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<document id="441CC4EB6ABD328775F50BD7CD30DB51" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.213571" ID-GBIF-Dataset="2f3e8f92-82e1-4caf-9786-c3b6febb42f3" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="213571" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460556090693" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anderson, Eric" docDate="2012" docId="064487B5501AFF83FF2655C12A385417" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03559p043.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3559" docStyle="DocumentStyle:890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E.4:Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleId="890A69B780ED73D6DB8551B71C8AC79E" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2009-2012.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Pachycara karenae Anderson, 2012, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="41" masterDocId="FA7DFFCD501BFF81FFB15556293A5573" masterDocTitle="A new species of Pachycara Zugmayer (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from off Monterey Bay, California, USA, with comments on two North Pacific Lycenchelys species" masterLastPageNumber="43" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="40" updateTime="1698319247975" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="FF10B6F088681A99E1DC7A8ABD750B2E">A new species of Pachycara Zugmayer (Teleostei: Zoarcidae) from off Monterey Bay, California, USA, with comments on two North Pacific Lycenchelys species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="905837A4BA652ACBE7F279BA8C6D974D">Anderson, Eric</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9696C76129BDDCF4E4E6115322648C3E">2012</mods:date>
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<treatment id="064487B5501AFF83FF2655C12A385417" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6181129" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119555781" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6181129" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:064487B5501AFF83FF2655C12A385417" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/064487B5501AFF83FF2655C12A385417" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<subSubSection id="C6F76528501AFF80FF2655C1282855A7" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF2655C128EC55C3" blockId="1.[151,470,151,212]" box="[151,470,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<heading id="D51A81CF501AFF80FF2655C128EC55C3" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,176]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" reason="2">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB1501AFF80FF2655C128EC55C3" bold="true" box="[151,470,151,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<taxonomicName id="49ED4D20501AFF80FF2655C1284C55C3" ID-CoL="4BQ7Z" box="[151,374,151,176]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Zoarcidae" genus="Pachycara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karenae" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB1501AFF80FF2655C1284C55C3" bold="true" box="[151,374,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Pachycara karenae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="A7AA57CA501AFF80FECD55CE28EC55C3" box="[380,470,152,176]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF2655EA282855A7" blockId="1.[151,470,151,212]" box="[151,274,188,212]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
(
<figureCitation id="16D62A26501AFF80FF2E55EA29D755A7" box="[159,237,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,941,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,409,920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pachycara karenae, sp. nov., CAS 233971, holotype, 336 mm SL, off Monterey Bay, California, fresh from trawl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="16D62A26501AFF80FF4B55EA283355A7" box="[250,265,188,212]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,1017,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1013,1337]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagram showing lateral lines of Pachycara karenae, paratype, CAS 233972, 340 mm SL. Anteriormost neuromasts of dorsal line from right side (left side damaged). Neuromasts enlarged." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">2</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6F76528501AFF80FF265452281B562F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF26545228E85416" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FF2654522839546F" box="[151,259,260,284]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="E8FCAE66501AFF80FEBE5452287F546F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[271,325,260,284]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">CAS</collectionCode>
233971 (male,
<quantity id="49159B46501AFF80FE4A54522B63546F" box="[507,601,260,284]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.36" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="336.0">336 mm</quantity>
SL), off Monterey Bay, California,
<collectingCountry id="F6FA7633501AFF80FC4754522D0B546F" box="[1014,1073,260,284]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">USA</collectingCountry>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EBD95064501AFF80FB8F54522DF4546F" box="[1086,1230,260,284]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="36.560432">36°33.626'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EBD95064501AFF80FB6D54522C47546F" box="[1244,1405,260,284]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-122.710014">122°42.601'W</geoCoordinate>
to
<geoCoordinate id="EBD95064501AFF80FF265471281D544C" box="[151,295,295,319]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="36.586082">36°35.165'N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="EBD95064501AFF80FE86547128E3544C" box="[311,473,295,319]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" precision="1" value="-122.748">122°44.880'W</geoCoordinate>
, otter trawl in 3100
<quantity id="49159B46501AFF80FD6754712A08544C" box="[726,818,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.78" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="m" value="2780.0">2780 m</quantity>
, R/V
<collectionCode id="E8FCAE66501AFF80FCCF54712AEA544C" box="[894,976,295,319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">POINT</collectionCode>
SUR sta. Oct3000-4,
<date id="FA531063501AFF80FB6C54712CA2544C" box="[1245,1432,295,319]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" value="2009-10-08">8 October 2009</date>
, Jeffrey C. Drazen and party.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF765426283A54DF" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FF765426280254FB" box="[199,312,368,392]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">Paratypes</typeStatus>
.
