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<document id="033AB651DE881765AFC7AD33584F3637" ID-DOI="10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5429392" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1630420803834" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Stiassny, Melanie L. J. &amp; Getahun, Abebe" docDate="2007" docId="065F9C4AFFB3FFDADD9FF8F5FF4EFDF5" docLanguage="en" docName="j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 150 (1)" docSource="https://academic.oup.com/zoolinnean/article-lookup/doi/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2007.00281.x" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8.2:ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="0DD8C314D74634CE09062A86991413F8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Garra Hamilton 1822" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="52" masterDocId="FA66E432FFB9FFD6DE4FFFFEFF86FFDE" masterDocTitle="An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species" masterLastPageNumber="83" masterPageNumber="41" pageNumber="51" updateTime="1699264050007" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0" zenodo-license-figures="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="6E47DB3ECA39BAF7019A2C2D912BA201">An overview of labeonin relationships and the phylogenetic placement of the Afro-Asian genus Garra Hamilton, 1922 (Teleostei: Cyprinidae), with the description of five new species of Garra from Ethiopia, and a key to all African species</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9E78BC645CDD61C9EA3F7ABCCB2D57CF">2007</mods:date>
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<treatment id="065F9C4AFFB3FFDADD9FF8F5FF4EFDF5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:065F9C4AFFB3FFDADD9FF8F5FF4EFDF5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/065F9C4AFFB3FFDADD9FF8F5FF4EFDF5" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="52" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<subSubSection id="C6EC7ED7FFB3FFDCDD9FF8F5FB62F8FD" box="[976,1252,1803,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB3FFDCDD9FF8F5FB62F8FD" blockId="10.[976,1252,1803,1827]" box="[976,1252,1803,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<heading id="D5019A30FFB3FFDCDD9FF8F5FB62F8FD" box="[976,1252,1803,1827]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB3FFDCDD9FF8F5FB62F8FD" ID-CoL="4M9J" ID-ENA="137059" authority="HAMILTON, 1822" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[976,1252,1803,1827]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB3FFDCDD9FF8F5FB99F8FF" box="[976,1055,1803,1827]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">GARRA</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB3FFDCDA69F8F0FB62F8FD" author="Hamilton F" box="[1062,1252,1803,1827]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refId="ref29044" refString="Hamilton F. 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh &amp; London." type="book" year="1822">HAMILTON, 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB3FFDCDD69F8C2FAE2F8AE" blockId="10.[806,1422,1851,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB3FFDCDD69F8C2FC31F88F" box="[806,951,1852,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">
<typeStatus id="514D93FEFFB3FFDCDD69F8C2FCDDF88F" box="[806,859,1852,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Type</typeStatus>
species:
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB3FFDCDD8BF8C2FA08F88E" authority="Hamilton, 1822" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[964,1422,1851,1873]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Cyprinus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lamta" subGenus="Garra">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB3FFDCDD8BF8C2FB52F88E" box="[964,1236,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="51">Cyprinus (Garra) lamta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB3FFDCDA93F8C5FA08F88E" author="Hamilton F" box="[1244,1422,1851,1873]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" refId="ref29044" refString="Hamilton F. 1822. An account of the fishes found in the river Ganges and its branches. Edinburgh &amp; London." type="book" year="1822">Hamilton, 1822</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
by subsequent designation of
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB3FFDCDA31F8A4FAE6F8AE" author="Bleeker P" box="[1150,1376,1882,1904]" pageId="10" pageNumber="51" pagination="187 - 218" refId="ref28296" refString="Bleeker P. 1863. Systema Cyprinoideorum revisum. Nederlandsch tijdschrift voor Dierkunde 1: 187 - 218." type="journal article" year="1863">Bleeker (1863: 192)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="DA897DD4FFB2FFDDDEEDFBBCFA96FB8B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5429412" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5429412" box="[162,1296,1090,1109]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5429412/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" startId="11.[162,240,1090,1109]" targetBox="[322,1279,198,1055]" targetPageId="11">
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDDDEEDFBBCFA96FB8B" blockId="11.[162,1296,1090,1109]" box="[162,1296,1090,1109]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDEEDFBBCFE91FB8B" bold="true" box="[162,279,1090,1109]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Figure 10.</emphasis>
Pectoral girdle and upper fin rays of (A)
