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<document ID-DOI="10.5733/afin.053.0206" ID-ISSN="2305-2562" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918573" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.metadata_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="GgImagineBatch" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="valdenar" IM.treatments_approvedBy="valdenar" checkinTime="1683581107404" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Londt, Jason G. H." docDate="2012" docId="4D5087F77506FF9AFE27879BFBF55DEF" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvertebr.53.2.661-702.pdf" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 53 (2)" docSource="http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0206" docStyle="DocumentStyle:B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D.4:AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="B78C63EC8CEBBB75364A82B35BB1F83D" docStyleName="AfrInvertebr.2008-2015.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Synolcus armstrongi Londt 2012, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="676" masterDocId="B169FF8F750BFF95FFDE851EFFAE5C6D" masterDocTitle="The genus Synolcus Loew, 1858, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Asilidae)" masterLastPageNumber="661" masterPageNumber="661" pageNumber="674" updateTime="1683701193166" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>The genus Synolcus Loew, 1858, with descriptions of new species (Diptera: Asilidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Londt, Jason G. H.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>African Invertebrates</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2012</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2012-12-12</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>53</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="issue">
<mods:number>2</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>661</mods:start>
<mods:end>661</mods:end>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.5733/afin.053.0206</mods:url>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.5733/afin.053.0206</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ISSN">2305-2562</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7918573</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7917767" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7917767" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5087F77506FF9AFE27879BFBF55DEF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4D5087F77506FF9AFE27879BFBF55DEF" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<subSubSection box="[505,818,645,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="13.[505,818,645,672]" box="[505,818,645,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<heading box="[505,818,645,672]" centered="true" fontSize="11" level="2" pageId="13" pageNumber="674" reason="2">
<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 2012" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2012" box="[505,751,645,671]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Synolcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="13" pageNumber="674" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armstrongi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[505,751,645,671]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Synolcus armstrongi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[758,818,646,672]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="13" pageNumber="674" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="13.[542,781,688,715]" box="[542,781,688,715]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<figureCitation box="[542,613,688,715]" captionStart="Figs 214" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[200,1127,248,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[181,1141,223,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 214. Synolcus species,♂ wing venation:(2) S.acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Gydo); (3) S.amnoni Londt, 1990 (Nkhandla); (4) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm); (5) S.armstrongi sp.n. (Karkloof paratype); (6) S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 (Outeniqua); (7) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Ntumeni); (8) S. griseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni); (9) S. macrocercus sp. n. (Middelpos paratype); (10) S. malawi Londt, 1990 (Lichenya paratype); (11) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Melmoth); (12) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (13) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype); (14) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Monks Cowl holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918577/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Figs 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[625,699,688,714]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">3034</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[711,741,688,714]" captionStart="Figs 7686" captionStartId="36.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[164,1091,214,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-7@36.[144,1104,204,1465]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 7686. Synolcus species, ovipositor: (76) S. acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Cape Town); (77) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm, redrawn from Londt 1990); (78) S. armstrongi sp. n. (Karkloof paratype);(79) S.aurulentus Engel,1929 (Knysna Forest, redrawn from Londt 1980); (80) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Coffee Bay, redrawn from Londt 1980); (81) S. grieseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni,redrawn from Londt 1980); (82) S.macrocercus sp.n.(Worcester paratype);(83) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Ngome, redrawn from Londt 1990); (84) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (85) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype, from Londt 1980); (86) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Injasuti paratype). Scale lines 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918609/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">78</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation box="[753,781,688,714]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[144,177,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[262,991,995,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-9@38.[246,1002,986,1581]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 89. The distributions of Synolcus species: S. armstrongi sp. n. squares, S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 circles, S. minor (Bromley, 1947) triangles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918615/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">89</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,731,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Etymology: Named for Dr Adrian Armstrong, of Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife, whose collecting activities led to the discovery of this species.</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,731,1677]" box="[181,321,803,829]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Description:</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,731,1677]" box="[181,246,843,869]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis box="[181,239,843,869]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Male</emphasis>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,731,1677]" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis box="[181,242,883,909]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Head</emphasis>
