonomy of European species. Supplement 1. Natura Jutlandica, 10, 1 - 23." type="journal article" year="1961">Nielsen & Christensen, 1961</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The glands are exactly in the same segmental position in both species (Graefe, Schmelz, unpublished observations).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C54948BD8516A67AFDEB" ID-CoL="84VXK" box="[985,1058,592,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C54948BD8516A67AFDEB" box="[985,1058,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494FCC8516A76BFDEB" ID-CoL="84VWC" box="[1192,1331,592,617]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aberrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494FCC8516A76BFDEB" box="[1192,1331,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. aberrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in a few more characters: oesophageal appendages present, all pharyngeal glands connected dorsally, spermathecal ectal openings lateral. Differences of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C549493185E6A0B9FD3B" ID-CoL="84VWC" box="[597,737,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="aberrans">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C549493185E6A0B9FD3B" box="[597,737,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. aberrans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C549484F85E6A12CFD3B" ID-CoL="84VXK" box="[811,884,672,697]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C549484F85E6A12CFD3B" box="[811,884,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are, among others: (1) segment number lower (20-23), (2) oesophageal appendages very small, (3) preclitellar nephridia at 6/7, 7/8, (4) dorsal blood vessel originating in VI, (5) reproductive organs in usual position, not shifted one segment forward, (6) clitellum without large, elongate, dorso-lateral packages of hyalocytes, (7) spermathecae without ectal asymmetry. A forward shift by one segment of sexual organs (except the spermathecae) occurs also in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494FA28406A28CFC00" ID-CoL="84VWD" authority="Graefe, 1989" authorityName="Graefe" authorityYear="1989" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="abulba">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494FA28406A763FCDB" box="[1222,1339,832,857]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. abulba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C5494E218406A28CFC00" author="Graefe" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Graefe, U. (1989) Systematische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Achaeta (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata). 2. Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 86, 127 - 131." type="journal article" year="1989">Graefe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494B84842EA3A6FC00" ID-CoL="84VWJ" authority="Graefe, 1989" authorityName="Graefe" authorityYear="1989" box="[224,510,872,898]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="bibulba">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494B84842EA303FC03" box="[224,347,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. bibulba</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C5494A06842EA3A6FC00" author="Graefe" box="[354,510,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Graefe, U. (1989) Systematische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Achaeta (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata). 2. Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 86, 127 - 131." type="journal article" year="1989">Graefe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C549496F842EA112FC00" ID-CoL="84VXD" authority="Graefe, 1989" authorityName="Graefe" authorityYear="1989" box="[523,842,872,898]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="pannonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C549496F842EA0FFFC03" box="[523,679,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. pannonica</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C54949CB842EA112FC00" author="Graefe" box="[687,842,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Graefe, U. (1989) Systematische Untersuchungen an der Gattung Achaeta (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata). 2. Beschreibung von vier neuen Arten. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 86, 127 - 131." type="journal article" year="1989">Graefe, 1989</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494833842EA62BFC00" ID-CoL="84VWS" authority="Graefe, 2007" authorityName="Graefe" authorityYear="2007" box="[855,1139,872,898]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="diddeni">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494833842EA197FC03" box="[855,975,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. diddeni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C54948B3842EA62BFC00" author="Graefe" box="[983,1139,872,898]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Graefe, U. (2007) Achaeta diddeni sp. nov. (Enchytraeidae, Clitellata) from northern German lowlands. Folia Facultatis scientiarum naturalium Universitatis Masarykianae Brunensis, Biologia, 110, 35 - 40." type="journal article" year="2007">Graefe, 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494FB4842EA72BFC03" ID-CoL="84VWZ" box="[1232,1395,872,897]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="hanagarthi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494FB4842EA72BFC03" box="[1232,1395,872,897]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. hanagarthi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="F18157D6FF95C5494E1F842EA293FC28" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, described in this paper. These species are compared in
|
||
<tableCitation id="95440304FF95C549483D84D6A1E9FC28" box="[857,945,912,938]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="12.[151,239,351,375]" captionTargetBox="[159,1400,597,775]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="TABLE 1. Comparison of Achaeta species with reproductive organs shifted one segment forward (testis and sperm funnels in X, ovary, vasa deferentia, male pores and citellum in XII, spermathecae in usual position). Common characters: body length 3 - 5 mm, oesophageal appendages present." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8CB96637FF9EC5424BF38619A087FE3E" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" tableUuid="8CB96637FF9EC5424BF38619A087FE3E">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF95C5494BA184F1A7D6FBC8" blockId="7.[151,1437,151,1098]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494BA184F1A38FFC53" bold="true" box="[197,471,951,977]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Further observations:</emphasis>
|
||