<collectionCode id="E8FCAE66501AFF80FEF75439284654F4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" box="[326,380,367,391]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">CAS</collectionCode>
233972 (male,
<quantity id="49159B46501AFF80FD8B54392BA154F4" box="[570,667,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="340.0">340 mm</quantity>
SL) and
<collectionCode id="E8FCAE66501AFF80FCBE54392A5A54F4" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[783,864,367,391]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">USNM</collectionCode>
405384 (male,
<quantity id="49159B46501AFF80FBAC54392D4454F4" box="[1053,1150,367,391]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.62" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" unit="mm" value="362.0">362 mm</quantity>
SL), same collection as
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FF2654C229C754DF" box="[151,253,404,428]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7654E1281B562F" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Counts and measurements (
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FE4C54E12B5B54BC" box="[509,609,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
first, followed in parentheses by range of
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FBF054E12D8B54BC" box="[1089,1201,439,463]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
). Vertebrae 24 + 68 = 92 (24 + 68); dorsal fin rays 90 (fin origin damaged); anal fin rays 68 (68 69); caudal fin rays 10 (1011); pectoral fin rays 18 (1718); pelvic fin rays absent (absent); vomerine teeth 42 (25 27); palatine teeth 34 (left)/39 (right) (2133/2632); gill rakers 2 + 13 (2 + 10-11); branchiostegal rays 7 (67); pseudobranchial filaments 4 (4). Following measurements as percent SL: head length 17.1 (15.417.7); head width 13.8 (10.111.9); head depth 18.4 (13.716.9); pectoral-fin length 11.3 (11.511.6); predorsal length 19.7 (19.620.3); preanal length 45.6 (43.144.4); body depth 25.1 (15.621.8); gill slit length 7.7 (6.77.4); caudal-fin length 3.0 (3.84.4). Following measurements in percent HL: head width 80.5 (65.767.2); head depth 107.8 (89.495.7); upper jaw length 48.3 (40.444.2); pectoral-fin length 65.9 (65.475.0); caudal-fin length 31.4 (21.628.8); snout length 19.9 (23.324.8); eye diameter 13.1 (13.113.3); gill slit length 44.8 (41.943.5); bony interorbital width 6.7 (7.39.1); fleshy interorbital width 37.7 (30.334.4); interpupillary width 48.3 (39.645.9). Pectoral base/length ratio: 54.8 (48.751.4).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6F76528501AFF80FF7656312B55569F" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7656312B55569F" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB1501AFF80FF765631287B56F3" bold="true" box="[199,321,871,896]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
A species of
<taxonomicName id="49ED4D20501AFF80FE6F563E2B6D56F3" box="[478,599,872,896]" class="Actinopterygii" family="Zoarcidae" genus="Pachycara" kingdom="Animalia" order="Perciformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB1501AFF80FE6F563E2B6D56F3" box="[478,599,872,896]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Pachycara</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as defined by
<bibRefCitation id="EA7C4B52501AFF80FCB156312A80560C" author="Anderson" box="[768,954,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Anderson, M. E. (1989) Review of the eelpout genus Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911 (Teleostei: Zoarcidae), with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 46 (10), 221 - 242." type="journal article" year="1989">Anderson (1989</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="EA7C4B52501AFF80FC7756312D38560C" author="Anderson" box="[966,1026,871,895]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Anderson, M. E. (1994) Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Ichthyological Bulletin, 60, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1994">1994</bibRefCitation>
), with the following combination of characters: vertebrae 24 + 68 = 92, pelvic fins absent, ventral lateral line originating immediately behind posteriormost postorbital pore, scales on nape and cheeks, branchiostegal rays 67, gill slit extending ventrally to half pectoral base height or slightly lower.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6F76528501AFF83FF7656A129F25584" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="description">
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7656A12BC95194" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB1501AFF80FF7656A128635163" bold="true" box="[199,345,1015,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Description.</emphasis>
Head ovoid, wider and deeper in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FD5656A12A73517C" box="[743,841,1015,1039]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
than in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FC1C56AE2D215163" box="[941,1051,1016,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, snout steepest in larger
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FA8D56AE2CA65163" box="[1340,1436,1016,1040]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(USNM 405384). Scales cycloid, covering body (including abdomen), nape and cheeks dorsally; scales on unpaired fins to three-quarters their height or more posteriorly; scales in pectoral fin axil and on base. Eye small, rounded, not entering dorsal profile of head. Gill slit short, reaching ventrally to mid-pectoral base or just below it in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FF0251DE282E51D3" box="[179,276,1160,1184]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CAS 233972. Lobe at dorsal margin of gill slit squared-off and well developed. Pectoral-fin origin well below body midline, insertion on abdomen; posterior margin of fin evenly rounded, middle rays longest; ventralmost 67 rays thickened, tips slightly exserted.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7651A22C7450EF" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Mouth subterminal, slightly oblique, upper jaw extending posteriorly to front edge or middle of eye. Epidermal prickles absent on head. Nostril tube not reaching upper lip. Oral valve reaching just posterior to anterior edge of vomer. Jaw teeth small, conical; dentary with five irregular rows anteriorly, blending into single posterior row; premaxilla with three anterior rows, blending into single posteror row. Vomerine teeth relatively numerous (see Discussion), in irregular ovoid patch. Palatine teeth in 34 anterior rows, blending into single posterior row.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7650F12D8453CF" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Cephalic lateralis system with no variation in pore counts except for suborbitals. Two postorbital pores (numbers one and four of