: Blackish, strongly gold-silver pruinose, white, pale yellow and black setose.Antenna: Dark red­brown to blackish, fine gold­silver pruinose, scape and pedicel black (ventral) and mixed black and pale yellow (dorsal) setose, postpedicel with few black and yellowish setae dorsally; mean segmental ratios (n= 5) 1:0.9:1.6:1.2 (0.2:0.9:0.2), i.e. pedicel slightly shorter than scape, postpedicel about 1.5 times length of scape, stylus a little longer than scape. Face: Blackish, strongly gold-silver pruinose. Mystax pale yellow (ventral) and black (dorsal), setae slightly better developed ventrally. Frons and vertex: Blackish, gold-silver pruinose, frons black and white setose laterally, ocellar tubercle black setose. Occiput: Blackish, strongly silver pruinose, black (dorsally) and pale yellow (centrally and ventrally) setose.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="13.[181,1142,731,1677]" lastBlockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="675" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">
<emphasis box="[181,262,1203,1229]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Thorax</emphasis>
: Dark red-brown to blackish, silver, gold-silver and dark red-brown pruinose, black and pale yellow setose. Prothorax:Dark red-brown to blackish, gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose (including macrosetae, but there may be 12 black macrosetae). Mesonotum: Dark red-brown to blackish, gold-silver pruinose with dark red-brown pruinose median band and lateral patches, macrosetae mixed black and pale yellow, minor setae blackish (mainly anteriorly) and pale yellow-white (mainly posteriorly). Macrosetae:
<emphasis box="[1105,1142,1363,1388]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">acr</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[229,255,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">dc</emphasis>
fairly well-developed posterior of transverse suture,
<emphasis box="[851,877,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">dc</emphasis>
extend weakly anterior to suture, 2
<emphasis box="[311,347,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">npl</emphasis>
(mixed black and pale yellow), 2
<emphasis box="[724,771,1427,1453]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">spal</emphasis>
(mixed black and pale yellow), 3
<emphasis box="[181,217,1459,1485]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">pal</emphasis>
(pale yellow only). Scutellum: Blackish, strongly gold-silvery pruinose, disc pale yellow setose, 1 pair pale yellow apical macrosetae. Pleura: Dark red-brown to black, silver to gold-silver pruinose, weakly pale yellow setose except for strong
<emphasis box="[1030,1064,1523,1549]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">ktg</emphasis>
. Legs:
<emphasis box="[181,212,1555,1581]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Cx</emphasis>
blackish, gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose;
<emphasis box="[800,825,1555,1580]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">cx</emphasis>
3 with 2 lateral macrosetae.
<emphasis box="[181,219,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Tro</emphasis>
dark red-brown, moderately pruinose, weakly pale yellow setose.
<emphasis box="[992,1042,1588,1613]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Fem</emphasis>
uniform dark red-brown to black, major setae pale yellow (12 small black ones at distal end of
<emphasis box="[181,221,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">fem</emphasis>
1), minor setae pale yellow.
<emphasis box="[534,570,1651,1677]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="674">Tib</emphasis>
extensively orange with distal end dark red-brown, major setae mostly black (few pale yellow), minor setae pale yellow and black.
<emphasis box="[1066,1104,780,805]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Tar</emphasis>
blackish, major and minor setae pale yellow (dorsally) and black (ventrally). Wing (
<figureCitation box="[152,221,843,870]" captionStart="Figs 214" captionStartId="5.[181,220,1491,1513]" captionTargetBox="[200,1127,248,1449]" captionTargetId="figure-9@5.[181,1141,223,1472]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Figs 214. Synolcus species,♂ wing venation:(2) S.acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Gydo); (3) S.amnoni Londt, 1990 (Nkhandla); (4) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm); (5) S.armstrongi sp.n. (Karkloof paratype); (6) S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 (Outeniqua); (7) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Ntumeni); (8) S. griseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni); (9) S. macrocercus sp. n. (Middelpos paratype); (10) S. malawi Londt, 1990 (Lichenya paratype); (11) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Melmoth); (12) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (13) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype); (14) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Monks Cowl holotype)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918577" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918577/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
): Veins mostly dark red-brown, anterior veins more orange-brown proximally, membrane transparent (slight yellow appearance due to microtrichiae). Cell
<emphasis box="[991,1014,876,901]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">sc</emphasis>
lacking scr. Cells
<emphasis box="[269,280,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">r</emphasis>
1 &amp;
<emphasis box="[326,337,908,933]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">r</emphasis>
2+3 moderately expanded and displaying corrugations. Wing length × breadth (mean, n =5) 10.9 (10.411.6) × 4.5 (4.24.9) mm. Haltere: Orange with pale brownish proximal end.
</paragraph>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" startId="14.[144,183,695,717]" targetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" targetPageId="14" targetType="figure">
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1104,695,741]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
Figs 3034.