A clitellum similar to the one in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C549483984FEA1FDFC53" ID-CoL="84VXK" box="[861,933,952,977]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C549483984FEA1FDFC53" box="[861,933,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">A. piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is very common in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494FEB84FEA6B7FC53" ID-CoL="84L4D" box="[1167,1263,952,977]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494FEB84FEA6B7FC53" box="[1167,1263,952,977]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but not found outside the genus. The 'baguettes' vary considerably in size; they are inconspicuous in all submature and even in many mature specimens; it seems that the hyalocytes achieve their maximum volume only directly before the release of an egg—the granulocytes contribute little to the size increase of the 'baguettes'. The 'baguettes'
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF95C5464BF383C6A16EFD98" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF95C5494BF383C6A3EFFA30" blockId="7.[151,1437,1152,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">project deeply into the coelom, there is no outward bulging. The body wall muscles do not follow this inward bulge but rather leave clefts through which the 'baguette' cells penetrate into the coelom. This gives the impression as if the clitellar cells were located below the muscle layer. The longitudinal muscles are restricted here to narrow strands between the 'baguettes', close to the body surface; there are three strands on either side of the body wall, one ventrally of each the two baguettes, and one in the midst of the latero-ventral granulocyte layer; these strands spread out anteriorly and posteriorly of the clitellum to regain the continuous muscle cover across the worm diameter. The clitellar ring muscle strands in turn maintain their position, and their gaps are much narrower.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF95C5464BA282F9A16EFD98" blockId="7.[151,1437,1152,2018]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,152,1218]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF95C5494BA282F9A3B4FA5B" bold="true" box="[198,492,1471,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
Register of
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C5494A3982F9A3CAFA5B" box="[349,402,1471,1497]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The extant
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C54949E78286A0EEFA58" box="[643,694,1472,1498]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series differs in several instances from the respective details given in the original description. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF95C54949AE82AEA1BEF980" author="Bittencourt" box="[714,998,1512,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt (1974: 369)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C5494F4482AEA60AF980" box="[1056,1106,1512,1538]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series consists of
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF95C5494E4B82AEA280F9A8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="generic">13 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
, 8 of them mature,
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF95C5494A858156A039F9A8" box="[481,609,1552,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="juvenile">5 juvenile</specimenCount>
|
||
, and the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C54949BB8156A11DF9A8" box="[735,837,1552,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is catalogued under #277, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C5494FBE8156A712F9A8" box="[1242,1354,1552,1578]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
under #227A(sic!). Furthermore, transverse and sagittal sections were made of an unspecified number of specimens. All material was deposited at the "Departamento de Zoologia do Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo", now the Zoological Museum of the University of São Paulo. An inventory carried out by the first author in
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF95C5494A6381F6A3CEF948" box="[263,406,1712,1738]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" value="2004-03">March 2004</date>
|
||
and the scrutiny of the material as presented in this paper revealed the following: There are 25 formol-preserved specimens in a vial catalogued under #277 (which according to the number should contain only one specimen, the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C54949728046A0DAF898" box="[534,642,1792,1818]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); of these, 13 are fully mature, 10 are submature (without or with incompletely developed clitellum, spermathecae and male organs present), and two are juvenile. There is no vial with #227A in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF95C5494AD88016A03BF8E8" box="[444,611,1872,1898]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Annelida" rank="family">Enchytraeidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
collection (or #277A, the published number is probably a printing error). The slide collection contains two transversely sectioned specimens on 5 and 6 slides, respectively, unnumbered. This means: (1) There are more specimens in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C54948EF80E6A1E6F838" box="[907,958,1952,1978]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series than originally indicated. (2) It is not evident whether the sections are part of the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF95C54949A3808EA0A1F860" box="[711,761,1992,2018]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series. The original description is not clear on that point, either. If the sections are included, then the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC54649FB87DEA08AFF30" box="[671,722,152,178]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series is incomplete since the sagittal sections mentioned in the original description appear to be lost. (3) The name-bearing
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC54648FA8786A188FF58" box="[926,976,192,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC54648868786A614FF58" box="[994,1100,192,218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) is lost or cannot be identified--it may or may not be one of the
|
||
<specimenCount id="CEC0FD36FF9AC546493B87AEA158FE80" box="[607,768,232,258]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="generic">25 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
in vial #277. The Code (ICZN 1999) to our knowledge provides no regulation for such a case. However, the whole problem is merely formal, since all specimens belong undoubtedly to one and the same species. Hence we assume for convenience that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC5464F86867EA74DFED0" box="[1250,1301,312,338]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series consists of all specimens in vial #277 plus the two unnumbered transverse sections—the description makes use of these sections, comp.