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDC9DFBBCFC16FB8B" baseAuthorityName="RUPPELL" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[722,912,1090,1109]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="dembeensis">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDC9DFBBCFC16FB8B" box="[722,912,1090,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra dembeensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and (B)
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDDBCFBBCFA8CFB8A" box="[1011,1290,1090,1109]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Epalzeorhynchus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="munense">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDDBCFBBCFA8CFB8A" box="[1011,1290,1090,1109]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Epalzeorhynchus munense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDDDEEDFB67FD0EFB13" blockId="11.[162,778,1177,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<materialsCitation id="3E9E2701FFB2FFDDDEEDFB67FD02FB13" country="India" county="Gorakhpur District" location="Behar Province" municipality="Rapti River" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttar Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDEEDFB67FEC4FB70" box="[162,322,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<typeStatus id="514D93FEFFB2FFDDDEEDFB67FF51FB70" box="[162,215,1177,1198]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Type</typeStatus>
locality:
</emphasis>
<location id="8B297B87FFB2FFDDDF14FB67FD9CFB71" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:065F9C4AFFB3FFDADD9FF8F5FF4EFDF5:8B297B87FFB2FFDDDF14FB67FD9CFB71" box="[347,538,1177,1199]" country="India" county="Gorakhpur District" municipality="Rapti River" name="Behar Province" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" stateProvince="Uttar Pradesh">Behar Province</location>
and
<collectingMunicipality id="6E2DB726FFB2FFDDDC3EFB67FC80FB71" box="[625,774,1177,1199]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Rapti River</collectingMunicipality>
,
<collectingCounty id="672855D0FFB2FFDDDEEDFB49FE04FB13" box="[162,386,1207,1229]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Gorakhpur District</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="4C32E3BEFFB2FFDDDFC0FB46FDB1FB13" box="[399,567,1207,1229]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingCountry id="F6E16DCCFFB2FFDDDC0BFB49FD02FB13" box="[580,644,1207,1229]" name="India" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">India</collectingCountry>
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.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDDDEEDFB18FE31FA2F" blockId="11.[162,778,1253,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDEEDFB18FE9FFB25" box="[162,281,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
Among cyprinids
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDC4DFB18FDC1FB25" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[514,583,1254,1275]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDC4DFB18FDC1FB25" box="[514,583,1254,1275]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra</emphasis>
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is phylogenetically diagnosed by the following combination of apomorphic features: lower lip expanded posteriorly to form either an ovoid or circular callous pad or suctorial disc; vomero-palatine organ either vestigial or fully regressed; pectoral fins with the first two or more rays prominent and often unbranched; supraethmoid wider than long in dorsal aspect; cleithrum narrow and anteriorly elongate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDDDEF4FA04FDCCF919" blockId="11.[162,778,1253,1735]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
In addition, the following combination of features distinguish
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDF66F9E6FEE8F9F3" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[297,366,1560,1581]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDF66F9E6FEE8F9F3" box="[297,366,1560,1581]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from other members of the labeonin subtribe
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDF41F9C9FEFCF993" box="[270,378,1591,1613]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" rank="subTribe" subTribe="Garraina">Garraina</taxonomicName>
: pharyngeal teeth in three rows, 2,4,5–5,4,2; dorsal fin with either ten or 11 rays, inserted slightly in advance of pelvic fins; anal fin with either eight or nine rays, situated well behind pelvic fins; diploid chromosome number 50.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDDDEEDF921FB77F982" blockId="11.[162,778,1759,1904]" lastBlockId="11.[826,1442,1177,1904]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDEEDF921FED9F92B" box="[162,351,1759,1781]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
Remarks:
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDF55F91EFED9F92B" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[282,351,1760,1781]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Garra</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
are generally benthic omnivores, feeding on attached algae, phytoplankton, and small invertebrates. Food is typically scraped off the substrate with sharp, keratinized jaw margins, and then sucked into the mouth by alternating dilation and con- traction of the buccopharynx.