<bibRefCitation id="EA7C4B52501AFF80FE75509A2B4F5097" author="Anderson" box="[452,629,1484,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Anderson, M. E. (1994) Systematics and osteology of the Zoarcidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). J. L. B. Smith Institute of Ichthyology, Ichthyological Bulletin, 60, 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1994">Anderson 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Suborbital pores 6 + 0 (both sides) in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FBF1509A2D9F5097" box="[1088,1189,1484,1508]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
, 7 + 0 (both sides) in CAS 233972, and 7 + 0 (left), 5 + 0 (right) in USNM 405384. Eight preoperculomandibular pores. Two anterior supraorbital (nasal) pores, one set mesial to nostril tube, the other set dorsoposteriorly. Interorbital and occipital pores absent. Body lateral line system with mediolateral branch originating just behind posterior postorbital pore and ventral branch originating about one eye diameter below mediolateral line on vertical through uppermost edge of gill slit. Ventral line coursing gently across abdomen, without steep bows (
<figureCitation id="16D62A26501AFF80FB9A53292D4E53E4" box="[1067,1140,1663,1687]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1359,1382]" captionTargetBox="[156,1431,1017,1331]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,1013,1337]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 2. Diagram showing lateral lines of Pachycara karenae, paratype, CAS 233972, 340 mm SL. Anteriormost neuromasts of dorsal line from right side (left side damaged). Neuromasts enlarged." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213573/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
). Faint dorsal lateral line detected in a few areas under dorsal fin base in CAS 233972 running from nape to near tail tip.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF80FF7653912DC252CB" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Dorsal fin origin damaged in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FDA2539E2BBB5393" box="[531,641,1736,1760]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratypes</typeStatus>
, associated with vertebra four. Anal fin origin associated with vertebra 24 (ultimate precaudal), with no free pterygiophores inserted anterior to haemal spine of first caudal vertebra. Last dorsal ray associated with second to fourth preural vertebra, last anal ray associated with second preural vertebra. Caudal fin with two epural, four upper hypural and 45 lower hypural rays. Gill rakers short, dorsalmost (on epibranchial and upper ceratobranchial) acute, middle rakers bicuspid and lowermost 34 on ceratobranchial acute (see
<bibRefCitation id="EA7C4B52501AFF80FF7F522A28BA52E7" author="Anderson" box="[206,384,1916,1940]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" refString="Anderson, M. E. (1989) Review of the eelpout genus Pachycara Zugmayer, 1911 (Teleostei: Zoarcidae), with descriptions of six new species. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 46 (10), 221 - 242." type="journal article" year="1989">Anderson 1989</bibRefCitation>
, fig. 8). Pseudobranchial filaments long, simple. Branchiostegal rays 5 + 2 (both sides) in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FF2652F629C352CB" box="[151,249,1952,1976]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FE9E52F728AA52CA" box="[303,400,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
CAS 233972, 4 + 2 (both sides) in
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FCAF52F72A4452CA" box="[798,894,1953,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
USNM 405384 (see Discussion).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8E5236A3501AFF83FF76529229F25584" blockId="1.[151,1437,260,2013]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="41" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">
Fresh coloration (
<figureCitation id="16D62A26501AFF80FE3D529228F652AF" box="[396,460,1988,2012]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,941,964]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,409,920]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,409,920]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pachycara karenae, sp. nov., CAS 233971, holotype, 336 mm SL, off Monterey Bay, California, fresh from trawl." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/213572/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="40">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
) of
<typeStatus id="51568801501AFF80FE4D52922B6452AF" box="[508,606,1988,2012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="40" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
uniformly dark chocolate brown, unpaired fins and peritoneum black, eye blue, orobranchial chamber dark brown.
<typeStatus id="515688015019FF83FDCA55CE2BE755C3" box="[635,733,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
CAS 233972 uniformly black,
<typeStatus id="515688015019FF83FBEB55CE2D8055C3" box="[1114,1210,152,176]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
USNM 405384 as
<typeStatus id="515688015019FF83FF2655EA29C355A7" box="[151,249,188,212]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
but with numerous, small, pale white spots, some half an eye diameter in width, scattered over body and fins.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C6F765285019FF83FF7654522A385417" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="8E5236A35019FF83FF7654522A385417" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,357]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">
<emphasis id="BC99EAB15019FF83FF7654522874546F" bold="true" box="[199,334,260,284]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Etymology.</emphasis>
Named to honor my inspiration and fellow marine biologist, my wife Karen Lona Anderson.
<emphasis id="BC99EAB15019FF83FF765471285A5433" bold="true" box="[199,352,295,320]" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">Distribution.</emphasis>
Known from a single lower bathyal (
<quantity id="49159B465019FF83FCA654712A82544C" box="[791,952,295,319]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.94" metricValueMax="3.1" metricValueMin="2.78" pageId="2" pageNumber="41" unit="m" value="2940.0" valueMax="3100.0" valueMin="2780.0">27803100 m</quantity>
) collection just north of the mouth of the Monterey Submarine Canyon, central California,
<collectingCountry id="F6FA76335019FF83FD72541A2BC55417" box="[707,767,332,356]" name="United States of America" pageId="2" pageNumber="41">USA</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>