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF9AC5464AF986CEA3BCFE20" box="[413,484,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,255,909,933]" captionTargetBox="[162,1418,200,881]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[162,1424,197,883]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Location of the ' Reserva Natural Rio Cachoeira', study area and type locality of Achaeta hanagarthi, A. paranensis and A. singularis spp. nov." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/182759/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF9AC546494486CEA017FE20" box="[544,591,392,418]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.016" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="4.0">
|
||
<figureCitation id="40FD2A3AFF9AC546494486CEA077FE20" box="[544,559,392,418]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="13.[151,255,962,986]" captionText="FIGURE 4. Achaeta neotropica Č ernosvitov, 1937, specimens from the Cachoeira Natural Reserve. A. Anterior nine segments, lateral view. Dorsal epidermal gland cells are conspicuous in optical horizontal body section (1), this trait is well-distinguished also in living specimens. The layer on top of the epidermal gland cells is cuticle (2). The prostomium has thickened epithelium (3). Beneath the prostomial papilla (4) there are two further lateral isolated areas with thickened epidermis (5). The distribution of perikarya is roughly as shown here. The segmental arrangement of the ventral nerve cord is obvious, and facilitates segment counting in stained specimens. This trait is inconspicuous in living material. The anterior intestinal region with thickened epithelium (6) extends from 1 / 2 VI - VII here; in following segments, the intestinal blood sinus is much widened (7). The large dorsal blood vessel (8) is not attached to the intestine; it is shown here only in the posterior segments, from VI on. The spermatheca (9) is confined to segment V in this specimen. 10: brain; 11: pharyngeal pad; 12: postpharyngeal bulbs; 13: pharyngeal gland of V; 14: nephridium of 6 / 7. B – C. Two aspects of another specimen, anterior 7 segments, dorsal view. B: Epidermal gland cells. The ventral nerve cord marks the segments. C. Body interior, anteriorly with (1) dorsal recess in prostomial epithelium, prostomial papillae (2), brain (3), postpharyngeal bulbs (4). Only septa 4 / 5 and 5 / 6 are conspicuous. The spermathecae extend into VI. The thickened intestinal epithelium extends from 3 / 4 VI to 1 / 4 VIII. D – E. Dorsal and ventral view of clitellar region, same specimens as in B-C. D shows only the body surface, E a combination of body surface (clitellum, male pore) and body interior (rest). The hyaline cells in the mid-dorsal region of the clitellum are segmental epidermal gland cells, not clitellar hyalocytes. The bodies ventrally of the nerve cord are testis (1) and ovary (2). F. Segments IV-VII of a specimen with elongate posterior ventral pharyngeal gland lobes, lateral view. The lobe on the left (here in front) is bipartite, with a smaller portion separate from the larger anterior part, the right gland (behind the left one here) is bent posteriorly. G. Segments IV-VII of the only specimen in the collection with a small circumferal diverticulum at the abrupt intestinal widening in the posterior of VI, lateral view. H. Segments XXVI – XXVIII, lateral view, showing (1) posterior end of intestinal part tumida and two nephridia; the anterior one (to the left) is actually on the right side of the body. I. Posterior segments of a specimen with dorsally thick cuticle, lateral view, showing epidermal gland cell distribution. For orientation the lateral line is also drawn in. K. Caudal zone of a specimen with exceptionally thick cuticle dorsally. The break lines in the dorsal cuticle of I and K mark the outer segment boundaries; located at about 2 / 5 of a segment's length behind the inner segment boundary, marked by the septa. (1) growth zone, (2) post-segmental pygidium with anal musculature. L. Two coelomocytes, each about 25 µm long. The cell to the right had a brownish tint in vivo. M. Specimen with much enlarged sperm-related reproductive organs (segments IV – XII, dorsal view). The spermathecae (1) extend into segment IX, the sperm funnels (2) into segment X; their collars are much elongated, attached sperm gives the aspect of a feather boa. One of the male copulatory organs is bilobed. Seminal vesicle and vasa deferentia omitted. L and M are freehand sketches from living specimens, the rest are from stained whole mounts. All bars = 100 µm; L without bar." pageId="8" pageNumber="9">4</figureCitation>
|
||
in
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC546493C86CEA168FE20" author="Bittencourt" box="[600,816,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">Bittencourt (1974)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
—and that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC546488286CEA615FE20" box="[998,1101,392,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
is extant but unidentifiable, being one of the 25 formol-preserved specimens. Apparently,