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDADCFB67FB5EFB70" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[1171,1240,1177,1198]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDADCFB67FB5EFB70" box="[1171,1240,1177,1198]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
have no stomach and the oesophagus leads directly to the intestine, from which it is separated by a sphincter. The length of the intestine varies according to dominant food
<typeStatus id="514D93FEFFB2FFDDDD75FAEAFCEBFAF7" box="[826,877,1300,1321]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">type</typeStatus>
, being longer in those species feeding predominantly on plant material. The intestinal length (Int.L) shows marked variation between species and is a useful feature for species identification. Little confirmed sexual dimorphism or dichromatism has been reported. When ripe, more than 75% of the body cavity may be occupied by the gonads. Ripe females carry between 400 and 1000 ovarian eggs (average diameter
<quantity id="490E80B9FFB2FFDDDD75F9F7FC19F9C0" box="[826,927,1545,1566]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.77" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" unit="mm" value="1.77">1.77 mm</quantity>
;
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB2FFDDDDF8F9F7FBE9F9C1" author="Getahun A" box="[951,1135,1545,1567]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" refId="ref28792" refString="Getahun A. 2000. Systematic studies of the African species of the genus Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) PhD Thesis, City University of New York." type="book" year="2000">Getahun, 2000</bibRefCitation>
). Breeding behaviour is poorly known but spawning migration of lacustrine species to rivers is presumed to occur.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E492D5CFFB2FFDADD1CF99BFF4EFDF5" blockId="11.[826,1442,1177,1904]" lastBlockId="12.[142,759,195,555]" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">
Although African species were poorly represented in
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB2FFDDDD2CF97AFB9AF947" author="Menon AGK" box="[867,1052,1667,1689]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" pagination="173 - 260" refId="ref29633" refString="Menon AGK. 1964. Monograph of the cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra, Hamilton. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 14: 173 - 260." type="journal article" year="1964">Menon’s (1964)</bibRefCitation>
revision of
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDA8DF97AFA81F947" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[1218,1287,1668,1689]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDA8DF97AFA81F947" box="[1218,1287,1668,1689]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, that study provides a useful comparative taxonomic framework and a starting point for further investigation of the genus. Probably in reflection of limited sampling,
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB2FFDDDD75F901FC5CF8CA" author="Menon AGK" box="[826,986,1790,1812]" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" pagination="173 - 260" refId="ref29633" refString="Menon AGK. 1964. Monograph of the cyprinid fishes of the genus Garra, Hamilton. Memoirs of the Indian Museum 14: 173 - 260." type="journal article" year="1964">Menon (1964)</bibRefCitation>
recognized only eight species of
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDB13F900FA27F8CD" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[1372,1441,1790,1811]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDB13F900FA27F8CD" box="[1372,1441,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the African continent.
<collectingRegion id="4C32E3BEFFB2FFDDDAD2F8E3FB41F8EC" box="[1181,1223,1821,1842]" country="Cameroon" name="North" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Not</collectingRegion>
included in that study, or described since, are
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDAEEF8C2FC34F8B1" authority="Roberts, 1990" authorityName="Roberts" authorityYear="1990" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="allostoma">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDAEEF8C2FAE7F88E" box="[1185,1377,1851,1873]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra allostoma</emphasis>
Roberts, 1990
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDDDD8CF8A4FA95F8AE" authority="Poll, 1959" authorityName="Poll" authorityYear="1959" box="[963,1299,1882,1904]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="congoensis">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDDDD8CF8A4FB08F8AE" box="[963,1166,1882,1904]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra congoensis</emphasis>
Poll, 1959
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB2FFDADB13F8A4FDFEFF07" authority="Blache &amp; Miton, 1960" authorityName="Blache &amp; Miton" authorityYear="1960" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="11" pageNumber="52" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="lancrenonensis">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB2FFDADB13F8A4FEB1FF06" italics="true" lastPageId="12" lastPageNumber="53" pageId="11" pageNumber="52">Garra lancrenonensis</emphasis>
Blache &amp; Miton, 1960