<taxonomicName authority="Londt, 2012" authorityName="Londt" authorityYear="2012" box="[259,446,695,717]" class="Insecta" family="Asilidae" genus="Synolcus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="armstrongi" status="sp. n.">
<emphasis box="[259,446,695,717]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Synolcus armstrongi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[452,503,696,717]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" rank="species">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
, paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis box="[144,250,1003,1029]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Abdomen</emphasis>
: Blackish, gold-silver pruinose, pale yellow setose. T1 fairly uniformly gold-silver pruinose, 4 pale yellow macrosetae laterally accompanied by many pale yellow setae. T28 gold- silver pruinose, pale yellow setose (including 17 macrosetae). S similar to T.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[309,448,1131,1158]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Figs 3034</figureCitation>
):
<emphasis box="[471,544,1131,1157]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Epand</emphasis>
in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[739,824,1131,1158]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 30</figureCitation>
) not projecting very far beyond
<emphasis box="[233,291,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">proct</emphasis>
, with a distinctive ventrally directed lobe a little beyond half length and with somewhat bilobed appearance;
<emphasis box="[544,612,1195,1221]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">epand</emphasis>
lobes in dorsal view narrowly separated proximally. S8 normal (lacking special development) and not projecting distally.
<emphasis box="[997,1058,1227,1253]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Hypd</emphasis>
and
<emphasis box="[144,211,1260,1285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">goncx</emphasis>
clearly seen in ventral view.
<emphasis box="[538,599,1259,1285]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Hypd</emphasis>
moderately well-developed, deeply indented medially (allowing base of
<emphasis box="[449,489,1291,1317]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">aed</emphasis>
to be seen,
<figureCitation box="[621,704,1291,1318]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 32</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis box="[724,791,1292,1318]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Gonst</emphasis>
elongate with upturned distal tip in lateral view (
<figureCitation box="[394,478,1323,1350]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 33</figureCitation>
).
<emphasis box="[498,542,1323,1349]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Aed</emphasis>
fairly robust distally with somewhat S-shaped tip (
<figureCitation box="[152,236,1355,1382]" captionStart="Figs 3034" captionStartId="14.[144,183,695,717]" captionTargetBox="[162,1103,207,672]" captionTargetId="figure-393@14.[144,1104,203,677]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Figs 3034. Synolcus armstrongi sp. n., paratype male genitalia (Karkloof): (30) lateral, (31) dorsal, (32) ventral, (33) gonocoxite and gonostylus, (34) aedeagus. Scale line 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918587" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918587/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 34</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
<emphasis box="[144,228,1395,1421]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Female</emphasis>
: Essentially similar to male. Wing length × breadth (mean, n= 3) 11.5 (10.8 12.4) ×4.1 (3.64.5) mm (length and range similar to male, but not expanded and therefore narrower). Terminalia (
<figureCitation box="[513,597,1459,1486]" captionStart="Figs 7686" captionStartId="36.[144,183,1486,1508]" captionTargetBox="[164,1091,214,1460]" captionTargetId="figure-7@36.[144,1104,204,1465]" captionTargetPageId="36" captionText="Figs 7686. Synolcus species, ovipositor: (76) S. acrobaptus (Wiedemann, 1828) (Cape Town); (77) S. argentius Londt, 1990 (5 km NE Grootderm, redrawn from Londt 1990); (78) S. armstrongi sp. n. (Karkloof paratype);(79) S.aurulentus Engel,1929 (Knysna Forest, redrawn from Londt 1980); (80) S. dubius (Macquart, 1846) (Coffee Bay, redrawn from Londt 1980); (81) S. grieseus Engel, 1927 (Entabeni,redrawn from Londt 1980); (82) S.macrocercus sp.n.(Worcester paratype);(83) S. minor (Bromley, 1947) (Ngome, redrawn from Londt 1990); (84) S. namibiensis sp. n. (Ai-Ais paratype); (85) S. spinosus Londt, 1980 (Gladdespruit paratype, from Londt 1980); (86) S. ukhahlamba sp. n. (Injasuti paratype). Scale lines 1 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918609" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918609/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Fig. 78</figureCitation>
): Ovipositor laterally compressed, somewhat knife-like and moderately elongate (about twice as long as deep).