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC546480A86F6A18CFE48" box="[878,980,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC5464F6A86F6A626FE48" box="[1038,1150,432,458]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
have been stored in one and the same vial, and a vial #227A (or 277A) has probably never existed. The
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC5464F3E869EA6D4FE70" box="[1114,1164,472,498]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">type</typeStatus>
|
||
series consists then of
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC5464BF38546A2A6FD98" box="[151,254,512,538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and 26
|
||
<typeStatus id="077D881DFF9AC5464A3F8546A396FD98" box="[347,462,512,538]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
|
||
, 2 of them sectioned on slides.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="90DC6534FF9AC5464BA18561A187FB40" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D87936BFFF9AC5464BA18561A187FB40" blockId="8.[151,1437,152,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC5464BA18561A3DEFDC3" bold="true" box="[197,390,551,577]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF9AC5464BA18561A353FDC3" box="[197,267,551,577]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
material:
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
More than a century ago, Michaelsen collected
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC54648DB856EA647FDC3" box="[959,1055,552,577]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC54648DB856EA647FDC3" box="[959,1055,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens from a flower bed in the Botanical garden of Hamburg and identified them as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC54648218516A6BCFDE8" authority="Vejdovsky, 1878" authorityName="Vejdovsky" authorityYear="1878" box="[837,1252,592,618]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Anachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC54648218516A649FDEB" box="[837,1041,592,617]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anachaeta eiseni</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC5464F7F8516A6BCFDE8" author="Vejdovsky" box="[1051,1252,592,618]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Vejdovsky, F. (1878) Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Enchytraeiden. Sitzungsbericht der Koniglich Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1877, 294 - 304." type="journal article" year="1878">Vejdovský, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, a species with four pyriform glands per segment. (Nomenclatural note:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC5464822853EA6CFFD10" authority="Vejdovsky, 1879" authorityName="Vejdovsky" authorityYear="1879" box="[838,1175,632,658]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Anachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC5464822853EA19BFD13" box="[838,963,632,657]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Anachaeta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC54648AA853EA6CFFD10" author="Vejdovsky" box="[974,1175,632,658]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Vejdovsky, F. (1879) Beitrage zur vergleichenden Morphologie der Anneliden. I. Monographie der Enchytraeiden. Verlag von Friedrich Tempsky, Prag, 61 pp." type="book" year="1879">Vejdovský, 1879</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been a transitory replacement name for the original
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC546492685E6A121FD38" authority="Vejdovsky, 1878" authorityName="Vejdovsky" authorityYear="1878" box="[578,889,672,698]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC546492685E6A0FAFD3B" box="[578,674,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Achaeta</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC54649C985E6A121FD38" author="Vejdovsky" box="[685,889,672,698]" pageId="8" pageNumber="35" refString="Vejdovsky, F. (1878) Zur Anatomie und Systematik der Enchytraeiden. Sitzungsbericht der Koniglich Bohmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 1877, 294 - 304." type="journal article" year="1878">Vejdovský, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, due to a presumed homonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC5464E2F85E6A7C4FD3B" box="[1355,1436,672,697]" class="Insecta" family="Haglotettigoniidae" genus="Acheta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC5464E2F85E6A7C4FD3B" box="[1355,1436,672,697]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Acheta</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Hexapoda,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC5464A4F858EA3C7FD60" box="[299,415,712,738]" class="Insecta" family="Gryllidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Orthoptera" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
); however, the spelling is different and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC54648F4858EA62AFD60" author="Michaelsen" box="[912,1138,712,738]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1900) Oligochaeta. R. Friedlander, Berlin, 563 pp." type="book" year="1900">Michaelsen (1900)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