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB5FFDADCDDFF3DFF5EFF26" author="Getahun A" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" refId="ref28792" refString="Getahun A. 2000. Systematic studies of the African species of the genus Garra (Pisces: Cyprinidae) PhD Thesis, City University of New York." type="book" year="2000">Getahun (2000)</bibRefCitation>
, in a taxonomic review of African
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADCE6FF1CFD68FF29" authorityName="Hamilton" authorityYear="1822" box="[681,750,226,247]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADCE6FF1CFD68FF29" box="[681,750,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, resurrected
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADF6AFEFFFD11FEC9" authority="(Pellegrin, 1927)" baseAuthorityName="Pellegrin" baseAuthorityYear="1927" box="[293,663,257,279]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="aethiopica">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADF6AFEFFFE3FFEC8" box="[293,441,257,278]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">G. aethiopica</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB5FFDADF9AFEFFFD09FEC9" author="Pellegrin J" box="[469,655,257,279]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="338 - 340" refId="ref29715" refString="Pellegrin J. 1927. Description d'un Cyprinidae nouveau d'Abyssinie appartenant au genre Discognathus. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France 48: 338 - 340." type="journal article" year="1927">Pellegrin, 1927</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADCFFFEFFFE50FEEB" authority="(Boulenger, 1901)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="blanfordii">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADCFFFEFFFE86FEEA" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra blanfordii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB5FFDADF5EFEE1FE48FEEB" author="Boulenger GA" box="[273,462,287,309]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="158 - 162" refId="ref28315" refString="Boulenger GA. 1901. On a small collection of fishes from Lake Victoria made by order of Sir H. H. Johnston, K. C. B. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2: 158 - 162." type="journal article" year="1901">Boulenger, 1901</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADC56FEDEFEADFE8A" authority="(Boulenger, 1905)" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1905" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hindii">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADC56FEDEFD28FEEA" box="[537,686,287,309]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra hindii</emphasis>
(Boulenger, 1905)
</taxonomicName>
, and synonomized
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADC6FFEC0FEAFFEAD" authority="Monod, 1950" authorityName="Monod" authorityYear="1950" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="trewavasae">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADC6FFEC0FD73FE8A" box="[544,757,318,340]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra trewavasae</emphasis>
Monod, 1950
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADF3AFEA3FD77FEAC" authority="Trewavas, 1941" authorityName="Trewavas" authorityYear="1941" box="[373,753,349,370]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tibanica">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADF3AFEA3FDA0FEAC" box="[373,550,349,370]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra tibanica</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="EA6750ADFFB5FFDADC7AFEA3FD77FEAC" author="Trewavas E" box="[565,753,349,370]" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" pagination="7 - 15" refId="ref30265" refString="Trewavas E. 1941. British Museum (Natural History) expedition to southwest Arabia, 1937 - 8. 3. Freshwater fishes. London: British Museum (Natural History), 7 - 15." type="book chapter" year="1941">Trewavas, 1941</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, with
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADE9FFE82FD3BFE4F" authority="(Nichols &amp; Griscom, 1917)" baseAuthorityName="Nichols &amp; Griscom" baseAuthorityYear="1917" box="[208,701,379,401]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ornata">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADE9FFE82FEE8FE4F" box="[208,366,380,401]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra ornata</emphasis>
(Nichols &amp; Griscom, 1917)
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="49F656DFFFB5FFDADEC1FE64FDDFFE6E" authority="(Ruppell, 1931)" baseAuthorityName="Ruppell" baseAuthorityYear="1931" box="[142,601,410,432]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Cyprinidae" genus="Garra" kingdom="Animalia" order="Cypriniformes" pageId="12" pageNumber="53" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quadrimaculata">
<emphasis id="BC82F14EFFB5FFDADEC1FE64FE1EFE71" box="[142,408,410,431]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="53">Garra quadrimaculata</emphasis>
(Ruppell, 1931)
</taxonomicName>
, respectively. Including the five new species described herein, we recognize a total of 17 valid African species and an artificial key for their identification is provided here.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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