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
<materialsCitation collectingDate="2001-01-16" collectorName="A. Armstrong &amp; P. Ngwenya &amp; Record ID &amp; Grassland'" country="South Africa" elevation="1677" latitude="-29.301943" location="South Africa" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.207779" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal" typeStatus="holotype">
<typeStatus box="[144,231,1527,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount box="[237,254,1528,1549]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="male"></specimenCount>
<collectingCountry box="[258,421,1527,1548]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">SOUTH AFRICA</collectingCountry>
:
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4D5087F77506FF9AFE27879BFBF55DEF:C026603A7505FF9BFE7180E9FD8D5A60" box="[431,547,1527,1549]" country="South Africa" latitude="-29.301943" longLatPrecision="20" longitude="30.207779" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" stateProvince="KwaZulu-Natal">South Africa</location>
/
<collectingRegion box="[562,702,1527,1549]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">KwaZulu­Natal</collectingRegion>
/ Karkloof Nat. Res. /
<geoCoordinate box="[896,986,1527,1548]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="18" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" precision="15" seconds="7" value="-29.301943">29°18'7&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate box="[1001,1103,1527,1548]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" precision="15" seconds="28" value="30.207779">30°12'28&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
/
<date box="[156,254,1551,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" value="2001-01-16">
<collectingDate box="[156,254,1551,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" value="2001-01-16">16/1/2001</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName box="[272,400,1551,1572]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">A. Armstrong</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName box="[430,539,1552,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">P. Ngwenya</collectorName>
/ NCI
<collectorName box="[603,701,1551,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Record ID</collectorName>
: 162181 /
<collectorName box="[797,894,1551,1573]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Grassland</collectorName>
[Google Earth altitude
<quantity box="[144,217,1575,1597]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.677" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" unit="m" value="1677.0">
<elevation box="[144,217,1575,1597]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.677" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" unit="m" value="1677.0">1677 m</elevation>
</quantity>
].
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="14.[144,1105,779,1677]" lastBlockId="15.[181,1142,203,386]" lastPageId="15" lastPageNumber="676" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">
<typeStatus box="[144,236,1608,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">Paratypes</typeStatus>
:
<specimenCount box="[244,272,1607,1628]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[278,306,1607,1628]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
same data as
<typeStatus box="[433,512,1607,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">holotype</typeStatus>
but 162182;
<specimenCount box="[648,676,1607,1628]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
same data as
<typeStatus box="[803,882,1607,1629]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">holotype</typeStatus>
but 162183 (with prey
<taxonomicName box="[144,242,1631,1653]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[253,381,1631,1653]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
);
<specimenCount box="[398,426,1631,1652]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
same data as
<typeStatus box="[562,641,1631,1653]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">holotype</typeStatus>
but 162184 and Grassland montane / Plateau;
<specimenCount box="[144,172,1655,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
same data as
<typeStatus box="[300,379,1655,1677]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">holotype</typeStatus>
but 162185 and Grassland / Plateau;
<specimenCount box="[750,778,1655,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="male">1♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount box="[785,813,1655,1676]" pageId="14" pageNumber="675" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
<collectingCountry box="[823,943,1655,1677]" name="South Africa" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">South Africa</collectingCountry>
/
<collectingRegion box="[961,1103,1655,1677]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="14" pageNumber="675">KwaZulu­Natal</collectingRegion>
/ Minerva Private Nat. Res. /
<geoCoordinate box="[452,555,204,225]" degrees="29" direction="south" minutes="47" orientation="latitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" precision="15" seconds="10" value="-29.78611">29°47'10&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
/
<geoCoordinate box="[574,679,204,225]" degrees="30" direction="east" minutes="12" orientation="longitude" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" precision="15" seconds="18" value="30.205">30°12'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
/
<date box="[698,794,204,225]" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" value="2000-01-11">11/1/2000</date>
, A. Armstrong, Wakelin, Oelleman / NCI Record ID: 163179 / Grassland mistbelt / Summit [Google Earth altitude
<quantity box="[897,970,227,249]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.496" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" unit="m" value="1496.0">1496 m</quantity>
].
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="15.[181,1142,203,386]" pageId="15" pageNumber="676">
Distribution, phenology and biology:A
<collectingRegion box="[616,790,264,290]" country="South Africa" name="KwaZulu-Natal" pageId="15" pageNumber="676">KwaZulu-Natal</collectingRegion>
endemic collected at two nature reserves (
<figureCitation box="[287,370,296,322]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="38.[144,177,1603,1625]" captionTargetBox="[262,991,995,1560]" captionTargetId="figure-9@38.[246,1002,986,1581]" captionTargetPageId="38" captionText="Fig. 89. The distributions of Synolcus species: S. armstrongi sp. n. squares, S. aurulentus Engel, 1929 circles, S. minor (Bromley, 1947) triangles." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7918615" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7918615/files/figure.png" pageId="15" pageNumber="676">Fig. 89</figureCitation>
). Adults fly during the mid­summer month of January (Table 1). Label data and Armstrong (pers. comm.) indicate that this species inhabits grassland adjacent to indigenous forest. A single prey record is available, viz.
<taxonomicName box="[811,929,360,386]" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Hemiptera</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName authorityName="W.E.Leach" authorityYear="1815" box="[944,1104,360,386]" class="Insecta" family="Pentatomidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hemiptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="676" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Pentatomidae</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>