restored the old name). These specimens (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF9AC5464A0B85B6A3EAFC88" box="[367,434,752,778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
V #458), together with a single find from garden soil near Hamburg (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF9AC5464F9585B6A76CFC88" box="[1265,1332,752,778]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
V #459, not investigated here), underly the record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC54649CD845EA157FCB3" box="[681,783,792,817]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Anachaeta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="eiseni">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC54649CD845EA157FCB3" box="[681,783,792,817]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. eiseni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="A0D1762FFF9AC54648AF845EA660FCB0" box="[971,1080,792,818]" name="Germany" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Germany</collectingCountry>
|
||
in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC5464F3B845EA71BFCB0" author="Michaelsen" box="[1119,1347,792,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1889 a) Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 11, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">Michaelsen (1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC5464E34845EA7D7FCB0" author="Michaelsen" box="[1360,1423,792,818]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1903) Die geographische Verbreitung der Oligochaeten. R. Friedlander, Berlin, 187 pp." type="book" year="1903">1903</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A description of the material was never published. The index card, written by Michaelsen himself, gives only his monograph (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC5464A3C842EA06AFC00" author="Michaelsen" box="[344,562,872,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="34" refString="Michaelsen, W. (1889 a) Synopsis der Enchytraeiden. Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften, herausgegeben vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein in Hamburg, 11, 1 - 59." type="journal article" year="1889" yearSuffix="a">Michaelsen 1889a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as reference, where the species is listed without description.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC5464E70842EA728FC00" author="In" box="[1300,1392,872,898]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" refString="Bittencourt, E. (1974) Algumas Enchytraeidae (Oligochaeta) de Sao Paulo. Revista Brasileira de Biologia. Rio de Janeiro, 34, 369 - 378." type="journal article" year="1974">In 1974</bibRefCitation>
|
||
the material was reinvestigated by U. Graefe (in litt.) who discovered the erroneous identification and the presence of six segmental pyriform glands in the specimens. He kept the material for a future description and handed it to the first author in
|
||
<date id="AC78107FFF9AC5464A9F84A6A02EFC78" box="[507,630,992,1018]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2007-05">May 2007</date>
|
||
. The material is complete—the index card notes 10 specimens—and most characters are still distinguishable, although the material is not in optimal conditions. The specimens agree with our diagnosis of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FC64D3CFF9AC5464A848376A070FBCB" box="[480,552,1072,1097]" class="Clitellata" family="Enchytraeidae" genus="Achaeta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Enchytraeida" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Annelida" rank="species" species="piti">
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB2EAADFF9AC5464A848376A070FBCB" box="[480,552,1072,1097]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. piti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
except that they are somewhat larger (length up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF9AC5464FEC8376A6BDFBC8" box="[1160,1253,1072,1098]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="6.5">6.5 mm</quantity>
|
||
, diameter up to
|
||
<quantity id="1F3E9B5AFF9AC5464BF3831EA35DFBF0" box="[151,261,1112,1138]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="0.22">0.22 mm</quantity>
|
||
), which may be a storage artefact. Two specimens have a fully developed clitellum, the rest is submature or almost mature. The material (
|
||
<collectionCode id="BED7AE7AFF9AC546490283C6A0F1FB18" box="[614,681,1152,1178]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/kdnf-0379" name="Zoologisches Museum Hamburg" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ZMH</collectionCode>
|
||
V #458) was listed as missing in an inventory of the enchytraeid collection at the Zoological Museum in Hamburg (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="BC574B4EFF9AC546498D83EEA18AFB40" author="Dozsa-Farkas" box="[745,978,1192,1218]" pageId="8" pageNumber="33" refString="Dozsa-Farkas, K. (1997) Katalog der Enchytraeiden-Sammlung im Zoologischen Institut und Museum von Hamburg. Mitteilungen des hamburgischen zoologischen Museums und Instituts, 94, 35 - 47." type="journal article" year="1997">Dózsa-Farkas 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |